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| </style> |
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| </script></head> |
| <body class="book toc2 toc-left" style="max-width: 100;"> |
| <div id="header"> |
| <h1>The OpenGL<sup>®</sup> Shading Language, Version 4.60.7</h1> |
| <div class="details"> |
| <span id="author" class="author">John Kessenich, Google (Editor and Author) ; Dave Baldwin and Randi Rost (Version 1.1 Authors)</span><br> |
| <span id="revnumber">version 4.60.7,</span> |
| <span id="revdate">Wed, 10 Jul 2019 20:42:58 +0000</span> |
| <br><span id="revremark">Git branch information not available</span> |
| </div> |
| <div id="toc" class="toc2"> |
| <div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div> |
| <ul class="sectlevel1"> |
| <li><a href="#introduction">1. Introduction</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#changes">1.1. Changes</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#overview">1.2. Overview</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#error-handling">1.3. Error Handling</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#typographical-conventions">1.4. Typographical Conventions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#deprecation">1.5. Deprecation</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#overview-of-opengl-shading">2. Overview of Shading</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#vertex-processor">2.1. Vertex Processor</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#tessellation-control-processor">2.2. Tessellation Control Processor</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#tessellation-evaluation-processor">2.3. Tessellation Evaluation Processor</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#geometry-processor">2.4. Geometry Processor</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#fragment-processor">2.5. Fragment Processor</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#compute-processor">2.6. Compute Processor</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#basics">3. Basics</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#character-set">3.1. Character Set and Phases of Compilation</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#source-strings">3.2. Source Strings</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#preprocessor">3.3. Preprocessor</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#comments">3.4. Comments</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#tokens">3.5. Tokens</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#keywords">3.6. Keywords</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#identifiers">3.7. Identifiers</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#definitions">3.8. Definitions</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#variables-and-types">4. Variables and Types</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#basic-types">4.1. Basic Types</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#scoping">4.2. Scoping</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#storage-qualifiers">4.3. Storage Qualifiers</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#layout-qualifiers">4.4. Layout Qualifiers</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#interpolation-qualifiers">4.5. Interpolation Qualifiers</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#parameter-qualifiers">4.6. Parameter Qualifiers</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#precision-and-precision-qualifiers">4.7. Precision and Precision Qualifiers</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#variance-and-the-invariant-qualifier">4.8. Variance and the Invariant Qualifier</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#the-precise-qualifier">4.9. The Precise Qualifier</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#memory-qualifiers">4.10. Memory Qualifiers</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#specialization-constant-qualifier">4.11. Specialization-Constant Qualifier</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#order-of-qualification">4.12. Order and Repetition of Qualification</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#empty-declarations">4.13. Empty Declarations</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#operators-and-expressions">5. Operators and Expressions</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#operators">5.1. Operators</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#array-operations">5.2. Array Operations</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#function-calls">5.3. Function Calls</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#constructors">5.4. Constructors</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#vector-components">5.5. Vector and Scalar Components and Length</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#matrix-components">5.6. Matrix Components</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#structure-and-array-operations">5.7. Structure and Array Operations</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#assignments">5.8. Assignments</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#expressions">5.9. Expressions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#vector-and-matrix-operations">5.10. Vector and Matrix Operations</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#out-of-bounds-accesses">5.11. Out-of-Bounds Accesses</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#specialization-constant-operations">5.12. Specialization-Constant Operations</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#statements-and-structure">6. Statements and Structure</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#function-definitions">6.1. Function Definitions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#selection">6.2. Selection</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#iteration">6.3. Iteration</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#jumps">6.4. Jumps</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#built-in-variables">7. Built-In Variables</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#built-in-language-variables">7.1. Built-In Language Variables</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#compatibility-profile-vertex-shader-built-in-inputs">7.2. Compatibility Profile Vertex Shader Built-In Inputs</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#built-in-constants">7.3. Built-In Constants</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#built-in-uniform-state">7.4. Built-In Uniform State</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#redeclaring-built-in-blocks">7.5. Redeclaring Built-In Blocks</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#built-in-functions">8. Built-In Functions</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#angle-and-trigonometry-functions">8.1. Angle and Trigonometry Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#exponential-functions">8.2. Exponential Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#common-functions">8.3. Common Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#floating-point-pack-and-unpack-functions">8.4. Floating-Point Pack and Unpack Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#geometric-functions">8.5. Geometric Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#matrix-functions">8.6. Matrix Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#vector-relational-functions">8.7. Vector Relational Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#integer-functions">8.8. Integer Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#texture-functions">8.9. Texture Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#atomic-counter-functions">8.10. Atomic Counter Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#atomic-memory-functions">8.11. Atomic Memory Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#image-functions">8.12. Image Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#geometry-shader-functions">8.13. Geometry Shader Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#fragment-processing-functions">8.14. Fragment Processing Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#noise-functions">8.15. Noise Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#shader-invocation-control-functions">8.16. Shader Invocation Control Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#shader-memory-control-functions">8.17. Shader Memory Control Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_subpass_input_functions">8.18. Subpass-Input Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#shader-invocation-group-functions">8.19. Shader Invocation Group Functions</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#shading-language-grammar">9. Shading Language Grammar</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#acknowledgments">10. Acknowledgments</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#references">11. Normative References</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_non_normative_spir_v_mappings">12. Non-Normative SPIR-V Mappings</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#_feature_comparisons">12.1. Feature Comparisons</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#_mapping_from_glsl_to_spir_v">12.2. Mapping from GLSL to SPIR-V</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="content"> |
| <div id="preamble"> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div style="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Copyright © 2008-2018 The Khronos Group Inc. All Rights Reserved.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This specification is protected by copyright laws and contains material |
| proprietary to the Khronos Group, Inc. It or any components may not be |
| reproduced, republished, distributed, transmitted, displayed, broadcast, |
| or otherwise exploited in any manner without the express prior written |
| permission of Khronos Group. You may use this specification for |
| implementing the functionality therein, without altering or removing any |
| trademark, copyright or other notice from the specification, but the |
| receipt or possession of this specification does not convey any rights |
| to reproduce, disclose, or distribute its contents, or to manufacture, |
| use, or sell anything that it may describe, in whole or in part.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Khronos Group grants express permission to any current Promoter, |
| Contributor or Adopter member of Khronos to copy and redistribute |
| UNMODIFIED versions of this specification in any fashion, provided that |
| NO CHARGE is made for the specification and the latest available update |
| of the specification for any version of the API is used whenever |
| possible. Such distributed specification may be reformatted AS LONG AS |
| the contents of the specification are not changed in any way. The |
| specification may be incorporated into a product that is sold as long as |
| such product includes significant independent work developed by the |
| seller. A link to the current version of this specification on the |
| Khronos Group website should be included whenever possible with |
| specification distributions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Khronos Group makes no, and expressly disclaims any, representations or |
| warranties, express or implied, regarding this specification, including, |
| without limitation, any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness |
| for a particular purpose or noninfringement of any intellectual |
| property. Khronos Group makes no, and expressly disclaims any, |
| warranties, express or implied, regarding the correctness, accuracy, |
| completeness, timeliness, and reliability of the specification. Under no |
| circumstances will the Khronos Group, or any of its Promoters, |
| Contributors or Members or their respective partners, officers, |
| directors, employees, agents, or representatives be liable for any |
| damages, whether direct, indirect, special or consequential damages for |
| lost revenues, lost profits, or otherwise, arising from or in connection |
| with these materials.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Khronos, Vulkan, SYCL, SPIR, WebGL, EGL, COLLADA, StreamInput, OpenVX, |
| OpenKCam, glTF, OpenKODE, OpenVG, OpenWF, OpenSL ES, OpenMAX, OpenMAX |
| AL, OpenMAX IL and OpenMAX DL are trademarks and WebCL is a |
| certification mark of the Khronos Group Inc. OpenCL is a trademark of |
| Apple Inc. and OpenGL and OpenML are registered trademarks and the |
| OpenGL ES and OpenGL SC logos are trademarks of Silicon Graphics |
| International used under license by Khronos. All other product names, |
| trademarks, and/or company names are used solely for identification and |
| belong to their respective owners.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div style="page-break-after: always;"></div> |
| <!-- toc disabled --> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="introduction">1. Introduction</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This document specifies only version 4.60 of the OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL). |
| It requires __VERSION__ to substitute 460, and requires |
| <strong>#version</strong> to accept only |
| <code>460</code>. |
| If <strong>#version</strong> is declared with a smaller number, the language accepted is a |
| previous version of the shading language, which will be supported depending |
| on the version and type of context in the API. |
| See the <a href="#references">normative references</a> for details on what language |
| versions are supported.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Previous versions of the OpenGL Shading Language, as well as the OpenGL ES Shading Language, |
| are not strict subsets of the version specified here, particularly with |
| respect to precision, name-hiding rules, and treatment of interface |
| variables. |
| See the specification corresponding to a particular language version for |
| details specific to that version of the language.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Throughout, when generating SPIR-V for consumption by the Vulkan API |
| (see <a href="#references">normative references</a>), this will be said to be |
| <em>targeting Vulkan</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>While this specification and the OpenGL Specification are normative for OpenGL Shading Language, for |
| SPIR-V generation it is still the SPIR-V specification and the SPIR-V client |
| API specification that are normative for the generated SPIR-V. |
| See the <a href="#references">normative references</a> for further detail.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For SPIR-V generation, the SPIR-V client API specifies the commands used to |
| manipulate SPIR-V shaders.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Independent offline tool chains will compile GLSL down to the SPIR-V |
| intermediate language. |
| SPIR-V generation is not enabled with a <strong>#extension</strong>, <strong>#version</strong>, or a |
| profile. |
| Instead, use of GLSL for SPIR-V is determined by offline tool-chain use. |
| See the documentation of such tools to see how to request generation of |
| SPIR-V for its client API.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>GLSL → SPIR-V compilers must be directed as to what SPIR-V <strong>Capabilities</strong> |
| are legal at run-time and give errors for GLSL feature use outside those |
| capabilities. |
| This is also true for implementation-dependent limits that can be error |
| checked by the front-end against built-in constants present in the GLSL |
| source: the front-end can be informed of such limits, and report errors when |
| they are exceeded.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>SPIR-V features that are not controlled by a SPIR-V capability, but do have an |
| equivalent GLSL counterpart (stages, built-in functions, types, limits, etc.) |
| are only expected to work on OpenGL drivers that support the GLSL counterpart.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All references in this specification to the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a> are to |
| the Core profile of version 4.6, unless a different profile is |
| specified.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="changes">1.1. Changes</h3> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_changes_from_revision_6_of_glsl_4_6">1.1.1. Changes from Revision 6 of GLSL 4.6</h4> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Incorporated the GL_KHR_vulkan_glsl specification.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Add note in the introduction about presence in drivers of SPIR-V features, |
| as they relate to GLSL features.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Clarify it is same location that triggers default-uniform block matching |
| rules. |
| See <a href="#uniform-variable-layout-qualifiers">Uniform Variable Layout Qualifiers</a>.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_changes_from_revision_5_of_glsl_4_6">1.1.2. Changes from Revision 5 of GLSL 4.6</h4> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL issue #34: Clarify/consolidate implicit conversion rules from int → uint |
| to be the same as explicit construction.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL issue #24: Clarify that <strong>barrier</strong>() by itself is enough to synchronize |
| both control flow and memory accesses to <strong>shared</strong> variables and tessellation |
| control output variables. For other memory accesses an additional memory |
| barrier is still required.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Normatively reference IEEE-754 for definitions of floating-point formats.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL issue 36: <strong>refract</strong> function on <strong>double</strong> types requires eta |
| argument to have type <strong>double</strong>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Clarify restrictions on input variables in tessellation and geometry stages.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL issue 15: Clarify the ordering of bindings for arrays of arrays.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL issue 14: Uniform variables need only match at link time if they |
| are statically used.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>For <strong>precise</strong> computations, the controlling expressions for |
| control flow and ternary operators (<strong>?:</strong>) are not included.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_changes_from_revision_4_of_glsl_4_6">1.1.3. Changes from Revision 4 of GLSL 4.6</h4> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private bug 13012: Clarified that builtin uniform variables might only |
| be available in the fragment stage.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private bug 13837: Ternary and sequence operators may operate on <strong>void</strong> types.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Clarified that errors arising from preprocessing must be returned at compile time.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Clarified that access to any part of a variable constitutes a static use.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL issue 19: A statement is required following any label at the end of a <strong>switch</strong>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL issue 26: <strong>noise</strong> is not valid when compiling for SPIR-V.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL issue 20: <strong>length</strong>() expressions returning a constant value may not |
| contain side effects.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Public OpenGL-API issue 7: Variables can be declared as both <strong>readonly</strong> |
| and <strong>writeonly</strong>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL issue 16: Use of constant expressions within <strong>#line</strong> directives is undefined.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Corrected return type of <strong>imageAtomicExchange</strong> on <strong>float</strong> images.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL issue 32: Remove <strong>length</strong>() method contradiction: |
| Non runtime-sized arrays only support <strong>length</strong>() on explicitly |
| sized arrays.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL issue 21: Clarified the l-value restriction on <strong>interpolateAt</strong>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private OpenGL-API issue 53: Clarified bit-width requirements for location aliasing.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Public GLSL issue 15: <strong>gl_in</strong> can be redeclared using unsized-array syntax.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Clarification of the formats needed for DEPTH_COMPONENT and |
| STENCIL_COMPONENT for depth/stencil textures.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Added image formats to the layout-qualifier table in the |
| <a href="#layout-qualifiers">Layout Qualifiers</a> section.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_changes_from_revision_3_of_glsl_4_6">1.1.4. Changes from Revision 3 of GLSL 4.6</h4> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL issue 13: Fix misspelling of <strong>allInvocationsEqual</strong>(). |
| (The one in the table was incorrectly listed as <strong>anyInvocationsEqual</strong>(), |
| other spellings were correct.)</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_summary_of_changes_from_revision_7_of_glsl_version_4_50">1.1.5. Summary of Changes from Revision 7 of GLSL Version 4.50</h4> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Incorporated the GL_ARB_shader_atomic_counter_ops extension.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Incorporated the GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters extension.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Incorporated the GL_ARB_shader_group_vote extension.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Incorporated the GL_ARB_gl_spirv extension.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private Bug 16070: Allow extra semi-colons at global scope.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL Issue 5: Be explicit that “fail to link” is really |
| “compile-time or link-time error”, for some forms of error.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL Issue 7: Change <em>gl_MaxComputeUniformComponents</em> to 1024.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private OpenGL API Issue 35: Require location on transparent individual |
| uniform variables for SPIR-V.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL Issue 8: Be more clear an <strong>interpolateAt</strong>() interpolant can |
| be a structure member.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Private GLSL Issue 9: Specify how <strong>xfb_buffer</strong> interacts with a block |
| array: the capturing buffer increments for each block array element.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="overview">1.2. Overview</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This document describes <em>The OpenGL Shading Language, version 4.60</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Independent compilation units written in this language are called <em>shaders</em>. |
| A <em>program</em> is a set of shaders that are compiled and linked |
| together, |
| completely creating one or more of the programmable stages of the |
| API pipeline. |
| All the shaders for a single programmable stage must be within the same |
| program. |
| A complete set of programmable stages can be put into a single program or |
| the stages can be partitioned across multiple programs. |
| The aim of this document is to thoroughly specify the programming language. |
| The <a href="#references">normative references</a> will specify the API entry points |
| used to manipulate and communicate with programs and shaders.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="error-handling">1.3. Error Handling</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Compilers, in general, accept programs that are ill-formed, due to the |
| impossibility of detecting all ill-formed programs. |
| Portability is only ensured for well-formed programs, which this |
| specification describes. |
| Compilers are encouraged to detect ill-formed programs and issue diagnostic |
| messages, but are not required to do so for all cases. |
| Compile-time errors must be returned for lexically or grammatically |
| incorrect shaders. |
| Other errors are reported at compile time or link time as indicated. |
| Code that is “dead” must still be error checked. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="predefined-constant">false</span>) <span class="comment">// changing false to true cannot uncover additional errors</span> |
| statement; <span class="comment">// statement must be error checked regardless</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="typographical-conventions">1.4. Typographical Conventions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Italic, bold, and font choices have been used in this specification |
| primarily to improve readability. |
| Code fragments use a fixed width font. |
| Identifiers embedded in text are italicized. |
| Keywords embedded in text are bold. |
| Operators are called by their name, followed by their symbol in bold in |
| parentheses. |
| The clarifying grammar fragments in the text use bold for literals and |
| italics for non-terminals. |
| The official grammar in “<a href="#shading-language-grammar">Shading Language |
| Grammar</a>” uses all capitals for terminals and lower case for |
| non-terminals.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="deprecation">1.5. Deprecation</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The OpenGL Shading Language has deprecated some features. |
| These are clearly called out in this specification as “deprecated”. |
| They are still present in this version of the language, but are targeted for |
| potential removal in a future version of the shading language. |
| The OpenGL API has a forward compatibility mode that will disallow use of |
| deprecated features. |
| If compiling in a mode where use of deprecated features is disallowed, their |
| use causes compile-time or link-time errors. |
| See the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a> for details on what causes deprecated |
| language features to be accepted or to return an error.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="overview-of-opengl-shading">2. Overview of Shading</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The OpenGL Shading Language is actually several closely related languages. |
| These languages are used to create shaders for each of the programmable |
| processors contained in the API’s processing pipeline. |
| Currently, these processors are the vertex, tessellation control, |
| tessellation evaluation, geometry, fragment, and compute processors.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Unless otherwise noted in this paper, a language feature applies to all |
| languages, and common usage will refer to these languages as a single |
| language. |
| The specific languages will be referred to by the name of the processor they |
| target: vertex, tessellation control, tessellation evaluation, geometry, |
| fragment, or compute.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Most API state is not tracked or made available to shaders. |
| Typically, user-defined variables will be used for communicating between |
| different stages of the API pipeline. |
| However, a small amount of state is still tracked and automatically made |
| available to shaders, and there are a few built-in variables for interfaces |
| between different stages of the API pipeline.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="vertex-processor">2.1. Vertex Processor</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>vertex processor</em> is a programmable unit that operates on incoming |
| vertices and their associated data. |
| Compilation units written in the OpenGL Shading Language to run on this processor are called |
| <em>vertex shaders</em>. |
| When a set of vertex shaders are successfully compiled and linked, they |
| result in a <em>vertex shader executable</em> that runs on the vertex processor.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The vertex processor operates on one vertex at a time. |
| It does not replace graphics operations that require knowledge of several |
| vertices at a time.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="tessellation-control-processor">2.2. Tessellation Control Processor</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>tessellation control processor</em> is a programmable unit that operates on |
| a patch of incoming vertices and their associated data, emitting a new |
| output patch. |
| Compilation units written in the OpenGL Shading Language to run on this processor are called |
| tessellation control shaders. |
| When a set of tessellation control shaders are successfully compiled and |
| linked, they result in a <em>tessellation control shader executable</em> that runs |
| on the tessellation control processor.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The tessellation control shader is invoked for each vertex of the output |
| patch. |
| Each invocation can read the attributes of any vertex in the input or output |
| patches, but can only write per-vertex attributes for the corresponding |
| output patch vertex. |
| The shader invocations collectively produce a set of per-patch attributes |
| for the output patch.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>After all tessellation control shader invocations have completed, the output |
| vertices and per-patch attributes are assembled to form a patch to be used |
| by subsequent pipeline stages.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Tessellation control shader invocations run mostly independently, with |
| undefined relative execution order. |
| However, the built-in function <strong>barrier</strong>() can be used to control execution |
| order by synchronizing invocations, effectively dividing tessellation |
| control shader execution into a set of phases. |
| Tessellation control shaders will get undefined results if one invocation |
| reads from a per-vertex or per-patch attribute written by another invocation |
| at any point during the same phase, or if two invocations attempt to write |
| different values to the same per-patch output |
| 32-bit component |
| in a single phase.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="tessellation-evaluation-processor">2.3. Tessellation Evaluation Processor</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>tessellation evaluation processor</em> is a programmable unit that |
| evaluates the position and other attributes of a vertex generated by the |
| tessellation primitive generator, using a patch of incoming vertices and |
| their associated data. |
| Compilation units written in the OpenGL Shading Language to run on this processor are called |
| tessellation evaluation shaders. |
| When a set of tessellation evaluation shaders are successfully compiled and |
| linked, they result in a <em>tessellation evaluation shader executable</em> that |
| runs on the tessellation evaluation processor.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each invocation of the tessellation evaluation executable computes the |
| position and attributes of a single vertex generated by the tessellation |
| primitive generator. |
| The executable can read the attributes of any vertex in the input patch, |
| plus the tessellation coordinate, which is the relative location of the |
| vertex in the primitive being tessellated. |
| The executable writes the position and other attributes of the vertex.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="geometry-processor">2.4. Geometry Processor</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>geometry processor</em> is a programmable unit that operates on data for |
| incoming vertices for a primitive assembled after vertex processing and |
| outputs a sequence of vertices forming output primitives. |
| Compilation units written in the OpenGL Shading Language to run on this processor are called |
| <em>geometry shaders</em>. |
| When a set of geometry shaders are successfully compiled and linked, they |
| result in a <em>geometry shader executable</em> that runs on the geometry |
| processor.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A single invocation of the geometry shader executable on the geometry |
| processor will operate on a declared input primitive with a fixed number of |
| vertices. |
| This single invocation can emit a variable number of vertices that are |
| assembled into primitives of a declared output primitive type and passed to |
| subsequent pipeline stages.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="fragment-processor">2.5. Fragment Processor</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>fragment processor</em> is a programmable unit that operates on fragment |
| values and their associated data. |
| Compilation units written in the OpenGL Shading Language to run on this processor are called |
| <em>fragment shaders</em>. |
| When a set of fragment shaders are successfully compiled and linked, they |
| result in a <em>fragment shader executable</em> that runs on the fragment |
| processor.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A fragment shader cannot change a fragment’s (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>) position. |
| Access to neighboring fragments is not allowed. |
| The values computed by the fragment shader are ultimately used to update |
| framebuffer memory or texture memory, depending on the current API |
| state and the API command that caused the fragments to be generated.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="compute-processor">2.6. Compute Processor</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>compute processor</em> is a programmable unit that operates independently |
| from the other shader processors. |
| Compilation units written in the OpenGL Shading Language to run on this processor are called |
| <em>compute shaders</em>. |
| When a set of compute shaders are successfully compiled and linked, they |
| result in a <em>compute shader executable</em> that runs on the compute processor.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A compute shader has access to many of the same resources as fragment and |
| other shader processors, such as textures, buffers, image variables, and |
| atomic counters. |
| It does not have fixed-function outputs. |
| It is not part of the graphics pipeline and its visible side effects are |
| through changes to images, storage buffers, and atomic counters.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A compute shader operates on a group of work items called a <em>workgroup</em>. |
| A workgroup is a collection of shader invocations that execute the same |
| code, potentially in parallel. |
| An invocation within a workgroup may share data with other members of the |
| same workgroup through shared variables and issue memory and control flow |
| barriers to synchronize with other members of the same workgroup.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="basics">3. Basics</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="character-set">3.1. Character Set and Phases of Compilation</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The source character set used for the OpenGL Shading Language is Unicode in the UTF-8 |
| encoding scheme.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>After preprocessing, only the following characters are allowed in the |
| resulting stream of GLSL tokens:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>The letters <strong>a-z</strong>, <strong>A-Z</strong>, and the underscore (<strong>_</strong>).</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The numbers <strong>0-9</strong>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The symbols period (<strong>.</strong>), plus (<strong>+</strong>), dash (<strong>-</strong>), slash (<strong>/</strong>), asterisk |
| (<strong>*</strong>), percent (<strong>%</strong>), angled brackets (<strong><</strong> and <strong>></strong>), square brackets |
| (<strong>[</strong> and <strong>]</strong>), parentheses (<strong>(</strong> and <strong>)</strong>), braces (<strong>{</strong> and <strong>}</strong>), caret |
| (<strong>^</strong>), vertical bar (<strong>|</strong>), ampersand (<strong>&</strong>), tilde (<strong>~</strong>), equals (<strong>=</strong>), |
| exclamation point (<strong>!</strong>), colon (<strong>:</strong>), semicolon (<strong>;</strong>), comma (<strong>,</strong>), and |
| question mark (<strong>?</strong>).</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A compile-time error will be given if any other character is used in a GLSL |
| token.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There are no digraphs or trigraphs. |
| There are no escape sequences or other uses of the backslash beyond use as |
| the line-continuation character.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Lines are relevant for compiler diagnostic messages and the preprocessor. |
| They are terminated by carriage-return or line-feed. |
| If both are used together, it will count as only a single line termination. |
| For the remainder of this document, any of these combinations is simply |
| referred to as a new-line. |
| Lines may be of arbitrary length.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In general, the language’s use of this character set is case sensitive.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There are no character or string data types, so no quoting characters are |
| included.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There is no end-of-file character.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>More formally, compilation happens as if the following logical phases were |
| executed in order:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>Source strings are concatenated to form a single input. |
| All provided new-lines are retained.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Line numbering is noted, based on all present new-lines, and does not |
| change when new-lines are later eliminated.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Wherever a backslash ('\') occurs immediately before a new-line, both |
| are eliminated. |
| (Note no white space is substituted, allowing a single token to span a |
| new-line.) Any newly formed backslash followed by a new-line is not |
| eliminated; only those pairs originally occurring after phase 1 are |
| eliminated.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>All comments are replaced with a single space. |
| (Note that '//' style comments end before their terminating new-lines |
| and white space is generally relevant to preprocessing.)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Preprocessing is done, resulting in a sequence of GLSL tokens, formed |
| from the character set stated above.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>GLSL processing is done on the sequence of GLSL tokens.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Details that fully define source strings, comments, line numbering, new-line |
| elimination, and preprocessing are all discussed in upcoming sections. |
| Sections beyond those describe GLSL processing.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="source-strings">3.2. Source Strings</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The source for a single shader is an array of strings of characters from the |
| character set. |
| A single shader is made from the concatenation of these strings. |
| Each string can contain multiple lines, separated by new-lines. |
| No new-lines need be present in a string; a single line can be formed from |
| multiple strings. |
| No new-lines or other characters are inserted by the implementation when it |
| concatenates the strings to form a single shader. |
| Multiple shaders can be linked together to form a single program.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Diagnostic messages returned from compiling a shader must identify both the |
| line number within a string and which source string the message applies to. |
| Source strings are counted sequentially with the first string being string |
| 0. |
| Line numbers are one more than the number of new-lines that have been |
| processed, including counting the new-lines that will be removed by the |
| line-continuation character (<strong>\</strong>).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Lines separated by the line-continuation character preceding a new-line are |
| concatenated together before either comment processing or preprocessing. |
| This means that no white space is substituted for the line-continuation |
| character. |
| That is, a single token could be formed by the concatenation by taking the |
| characters at the end of one line concatenating them with the characters at |
| the beginning of the next line.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">float</span> f\ |
| oo; |
| <span class="comment">// forms a single line equivalent to "float foo;"</span> |
| <span class="comment">// (assuming '\' is the last character before the new-line and "oo" are</span> |
| <span class="comment">// the first two characters of the next line)</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="preprocessor">3.3. Preprocessor</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There is a preprocessor that processes the source strings as part of the |
| compilation process. |
| Except as noted below, it behaves as the C++ standard preprocessor (see |
| “<a href="#references">Normative References</a>”).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The complete list of preprocessor directives is as follows.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>#<br> |
| #define<br> |
| #undef<br></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>#if<br> |
| #ifdef<br> |
| #ifndef<br> |
| #else<br> |
| #elif<br> |
| #endif<br></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>#error<br> |
| #pragma<br></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>#extension<br> |
| #version<br></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>#line</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following |
| operators are |
| also available:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>defined<br> |
| ##</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each number sign (<strong>#</strong>) can be preceded in its line only by spaces or |
| horizontal tabs. |
| It may also be followed by spaces and horizontal tabs, preceding the |
| directive. |
| Each directive is terminated by a new-line. |
| Preprocessing does not change the number or relative location of new-lines |
| in a source string. |
| Preprocessing takes places after new-lines have been removed by the |
| line-continuation character.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The number sign (<strong>#</strong>) on a line by itself is ignored. |
| Any directive not listed above will cause a compile-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>#define</strong> and <strong>#undef</strong> functionality are defined as is standard for C++ |
| preprocessors for macro definitions both with and without macro parameters.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following predefined macros are available:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>__LINE__<br> |
| __FILE__<br> |
| __VERSION__<br></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>__LINE__ will substitute a decimal integer constant that is one more than |
| the number of preceding new-lines in the current source string.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>__FILE__ will substitute a decimal integer constant that says which source |
| string number is currently being processed.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>__VERSION__ will substitute a decimal integer reflecting the version |
| number of the OpenGL Shading Language. |
| The version of the shading language described in this document will have |
| __VERSION__ substitute the decimal integer 460.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>By convention, all macro names containing two consecutive underscores (__) |
| are reserved for use by underlying software layers. |
| Defining |
| or undefining |
| such a name in a shader does not itself result in an error, but may |
| result in unintended behaviors that stem from having multiple definitions of |
| the same name. |
| All macro names prefixed with “GL_” (“GL” followed by a single |
| underscore) are also reserved, and defining |
| or undefining |
| such a name results in a compile-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Implementations must support macro-name lengths of up to 1024 characters. |
| Implementations are allowed to generate an error for a macro name of length |
| greater than 1024 characters, but are also allowed to support lengths |
| greater than 1024.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>#if</strong>, <strong>#ifdef</strong>, <strong>#ifndef</strong>, <strong>#else</strong>, <strong>#elif</strong>, and <strong>#endif</strong> are defined to |
| operate as is standard for C++ preprocessors except for the following:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Expressions following <strong>#if</strong> and <strong>#elif</strong> are |
| further restricted to |
| expressions operating on literal integer constants, plus identifiers |
| consumed by the <strong>defined</strong> operator.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Character constants are not supported.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The operators available are as follows.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Precedence</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Operator class</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Operators</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Associativity</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">1 (highest)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">parenthetical grouping</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">( )</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">NA</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">unary</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">defined<br> |
| + - ~ !</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Right to Left</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">3</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">multiplicative</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">* / %</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">4</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">additive</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">+ -</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">5</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bit-wise shift</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><< >></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">6</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">relational</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">< > <= >=</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">7</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">equality</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">== !=</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">8</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bit-wise and</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">&</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">9</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bit-wise exclusive or</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">^</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">10</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bit-wise inclusive or</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">|</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">11</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">logical and</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">&&</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">12 (lowest)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">logical inclusive or</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">||</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>defined</strong> operator can be used in either of the following ways:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">defined identifier |
| defined ( identifier )</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Two tokens in a macro can be concatenated into one token using the token |
| pasting (<strong>##</strong>) operator, as is standard for C++ preprocessors. |
| The result must be a valid single token, which will then be subject to macro |
| expansion. |
| That is, macro expansion happens only after token pasting. |
| There are no other number sign based operators (e.g. no <strong>#</strong> or <strong>#@</strong>), nor is |
| there a <strong>sizeof</strong> operator.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The semantics of applying operators to integer literals in the preprocessor |
| match those standard in the C++ preprocessor, not those in the OpenGL Shading Language.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Preprocessor expressions will be evaluated according to the behavior of the |
| host processor, not the processor targeted by the shader.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>#error</strong> will cause the implementation to put a compile-time diagnostic message |
| into the shader object’s information log (see section 7.12 “Shader, Program |
| and Program Pipeline Queries” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a> for how to |
| access a shader object’s information log). |
| The message will be the tokens following the <strong>#error</strong> directive, up to the |
| first new-line. |
| The implementation must treat the presence of a <strong>#error</strong> directive as a |
| compile-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>#pragma</strong> allows implementation-dependent compiler control. |
| Tokens following <strong>#pragma</strong> are not subject to preprocessor macro expansion. |
| If an implementation does not recognize the tokens following <strong>#pragma</strong>, then |
| it will ignore that pragma. |
| The following pragmas are defined as part of the language.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="preprocessor">#pragma</span> STDGL</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>STDGL</strong> pragma is used to reserve pragmas for use by future revisions of |
| this language. |
| No implementation may use a pragma whose first token is <strong>STDGL</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="preprocessor">#pragma</span> optimize(on) |
| <span class="preprocessor">#pragma</span> optimize(off)</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>can be used to turn off optimizations as an aid in developing and debugging |
| shaders. |
| It can only be used outside function definitions. |
| By default, optimization is turned on for all shaders. |
| The debug pragma</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="preprocessor">#pragma</span> debug(on) |
| <span class="preprocessor">#pragma</span> debug(off)</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>can be used to enable compiling and annotating a shader with debug |
| information, so that it can be used with a debugger. |
| It can only be used outside function definitions. |
| By default, debug is turned off.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Shaders should declare the version of the language they are written to. |
| The language version a shader is written to is specified by</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="preprocessor">#version</span> number profile_opt</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>where <em>number</em> must be a version of the language, following the same |
| convention as __VERSION__ above. |
| The directive “<strong>#version 460</strong>” is required in any shader that |
| uses version 4.60 of the language. |
| Any <em>number</em> representing a version of the language a compiler does not |
| support will cause a compile-time error to be generated. |
| Version 1.10 of the language does not require shaders to include this |
| directive, and shaders that do not include a <strong>#version</strong> directive will be |
| treated as targeting version 1.10. |
| Shaders that specify <strong>#version</strong> 100 will be treated as targeting version |
| 1.00 of the OpenGL ES Shading Language. |
| Shaders that specify <strong>#version</strong> 300 will be treated as targeting version |
| 3.00 of the OpenGL ES Shading Language. |
| Shaders that specify <strong>#version</strong> 310 will be treated as targeting version |
| 3.10 of the OpenGL ES Shading Language.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the optional <em>profile</em> argument is provided, it must be the name of an |
| OpenGL profile. |
| Currently, there are three choices:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">core |
| compatibility |
| es</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A <em>profile</em> argument can only be used with version 150 or greater. |
| If no profile argument is provided and the version is 150 or greater, the |
| default is <strong>core</strong>. |
| If version 300 or 310 is specified, the profile argument is not optional and |
| must be <strong>es</strong>, or a compile-time error results. |
| The Language Specification for the <strong>es</strong> profile is specified in The OpenGL |
| ES Shading Language specification.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Shaders for the <strong>core</strong> or <strong>compatibility</strong> profiles that declare different |
| versions can be linked together. |
| However, <strong>es</strong> profile shaders cannot be linked with non-<strong>es</strong> profile shaders |
| or with <strong>es</strong> profile shaders of a different version, or a link-time error |
| will result. |
| When linking shaders of versions allowed by these rules, remaining link-time |
| errors will be given as per the linking rules in the GLSL version |
| corresponding to the version of the context the shaders are linked under. |
| Shader compile-time errors must still be given strictly based on the version |
| declared (or defaulted to) within each shader.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Unless otherwise specified, this specification is documenting the core |
| profile, and everything specified for the core profile is also available in |
| the compatibility profile. |
| Features specified as belonging specifically to the compatibility profile |
| are not available in the core profile. |
| Compatibility-profile features are not available when generating SPIR-V.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There is a built-in macro definition for each profile the implementation |
| supports. |
| All implementations provide the following macro:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="preprocessor">#define</span> GL_core_profile <span class="integer">1</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Implementations providing the <strong>compatibility</strong> profile provide the following |
| macro:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="preprocessor">#define</span> GL_compatibility_profile <span class="integer">1</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Implementations providing the <strong>es</strong> profile provide the following macro:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="preprocessor">#define</span> GL_es_profile <span class="integer">1</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>#version</strong> directive must occur in a shader before anything else, except |
| for comments and white space.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>By default, compilers of this language must issue compile-time |
| lexical |
| and |
| grammatical errors for shaders that do not conform to this specification. |
| Any extended behavior must first be enabled. |
| Directives to control the behavior of the compiler with respect to |
| extensions are declared with the <strong>#extension</strong> directive</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="preprocessor">#extension</span> extension_name : behavior |
| <span class="preprocessor">#extension</span> all : behavior</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>where <em>extension_name</em> is the name of an extension. |
| Extension names are not documented in this specification. |
| The token <strong>all</strong> means the behavior applies to all extensions supported by |
| the compiler. |
| The <em>behavior</em> can be one of the following:</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Behavior</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Effect</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>require</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Behave as specified by the extension <em>extension_name</em>.<br> |
| Give a compile-time error on the <strong>#extension</strong> if the extension |
| <em>extension_name</em> is not supported, or if <strong>all</strong> is specified.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>enable</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Behave as specified by the extension <em>extension_name</em>.<br> |
| Warn on the <strong>#extension</strong> if the extension <em>extension_name</em> is |
| not supported.<br> |
| Give a compile-time error on the <strong>#extension</strong> if <strong>all</strong> is |
| specified.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>warn</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Behave as specified by the extension <em>extension_name</em>, |
| except issue warnings on any detectable use of that extension, |
| unless such use is supported by other enabled or required |
| extensions.<br> |
| If <strong>all</strong> is specified, then warn on all detectable uses of any |
| extension used.<br> |
| Warn on the <strong>#extension</strong> if the extension <em>extension_name</em> is |
| not supported.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>disable</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Behave (including issuing errors and warnings) as if the |
| extension <em>extension_name</em> is not part of the language |
| definition.<br> |
| If <strong>all</strong> is specified, then behavior must revert back to that |
| of the non-extended core version of the language being |
| compiled to.<br> |
| Warn on the <strong>#extension</strong> if the extension <em>extension_name</em> is |
| not supported.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>extension</strong> directive is a simple, low-level mechanism to set the |
| behavior for each extension. |
| It does not define policies such as which combinations are appropriate, |
| those must be defined elsewhere. |
| Order of directives matters in setting the behavior for each extension: |
| Directives that occur later override those seen earlier. |
| The <strong>all</strong> variant sets the behavior for all extensions, overriding all |
| previously issued <strong>extension</strong> directives, but only for the <em>behaviors</em> |
| <strong>warn</strong> and <strong>disable</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The initial state of the compiler is as if the directive</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="preprocessor">#extension</span> all : disable</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>was issued, telling the compiler that all error and warning reporting must |
| be done according to this specification, ignoring any extensions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each extension can define its allowed granularity of scope. |
| If nothing is said, the granularity is a shader (that is, a single |
| compilation unit), and the extension directives must occur before any |
| non-preprocessor tokens. |
| If necessary, the linker can enforce granularities larger than a single |
| compilation unit, in which case each involved shader will have to contain |
| the necessary extension directive.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Macro expansion is not done on lines containing <strong>#extension</strong> and <strong>#version</strong> |
| directives.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>#line</strong> must have, after macro substitution, one of the following forms:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="preprocessor">#line</span> line |
| <span class="preprocessor">#line</span> line source-<span class="predefined-type">string</span>-number</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>where <em>line</em> and <em>source-string-number</em> are |
| constant integer expressions. |
| If these constant expressions are not integer literals then behavior is undefined. |
| After processing this directive (including its new-line), the implementation |
| will behave as if it is compiling at line number <em>line</em> and source string |
| number <em>source-string-number</em>. |
| Subsequent source strings will be numbered sequentially, until another |
| <strong>#line</strong> directive overrides that numbering.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| <div class="title">Note</div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Some implementations have allowed constant expressions in #line directives and |
| some have not. Even where expressions are supported the grammar is ambiguous and so |
| results are implementation dependent. For example, |
| + #line +2 +2 // Line number set to 4, or file to 2 and line to 2</p> |
| </div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When shaders are compiled for OpenGL SPIR-V, the following predefined |
| macro is available:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="preprocessor">#define</span> GL_SPIRV <span class="integer">100</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When targeting Vulkan, the following predefined macro is available:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="preprocessor">#define</span> VULKAN <span class="integer">100</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="comments">3.4. Comments</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Comments are delimited by <strong>/*</strong> and <strong>*/</strong>, or by <strong>//</strong> and a new-line. |
| The begin comment delimiters (/* or //) are not recognized as comment |
| delimiters inside of a comment, hence comments cannot be nested. |
| A <strong>/*</strong> comment includes its terminating delimiter (*/). |
| However, a <strong>//</strong> comment does not include (or eliminate) its terminating new |
| line.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Inside comments, any byte values may be used, except a byte whose value is |
| 0. |
| No errors will be given for the content of comments and no validation on the |
| content of comments need be done.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Removal of new-lines by the line-continuation character (<strong>\</strong>) logically |
| occurs before comments are processed. |
| That is, a single-line comment ending in the line-continuation character |
| (<strong>\</strong>) includes the next line in the comment.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">// a single-line comment containing the next line \ |
| a = b; // this is still in the first comment</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="tokens">3.5. Tokens</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The language, after preprocessing, is a sequence of tokens. |
| A token can be</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>token</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>keyword</em><br> |
| <em>identifier</em><br> |
| <em>integer-constant</em><br> |
| <em>floating-constant</em><br> |
| <em>operator</em><br> |
| <strong>;</strong> <strong>{</strong> <strong>}</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="keywords">3.6. Keywords</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following are the keywords in the language and (after |
| preprocessing) can only be used as described in this specification, |
| or a compile-time error results:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>const</strong> <strong>uniform</strong> <strong>buffer</strong> <strong>shared</strong> |
| <strong>attribute</strong> <strong>varying</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>coherent</strong> <strong>volatile</strong> <strong>restrict</strong> <strong>readonly</strong> <strong>writeonly</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>atomic_uint</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>layout</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>centroid</strong> <strong>flat</strong> <strong>smooth</strong> |
| <strong>noperspective</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>patch</strong> <strong>sample</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>invariant</strong> <strong>precise</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>break</strong> <strong>continue</strong> <strong>do</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>while</strong> <strong>switch</strong> <strong>case</strong> <strong>default</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>if</strong> <strong>else</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>subroutine</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>in</strong> <strong>out</strong> <strong>inout</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>int</strong> <strong>void</strong> <strong>bool</strong> <strong>true</strong> <strong>false</strong> <strong>float</strong> |
| <strong>double</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>discard</strong> <strong>return</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>vec2</strong> <strong>vec3</strong> <strong>vec4</strong> <strong>ivec2</strong> <strong>ivec3</strong> <strong>ivec4</strong> <strong>bvec2</strong> <strong>bvec3</strong> <strong>bvec4</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>uint</strong> <strong>uvec2</strong> <strong>uvec3</strong> <strong>uvec4</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>dvec2</strong> <strong>dvec3</strong> <strong>dvec4</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>mat2</strong> <strong>mat3</strong> <strong>mat4</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>mat2x2</strong> <strong>mat2x3</strong> <strong>mat2x4</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>mat3x2</strong> <strong>mat3x3</strong> <strong>mat3x4</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>mat4x2</strong> <strong>mat4x3</strong> <strong>mat4x4</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>dmat2</strong> <strong>dmat3</strong> <strong>dmat4</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>dmat2x2</strong> <strong>dmat2x3</strong> <strong>dmat2x4</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>dmat3x2</strong> <strong>dmat3x3</strong> <strong>dmat3x4</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>dmat4x2</strong> <strong>dmat4x3</strong> <strong>dmat4x4</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>lowp</strong> <strong>mediump</strong> <strong>highp</strong> <strong>precision</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>sampler1D</strong> <strong>sampler1DShadow</strong> <strong>sampler1DArray</strong> <strong>sampler1DArrayShadow</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>isampler1D</strong> <strong>isampler1DArray</strong> <strong>usampler1D</strong> <strong>usampler1DArray</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>sampler2D</strong> <strong>sampler2DShadow</strong> <strong>sampler2DArray</strong> <strong>sampler2DArrayShadow</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>isampler2D</strong> <strong>isampler2DArray</strong> <strong>usampler2D</strong> <strong>usampler2DArray</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>sampler2DRect</strong> <strong>sampler2DRectShadow</strong> <strong>isampler2DRect</strong> <strong>usampler2DRect</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>sampler2DMS</strong> <strong>isampler2DMS</strong> <strong>usampler2DMS</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>sampler2DMSArray</strong> <strong>isampler2DMSArray</strong> <strong>usampler2DMSArray</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>sampler3D</strong> <strong>isampler3D</strong> <strong>usampler3D</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>samplerCube</strong> <strong>samplerCubeShadow</strong> <strong>isamplerCube</strong> <strong>usamplerCube</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>samplerCubeArray</strong> <strong>samplerCubeArrayShadow</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>isamplerCubeArray</strong> <strong>usamplerCubeArray</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>samplerBuffer</strong> <strong>isamplerBuffer</strong> <strong>usamplerBuffer</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>image1D</strong> <strong>iimage1D</strong> <strong>uimage1D</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>image1DArray</strong> <strong>iimage1DArray</strong> <strong>uimage1DArray</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>image2D</strong> <strong>iimage2D</strong> <strong>uimage2D</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>image2DArray</strong> <strong>iimage2DArray</strong> <strong>uimage2DArray</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>image2DRect</strong> <strong>iimage2DRect</strong> <strong>uimage2DRect</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>image2DMS</strong> <strong>iimage2DMS</strong> <strong>uimage2DMS</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>image2DMSArray</strong> <strong>iimage2DMSArray</strong> <strong>uimage2DMSArray</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>image3D</strong> <strong>iimage3D</strong> <strong>uimage3D</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>imageCube</strong> <strong>iimageCube</strong> <strong>uimageCube</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>imageCubeArray</strong> <strong>iimageCubeArray</strong> <strong>uimageCubeArray</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>imageBuffer</strong> <strong>iimageBuffer</strong> <strong>uimageBuffer</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>struct</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In addition, when targeting Vulkan, the following keywords also exist:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>texture1D</strong> <strong>texture1DArray</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>itexture1D</strong> <strong>itexture1DArray</strong> <strong>utexture1D</strong> <strong>utexture1DArray</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>texture2D</strong> <strong>texture2DArray</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>itexture2D</strong> <strong>itexture2DArray</strong> <strong>utexture2D</strong> <strong>utexture2DArray</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>texture2DRect</strong> <strong>itexture2DRect</strong> <strong>utexture2DRect</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>texture2DMS</strong> <strong>itexture2DMS</strong> <strong>utexture2DMS</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>texture2DMSArray</strong> <strong>itexture2DMSArray</strong> <strong>utexture2DMSArray</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>texture3D</strong> <strong>itexture3D</strong> <strong>utexture3D</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>textureCube</strong> <strong>itextureCube</strong> <strong>utextureCube</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>textureCubeArray</strong> <strong>itextureCubeArray</strong> <strong>utextureCubeArray</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>textureBuffer</strong> <strong>itextureBuffer</strong> <strong>utextureBuffer</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>sampler</strong> <strong>samplerShadow</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>subpassInput</strong> <strong>isubpassInput</strong> <strong>usubpassInput</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>subpassInputMS</strong> <strong>isubpassInputMS</strong> <strong>usubpassInputMS</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following are the keywords reserved for future use. |
| Using them will result in a compile-time error:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>common</strong> <strong>partition</strong> <strong>active</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>asm</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>class</strong> <strong>union</strong> <strong>enum</strong> <strong>typedef</strong> <strong>template</strong> <strong>this</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>resource</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>goto</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>inline</strong> <strong>noinline</strong> <strong>public</strong> <strong>static</strong> <strong>extern</strong> <strong>external</strong> <strong>interface</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>long</strong> <strong>short</strong> <strong>half</strong> <strong>fixed</strong> <strong>unsigned</strong> <strong>superp</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>input</strong> <strong>output</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>hvec2</strong> <strong>hvec3</strong> <strong>hvec4</strong> <strong>fvec2</strong> <strong>fvec3</strong> <strong>fvec4</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>filter</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>sizeof</strong> <strong>cast</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>namespace</strong> <strong>using</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>sampler3DRect</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In addition, all identifiers containing two consecutive underscores (__) |
| are reserved for use by underlying software layers. |
| Defining such a name in a shader does not itself result in an error, but may |
| result in unintended behaviors that stem from having multiple definitions of |
| the same name.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="identifiers">3.7. Identifiers</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Identifiers are used for variable names, function names, structure names, |
| and field selectors (field selectors select components of |
| <code><a href="#vector-components">vectors</a></code> and <code><a href="#matrix-components">matrices</a></code>, |
| similarly to structure members). |
| Identifiers have the form:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>identifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>nondigit</em><br> |
| <em>identifier</em> <em>nondigit</em><br> |
| <em>identifier</em> <em>digit</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>nondigit</em> : one of </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>_</strong> <strong>a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z</strong><br> |
| <strong>A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>digit</em> : one of </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Identifiers starting with “gl_” are reserved, and |
| in general, may not be declared in a shader; |
| this results in a compile-time error. |
| However, as noted in the specification, there are some cases where |
| previously declared variables can be redeclared, and predeclared “gl_” |
| names are allowed to be redeclared in a shader only for these specific |
| purposes.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Implementations must support identifier lengths of up to 1024 characters. |
| Implementations are allowed to generate an error for an identifier of length |
| greater than 1024 characters, but are also allowed to support lengths |
| greater than 1024.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="definitions">3.8. Definitions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Some language rules described below depend on the following definitions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="static-use">3.8.1. Static Use</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A shader contains a <em>static use</em> of a variable <em>x</em> if, after preprocessing, |
| the shader contains a statement that would access any part of <em>x</em>, |
| whether or not flow of control will cause that statement to be executed. |
| Such a variable is referred to as being <em>statically used</em>. If the access is a |
| write then <em>x</em> is further said to be <em>statically assigned</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="dynamically-uniform-expressions-and-uniform-control-flow">3.8.2. Dynamically Uniform Expressions and Uniform Control Flow</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Some operations require an expression to be <em>dynamically uniform</em>, or that |
| it be located in <em>uniform control flow</em>. |
| These requirements are defined by the following set of definitions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An <em>invocation</em> is a single execution of <em>main()</em> for a particular stage, |
| operating only on the amount of data explicitly exposed within that stage’s |
| shaders. |
| (Any implicit operation on additional instances of data would comprise |
| additional invocations.) For example, in compute execution models, a single |
| invocation operates only on a single work item, or, in a vertex execution |
| model, a single invocation operates only on a single vertex.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An <em>invocation group</em> is the complete set of invocations collectively |
| processing a particular compute workgroup or graphical operation, where the |
| scope of a "graphical operation" is implementation-dependent, but at least |
| as large as a single triangle or patch, and at most as large as a single |
| rendering command, as defined by the client API.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Within a single invocation, a single shader statement can be executed |
| multiple times, giving multiple <em>dynamic instances</em> of that instruction. |
| This can happen when the instruction is executed in a loop, or in a function |
| called from multiple call sites, or combinations of multiple of these. |
| Different loop iterations and different dynamic function-call-site chains |
| yield different dynamic instances of such an instruction. |
| Dynamic instances are distinguished by their control-flow path within an |
| invocation, not by which invocation executed it. |
| That is, different invocations of <em>main()</em> execute the same dynamic |
| instances of an instruction when they follow the same control-flow path.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An expression is <em>dynamically uniform</em> for a dynamic instance consuming it |
| when its value is the same for all invocations (in the invocation group) |
| that execute that dynamic instance.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>Uniform control flow</em> (or converged control flow) occurs when all |
| invocations in the invocation group execute the same control-flow path (and |
| hence the same sequence of dynamic instances of instructions). |
| Uniform control flow is the initial state at the entry into <em>main()</em>, and |
| lasts until a conditional branch takes different control paths for different |
| invocations (non-uniform or divergent control flow). |
| Such divergence can reconverge, with all the invocations once again |
| executing the same control-flow path, and this re-establishes the existence |
| of uniform control flow. |
| If control flow is uniform upon entry into a selection or loop, and all |
| invocations in the invocation group subsequently leave that selection or |
| loop, then control flow reconverges to be uniform.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">main() |
| { |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> a = ...; <span class="comment">// this is uniform control flow</span> |
| <span class="keyword">if</span> (a < b) { <span class="comment">// this expression is true for some fragments, not all</span> |
| ...; <span class="comment">// non-uniform control flow</span> |
| } <span class="keyword">else</span> { |
| ...; <span class="comment">// non-uniform control flow</span> |
| } |
| ...; <span class="comment">// uniform control flow again</span> |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note that constant expressions are trivially dynamically uniform. |
| It follows that typical loop counters based on these are also dynamically |
| uniform.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="variables-and-types">4. Variables and Types</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All variables and functions must be declared before being used. |
| Variable and function names are identifiers.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There are no default types. |
| All variable and function declarations must have a declared type, and |
| optionally qualifiers. |
| A variable is declared by specifying its type followed by one or more names |
| separated by commas. |
| In many cases, a variable can be initialized as part of its declaration by |
| using the assignment operator (<strong>=</strong>).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>User-defined types may be defined using <strong>struct</strong> to aggregate a list of |
| existing types into a single name.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The OpenGL Shading Language is type safe. |
| There are some implicit conversions between types. |
| Exactly how and when this can occur is described in section |
| “<a href="#implicit-conversions">Implicit Conversions</a>” and as referenced by other |
| sections in this specification.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="basic-types">4.1. Basic Types</h3> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">Definition</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>A <em>basic type</em> is a type defined by a keyword in the language.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The OpenGL Shading Language supports the following basic data types, grouped as follows.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>Transparent Types</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Type</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Meaning</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>void</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">for functions that do not return a value</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>bool</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a conditional type, taking on values of true or false</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>int</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a signed integer</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>uint</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">an unsigned integer</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>float</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a single-precision floating-point scalar</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>double</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a double-precision floating-point scalar</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>vec2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a two-component single-precision floating-point vector</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>vec3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a three-component single-precision floating-point vector</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>vec4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a four-component single-precision floating-point vector</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dvec2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a two-component double-precision floating-point vector</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dvec3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a three-component double-precision floating-point vector</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dvec4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a four-component double-precision floating-point vector</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>bvec2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a two-component Boolean vector</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>bvec3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a three-component Boolean vector</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>bvec4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a four-component Boolean vector</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>ivec2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a two-component signed integer vector</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>ivec3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a three-component signed integer vector</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>ivec4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a four-component signed integer vector</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>uvec2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a two-component unsigned integer vector</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>uvec3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a three-component unsigned integer vector</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>uvec4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a four-component unsigned integer vector</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a 2 × 2 single-precision floating-point matrix</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a 3 × 3 single-precision floating-point matrix</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a 4 × 4 single-precision floating-point matrix</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat2x2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">same as a <strong>mat2</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat2x3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a single-precision floating-point matrix with 2 columns and 3 rows</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat2x4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a single-precision floating-point matrix with 2 columns and 4 rows</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat3x2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a single-precision floating-point matrix with 3 columns and 2 rows</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat3x3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">same as a <strong>mat3</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat3x4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a single-precision floating-point matrix with 3 columns and 4 rows</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat4x2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a single-precision floating-point matrix with 4 columns and 2 rows</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat4x3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a single-precision floating-point matrix with 4 columns and 3 rows</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat4x4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">same as a <strong>mat4</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a 2 × 2 double-precision floating-point matrix</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a 3 × 3 double-precision floating-point matrix</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a 4 × 4 double-precision floating-point matrix</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat2x2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">same as a <strong>dmat2</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat2x3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a double-precision floating-point matrix with 2 columns and 3 rows</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat2x4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a double-precision floating-point matrix with 2 columns and 4 rows</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat3x2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a double-precision floating-point matrix with 3 columns and 2 rows</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat3x3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">same as a <strong>dmat3</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat3x4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a double-precision floating-point matrix with 3 columns and 4 rows</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat4x2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a double-precision floating-point matrix with 4 columns and 2 rows</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat4x3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a double-precision floating-point matrix with 4 columns and 3 rows</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat4x4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">same as a <strong>dmat4</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note that where the following tables say “accessing a texture”, the |
| <strong>sampler*</strong> opaque types access textures, and the <strong>image*</strong> opaque types |
| access images, of a specified type.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>Floating-Point Opaque Types</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Type</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Meaning</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sampler1D</strong><br> |
| <strong>texture1D</strong><br> |
| <strong>image1D</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a 1D texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sampler1DShadow</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a 1D depth texture with comparison</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sampler1DArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>texture1DArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>image1DArray</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a 1D array texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sampler1DArrayShadow</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a 1D array depth texture with comparison</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sampler2D</strong><br> |
| <strong>texture2D</strong><br> |
| <strong>image2D</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a 2D texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sampler2DShadow</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a 2D depth texture with comparison</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sampler2DArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>texture2DArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>image2DArray</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a 2D array texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sampler2DArrayShadow</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a 2D array depth texture with comparison</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sampler2DMS</strong><br> |
| <strong>texture2DMS</strong><br> |
| <strong>image2DMS</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a 2D multisample texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sampler2DMSArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>texture2DMSArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>image2DMSArray</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a 2D multisample array texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sampler2DRect</strong><br> |
| <strong>texture2DRect</strong><br> |
| <strong>image2DRect</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a rectangle texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sampler2DRectShadow</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a rectangle texture with comparison</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sampler3D</strong><br> |
| <strong>texture3D</strong><br> |
| <strong>image3D</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a 3D texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>samplerCube</strong><br> |
| <strong>textureCube</strong><br> |
| <strong>imageCube</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a cube mapped texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>samplerCubeShadow</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a cube map depth texture with comparison</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>samplerCubeArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>textureCubeArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>imageCubeArray</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a cube map array texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>samplerCubeArrayShadow</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a cube map array depth texture with comparison</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>samplerBuffer</strong><br> |
| <strong>textureBuffer</strong><br> |
| <strong>imageBuffer</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a buffer texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>subpassInput</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a floating-point subpass input</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>subpassInputMS</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a multi-sampled floating-point subpass input</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>Signed Integer Opaque Types</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Type</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Meaning</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>isampler1D</strong><br> |
| <strong>itexture1D</strong><br> |
| <strong>iimage1D</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an integer 1D texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>isampler1DArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>itexture1DArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>iimage1DArray</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an integer 1D array texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>isampler2D</strong><br> |
| <strong>itexture2D</strong><br> |
| <strong>iimage2D</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an integer 2D texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>isampler2DArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>itexture2DArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>iimage2DArray</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an integer 2D array texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>isampler2DMS</strong><br> |
| <strong>itexture2DMS</strong><br> |
| <strong>iimage2DMS</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an integer 2D multisample texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>isampler2DMSArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>itexture2DMSArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>iimage2DMSArray</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an integer 2D multisample array texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>isampler2DRect</strong><br> |
| <strong>itexture2DRect</strong><br> |
| <strong>iimage2DRect</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an integer 2D rectangle texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>isampler3D</strong><br> |
| <strong>itexture3D</strong><br> |
| <strong>iimage3D</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an integer 3D texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>isamplerCube</strong><br> |
| <strong>itextureCube</strong><br> |
| <strong>iimageCube</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an integer cube mapped texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>isamplerCubeArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>itextureCubeArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>iimageCubeArray</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an integer cube map array texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>isamplerBuffer</strong><br> |
| <strong>itextureBuffer</strong><br> |
| <strong>iimageBuffer</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an integer buffer texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>isubpassInput</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an integer subpass input</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>isubpassInputMS</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a multi-sampled integer subpass input</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>Unsigned Integer Opaque Types</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Type</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Meaning</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>usampler1D</strong><br> |
| <strong>utexture1D</strong><br> |
| <strong>uimage1D</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an unsigned integer 1D texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>usampler1DArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>utexture1DArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>uimage1DArray</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an unsigned integer 1D array texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>usampler2D</strong><br> |
| <strong>utexture2D</strong><br> |
| <strong>uimage2D</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an unsigned integer 2D texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>usampler2DArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>utexture1DArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>uimage2DArray</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an unsigned integer 2D array texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>usampler2DMS</strong><br> |
| <strong>utexture2DMS</strong><br> |
| <strong>uimage2DMS</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an unsigned integer 2D multisample texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>usampler2DMSArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>utexture2DMSArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>uimage2DMSArray</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an unsigned integer 2D multisample array texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>usampler2DRect</strong><br> |
| <strong>utexture2DRect</strong><br> |
| <strong>uimage2DRect</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an unsigned integer rectangle texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>usampler3D</strong><br> |
| <strong>utexture3D</strong><br> |
| <strong>uimage3D</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an unsigned integer 3D texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>usamplerCube</strong><br> |
| <strong>utextureCube</strong><br> |
| <strong>uimageCube</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an unsigned integer cube mapped texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>usamplerCubeArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>utextureCubeArray</strong><br> |
| <strong>uimageCubeArray</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an unsigned integer cube map array texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>usamplerBuffer</strong><br> |
| <strong>utextureBuffer</strong><br> |
| <strong>uimageBuffer</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an unsigned integer buffer texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>atomic_uint</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an unsigned integer atomic counter</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>usubpassInput</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing an unsigned-integer subpass input</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>usubpassInputMS</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing a multi-sampled unsigned-integer subpass input</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>Sampler Opaque Types</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Type</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Meaning</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sampler</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing state describing how to sample a texture</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>samplerShadow</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a handle for accessing state describing how to sample a depth |
| texture with comparison</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In addition, a shader can aggregate these basic types using arrays and |
| structures to build more complex types.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There are no pointer types.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In this specification, an <em>aggregate</em> will mean a structure or array. |
| (Matrices and vectors are not by themselves aggregates.) Aggregates, |
| matrices, and vectors will collectively be referred to as <em>composites</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="void">4.1.1. Void</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Functions that do not return a value must be declared as <strong>void</strong>. |
| There is no default function return type. |
| The keyword <strong>void</strong> cannot be used in any other declarations (except for |
| empty formal or actual parameter lists), or a compile-time error results.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="booleans">4.1.2. Booleans</h4> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">Definition</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>A <em>boolean type</em> is any boolean scalar or vector type (<strong>bool</strong>, <strong>bvec2</strong>, |
| <strong>bvec3</strong>, <strong>bvec4</strong>)</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To make conditional execution of code easier to express, the type <strong>bool</strong> is |
| supported. |
| There is no expectation that hardware directly supports variables of this |
| type. |
| It is a genuine Boolean type, holding only one of two values meaning either |
| true or false. |
| Two keywords <strong>true</strong> and <strong>false</strong> can be used as literal Boolean constants. |
| Booleans are declared and optionally initialized as in the follow example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">bool</span> success; <span class="comment">// declare "success" to be a Boolean</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">bool</span> done = <span class="predefined-constant">false</span>; <span class="comment">// declare and initialize "done"</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Expressions used for conditional jumps (<strong>if</strong>, <strong>for</strong>, <strong>?:</strong>, <strong>while</strong>, |
| <strong>do</strong>-<strong>while</strong>) must evaluate to the type <strong>bool</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="integers">4.1.3. Integers</h4> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">Definitions</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>An <em>integral type</em> is any signed or unsigned, scalar or vector integer type. |
| It excludes arrays and structures.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>A <em>scalar integral type</em> is a scalar signed or unsigned integer type:</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>A <em>vector integral type</em> is a vector of signed or unsigned integers:</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Signed and unsigned integer variables are fully supported. |
| In this document, the term <em>integer</em> is meant to generally include both |
| signed and unsigned integers.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For OpenGL, unsigned integers have exactly 32 bits of precision. |
| When targeting Vulkan, <strong>highp</strong> |
| unsigned integers have exactly 32 bits of precision.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For OpenGL, signed integers use 32 bits, including a sign bit, in two’s complement form. |
| When targeting Vulkan, <strong>highp</strong> |
| signed integers use 32 bits, including a sign bit, in two’s complement form.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When targeting Vulkan, <strong>mediump</strong> and <strong>lowp</strong> integers are as defined by the |
| SPIR-V <strong>RelaxedPrecision</strong> decoration.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Addition, |
| subtraction and multiplication resulting in overflow or |
| underflow will result in the low-order |
| 32 |
| bits of the correct result R, where |
| R is computed with enough precision to avoid overflow or underflow. |
| Division resulting in overflow will result in an undefined value.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Integers are declared and optionally initialized with integer expressions, |
| as in the following example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">int</span> i, j = <span class="integer">42</span>; <span class="comment">// default integer literal type is int</span> |
| uint k = <span class="integer">3</span>u; <span class="comment">// "u" establishes the type as uint</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Literal integer constants can be expressed in decimal (base 10), octal (base |
| 8), or hexadecimal (base 16) as follows.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>integer-constant</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>decimal-constant</em> <em>integer-suffix<sub>opt</sub></em><br> |
| <em>octal-constant</em> <em>integer-suffix<sub>opt</sub></em><br> |
| <em>hexadecimal-constant</em> <em>integer-suffix<sub>opt</sub></em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>integer-suffix</em> : one of </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>u</strong> <strong>U</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>decimal-constant</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>nonzero-digit</em><br> |
| <em>decimal-constant</em> <em>digit</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>octal-constant</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>0</strong><br> |
| <em>octal-constant</em> <em>octal-digit</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>hexadecimal-constant</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>0x</strong> <em>hexadecimal-digit</em><br> |
| <strong>0X</strong> <em>hexadecimal-digit</em><br> |
| <em>hexadecimal-constant</em> <em>hexadecimal-digit</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>digit</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>0</strong><br> |
| <em>nonzero-digit</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>nonzero-digit</em> : one of </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>octal-digit</em> : one of </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>hexadecimal-digit</em> : one of </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9<br> |
| a b c d e f<br> |
| A B C D E F</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>No white space is allowed between the digits of an integer constant, |
| including after the leading <strong>0</strong> or after the leading <strong>0x</strong> or <strong>0X</strong> of a |
| constant, or before the suffix <strong>u</strong> or <strong>U</strong>. |
| When tokenizing, the maximal token matching the above will be recognized |
| before a new token is started. |
| When the suffix <strong>u</strong> or <strong>U</strong> is present, the literal has type <strong>uint</strong>, |
| otherwise the type is <strong>int</strong>. |
| A leading unary minus sign (-) is interpreted as an arithmetic unary |
| negation, not as part of the constant. |
| Hence, literals themselves are always expressed with non-negative syntax, |
| though they could result in a negative value.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time error to provide a literal integer whose bit pattern |
| cannot fit in 32 bits. |
| The bit pattern of the literal is always used unmodified. |
| So a signed literal whose bit pattern includes a set sign bit creates a |
| negative value.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="integer">1</span> <span class="comment">// OK. Signed integer, value 1</span> |
| <span class="integer">1</span>u <span class="comment">// OK. Unsigned integer, value 1</span> |
| -<span class="integer">1</span> <span class="comment">// OK. Unary minus applied to signed integer.</span> |
| <span class="comment">// result is a signed integer, value -1</span> |
| -<span class="integer">1</span>u <span class="comment">// OK. Unary minus applies to unsigned integer.</span> |
| <span class="comment">// Result is an unsigned integer, value 0xffffffff</span> |
| <span class="hex">0xA0000000</span> <span class="comment">// OK. 32-bit signed hexadecimal</span> |
| <span class="hex">0xABcdEF00</span>u <span class="comment">// OK. 32-bit unsigned hexadecimal</span> |
| <span class="hex">0xffffffff</span> <span class="comment">// OK. Signed integer, value -1</span> |
| <span class="hex">0x80000000</span> <span class="comment">// OK. Evaluates to -2147483648</span> |
| <span class="hex">0xffffffff</span>u <span class="comment">// OK. Unsigned integer, value 0xffffffff</span> |
| <span class="hex">0xfffffffff</span> <span class="comment">// Error: needs more than 32 bits</span> |
| <span class="integer">3000000000</span> <span class="comment">// OK. A signed decimal literal taking 32 bits.</span> |
| <span class="comment">// It evaluates to -1294967296</span> |
| <span class="integer">2147483648</span> <span class="comment">// OK. Evaluates to -2147483648 (the literal set the sign bit)</span> |
| <span class="integer">5000000000</span> <span class="comment">// Error: needs more than 32 bits</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="floats">4.1.4. Floats</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Single-precision and double-precision floating-point variables are available |
| for use in a variety of scalar calculations. |
| Generally, the term <em>floating-point</em> will refer to both single- and |
| double-precision floating-point. |
| Floating-point variables are defined as in the following examples:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">float</span> a, b = <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.5</span>; <span class="comment">// single-precision floating-point</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">double</span> c, d = <span class="float">2</span><span class="float">.0</span>LF; <span class="comment">// double-precision floating-point</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>As an input value to one of the processing units, a single-precision or |
| double-precision floating-point variable is expected to match the |
| corresponding IEEE 754 floating-point definition for precision and dynamic |
| range. |
| Floating-point variables within a shader are also encoded according to the |
| IEEE 754 specification for single-precision floating-point values</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>(logically, not necessarily physically). |
| While encodings are logically IEEE 754, operations (addition, |
| multiplication, etc.) are not necessarily performed as required by IEEE 754. |
| See “<a href="#range-and-precision">Range and Precision</a>” for more details on |
| precision and usage of NaNs (Not a Number) and Infs (positive or negative |
| infinities).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Floating-point constants are defined as follows.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>floating-constant</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>fractional-constant</em> <em>exponent-part<sub>opt</sub></em> <em>floating-suffix<sub>opt</sub></em><br> |
| <em>digit-sequence</em> <em>exponent-part</em> <em>floating-suffix<sub>opt</sub></em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>fractional-constant</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>digit-sequence</em> <strong>.</strong> <em>digit-sequence</em><br> |
| <em>digit-sequence</em> <strong>.</strong><br> |
| <strong>.</strong> <em>digit-sequence</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>exponent-part</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>e</strong> <em>sign<sub>opt</sub></em> <em>digit-sequence</em><br> |
| <strong>E</strong> <em>sign<sub>opt</sub></em> <em>digit-sequence</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>sign</em> : one of </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>+</strong> <strong>-</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>digit-sequence</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>digit</em><br> |
| <em>digit-sequence</em> <em>digit</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>floating-suffix</em> : one of </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p> <strong>f</strong> <strong>F</strong> |
| <strong>lf</strong> <strong>LF</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A decimal point (<strong>.</strong>) is not needed if the exponent part is present. |
| No white space may appear anywhere within a floating-point constant, |
| including before a suffix. |
| When tokenizing, the maximal token matching the above will be recognized |
| before a new token is started. |
| When the suffix "lf" or "LF" is present, the literal has type <strong>double</strong>. |
| Otherwise, the literal has type <strong>float</strong>. |
| A leading unary minus sign (<strong>-</strong>) is interpreted as a unary operator and is |
| not part of the floating-point constant.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="vectors">4.1.5. Vectors</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The OpenGL Shading Language includes data types for generic 2-, 3-, and 4-component vectors |
| of floating-point values, integers, and Booleans. |
| Floating-point vector variables can be used to store colors, normals, |
| positions, texture coordinates, texture lookup results and the like. |
| Boolean vectors can be used for component-wise comparisons of numeric |
| vectors. |
| Some examples of vector declarations are:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec2 texcoord1, texcoord2; |
| vec3 position; |
| vec4 myRGBA; |
| ivec2 textureLookup; |
| bvec3 less;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Initialization of vectors can be done with constructors. |
| See “<a href="#vector-and-matrix-constructors">Vector and Matrix Constructors</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="matrices">4.1.6. Matrices</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The OpenGL Shading Language has built-in types for 2 × 2, 2 × 3, 2 × 4, 3 |
| × 2, 3 × 3, 3 × 4, 4 × 2, 4 × 3, and 4 × |
| 4 matrices of floating-point numbers. |
| Matrix types beginning with "<strong>mat</strong>" have single-precision components while |
| matrix types beginning with "<strong>dmat</strong>" have double-precision components. |
| The first number in the type is the number of columns, the second is the |
| number of rows. |
| If there is only one number, the matrix is square. |
| Example matrix declarations:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">mat2 mat2D; |
| mat3 optMatrix; |
| mat4 view, projection; |
| mat4x4 view; <span class="comment">// an alternate way of declaring a mat4</span> |
| mat3x2 m; <span class="comment">// a matrix with 3 columns and 2 rows</span> |
| dmat4 highPrecisionMVP; |
| dmat2x4 dm;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Initialization of matrix values is done with constructors (described in |
| “<a href="#vector-and-matrix-constructors">Vector and Matrix Constructors</a>”) in |
| column-major order.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="opaque-types">4.1.7. Opaque Types</h4> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">Definition</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>An <em>opaque type</em> is a type where the internal structure of the type is |
| hidden from the language.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The opaque types, as listed in the following sections, declare variables |
| that are effectively opaque handles to other objects. |
| These objects are accessed through built-in functions, not through direct |
| reading or writing of the declared variable. |
| They can only be declared as function parameters or in <strong>uniform</strong>-qualified |
| variables (see “<a href="#uniform-variables">Uniform Variables</a>”). |
| The only opaque types that take memory qualifiers are the image types. |
| Except for array indexing, structure member selection, and parentheses, |
| opaque variables are not allowed to be operands in expressions; such use |
| results in a compile-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Opaque variables cannot be treated as l-values; hence cannot be used as |
| <strong>out</strong> or <strong>inout</strong> function parameters, nor can they be assigned into. |
| Any such use results in a compile-time error. |
| However, they can be passed as <strong>in</strong> parameters with matching types and |
| memory qualifiers. |
| They cannot be declared with an initializer.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Because a single opaque type declaration effectively declares two objects, |
| the opaque handle itself and the object it is a handle to, there is room for |
| both a storage qualifier and a memory qualifier. |
| The storage qualifier will qualify the opaque handle, while the memory |
| qualifier will qualify the object it is a handle to.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="samplers">Texture-Combined Samplers</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Texture-combined sampler types (e.g. <strong>sampler2D</strong>) are the sampler types |
| described in the Basic Types tables as handles for accessing textures. |
| (They do not include <strong>sampler</strong> and <strong>samplerShadow</strong>.) |
| There are distinct texture-combined sampler types for each texture target, |
| and for each of float, integer, and unsigned integer data types. |
| Texture accesses are done through built-in texture functions (described in |
| “<a href="#texture-functions">Texture Functions</a>”) and texture-combined samplers |
| are used to specify which texture to access and how it is to be filtered.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Texture-combined sampler types are opaque types, |
| declared and behaving as described above for opaque types. |
| When aggregated into arrays within a shader, they can only be indexed |
| with a dynamically uniform integral expression, otherwise results are |
| undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="images">Images</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Image types are opaque types, declared and behaving as described above for |
| opaque types. |
| They can be further qualified with memory qualifiers. |
| When aggregated into arrays within a shader, images can only be indexed with |
| a dynamically uniform integral expression, otherwise results are undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Image variables are handles to |
| one-, |
| two-, or three-dimensional images |
| corresponding to all or a portion of a single level of a texture image bound |
| to an image unit. |
| There are distinct image variable types for each texture target, and for |
| each of float, integer, and unsigned integer data types. |
| Image accesses should use an image type that matches the target of the |
| texture whose level is bound to the image unit, or for non-layered bindings |
| of 3D or array images should use the image type that matches the |
| dimensionality of the layer of the image (i.e., a layer of 3D, 2DArray, |
| Cube, or CubeArray should use |
| <strong>image2D</strong>, a layer of 1DArray should use <strong>image1D</strong>, and a layer of 2DMSArray |
| should use <strong>image2DMS</strong>). |
| If the image target type does not match the bound image in this manner, if |
| the data type does not match the bound image, or if the format layout |
| qualifier does not match the image unit format as described in section |
| 8.25 |
| “Texture Image Loads and Stores” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>, the |
| results of image accesses are undefined but cannot include program |
| termination.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Image variables are used in the image load, store, and atomic functions |
| described in “<a href="#image-functions">Image Functions</a>” to specify an image to |
| access.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="atomic-counters">Atomic Counters</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomic counter types (e.g. <strong>atomic_uint</strong>) are opaque handles to counters, |
| declared and behaving as described above for opaque types. |
| The variables they declare specify which counter to access when using the |
| built-in atomic counter functions as described in |
| “<a href="#atomic-counter-functions">Atomic Counter Functions</a>”. |
| They are bound to buffers as described in |
| “<a href="#atomic-counter-layout-qualifiers">Atomic Counter Layout Qualifiers</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomic counters aggregated into arrays within a shader can only be indexed |
| with dynamically uniform integral expressions, otherwise results are |
| undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Members of structures cannot be declared as atomic counter types.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomic counter types are not available when targeting Vulkan.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_texture_sampler_and_samplershadow_types">Texture, <strong>sampler</strong>, and <strong>samplerShadow</strong> Types</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Texture (e.g., <strong>texture2D</strong>), <strong>sampler</strong>, and <strong>samplerShadow</strong> types are opaque |
| types, declared and behaving as described above for opaque types. |
| These types are only available when targeting Vulkan. |
| When aggregated into arrays within a shader, these types can only be indexed |
| with a dynamically uniform expression, or texture lookup will result in |
| undefined values. |
| Texture variables are handles to one-, two-, and three-dimensional textures, |
| cube maps, etc., as enumerated in the basic types tables. |
| There are distinct texture types for each texture target, and for each of |
| float, integer, and unsigned integer data types. |
| Textures can be combined with a variable of type <strong>sampler</strong> or <strong>samplerShadow</strong> |
| to create a texture-combined sampler type (e.g., sampler2D, or sampler2DShadow). |
| This is done with a constructor, e.g., <code>sampler2D(texture2D, sampler)</code>, |
| <code>sampler2DShadow(texture2D, sampler)</code>, <code>sampler2DShadow(texture2D, samplerShadow)</code>, |
| or <code>sampler2D(texture2D, samplerShadow)</code> and is described in more detail |
| in section 5.4 "Constructors".</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_subpass_inputs">Subpass Inputs</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Subpass-input types are only available when targeting Vulkan.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Subpass-input types (e.g., <strong>subpassInput</strong>) are opaque types, declared |
| and behaving as described above for opaque types. |
| When aggregated into arrays within a shader, they can only be indexed with a |
| dynamically uniform integral expression, otherwise results are undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Subpass-input types are handles to two-dimensional single sampled or |
| multi-sampled images, with distinct types for each of float, integer, |
| and unsigned integer data types.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Subpass-input types are only available in fragment shaders. It is |
| a compile-time error to use them in any other stage.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="structures">4.1.8. Structures</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>User-defined types can be created by aggregating other already defined types |
| into a structure using the <strong>struct</strong> keyword. |
| For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="keyword">struct</span> light { |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> intensity; |
| vec3 position; |
| } lightVar;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In this example, <em>light</em> becomes the name of the new type, and <em>lightVar</em> |
| becomes a variable of type <em>light</em>. |
| To declare variables of the new type, use its name (without the keyword |
| <strong>struct</strong>).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">light lightVar2;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>More formally, structures are declared as follows. |
| However, the definitive grammar is as given in |
| “<a href="#shading-language-grammar">Shading Language Grammar</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>struct-definition</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>qualifier<sub>opt</sub></em> <strong>struct</strong> name<sub>opt</sub>_ <strong>{</strong> <em>member-list</em> <strong>}</strong> |
| <em>declarators<sub>opt</sub></em> <strong>;</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>member-list</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>member-declaration</em> <strong>;</strong><br> |
| <em>member-declaration</em> <em>member-list</em> <strong>;</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>member-declaration</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>basic-type</em> <em>declarators</em> <strong>;</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>where <em>name</em> becomes the user-defined type, and can be used to declare |
| variables to be of this new type. |
| The <em>name</em> shares the same name space as other variables, types, and |
| functions. |
| All previously visible variables, types, constructors, or functions with |
| that name are hidden. |
| The optional <em>qualifier</em> only applies to any <em>declarators</em>, and is not part |
| of the type being defined for <em>name</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Structures must have at least one member declaration. |
| Member declarators may contain precision qualifiers, but use of any other |
| qualifier results in a compile-time error. |
| Bit fields are not supported. |
| Member types must be already defined (there are no forward references). |
| A compile-time error results if a member declaration contains an |
| initializer. |
| Member declarators can contain arrays. |
| Such arrays must have a size specified, and the size must be a constant |
| integral expression that’s greater than zero (see |
| “<a href="#constant-expressions">Constant Expressions</a>”). |
| Each level of structure has its own name space for names given in member |
| declarators; such names need only be unique within that name space.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Anonymous structures are not supported. |
| Embedded structure definitions are not supported. |
| These result in compile-time errors.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="keyword">struct</span> S { <span class="predefined-type">float</span> f; }; <span class="comment">// Allowed: S is defined as a structure.</span> |
| |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> T { |
| S; <span class="comment">// Error: anonymous structures disallowed</span> |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> { ... }; <span class="comment">// Error: embedded structures disallowed</span> |
| S s; <span class="comment">// Allowed: nested structure with a name.</span> |
| };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Structures can be initialized at declaration time using constructors, as |
| discussed in “<a href="#structure-constructors">Structure Constructors</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Any restrictions on the usage of a type or qualifier also apply to any |
| structure that contains a member of that type or qualifier. |
| This also applies to structure members that are structures, recursively.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="arrays">4.1.9. Arrays</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Variables of the same type can be aggregated into arrays by declaring a name |
| followed by brackets (<strong>[ ]</strong>) enclosing an optional size. |
| When an array size is specified in a declaration, it must be an integral |
| constant expression (see “<a href="#constant-expressions">Constant Expressions</a>”) |
| greater than zero. |
| Except for the last declared member of a shader storage block (see section |
| “<a href="#interface-blocks">Interface Blocks</a>”), the size of an array must be |
| declared (<em>explicitly sized</em>) before it is indexed with anything other than |
| a constant integral expression. |
| The size of any array must be declared before passing it as an argument to a |
| function. |
| Violation of any of these rules result in compile-time errors. |
| It is legal to declare an array without a size (<em>unsized</em>) and then later |
| redeclare the same name as an array of the same type and specify a size, or |
| index it only with constant integral expressions (<em>implicitly sized</em>). |
| However, unless noted otherwise, blocks cannot be redeclared; an unsized |
| array member in a user-declared block cannot be sized by a block redeclaration. |
| It is a compile-time error to declare an array with a size, and then later |
| (in the same shader) index the same array with a constant integral |
| expression greater than or equal to the declared size. |
| It is a compile-time error to redeclare an unsized array with a size equal |
| to or smaller than any index used earlier in the shader to index the array. |
| It is also a compile-time error to index an array with a negative constant |
| expression. |
| Arrays declared as formal parameters in a function declaration must specify |
| a size. |
| Undefined behavior results from indexing an array with a non-constant |
| expression that’s greater than or equal to the array’s size or less than 0. |
| Arrays only have a single dimension (a single entry within "[ ]"), however, |
| arrays of arrays can be declared. |
| All types (basic types, structures, arrays) can be formed into an array.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All arrays are inherently homogeneous; made of elements all having the same |
| type and size, with one exception. |
| The exception is a shader storage block having an unsized array as its last |
| member (<em>run-time sized</em>); an array can be formed from such a shader storage |
| block, even if the storage blocks have differing lengths for their last |
| member.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Some examples are:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">float</span> frequencies[<span class="integer">3</span>]; |
| uniform vec4 lightPosition[<span class="integer">4</span>]; |
| light lights[]; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> numLights = <span class="integer">2</span>; |
| light lights[numLights]; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// a shader storage block, introduced in section 4.3.7 "Buffer Variables"</span> |
| buffer b { |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> u[]; <span class="comment">// an error, unless u gets statically sized by link time</span> |
| vec4 v[]; <span class="comment">// okay, v will be sized dynamically, if not statically</span> |
| } name[<span class="integer">3</span>]; <span class="comment">// when the block is arrayed, all u will be the same size,</span> |
| <span class="comment">// but not necessarily all v, if sized dynamically</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An array type can be formed by specifying non-array type followed by an |
| array specifier. |
| All dimensions of such an array specifier must include a size.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">float</span>[<span class="integer">5</span>] <span class="comment">// an array of size [5] of float</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span>[<span class="integer">2</span>][<span class="integer">3</span>] <span class="comment">// an array of size [2][3] of float, not size [3] of float[2]</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This type can be used anywhere any other type can be used, including as the |
| return value from a function</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">float</span>[<span class="integer">5</span>] foo() { }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>as a constructor of an array:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">float</span>[<span class="integer">5</span>](<span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.4</span>, <span class="float">4</span><span class="float">.2</span>, <span class="float">5</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">5</span><span class="float">.2</span>, <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.1</span>)</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>as an unnamed parameter:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="directive">void</span> foo(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>[<span class="integer">5</span>])</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>and as an alternate way of declaring a variable or function parameter:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">float</span>[<span class="integer">5</span>] a;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Arrays can have initializers formed from array constructors:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">float</span> a[<span class="integer">5</span>] = <span class="predefined-type">float</span>[<span class="integer">5</span>](<span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.4</span>, <span class="float">4</span><span class="float">.2</span>, <span class="float">5</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">5</span><span class="float">.2</span>, <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.1</span>); |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> a[<span class="integer">5</span>] = <span class="predefined-type">float</span>[](<span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.4</span>, <span class="float">4</span><span class="float">.2</span>, <span class="float">5</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">5</span><span class="float">.2</span>, <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.1</span>); <span class="comment">// same thing</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An array of arrays can be declared as:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4 a[<span class="integer">3</span>][<span class="integer">2</span>]; <span class="comment">// size-3 array of size-2 array of vec4</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>which declares a one-dimensional array of size 3 of one-dimensional arrays |
| of size 2 of <strong>vec4</strong>. |
| The following declarations do the same thing:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4[<span class="integer">2</span>] a[<span class="integer">3</span>]; <span class="comment">// size-3 array of size-2 array of vec4</span> |
| vec4[<span class="integer">3</span>][<span class="integer">2</span>] a; <span class="comment">// size-3 array of size-2 array of vec4</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When in transparent memory (like in a uniform block), the layout is that the |
| inner-most (right-most in declaration) dimensions iterate faster than the |
| outer dimensions. |
| That is, for the above, the order in memory would be:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>Low address : a[0][0] : a[0][1] : a[1][0] : a[1][1] : a[2][0] : a[2][1] |
| : High address</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The type of <em>a</em> needed for both constructors and nameless parameters is |
| “vec4[3][2]”:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4 b[<span class="integer">2</span>] = vec4[<span class="integer">2</span>](vec4(<span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>), vec4(<span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.1</span>)); |
| vec4[<span class="integer">3</span>][<span class="integer">2</span>] a = vec4[<span class="integer">3</span>][<span class="integer">2</span>](b, b, b); <span class="comment">// constructor</span> |
| <span class="directive">void</span> foo(vec4[<span class="integer">3</span>][<span class="integer">2</span>]); <span class="comment">// prototype with unnamed parameter</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Alternatively, the initializer-list syntax can be used to initialize an |
| array of arrays:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4 a[<span class="integer">3</span>][<span class="integer">2</span>] = { vec4[<span class="integer">2</span>](vec4(<span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>), vec4(<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>)), |
| vec4[<span class="integer">2</span>](vec4(<span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>), vec4(<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>)), |
| vec4[<span class="integer">2</span>](vec4(<span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>), vec4(<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>)) };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Unsized arrays can be explicitly sized by an initializer at declaration |
| time:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">float</span> a[<span class="integer">5</span>]; |
| ... |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> b[] = a; <span class="comment">// b is explicitly size 5</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> b[<span class="integer">5</span>] = a; <span class="comment">// means the same thing</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> b[] = <span class="predefined-type">float</span>[](<span class="integer">1</span>,<span class="integer">2</span>,<span class="integer">3</span>,<span class="integer">4</span>,<span class="integer">5</span>); <span class="comment">// also explicitly sizes to 5</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>However, it is a compile-time error to assign to an unsized array. |
| Note, this is a rare case that initializers and assignments appear to have |
| different semantics. |
| For arrays of arrays, any unsized dimension is explicitly sized by the |
| initializer:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4 a[][] = { vec4[<span class="integer">2</span>](vec4(<span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>), vec4(<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>)), <span class="comment">// okay, size to a[3][2]</span> |
| vec4[<span class="integer">2</span>](vec4(<span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>), vec4(<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>)), |
| vec4[<span class="integer">2</span>](vec4(<span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>), vec4(<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>)) };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Arrays know the number of elements they contain. |
| This can be obtained by using the <strong>length</strong>() method:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">float</span> a[<span class="integer">5</span>]; |
| a.length(); <span class="comment">// returns 5</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This returns a type <strong>int</strong>. |
| If an array has been explicitly sized, the value returned by the <strong>length</strong>() |
| method is a constant expression. |
| If an array has not been explicitly sized and is the last declared member of |
| a shader storage block, the value returned will not be a constant expression |
| and will be determined at runtime based on the size of the buffer object |
| providing storage for the block. |
| Such arrays are runtime sized. |
| For runtime-sized arrays, the value returned by the <strong>length</strong>() method will be |
| undefined if the array is contained in an array of shader storage blocks |
| that is indexed with a non-constant expression less than zero or greater |
| than or equal to the number of blocks in the array.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>length</strong>() method cannot be called on an array that is not runtime sized |
| and also has not yet been explicitly sized; |
| this results in a compile-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When the <strong>length</strong>() method returns a compile-time constant, the expression the |
| <strong>length</strong>() method is applied to cannot contain any side effects, such as writes |
| to l-values within the expression, or function calls that themselves have side |
| effects: only the compile-time constant length itself need be computed. |
| Behavior and results, including any compile-time error reporting, |
| are undefined if the expression contains other effects.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">float</span> a, b; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> s = <span class="predefined-type">float</span>[<span class="integer">2</span>](a=<span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.0</span>, ++b).length(); <span class="comment">// illegal side effects</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>length</strong>() method works equally well for arrays of arrays:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4 a[<span class="integer">3</span>][<span class="integer">2</span>]; |
| a.length() <span class="comment">// this is 3</span> |
| a[x].length() <span class="comment">// this is 2</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When the <strong>length</strong>() method returns a compile-time constant, the expression |
| in brackets (<em>x</em> above) will be parsed and subjected to the rules required for |
| array indices, but the array will not be dereferenced. |
| Thus, behavior is well defined even if the run-time value of the expression |
| is out of bounds, as long as the expression contains no side effects.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When the <strong>length</strong>() method returns a run-time value |
| (not a compile-time constant), the array will be |
| dereferenced. |
| E.g., if <em>x</em> is not a compile-time constant and is out of range, an undefined |
| value results. |
| More generally, all involved expressions are fully evaluated and executed.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">// for a compile time-sized array b containing a member array a:</span> |
| b[x+<span class="integer">3</span>].a.length(); <span class="comment">// b is never dereferenced, x+3 is evaluated and checked</span> |
| b[++x].a.length(); <span class="comment">// not allowed; results are undefined</span> |
| |
| <span class="comment">// for an array s of a shader storage object (run-time sized) containing a member array a:</span> |
| s[++x].a.length(); <span class="comment">// s is dereferenced; ++x needs to be a valid index</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For implicitly-sized or run-time-sized arrays, only the outer-most dimension |
| can be lacking a size. |
| A type that includes an unknown array size cannot be formed into an array |
| until it gets an explicit size, except for shader storage blocks where the |
| only unsized array member is the last member of the block.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In a shader storage block, the last member may be declared without an |
| explicit size. |
| In this case, the effective array size is inferred at run-time from the size |
| of the data store backing the interface block. |
| Such run-time-sized arrays may be indexed with general integer expressions. |
| However, it is a compile-time error to pass them as an argument to a |
| function or index them with a negative constant expression.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="implicit-conversions">4.1.10. Implicit Conversions</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In some situations, an expression and its type will be implicitly converted |
| to a different type. |
| The following table shows all allowed implicit conversions:</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Type of expression</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Can be implicitly converted to</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>int</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>uint</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>int</strong><br> |
| <strong>uint</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>float</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>int</strong><br> |
| <strong>uint</strong><br> |
| <strong>float</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>double</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>ivec2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>uvec2</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>ivec3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>uvec3</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>ivec4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>uvec4</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>ivec2</strong><br> |
| <strong>uvec2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>vec2</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>ivec3</strong><br> |
| <strong>uvec3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>vec3</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>ivec4</strong><br> |
| <strong>uvec4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>vec4</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>ivec2</strong><br> |
| <strong>uvec2</strong><br> |
| <strong>vec2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dvec2</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>ivec3</strong><br> |
| <strong>uvec3</strong><br> |
| <strong>vec3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dvec3</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>ivec4</strong><br> |
| <strong>uvec4</strong><br> |
| <strong>vec4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dvec4</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat2</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat3</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat4</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat2x3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat2x3</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat2x4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat2x4</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat3x2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat3x2</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat3x4</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat3x4</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat4x2</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat4x2</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mat4x3</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>dmat4x3</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There are no implicit array or structure conversions. |
| For example, an array of <strong>int</strong> cannot be implicitly converted to an array of |
| <strong>float</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When an implicit conversion is done, it is the same conversion that would be |
| done under explicit conversion, using a constructor. |
| The explicit conversions via constructors are described in |
| <a href="#conversion-and-scalar-constructors">Conversion and Scalar Constructors</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When performing implicit conversion for binary operators, there may be |
| multiple data types to which the two operands can be converted. |
| For example, when adding an <strong>int</strong> value to a <strong>uint</strong> value, both values can |
| be implicitly converted to <strong>uint</strong>, <strong>float</strong>, and <strong>double</strong>. |
| In such cases, a floating-point type is chosen if either operand has a |
| floating-point type. |
| Otherwise, an unsigned integer type is chosen if either operand has an |
| unsigned integer type. |
| Otherwise, a signed integer type is chosen. |
| If operands can be implicitly converted to multiple data types deriving from |
| the same base data type, the type with the smallest component size is used.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The conversions in the table above are done only as indicated by other |
| sections of this specification.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="initializers">4.1.11. Initializers</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>At declaration, an initial value for a variable may be provided, specified |
| as an equals (=) followed by an initializer. |
| The initializer is either an <em>assignment-expression</em> or a list of |
| initializers enclosed in curly braces. |
| The grammar for the initializer is:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>initializer</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>assignment-expression</em><br> |
| <strong>{</strong> <em>initializer-list</em> <strong>}</strong><br> |
| <strong>{</strong> <em>initializer-list</em> <strong>,</strong> <strong>}</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>initializer-list</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>initializer</em><br> |
| <em>initializer-list</em> , <em>initializer</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>assignment-expression</em> is a normal expression except that a comma (<strong>,</strong>) |
| outside parentheses is interpreted as the end of the initializer, not as the |
| sequence operator. |
| As explained in more detail below, this allows creation of nested |
| initializers: The variable type and its initializer must exactly match in |
| terms of nesting, number of components/elements/members present at each |
| level, and types of components/elements/members. |
| An <em>assignment-expression</em> at global scope can include calls to user-defined |
| functions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An <em>assignment-expression</em> in an initializer must be either the same type as |
| the object it initializes or be a type that can be converted to the object’s |
| type according to “<a href="#implicit-conversions">Implicit Conversions</a>”. |
| Since these include constructors, a composite variable can be initialized by |
| either a constructor or an initializer list; and an element in an |
| initializer list can be a constructor.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If an initializer is a list of initializers enclosed in curly braces, the |
| variable being declared must be a vector, a matrix, an array, or a |
| structure.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">int</span> i = { <span class="integer">1</span> }; <span class="comment">// illegal, i is not a composite</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A list of initializers enclosed in a matching set of curly braces is applied |
| to one composite. |
| This may be the variable being declared or a composite contained in the |
| variable being declared. |
| Individual initializers from the initializer list are applied to the |
| elements/members of the composite, in order.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the composite has a vector type, initializers from the list are applied |
| to the components of the vector, in order, starting with component 0. |
| The number of initializers must match the number of components.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the composite has a matrix type, initializers from the list must be |
| vector initializers and are applied to the columns of the matrix, in order, |
| starting with column 0. |
| The number of initializers must match the number of columns.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the composite has a structure type, initializers from the list are |
| applied to the members of the structure, in the order declared in the |
| structure, starting with the first member. |
| The number of initializers must match the number of members.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Applying these rules, the following matrix declarations are equivalent:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">mat2x2 a = mat2( vec2( <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span> ), vec2( <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span> ) ); |
| mat2x2 b = { vec2( <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span> ), vec2( <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span> ) }; |
| mat2x2 c = { { <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span> }, { <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span> } };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All of the following declarations result in a compile-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">float</span> a[<span class="integer">2</span>] = { <span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.4</span>, <span class="float">4</span><span class="float">.2</span>, <span class="float">5</span><span class="float">.0</span> }; <span class="comment">// illegal</span> |
| vec2 b = { <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">2</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.0</span> }; <span class="comment">// illegal</span> |
| mat3x3 c = { vec3(<span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>), vec3(<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>), vec3(<span class="float">2</span><span class="float">.0</span>), vec3(<span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.0</span>) }; <span class="comment">// illegal</span> |
| mat2x2 d = { <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span> }; <span class="comment">// illegal, can't flatten nesting</span> |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> { |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> a; |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> b; |
| } e = { <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.2</span>, <span class="integer">2</span>, <span class="integer">3</span> }; <span class="comment">// illegal</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In all cases, the inner-most initializer (i.e., not a list of initializers |
| enclosed in curly braces) applied to an object must have the same type as |
| the object being initialized or be a type that can be converted to the |
| object’s type according to “<a href="#implicit-conversions">Implicit |
| Conversions</a>”. |
| In the latter case, an implicit conversion will be done on the initializer |
| before the assignment is done.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="keyword">struct</span> { |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> a; |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> b; |
| } e = { <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.2</span>, <span class="integer">2</span> }; <span class="comment">// legal, all types match</span> |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> { |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> a; |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> b; |
| } e = { <span class="integer">1</span>, <span class="integer">3</span> }; <span class="comment">// legal, first initializer is converted</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All of the following declarations result in a compile-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">int</span> a = <span class="predefined-constant">true</span>; <span class="comment">// illegal</span> |
| vec4 b[<span class="integer">2</span>] = { vec4(<span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>), <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span> }; <span class="comment">// illegal</span> |
| mat4x2 c = { vec3(<span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>), vec3(<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>) }; <span class="comment">// illegal</span> |
| |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> S1 { |
| vec4 a; |
| vec4 b; |
| }; |
| |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> { |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> s; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> t; |
| } d[] = { S1(vec4(<span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>), vec4(<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.1</span>)) }; <span class="comment">// illegal</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If an initializer (of either form) is provided for an unsized array, the |
| size of the array is determined by the number of top-level (non-nested) |
| initializers within the initializer. |
| All of the following declarations create arrays explicitly sized with five |
| elements:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">float</span> a[] = <span class="predefined-type">float</span>[](<span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.4</span>, <span class="float">4</span><span class="float">.2</span>, <span class="float">5</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">5</span><span class="float">.2</span>, <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.1</span>); |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> b[] = { <span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.4</span>, <span class="float">4</span><span class="float">.2</span>, <span class="float">5</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">5</span><span class="float">.2</span>, <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.1</span> }; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> c[] = a; <span class="comment">// c is explicitly size 5</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> d[<span class="integer">5</span>] = b; <span class="comment">// means the same thing</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time error to have too few or too many initializers in an |
| initializer list for the composite being initialized. |
| That is, all elements of an array, all members of a structure, all columns |
| of a matrix, and all components of a vector must have exactly one |
| initializer expression present, with no unconsumed initializers.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="scoping">4.2. Scoping</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The scope of a variable is determined by where it is declared. |
| If it is declared outside all function definitions, it has global scope, |
| which starts from where it is declared and persists to the end of the shader |
| it is declared in. |
| If it is declared in a <strong>while</strong> test or a <strong>for</strong> statement, then it is scoped |
| to the end of the following sub-statement. |
| If it is declared in an <strong>if</strong> or <strong>else</strong> statement, it is scoped to the end of |
| that statement. |
| (See “<a href="#selection">Selection</a>” and “<a href="#iteration">Iteration</a>” for the |
| location of statements and sub-statements.) Otherwise, if it is declared as |
| a statement within a compound statement, it is scoped to the end of that |
| compound statement. |
| If it is declared as a parameter in a function definition, it is scoped |
| until the end of that function definition. |
| A function’s parameter declarations and body together form a single scope |
| nested in the global scope. |
| The <strong>if</strong> statement’s expression does not allow new variables to be declared, |
| hence does not form a new scope.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Within a declaration, the scope of a name starts immediately after the |
| initializer if present or immediately after the name being declared if not. |
| Several examples:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">int</span> x = <span class="integer">1</span>; |
| { |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> x = <span class="integer">2</span>, y = x; <span class="comment">// y is initialized to 2</span> |
| } |
| |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> S |
| { |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> x; |
| }; |
| |
| { |
| S S = S(<span class="integer">0</span>); <span class="comment">// 'S' is only visible as a struct and constructor</span> |
| S; <span class="comment">// 'S' is now visible as a variable</span> |
| } |
| |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> x = x; <span class="comment">// Error if x has not been previously defined.</span> |
| <span class="comment">// If the previous definition of x was in this</span> |
| <span class="comment">// same scope, this causes a redeclaration error.</span> |
| |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> f( <span class="comment">/* nested scope begins here */</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> k) |
| { |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> k = k + <span class="integer">3</span>; <span class="comment">// redeclaration error of the name k</span> |
| ... |
| } |
| |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> f(<span class="predefined-type">int</span> k) |
| { |
| { |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> k = k + <span class="integer">3</span>; <span class="comment">// 2nd k is parameter, initializing nested first k</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> m = k; <span class="comment">// use of new k, which is hiding the parameter</span> |
| } |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For both <strong>for</strong> and <strong>while</strong> loops, the sub-statement itself does not |
| introduce a new scope for variable names, so the following has a |
| redeclaration compile-time error:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="keyword">for</span> ( <span class="comment">/* nested scope begins here */</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> i = <span class="integer">0</span>; i < <span class="integer">10</span>; i++) { |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> i; <span class="comment">// redeclaration error</span> |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The body of a <strong>do</strong>-<strong>while</strong> loop introduces a new scope lasting only between |
| the <strong>do</strong> and <strong>while</strong> (not including the while test expression), whether or |
| not the body is simple or compound:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">int</span> i = <span class="integer">17</span>; |
| <span class="keyword">do</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> i = <span class="integer">4</span>; <span class="comment">// okay, in nested scope_</span> |
| <span class="keyword">while</span> (i == <span class="integer">0</span>); <span class="comment">// i is 17, scoped outside the do-while body</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The statement following a <strong>switch</strong> (…​) forms a nested scope.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All variable names, structure type names, and function names in a given |
| scope share the same name space. |
| Function names can be redeclared in the same scope, with the same or |
| different parameters, without error. |
| An implicitly-sized array can be redeclared in the same scope as an array of |
| the same base type. |
| Otherwise, within one compilation unit, a declared name cannot be redeclared |
| in the same scope; doing so results in a redeclaration compile-time error. |
| If a nested scope redeclares a name used in an outer scope, it hides all |
| existing uses of that name. |
| There is no way to access the hidden name or make it unhidden, without |
| exiting the scope that hid it.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The built-in functions are scoped in a scope outside the global scope that |
| users declare global variables in. |
| That is, a shader’s global scope, available for user-defined functions and |
| global variables, is nested inside the scope containing the built-in |
| functions. |
| When a function name is redeclared in a nested scope, it hides all functions |
| declared with that name in the outer scope. |
| Function declarations (prototypes) cannot occur inside of functions; they |
| must be at global scope, or for the built-in functions, outside the global |
| scope, otherwise a compile-time error results.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Shared globals are global variables declared with the same name in |
| independently compiled units (shaders) within the same language (i.e., same |
| stage, e.g. vertex) that are linked together when making a single program. |
| (Globals forming the interface between two different shader languages are |
| discussed in other sections.) Shared globals share the same name space, and |
| must be declared with the same type. |
| They will share the same storage.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Shared global arrays must have the same base type and the same explicit |
| size. |
| An array implicitly sized in one shader can be explicitly sized by another |
| shader in the same stage. |
| If no shader in a stage has an explicit size for the array, the largest |
| implicit size (one more than the largest index used) in that stage is used. |
| There is no cross-stage array sizing. |
| If there is no static access to an implicitly sized array within the stage |
| declaring it, then the array is given a size of 1, which is relevant when |
| the array is declared within an interface block that is shared with other |
| stages or the application (other unused arrays might be eliminated by the |
| optimizer).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Shared global scalars must have exactly the same type name and type |
| definition. |
| Structures must have the same name, sequence of type names, and type |
| definitions, and member names to be considered the same type. |
| This rule applies recursively for nested or embedded types. |
| If a shared global has multiple initializers, the initializers must all be |
| constant expressions, and they must all have the same value. |
| Otherwise, a link-time error will result. |
| (A shared global having only one initializer does not require that |
| initializer to be a constant expression.)</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="storage-qualifiers">4.3. Storage Qualifiers</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Variable declarations may have at most one storage qualifier specified in |
| front of the type. |
| These are summarized as</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Storage Qualifier</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Meaning</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><none: default></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">local read/write memory, or an input parameter to a |
| function</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>const</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">a variable whose value cannot be changed</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>in</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">linkage into a shader from a previous stage, variable |
| is copied in</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>out</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">linkage out of a shader to a subsequent stage, |
| variable is copied out</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>attribute</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">compatibility profile only and vertex language only; |
| same as <strong>in</strong> when in a vertex shader</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>uniform</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">value does not change across the primitive being |
| processed, uniforms form the linkage between a shader, |
| API, and the application</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>varying</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">compatibility profile only and vertex and fragment |
| languages only; same as <strong>out</strong> when in a vertex shader |
| and same as <strong>in</strong> when in a fragment shader</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>buffer</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">value is stored in a buffer object, and can be read or |
| written both by shader invocations and the API</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>shared</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">compute shader only; variable storage is shared across |
| all work items in a workgroup</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Some input and output qualified variables can be qualified with at most one |
| additional auxiliary storage qualifier:</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Auxiliary Storage Qualifier</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Meaning</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>centroid</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">centroid-based interpolation</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sample</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">per-sample interpolation</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>patch</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">per-tessellation-patch attributes</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Not all combinations of qualification are allowed. |
| Auxiliary storage qualifiers can only be used with the <strong>in</strong> or <strong>out</strong> storage |
| qualifiers. |
| Additional qualifier rules are defined in upcoming sections.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Local variables can only use the <strong>const</strong> storage qualifier (or use no |
| storage qualifier).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note that function parameters can use <strong>const</strong>, <strong>in</strong>, and <strong>out</strong> qualifiers, |
| but as <em>parameter qualifiers</em>. |
| Parameter qualifiers are discussed in |
| “<a href="#function-calling-conventions">Function Calling Conventions</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Function return types and structure members do not use storage qualifiers.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Initializers in global declarations may only be used in declarations of |
| global variables with no storage qualifier, with a <strong>const</strong> qualifier, or |
| with a <strong>uniform</strong> qualifier.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Global variables without storage qualifiers that are not initialized in |
| their declaration or by the application will not be initialized, |
| but rather will enter <em>main()</em> with undefined values.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When comparing an output from one shader stage to an input of a subsequent |
| shader stage, the input and output don’t match if their auxiliary qualifiers |
| (or lack thereof) are not the same.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="default-storage-qualifier">4.3.1. Default Storage Qualifier</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If no qualifier is present on a global variable, then the variable has no |
| linkage to the application or shaders running on other pipeline stages. |
| For either global or local unqualified variables, the declaration will |
| appear to allocate memory associated with the processor it targets. |
| This variable will provide read/write access to this allocated memory.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="constant-qualifier">4.3.2. Constant Qualifier</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Named compile-time constants |
| or read-only variables |
| can be declared using |
| the <strong>const</strong> qualifier. |
| The <strong>const</strong> qualifier can be used with any of the non-void transparent basic |
| data types, as well as with structures and arrays of these. |
| It is a compile-time error to write to a <strong>const</strong> variable outside of its |
| declaration, so they must be initialized when declared. |
| For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="directive">const</span> vec3 zAxis = vec3 (<span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>); |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">float</span> ceiling = a + b; <span class="comment">// a and b not necessarily constants</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Structure members may not be qualified with <strong>const</strong>. |
| Structure variables can be declared as <strong>const</strong>, and initialized with a |
| structure |
| constructor or initializer.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Initializers for <strong>const</strong> declarations |
| at global scope |
| must be constant expressions, as defined in |
| “<a href="#constant-expressions">Constant Expressions</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="constant-expressions">4.3.3. Constant Expressions</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>SPIR-V specialization constants are expressed in GLSL as <strong>const</strong> with the |
| layout qualifier <strong>constant_id</strong>, as described in |
| “<a href="#specialization-constant-qualifier">Specialization-Constant |
| Qualifier.</a>”</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A <em>constant expression</em> is one of</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>A literal value (e.g. <strong>5</strong> or <strong>true</strong>).</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A variable declared with the <strong>const</strong> qualifier and an initializer, where |
| the initializer is a constant expression. |
| This includes both <strong>const</strong> declared with a specialization-constant |
| layout qualifier, e.g. <strong>layout</strong>(<strong>constant_id</strong> = …​), and those declared |
| without a specialization-constant layout qualifier.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Built-in variables qualified as <strong>const</strong>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>An expression formed by an operator on operands that are all constant |
| expressions, including getting an element of a constant array, or a |
| member of a constant structure, or components of a constant vector. |
| However, the lowest precedence operators of the sequence operator (<strong>,</strong>) |
| and the assignment operators (<strong>=</strong>, <strong>+=</strong>, <strong>…​</strong>) are not included in the |
| operators that can create a constant expression. |
| Also, an array access with a specialization constant as an index does |
| not result in a constant expression.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Valid use of the <strong>length</strong>() method on an explicitly sized object, |
| whether or not the object itself is constant (implicitly sized or |
| run-time sized arrays do not return a constant expression).</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A constructor whose arguments are all constant expressions.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>For non-specialization constants only: The value returned by certain |
| built-in function calls whose arguments are all constant expressions, |
| including at least the list below. |
| Any other built-in function that does not access memory (not the texture |
| lookup functions, image access, atomic counter, etc.), that has a |
| non-<strong>void</strong> return type, that has no <strong>out</strong> parameter, and is not a noise |
| function might also be considered a constant. |
| When a function is called with an argument that is a specialization |
| constant, the result is not a constant expression.</p> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Angle and Trigonometric Functions</p> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>radians</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>degrees</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>sin</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>cos</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>asin</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>acos</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Exponential Functions</p> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>pow</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>exp</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>log</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>exp2</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>log2</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>sqrt</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>inversesqrt</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Common Functions</p> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>abs</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>sign</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>floor</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>trunc</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>round</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>ceil</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>mod</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>min</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>max</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>clamp</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Geometric Functions</p> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>length</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>dot</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>normalize</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Function calls to user-defined functions (non-built-in functions) cannot |
| be used to form constant expressions.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A <em>constant integral expression</em> is a constant expression that evaluates to |
| a scalar signed or unsigned integer.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Constant expressions will be evaluated in an invariant way so as to create |
| the same value in multiple shaders when the same constant expressions appear |
| in those shaders. |
| See “<a href="#the-invariant-qualifier">The Invariant Qualifier</a>” for more details |
| on how to create invariant expressions and |
| “<a href="#precision-qualifiers">Precision Qualifiers</a>” for detail on how |
| expressions are evaluated.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Constant expressions respect the <strong>precise</strong> and <strong>invariant</strong> qualifiers but |
| will be always be evaluated in an invariant way, independent of the use of |
| such qualification, so as to create the same value in multiple shaders when |
| the same constant expressions appear in those shaders. |
| See “<a href="#the-invariant-qualifier">The Invariant Qualifier</a>” and |
| “<a href="#the-precise-qualifier">The Precise Qualifier</a>” for more details on how |
| to create invariant expressions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Constant-expressions may be evaluated by a |
| host platform, and are therefore not required to compute the same value that |
| the same expression would evaluate to on the shader execution target. |
| However, the host must use the same or greater precision than the target |
| would use. |
| When the precision qualification cannot be determined, the expression is |
| evaluated at <strong>highp</strong>. |
| See “<a href="#default-precision-qualifiers">Default Precision Qualifiers</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Specialization-constant expressions are never evaluated by the compiler |
| front end, but instead retain the expression’s operations needed to evaluate |
| them later on the host.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="input-variables">4.3.4. Input Variables</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Shader input variables are declared with the <strong>in</strong> storage qualifier. |
| They form the input interface between previous stages of the API |
| pipeline and the declaring shader. |
| Input variables must be declared at global scope. |
| Values from the previous pipeline stage are copied into input variables at |
| the beginning of shader execution. |
| It is a compile-time error to write to a variable declared as an input.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Only the input variables that are |
| statically |
| read need to be written by the |
| previous stage; it is allowed to have superfluous declarations of input |
| variables. |
| This is shown in the following table.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all fit-content"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col> |
| <col> |
| <col> |
| <col> |
| <col> |
| </colgroup> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><p class="tableblock">Treatment of Mismatched Input Variables</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" colspan="3"><p class="tableblock">Consuming Shader (input variables)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">No Declaration</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Declared but no Static Use</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Declared and Static Use</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" rowspan="3"><p class="tableblock">Generating Shader (output variables)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">No Declaration</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Allowed</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Allowed</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Link-Time Error</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Declared but no Static Use</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Allowed</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Allowed</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Allowed (values are undefined)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Declared and Static Use</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Allowed</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Allowed</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Allowed (values are potentially undefined)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Consumption errors are based on static use only. |
| Compilation may generate a warning, but not an error, for any dynamic use |
| the compiler can deduce that might cause consumption of undefined values.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>See “<a href="#built-in-variables">Built-In Variables</a>” for a list of the built-in |
| input names.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Vertex shader input variables (or attributes) receive per-vertex data. |
| It is a compile-time error to use auxiliary storage or interpolation qualifiers |
| on a vertex shader input. |
| The values copied in are established by the API or through the use |
| of the layout identifier <strong>location</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time error to declare a vertex shader input with, or that |
| contains, any of the following types:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>A <a href="#booleans">boolean type</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>An <a href="#opaque-types">opaque type</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A structure</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Example declarations in a vertex shader:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in vec4 position; |
| in vec3 normal; |
| in vec2 texCoord[<span class="integer">4</span>];</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is expected that graphics hardware will have a small number of fixed |
| vector locations for passing vertex inputs. |
| Therefore, the OpenGL Shading Language defines each non-matrix input variable as taking up |
| one such vector location. |
| There is an implementation-dependent limit on the number of locations that |
| can be used, and if this is exceeded it will cause a link-time error. |
| (Declared input variables that are not statically used do not count against |
| this limit.) A scalar input counts the same amount against this limit as a |
| <strong>vec4</strong>, so applications may want to consider packing groups of four |
| unrelated float inputs together into a vector to better utilize the |
| capabilities of the underlying hardware. |
| A matrix input will use up multiple locations. |
| The number of locations used will equal the number of columns in the matrix.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Tessellation control, evaluation, and geometry shader input variables get |
| the per-vertex values written out by output variables of the same names in |
| the previous active shader stage. |
| For these inputs, <strong>centroid</strong> and interpolation qualifiers are allowed, but |
| have no effect. |
| Since tessellation control, tessellation evaluation, and geometry shaders |
| operate on a set of vertices, each input variable (or input block, see |
| interface blocks below) needs to be declared as an array. |
| For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in <span class="predefined-type">float</span> foo[]; <span class="comment">// geometry shader input for vertex "out float foo"</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each element of such an array corresponds to one vertex of the primitive |
| being processed. |
| Each array can optionally have a size declared. |
| For geometry shaders, the array size will be set by, (or if provided must be |
| consistent with) the input <strong>layout</strong> declaration(s) establishing the type of |
| input primitive, as described later in “<a href="#input-layout-qualifiers">Input |
| Layout Qualifiers</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Some inputs and outputs are <em>arrayed</em>, meaning that for an interface between |
| two shader stages either the input or output declaration requires an extra |
| level of array indexing for the declarations to match. |
| For example, with the interface between a vertex shader and a geometry |
| shader, vertex shader output variables and geometry shader input variables |
| of the same name must have matching types, except that the geometry shader |
| will have one more array dimension than the vertex shader, to allow for |
| vertex indexing. |
| If such an arrayed interface variable is not declared with the necessary |
| additional input or output array dimension, a link-time error will result. |
| Geometry shader inputs, tessellation control shader inputs and outputs, and |
| tessellation evaluation inputs all have an additional level of arrayness |
| relative to other shader inputs and outputs. |
| These inputs and outputs are known as <em>per-vertex-arrayed</em> inputs and |
| outputs. |
| Component limits for arrayed interfaces (e.g. |
| <em>gl_MaxTessControlInputComponents</em>) are limits per vertex, not limits for |
| the entire interface.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For non-arrayed interfaces (meaning array dimensionally stays the same |
| between stages), it is a link-time error if the input variable is not |
| declared with the same type, including array dimensionality, as the matching |
| output variable.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The link-time type-matching rules apply to all declared input and output |
| variables, whether or not they are used.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Additionally, tessellation evaluation shaders support per-patch input |
| variables declared with the <strong>patch</strong> and <strong>in</strong> qualifiers. |
| Per-patch input variables are filled with the values of per-patch output |
| variables written by the tessellation control shader. |
| Per-patch inputs may be declared as one-dimensional arrays, but are not |
| indexed by vertex number. |
| Applying the <strong>patch</strong> qualifier to inputs can only be done in tessellation |
| evaluation shaders. |
| As with other input variables, per-patch inputs must be declared using the |
| same type and qualification as per-patch outputs from the previous |
| (tessellation control) shader stage. |
| It is a compile-time error to use <strong>patch</strong> with inputs in any other stage.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time error to declare a tessellation control, tessellation |
| evaluation or geometry shader input with, or that contains, any of the |
| following types:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>A <a href="#booleans">boolean type</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>An <a href="#opaque-types">opaque type</a></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Fragment shader inputs get per-fragment values, typically interpolated from |
| a previous stage’s outputs. |
| The auxiliary storage qualifiers <strong>centroid</strong> and <strong>sample</strong> can also be |
| applied, as well as the interpolation qualifiers <strong>flat</strong>, <strong>noperspective</strong>, |
| and <strong>smooth.</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time error to declare a fragment shader input with, or that |
| contains, any of the following types:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>A <a href="#booleans">boolean type</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>An <a href="#opaque-types">opaque type</a></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Fragment shader inputs that are, or contain, integral |
| or double-precision floating-point |
| types must be |
| qualified with the interpolation qualifier <strong>flat</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Fragment inputs are declared as in the following examples:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in vec3 normal; |
| centroid in vec2 TexCoord; |
| invariant centroid in vec4 Color; |
| noperspective in <span class="predefined-type">float</span> temperature; |
| flat in vec3 myColor; |
| noperspective centroid in vec2 myTexCoord;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The fragment shader inputs form an interface with the last active shader in |
| the vertex processing pipeline. |
| For this interface, the last active shader stage output variables and |
| fragment shader input variables of the same name must match in type and |
| qualification, with a few exceptions: The storage qualifiers must, of |
| course, differ (one is <strong>in</strong> and one is <strong>out</strong>). |
| Also, |
| interpolation qualification (e.g. <strong>flat</strong>) and |
| auxiliary qualification (e.g. <strong>centroid</strong>) may differ. |
| These mismatches are allowed between any pair of stages. |
| When |
| interpolation or |
| auxiliary qualifiers do not match, those provided in |
| the fragment shader supersede those provided in previous stages. |
| If any such qualifiers are completely missing in the fragment shaders, then |
| the default is used, rather than any qualifiers that may have been declared |
| in previous stages. |
| That is, what matters is what is declared in the fragment shaders, not what |
| is declared in shaders in previous stages.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When an interface between shader stages is formed using shaders from two |
| separate program objects, it is not possible to detect mismatches between |
| inputs and outputs when the programs are linked. |
| When there are mismatches between inputs and outputs on such interfaces, |
| the values passed across the interface will be partially or completely |
| undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Shaders can ensure matches across such interfaces either by using input and |
| output layout qualifiers (sections “<a href="#input-layout-qualifiers">Input Layout |
| Qualifiers</a>” and “<a href="#output-layout-qualifiers">Output Layout |
| Qualifiers</a>”) or by using identical input and output declarations of |
| blocks or variables. |
| Complete rules for interface matching are found in section 7.4.1 “Shader |
| Interface Matching” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Compute shaders do not permit user-defined input variables and do not form a |
| formal interface with any other shader stage. |
| See “<a href="#compute-shader-special-variables">Compute Shader Special |
| Variables</a>” for a description of built-in compute shader input variables. |
| All other input to a compute shader is retrieved explicitly through image |
| loads, texture fetches, loads from uniforms or uniform buffers, or other |
| user supplied code. |
| Redeclaration of built-in input variables in compute shaders is not |
| permitted.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="uniform-variables">4.3.5. Uniform Variables</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>uniform</strong> qualifier is used to declare global variables whose values are |
| the same across the entire primitive being processed. |
| All <strong>uniform</strong> variables are read-only and are initialized externally either |
| at link time or through the API. |
| The link-time initial value is either the value of the variable’s |
| initializer, if present, or 0 if no initializer is present. |
| Opaque types cannot have initializers, or a compile-time error results. |
| When targeting Vulkan, it is a compile-time error to declare <strong>uniform</strong> |
| variables outside a block.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Example declarations are:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">uniform vec4 lightPosition; |
| uniform vec3 color = vec3(<span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.7</span>, <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.7</span>, <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.2</span>); <span class="comment">// value assigned at link time</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>uniform</strong> qualifier can be used with any of the basic data types, or |
| when declaring a variable whose type is a structure, or an array of any of |
| these.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There is an implementation-dependent limit on the amount of storage for |
| uniforms that can be used for each type of shader and if this is exceeded it |
| will cause a compile-time or link-time error. |
| Uniform variables that are declared but not |
| used do not count against this limit. |
| The number of user-defined uniform variables and the number of built-in |
| uniform variables that are used within a shader are added together to |
| determine whether available uniform storage has been exceeded.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Uniforms in shaders all share a single global name space when linked into a |
| program or separable program. |
| Hence, the types, |
| initializers, |
| and any location specifiers of all statically used uniform variables with the |
| same name must match across all shaders that are linked into a single program. |
| However it is not required to repeat the |
| initializer or |
| location specifier in all the linked shaders. |
| While this single uniform name space is cross stage, a uniform variable |
| name’s scope is per stage: If a uniform variable name is declared in one |
| stage (e.g. a vertex shader) but not in another (e.g. a fragment shader), |
| then that name is still available in the other stage for a different use.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="output-variables">4.3.6. Output Variables</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Shader output variables are declared with the <strong>out</strong> storage qualifier. |
| They form the output interface between the declaring shader and the |
| subsequent stages of the API pipeline. |
| Output variables must be declared at global scope. |
| During shader execution they will behave as normal unqualified global |
| variables. |
| Their values are copied out to the subsequent pipeline stage on shader exit. |
| Only output variables that are read by the subsequent pipeline stage need to |
| be written; it is allowed to have superfluous declarations of output |
| variables.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There is <em>not</em> an <strong>inout</strong> storage qualifier for declaring a single variable |
| name as both input and output to a shader. |
| Also, a variable cannot be declared with both the <strong>in</strong> and the <strong>out</strong> |
| qualifiers, this will result in a compile-time or link-time error. |
| Output variables must be declared with different names than input variables. |
| However, nesting an input or output inside an interface block with an |
| instance name allows the same names with one referenced through a block |
| instance name.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Vertex, tessellation evaluation, and geometry output variables output |
| per-vertex data and are declared using the <strong>out</strong> storage qualifier. |
| Applying <strong>patch</strong> to an output can only be done in a tessellation control |
| shader. |
| It is a compile-time error to use <strong>patch</strong> on outputs in any other stage.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time error to declare a vertex, tessellation evaluation, |
| tessellation control, or geometry shader output with, or that contains, any |
| of the following types:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>A <a href="#booleans">boolean type</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>An <a href="#opaque-types">opaque type</a></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Individual outputs are declared as in the following examples:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">out vec3 normal; |
| centroid out vec2 TexCoord; |
| invariant centroid out vec4 Color; |
| flat out vec3 myColor; |
| sample out vec4 perSampleColor;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These can also appear in interface blocks, as described in |
| “<a href="#interface-blocks">Interface Blocks</a>”. |
| Interface blocks allow simpler addition of arrays to the interface from |
| vertex to geometry shader. |
| They also allow a fragment shader to have the same input interface as a |
| geometry shader for a given vertex shader.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Tessellation control shader output variables are used to output |
| per-vertex and per-patch data. |
| Per-vertex output variables are arrayed (see <em>arrayed</em> under |
| “<a href="#input-variables">Input Variables</a>”) and declared using the <strong>out</strong> |
| qualifier without the <strong>patch</strong> qualifier. |
| Per-patch output variables are declared using the <strong>patch</strong> and <strong>out</strong> |
| qualifiers.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Since tessellation control shaders produce an arrayed primitive comprising |
| multiple vertices, each per-vertex output variable (or output block, see |
| interface blocks below) needs to be declared as an array. |
| For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">out <span class="predefined-type">float</span> foo[]; <span class="comment">// feeds next stage input "in float foo[]"</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each element of such an array corresponds to one vertex of the primitive |
| being produced. |
| Each array can optionally have a size declared. |
| The array size will be set by (or if provided must be consistent with) the |
| output layout declaration(s) establishing the number of vertices in the |
| output patch, as described later in |
| “<a href="#tessellation-control-outputs">Tessellation Control Outputs</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each tessellation control shader invocation has a corresponding output patch |
| vertex, and may assign values to per-vertex outputs only if they belong to |
| that corresponding vertex. |
| If a per-vertex output variable is used as an l-value, it is a compile-time |
| or link-time error if the expression indicating the vertex index is not the |
| identifier <em>gl_InvocationID</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The order of execution of a tessellation control shader invocation relative |
| to the other invocations for the same input patch is undefined unless the |
| built-in function <strong>barrier</strong>() is used. |
| This provides some control over relative execution order. |
| When a shader invocation calls <strong>barrier</strong>(), its execution pauses until all |
| other invocations have reached the same point of execution. |
| Output variable assignments performed by any invocation executed prior to |
| calling <strong>barrier</strong>() will be visible to any other invocation after the call |
| to <strong>barrier</strong>() returns.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Because tessellation control shader invocations execute in undefined order |
| between barriers, the values of per-vertex or per-patch output variables |
| will sometimes be undefined. |
| Consider the beginning and end of shader execution and each call to |
| <strong>barrier</strong>() as synchronization points. |
| The value of an output variable will be undefined in any of the three |
| following cases:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>At the beginning of execution.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>At each synchronization point, unless</p> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>the value was well-defined after the previous synchronization point and |
| was not written by any invocation since, or</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>the value was written by exactly one shader invocation since the previous |
| synchronization point, or</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>the value was written by multiple shader invocations since the previous |
| synchronization point, and the last write performed by all such |
| invocations wrote the same value.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>When read by a shader invocation, if</p> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>the value was undefined at the previous synchronization point and has not |
| been written by the same shader invocation since, or</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>the output variable is written to by any other shader invocation between |
| the previous and next synchronization points, even if that assignment |
| occurs in code following the read.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Fragment outputs output per-fragment data and are declared using the <strong>out</strong> |
| storage qualifier. |
| It is a compile-time error to use auxiliary storage qualifiers or |
| interpolation qualifiers in a fragment shader output declaration. |
| It is a compile-time error to declare a fragment shader output with, or that |
| contains, any of the following types:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>A <a href="#booleans">boolean type</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A double-precision scalar or vector (<strong>double</strong>, <strong>dvec2</strong>, <strong>dvec3</strong>, |
| <strong>dvec4</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>An <a href="#opaque-types">opaque type</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A matrix type</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A structure</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Fragment outputs are declared as in the following examples:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">out vec4 FragmentColor; |
| out uint Luminosity;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Compute shaders have no built-in output variables, do not support |
| user-defined output variables and do not form a formal interface with any |
| other shader stage. |
| All outputs from a compute shader take the form of the side effects such as |
| image stores and operations on atomic counters.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="buffer-variables">4.3.7. Buffer Variables</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>buffer</strong> qualifier is used to declare global variables whose values are |
| stored in the data store of a buffer object bound through the API. |
| Buffer variables can be read and written, with the underlying storage shared |
| among all active shader invocations. |
| Buffer variable memory reads and writes within a single shader invocation |
| are processed in order. |
| However, the order of reads and writes performed in one invocation relative |
| to those performed by another invocation is largely undefined. |
| Buffer variables may be qualified with memory qualifiers affecting how the |
| underlying memory is accessed, as described in “<a href="#memory-qualifiers">Memory |
| Qualifiers</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>buffer</strong> qualifier can be used to declare interface blocks (see |
| “<a href="#interface-blocks">Interface Blocks</a>”), which are then referred to as |
| shader storage blocks. |
| It is a compile-time error to declare buffer variables outside a block.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">// use buffer to create a buffer block (shader storage block)</span> |
| buffer BufferName { <span class="comment">// externally visible name of buffer</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> count; <span class="comment">// typed, shared memory...</span> |
| ... <span class="comment">// ...</span> |
| vec4 v[]; <span class="comment">// last member may be an array that is not sized</span> |
| <span class="comment">// until after link time (dynamically sized)</span> |
| } Name; <span class="comment">// name of block within the shader</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There are implementation-dependent limits on the number of shader storage |
| blocks used for each type of shader, the combined number of shader storage |
| blocks used for a program, and the amount of storage required by each |
| individual shader storage block. |
| If any of these limits are exceeded, it will cause a compile-time or |
| link-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If multiple shaders are linked together, then they will share a single |
| global buffer variable name space. |
| Hence, the types of all declared buffer variables with the same name must |
| match across all shaders that are linked into a single program.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="shared-variables">4.3.8. Shared Variables</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>shared</strong> qualifier is used to declare global variables that have storage |
| shared between all work items in a compute shader workgroup. |
| Variables declared as <strong>shared</strong> may only be used in compute shaders (see |
| “<a href="#compute-processor">Compute Processor</a>”). |
| Any other declaration of a <strong>shared</strong> variable is a compile-time error. |
| Shared variables are implicitly coherent (see |
| “<a href="#memory-qualifiers">Memory Qualifiers</a>”).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Variables declared as <strong>shared</strong> may not have initializers and their contents |
| are undefined at the beginning of shader execution. |
| Any data written to <strong>shared</strong> variables will be visible to other work items |
| (executing the same shader) within the same workgroup.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In the absence of synchronization, the order of reads and writes to the same |
| <strong>shared</strong> variable by different invocations of a shader is not defined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In order to achieve ordering with respect to reads and writes to <strong>shared</strong> |
| variables, control flow barriers must be employed using the <strong>barrier</strong>() function |
| (see “<a href="#shader-invocation-control-functions">Shader Invocation Control |
| Functions</a>”).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There is a limit to the total size of all variables declared as <strong>shared</strong> in a |
| single program. |
| This limit, expressed in units of basic machine units may be determined by |
| using the OpenGL API to query the value of |
| MAX_COMPUTE_SHARED_MEMORY_SIZE.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="interface-blocks">4.3.9. Interface Blocks</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Input, output, uniform, and buffer variable declarations can be grouped into |
| named interface blocks to provide coarser granularity backing than is |
| achievable with individual declarations. |
| They can have an optional instance name, used in the shader to reference |
| their members. |
| An output block of one programmable stage is backed by a corresponding input |
| block in the subsequent programmable stage. |
| A <em>uniform block</em> is backed by the application with a buffer object. |
| A block of buffer variables, called a <em>shader storage block</em>, is also backed |
| by the application with a buffer object. |
| It is a compile-time error to have an input block in a vertex shader or an |
| output block in a fragment shader. |
| These uses are reserved for future use.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An interface block is started by an <strong>in</strong>, <strong>out</strong>, <strong>uniform</strong>, or <strong>buffer</strong> |
| keyword, followed by a block name, followed by an open curly brace (<strong>{</strong>) as |
| follows:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>interface-block</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>layout-qualifier<sub>opt</sub></em> <em>interface-qualifier</em> <em>block-name</em> <strong>{</strong> |
| <em>member-list</em> <strong>}</strong> <em>instance-name<sub>opt</sub></em> <strong>;</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>interface-qualifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>in</strong><br> |
| <strong>out</strong><br> |
| <strong>patch</strong> <strong>in</strong> // Note: Qualifiers can be in any order.<br> |
| <strong>patch</strong> <strong>out</strong><br> |
| <strong>uniform</strong><br> |
| <strong>buffer</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>member-list</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>member-declaration</em><br> |
| <em>member-declaration</em> <em>member-list</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>member-declaration</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>layout-qualifier<sub>opt</sub></em> <em>qualifiers<sub>opt</sub></em> <em>type</em> <em>declarators</em> <strong>;</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>instance-name</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>identifier</em><br> |
| <em>identifier</em> <strong>[</strong> <strong>]</strong><br> |
| <em>identifier</em> <strong>[</strong> <em>constant-integral-expression</em> <strong>]</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each of the above elements is discussed below, with the exception of layout |
| qualifiers (<em>layout-qualifier</em>), which are defined in the next section.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>First, an example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">uniform Transform { |
| mat4 ModelViewMatrix; |
| mat4 ModelViewProjectionMatrix; |
| uniform mat3 NormalMatrix; <span class="comment">// allowed restatement of qualifier</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> Deformation; |
| };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The above establishes a uniform block named “Transform” with four uniforms |
| grouped inside it.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Types and declarators are the same as for other input, output, uniform, and |
| buffer variable declarations outside blocks, with these exceptions:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Initializers are not allowed</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Opaque types are not allowed</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Structure definitions cannot be nested inside a block</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Any of these would result in a compile-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If no optional qualifier is used in a member-declaration, the qualification |
| of the member includes all <strong>in</strong>, <strong>out</strong>, <strong>patch</strong>, <strong>uniform</strong>, or <strong>buffer</strong> as |
| determined by <em>interface-qualifier</em>. |
| If optional qualifiers are used, they can include interpolation qualifiers, |
| auxiliary storage qualifiers, |
| and storage qualifiers and they must declare |
| an input, output, or uniform member consistent with the interface qualifier |
| of the block: Input variables, output variables, uniform variables, and |
| <strong>buffer</strong> members can only be in <strong>in</strong> blocks, <strong>out</strong> blocks, <strong>uniform</strong> blocks, |
| and shader storage blocks, respectively.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Repeating the <strong>in</strong>, <strong>out</strong>, <strong>patch</strong>, <strong>uniform</strong>, or <strong>buffer</strong> interface |
| qualifier for a member’s storage qualifier is optional. |
| For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in Material { |
| smooth in vec4 Color1; <span class="comment">// legal, input inside in block</span> |
| smooth vec4 Color2; <span class="comment">// legal, 'in' inherited from 'in Material'</span> |
| vec2 TexCoord; <span class="comment">// legal, TexCoord is an input</span> |
| uniform <span class="predefined-type">float</span> Atten; <span class="comment">// illegal, mismatched storage qualifier</span> |
| };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A <em>shader interface</em> is defined to be one of these:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>All the uniform variables and uniform blocks declared in a program. |
| This spans all compilation units linked together within one program.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>All the <strong>buffer</strong> blocks declared in a program.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The boundary between adjacent programmable pipeline stages: This spans |
| all the outputs declared in all compilation units of the first stage and |
| all the inputs declared in all compilation units of the second stage. |
| Note that for the purposes of this definition, the fragment shader and |
| the preceding shader are considered to have a shared boundary even |
| though in practice, all values passed to the fragment shader first pass |
| through the rasterizer and interpolator.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The block name (<em>block-name</em>) is used to match within shader interfaces: an |
| output block of one pipeline stage will be matched to an input block with |
| the same name in the subsequent pipeline stage. |
| For uniform or shader storage blocks, the application uses the block name to |
| identify the block. |
| Block names have no other use within a shader beyond interface matching; it |
| is a compile-time error |
| to use a block name at global scope for anything other than as a |
| block name (e.g. use of a block name for a global variable name or function |
| name is currently reserved). |
| It is a compile-time error to use the same block name for more than one |
| block declaration in the same shader interface (as defined above) within one |
| shader, even if the block contents are identical.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Matched block names within a shader interface (as defined above) must match |
| in terms of having the same number of declarations with the same sequence of |
| types and the same sequence of member names, as well as having matching |
| member-wise layout qualification |
| (see next section). |
| Matched uniform or shader storage block names (but not input or output block |
| names) must also either all be lacking an instance name or all having an |
| instance name, putting their members at the same scoping level. |
| When instance names are present on matched block names, it is allowed for |
| the instance names to differ; they need not match for the blocks to match. |
| Furthermore, if a matching block is declared as an array, then the array |
| sizes must also match (or follow array matching rules for the shader |
| interface between consecutive shader stages). |
| Any mismatch will generate a link-time error. |
| A block name is allowed to have different definitions in different shader |
| interfaces within the same shader, allowing, for example, an input block and |
| output block to have the same name.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If an instance name (<em>instance-name</em>) is not used, the names declared inside |
| the block are scoped at the global level and accessed as if they were |
| declared outside the block. |
| If an instance name (<em>instance-name</em>) is used, then it puts all the members |
| inside a scope within its own name space, accessed with the field selector |
| (<strong>.</strong>) operator (analogously to structures). |
| For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in Light { |
| vec4 LightPos; |
| vec3 LightColor; |
| }; |
| in ColoredTexture { |
| vec4 Color; |
| vec2 TexCoord; |
| } Material; <span class="comment">// instance name</span> |
| vec3 Color; <span class="comment">// different Color than Material.Color</span> |
| vec4 LightPos; <span class="comment">// illegal, already defined</span> |
| ... |
| ... = LightPos; <span class="comment">// accessing LightPos</span> |
| ... = Material.Color; <span class="comment">// accessing Color in ColoredTexture block</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Outside the shading language (i.e., in the API), members are similarly |
| identified except the block name is always used in place of the instance |
| name (API accesses are to shader interfaces, not to shaders). |
| If there is no instance name, then the API does not use the block name to |
| access a member, just the member name.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Within a shader interface, all declarations of the same global name must be |
| for the same object and must match in type and in whether they declare a |
| variable or member of a block with no instance name. |
| The API also needs this name to uniquely identify an object in the shader |
| interface. |
| It is a link-time error if any particular shader interface contains</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>two different blocks, each having no instance name, and each having a |
| member of the same name, or</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>a variable outside a block, and a block with no instance name, where the |
| variable has the same name as a member in the block.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">out Vertex { |
| vec4 Position; <span class="comment">// API transform/feedback will use "Vertex.Position"</span> |
| vec2 Texture; |
| } Coords; <span class="comment">// shader will use "Coords.Position"</span> |
| out Vertex2 { |
| vec4 Color; <span class="comment">// API will use "Color"</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> Color2; |
| }; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// in same program as Vertex2 above:</span> |
| out Vertex3 { |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> Intensity; |
| vec4 Color; <span class="comment">// ERROR, name collision with Color in Vertex2</span> |
| }; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> Color2; <span class="comment">// ERROR, collides with Color2 in Vertex2</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For blocks declared as arrays, the array index must also be included when |
| accessing members, as in this example</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">uniform Transform { <span class="comment">// API uses "Transform[2]" to refer to instance 2</span> |
| mat4 ModelViewMatrix; |
| mat4 ModelViewProjectionMatrix; |
| vec4 a[]; <span class="comment">// array will get implicitly sized</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> Deformation; |
| } transforms[<span class="integer">4</span>]; |
| ... |
| ... = transforms[<span class="integer">2</span>].ModelViewMatrix; <span class="comment">// shader access of instance 2</span> |
| <span class="comment">// API uses "Transform.ModelViewMatrix" to query an offset or other query</span> |
| transforms[x].a.length(); <span class="comment">// same length for 'a' for all x</span> |
| Transform[x]; <span class="comment">// illegal, must use 'transforms'</span> |
| Transform.a.length(); <span class="comment">// illegal, must use 'transforms'</span> |
| ...transforms[<span class="integer">2</span>].a[<span class="integer">3</span>]... <span class="comment">// if these are the only two dereferences of 'a',</span> |
| ...transforms[<span class="integer">3</span>].a[<span class="integer">7</span>]... <span class="comment">// then 'a' must be size 8, for all</span> |
| transforms[x]</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For uniform or shader storage blocks declared as an array, each individual |
| array element corresponds to a separate buffer object bind range, backing |
| one instance of the block. |
| As the array size indicates the number of buffer objects needed, uniform and |
| shader storage block array declarations must specify an array size. |
| A uniform or shader storage block array can only be indexed with a |
| dynamically uniform integral expression, otherwise results are undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When using OpenGL API entry points to identify the name of an individual |
| block in an array of blocks, the name string may include an array index |
| (e.g. <em>Transform[2]</em>). |
| When using OpenGL API entry points to refer to offsets or other |
| characteristics of a block member, an array index must not be specified |
| (e.g. <em>Transform.ModelViewMatrix</em>).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Tessellation control, tessellation evaluation and geometry shader input |
| blocks must be declared as arrays and follow the array declaration and |
| linking rules for all shader inputs for the respective stages. |
| All other input and output block arrays must specify an array size.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There are implementation-dependent limits on the number of uniform blocks |
| and the number of shader storage blocks that can be used per stage. |
| If either limit is exceeded, it will cause a link-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="layout-qualifiers">4.4. Layout Qualifiers</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Layout qualifiers can appear in several forms of declaration. |
| They can appear as part of an interface block definition or block member, as |
| shown in the grammar in the previous section. |
| They can also appear with just an <em>interface-qualifier</em> to establish layouts |
| of other declarations made with that qualifier:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>layout-qualifier</em> <em>interface-qualifier</em> <strong>;</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Or, they can appear with an individual variable declared with an interface |
| qualifier:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>layout-qualifier</em> <em>interface-qualifier</em> <em>declaration</em> <strong>;</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Declarations of layouts can only be made at global scope or block members, |
| and only where indicated in the following subsections; their details are |
| specific to what the interface qualifier is, and are discussed individually.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>layout-qualifier</em> expands to:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>layout</strong> <strong>(</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-id-list</em> <strong>)</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id-list</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>layout-qualifier-id</em><br> |
| <em>layout-qualifier-id</em> <strong>,</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-id-list</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>layout-qualifier-name</em><br> |
| <em>layout-qualifier-name</em> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em><br> |
| <strong>shared</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-value</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>integer-constant-expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The tokens used for <em>layout-qualifier-name</em> are identifiers, not keywords, |
| however, the <strong>shared</strong> keyword is allowed as a <em>layout-qualifier-id</em>. |
| Generally, they can be listed in any order. |
| Order-dependent meanings exist only if explicitly called out below. |
| Similarly, these identifiers are not case sensitive, unless explicitly noted |
| otherwise.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>More than one layout qualifier may appear in a single declaration. |
| Additionally, the same <em>layout-qualifier-name</em> can occur multiple times |
| within a layout qualifier or across multiple layout qualifiers in the same |
| declaration. |
| When the same <em>layout-qualifier-name</em> occurs multiple times, in a single |
| declaration, the last occurrence overrides the former occurrence(s). |
| Further, if such a <em>layout-qualifier-name</em> will affect subsequent |
| declarations or other observable behavior, it is only the last occurrence |
| that will have any effect, behaving as if the earlier occurrence(s) within |
| the declaration are not present. |
| This is also true for overriding <em>layout-qualifier-name</em>, where one |
| overrides the other (e.g. <strong>row_major</strong> vs. |
| <strong>column_major</strong>); only the last occurrence has any effect.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>integer-constant-expression</em> is defined in |
| “<a href="#constant-expressions">Constant Expressions</a>” as <em>constant integral |
| expression</em>, with it being a compile-time error for |
| <em>integer-constant-expression</em> to be a specialization constant.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following table summarizes the use of layout qualifiers. |
| It shows for each one what kinds of declarations it may be applied to. |
| These are all discussed in detail in the following sections.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 16.6666%;"> |
| <col style="width: 16.6666%;"> |
| <col style="width: 16.6666%;"> |
| <col style="width: 16.6666%;"> |
| <col style="width: 16.6666%;"> |
| <col style="width: 16.667%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle">Layout Qualifier</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle">Qualifier Only</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle">Individual Variable</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle">Block</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle">Block Member</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle">Allowed Interfaces</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>shared</strong><br> |
| <strong>packed</strong><br> |
| <strong>std140</strong><br> |
| <strong>std430</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle" rowspan="5"><p class="tableblock"><strong>uniform</strong> / <strong>buffer</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>row_major</strong><br> |
| <strong>column_major</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>binding</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">opaque types only</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>offset</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">atomic counters only</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>align</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>set</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">opaque types only</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>uniform</strong> / <strong>buffer</strong> (Vulkan only)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>push_constant</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>uniform</strong> (Vulkan only)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>input_attachment_index</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">subpass types only</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>uniform</strong> (Vulkan only)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>location</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>uniform</strong> / <strong>buffer</strong> and subroutine variables</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>location</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle" rowspan="2"><p class="tableblock">all <strong>in</strong> / <strong>out</strong>, except for compute</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>component</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>index</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">fragment <strong>out</strong> and subroutine functions</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>triangles</strong><br> |
| <strong>quads</strong><br> |
| <strong>isolines</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">tessellation evaluation <strong>in</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>equal_spacing</strong><br> |
| <strong>fractional_even_spacing</strong><br> |
| <strong>fractional_odd_spacing</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">tessellation evaluation <strong>in</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>cw</strong><br> |
| <strong>ccw</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">tessellation evaluation <strong>in</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>point_mode</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">tessellation evaluation <strong>in</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>points</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">geometry <strong>in</strong>/<strong>out</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">[ <strong>points</strong> ]<br> |
| <strong>lines</strong><br> |
| <strong>lines_adjacency</strong><br> |
| <strong>triangles</strong><br> |
| <strong>triangles_adjacency</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">geometry <strong>in</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>invocations</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">geometry <strong>in</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>origin_upper_left</strong><br> |
| <strong>pixel_center_integer</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><em>gl_FragCoord</em> only</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle" rowspan="2"><p class="tableblock">fragment <strong>in</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>early_fragment_tests</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>local_size_x</strong> =<br> |
| <strong>local_size_y</strong> =<br> |
| <strong>local_size_z</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">compute <strong>in</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>local_size_x_id</strong> =<br> |
| <strong>local_size_y_id</strong> =<br> |
| <strong>local_size_z_id</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">compute <strong>in</strong> (SPIR-V only)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>xfb_buffer</strong> =<br> |
| <strong>xfb_stride</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle" rowspan="2"><p class="tableblock">vertex, tessellation, and geometry <strong>out</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>xfb_offset</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>vertices</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">tessellation control <strong>out</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">[ <strong>points</strong> ]<br> |
| <strong>line_strip</strong><br> |
| <strong>triangle_strip</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle" rowspan="3"><p class="tableblock">geometry <strong>out</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>max_vertices</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>stream</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">X</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>depth_any</strong><br> |
| <strong>depth_greater</strong><br> |
| <strong>depth_less</strong><br> |
| <strong>depth_unchanged</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><em>gl_FragDepth</em> only</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">fragment <strong>out</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>constant_id</strong> =</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">scalar only</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>const</strong> (SPIR-V only)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>rgba32f</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba16f</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg32f</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg16f</strong><br> |
| <strong>r11f_g11f_b10f</strong><br> |
| <strong>r32f</strong><br> |
| <strong>r16f</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba16</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgb10_a2</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba8</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg16</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg8</strong><br> |
| <strong>r16</strong><br> |
| <strong>r8</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba16_snorm</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba8_snorm</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg16_snorm</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg8_snorm</strong><br> |
| <strong>r16_snorm</strong><br> |
| <strong>r8_snorm</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba32i</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba16i</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba8i</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg32i</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg16i</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg8i</strong><br> |
| <strong>r32i</strong><br> |
| <strong>r16i</strong><br> |
| <strong>r8i</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba32ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba16ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgb10_a2ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba8ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg32ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg16ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg8ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>r32ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>r16ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>r8ui</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"><p class="tableblock">image types only</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-center valign-middle"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-middle"><p class="tableblock"><strong>uniform</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="input-layout-qualifiers">4.4.1. Input Layout Qualifiers</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Layout qualifiers specific to a particular shader language are discussed in |
| separate sections below.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All shaders except compute shaders allow <strong>location</strong> layout qualifiers on |
| input variable declarations, input block declarations, and input block |
| member declarations. |
| Of these, variables and block members (but not blocks) additionally allow |
| the <strong>component</strong> layout qualifier.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>location</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em><br> |
| <strong>component</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(location = <span class="integer">3</span>) in vec4 normal; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> start = <span class="integer">6</span>; |
| layout(location = start + <span class="integer">2</span>) <span class="predefined-type">int</span> vec4 v;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>will establish that the shader input <em>normal</em> is assigned to vector location |
| number |
| 3 and <em>v</em> is assigned location number 8. |
| For vertex shader inputs, the location specifies the number of the |
| vertex attribute from which input values are taken. |
| For inputs of all other shader types, the location specifies a vector number |
| that can be used to match against outputs from a previous shader stage, even |
| if that shader is in a different program object.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following language describes how many locations are consumed by a given |
| type. |
| However, geometry shader inputs, tessellation control shader inputs and |
| outputs, and tessellation evaluation inputs all have an additional level of |
| arrayness relative to other shader inputs and outputs. |
| This outer array level is removed from the type before considering how many |
| locations the type consumes.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Except when targeting Vulkan, |
| if a vertex shader input is any scalar or vector type, it will consume a |
| single location. |
| If a non-vertex shader input, or any stage input when targeting Vulkan, |
| is a scalar or vector type other than <strong>dvec3</strong> |
| or <strong>dvec4</strong>, it will consume a single location, while types <strong>dvec3</strong> or |
| <strong>dvec4</strong> will consume two consecutive locations. |
| Inputs of type <strong>double</strong> and <strong>dvec2</strong> will consume only a single location, in |
| all stages.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the declared input (after potentially removing an outer array level as |
| just described above) is an array of size <em>n</em> and each of the elements takes |
| <em>m</em> locations, it will be assigned <em>m</em> * <em>n</em> consecutive locations starting |
| with the location specified. |
| For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(location = <span class="integer">6</span>) in vec4 colors[<span class="integer">3</span>];</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>will establish that the shader input <em>colors</em> is assigned to vector location |
| numbers 6, 7, and 8.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the declared input is an <em>n</em> × <em>m</em> |
| matrix, it will be assigned multiple locations starting with the location |
| specified. |
| The number of locations assigned for each matrix will be the same as for an |
| <em>n</em>-element array of <em>m</em>-component vectors. |
| For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(location = <span class="integer">9</span>) in mat4 transforms[<span class="integer">2</span>];</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>will establish that shader input <em>transforms</em> is assigned to vector |
| locations 9-16, with <em>transforms[0]</em> being assigned to locations 9-12, and |
| <em>transforms[1]</em> being assigned to locations 13-16.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the declared input is a structure or block, its members will be assigned |
| consecutive locations in their order of declaration, with the first member |
| assigned the location provided in the layout qualifier. |
| For a structure, this process applies to the entire structure. |
| It is a compile-time error to use a <strong>location</strong> qualifier on a member of a |
| structure. |
| For a block, this process applies to the entire block, or until the first |
| member is reached that has a <strong>location</strong> layout qualifier.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When a block member is declared with a <strong>location</strong> qualifier, its location |
| comes from that qualifier; the member’s <strong>location</strong> qualifier overrides the |
| block-level declaration. |
| Subsequent members are again assigned consecutive locations, based on the |
| newest location, until the next member declared with a <strong>location</strong> qualifier. |
| The values used for locations do not have to be declared in increasing |
| order.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If a block has no block-level <strong>location</strong> layout qualifier, it is required |
| that either all or none of its members have a <strong>location</strong> layout qualifier, |
| or a compile-time error results. |
| For some blocks declared as arrays, the <strong>location</strong> can only be applied at |
| the block level: When a block is declared as an array where additional |
| locations are needed for each member for each block array element, it is a |
| compile-time error to specify locations on the block members. |
| That is, when locations would be under specified by applying them on block |
| members, they are not allowed on block members. |
| For <em>arrayed</em> interfaces (those generally having an extra level of arrayness |
| due to interface expansion), the outer array is stripped before applying |
| this rule.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When generating SPIR-V, all <strong>in</strong> and <strong>out</strong> qualified user-declared (non |
| built-in) variables and blocks (or all their members) must have a |
| shader-specified <strong>location</strong>. |
| Otherwise, a compile-time error is generated.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The locations consumed by block and structure members are determined by |
| applying the rules above recursively as though the structure member were |
| declared as an input variable of the same type. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(location = <span class="integer">3</span>) in <span class="keyword">struct</span> S |
| { |
| vec3 a; <span class="comment">// gets location 3</span> |
| mat2 b; <span class="comment">// gets locations 4 and 5</span> |
| vec4 c[<span class="integer">2</span>]; <span class="comment">// gets locations 6 and 7</span> |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">8</span>) vec2 A; <span class="comment">// ERROR, can't use on struct member</span> |
| } s; |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">4</span>) in block |
| { |
| vec4 d; <span class="comment">// gets location 4</span> |
| vec4 e; <span class="comment">// gets location 5</span> |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">7</span>) vec4 f; <span class="comment">// gets location 7</span> |
| vec4 g; <span class="comment">// gets location 8</span> |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">1</span>) vec4 h; <span class="comment">// gets location 1</span> |
| vec4 i; <span class="comment">// gets location 2</span> |
| vec4 j; <span class="comment">// gets location 3</span> |
| vec4 k; <span class="comment">// ERROR, location 4 already used</span> |
| };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The number of input locations available to a shader is limited. |
| For vertex shaders, the limit is the advertised number of vertex attributes. |
| For all other shaders, the limit is implementation-dependent and must be no |
| less than one fourth of the advertised maximum input component count.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A program will fail to link if any attached shader uses a location greater |
| than or equal to the number of supported locations, unless device-dependent |
| optimizations are able to make the program fit within available hardware |
| resources.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A program will fail to link if explicit location assignments leave the |
| linker unable to find space for other variables without explicit |
| assignments.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For the purposes of determining if a non-vertex input matches an output from |
| a previous shader stage, the <strong>location</strong> layout qualifier (if any) must |
| match.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If a vertex shader input variable with no location assigned in the shader |
| text has a location specified through the OpenGL API, the API-assigned |
| location will be used. |
| Otherwise, such variables will be assigned a location by the linker. |
| See section 11.1.1 “Vertex Attributes” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a> for |
| more details. |
| A link-time error will occur if an input variable is declared in multiple |
| shaders of the same language with conflicting locations.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>component</strong> qualifier allows the location to be more finely specified |
| for scalars and vectors, down to the individual components within a location |
| that are consumed. |
| It is a compile-time error to use <strong>component</strong> without also specifying the |
| <strong>location</strong> qualifier (order does not matter). |
| The components within a location are 0, 1, 2, and 3. |
| A variable or block member starting at component <em>N</em> will consume components |
| <em>N</em>, <em>N+1</em>, <em>N+2</em>, …​ |
| up through its size. |
| It is a compile-time error if this sequence of components gets larger than |
| 3. |
| A scalar <strong>double</strong> will consume two of these components, and a <strong>dvec2</strong> will |
| consume all four components available within a location. |
| A <strong>dvec3</strong> or <strong>dvec4</strong> can only be declared without specifying a <strong>component</strong>. |
| A <strong>dvec3</strong> will consume all four components of the first location and |
| components 0 and 1 of the second location. |
| This leaves components 2 and 3 available for other component-qualified |
| declarations.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">// a consumes components 2 and 3 of location 4</span> |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">4</span>, component = <span class="integer">2</span>) in vec2 a; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// b consumes component 1 of location 4</span> |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">4</span>, component = <span class="integer">1</span>) in <span class="predefined-type">float</span> b; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// ERROR: c overflows component 3</span> |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">3</span>, component = <span class="integer">2</span>) in vec3 c; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// d consumes components 2 and 3 of location 5</span> |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">5</span>, component = <span class="integer">2</span>) in <span class="predefined-type">double</span> d; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// ERROR: e overflows component 3 of location 6</span> |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">6</span>, component = <span class="integer">2</span>) in dvec2 e; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// ERROR: f overlaps with g</span> |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">7</span>, component = <span class="integer">0</span>) <span class="predefined-type">double</span> f; |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">7</span>, component = <span class="integer">1</span>) <span class="predefined-type">float</span> g; |
| |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">8</span>) in dvec3 h; <span class="comment">// components 0,1,2 and 3 of location 8</span> |
| <span class="comment">// and components 0 and 1 of location 9</span> |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">9</span>, component = <span class="integer">2</span>) in <span class="predefined-type">float</span> i; <span class="comment">// okay, compts 2 and 3</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the variable is an array, each element of the array, in order, is |
| assigned to consecutive locations, but all at the same specified component |
| within each location. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">// component 3 in 6 locations are consumed</span> |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">2</span>, component = <span class="integer">3</span>) in <span class="predefined-type">float</span> d[<span class="integer">6</span>];</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>That is, location 2 component 3 will hold <em>d[0]</em>, location 3 component 3 |
| will hold <em>d[1]</em>, …​, up through location 7 component 3 holding <em>d[5]</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This allows packing of two arrays into the same set of locations:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">// e consumes beginning (components 0, 1 and 2) of each of 6 slots</span> |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">0</span>, component = <span class="integer">0</span>) in vec3 e[<span class="integer">6</span>]; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// f consumes last component of the same 6 slots</span> |
| layout(location = <span class="integer">0</span>, component = <span class="integer">3</span>) in <span class="predefined-type">float</span> f[<span class="integer">6</span>];</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If applying this to an array of arrays, all levels of arrayness are removed |
| to get to the elements that are assigned per location to the specified |
| component. |
| These non-arrayed elements will fill the locations in the order specified |
| for arrays of arrays in “<a href="#arrays">Arrays</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time error to apply the <strong>component</strong> qualifier to a matrix, a |
| structure, a block, or an array containing any of these. |
| It is a compile-time error to use <strong>component</strong> 1 or 3 as the beginning of a |
| <strong>double</strong> or <strong>dvec2</strong>. |
| It is a link-time error to specify different components for the same |
| variable within a program.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>Location aliasing</em> is causing two variables or block members to have the |
| same location number. |
| <em>Component aliasing</em> is assigning the same (or overlapping) component |
| numbers for two location aliases. |
| (Recall if <strong>component</strong> is not used, components are assigned starting with |
| 0.) |
| With one exception, location aliasing is allowed only if it does not |
| cause component aliasing; it is a compile-time or link-time error to cause |
| component aliasing. |
| Further, when location aliasing, the aliases sharing the location must have |
| the same underlying numerical type and bit width (floating-point or integer, |
| 32-bit versus 64-bit, etc.) and the same |
| auxiliary storage and interpolation qualification. |
| The one exception where component aliasing is permitted is |
| when targeting OpenGL for two input |
| variables (not block members) to a vertex shader, which are allowed to have |
| component aliasing. |
| This vertex-variable component aliasing is intended only to support vertex |
| shaders where each execution path accesses at most one input per each |
| aliased component. |
| Implementations are permitted, but not required, to generate link-time |
| errors if they detect that every path through the vertex shader executable |
| accesses multiple inputs aliased to any single component.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="tessellation-evaluation-inputs">Tessellation Evaluation Inputs</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Additional input layout qualifier identifiers allowed for tessellation |
| evaluation shaders are described below.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>primitive_mode</em><br> |
| <em>vertex_spacing</em><br> |
| <em>ordering</em><br> |
| <em>point_mode</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>primitive-mode</strong> is used to specify a tessellation primitive mode to be |
| used by the tessellation primitive generator.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>primitive-mode</em>: </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>triangles</strong><br> |
| <strong>quads</strong><br> |
| <strong>isolines</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If present, the <em>primitive-mode</em> specifies that the tessellation primitive |
| generator should subdivide a triangle into smaller triangles, a quad into |
| triangles, or a quad into a collection of lines, respectively.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A second group of layout identifiers, <em>vertex spacing</em>, is used to specify |
| the spacing used by the tessellation primitive generator when subdividing an |
| edge.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>vertex-spacing</em>: </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>equal_spacing</strong><br> |
| <strong>fractional_even_spacing</strong><br> |
| <strong>fractional_odd_spacing</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>equal_spacing</strong> specifies that edges should be divided into a collection of |
| equal-sized segments;</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>fractional_even_spacing</strong> specifies that edges should be divided into an |
| even number of equal-length segments plus two additional shorter |
| “fractional” segments; or</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>fractional_odd_spacing</strong> specifies that edges should be divided into an odd |
| number of equal-length segments plus two additional shorter “fractional” |
| segments.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A third group of layout identifiers, <em>ordering</em>, specifies whether the |
| tessellation primitive generator produces triangles in clockwise or |
| counter-clockwise order, according to the coordinate system depicted in the |
| <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>ordering</em>: </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>cw</strong><br> |
| <strong>ccw</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The identifiers <strong>cw</strong> and <strong>ccw</strong> indicate clockwise and counter-clockwise |
| triangles, respectively. |
| If the tessellation primitive generator does not produce triangles, the |
| order is ignored.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Finally, <em>point mode</em> indicates that the tessellation primitive generator |
| should produce one point for each distinct vertex in the subdivided |
| primitive, rather than generating lines or triangles.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>point-mode</em>: </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>point_mode</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Any or all of these identifiers may be specified one or more times in a |
| single input layout declaration. |
| If primitive mode, vertex spacing, or ordering is declared more than once in |
| the tessellation evaluation shaders of a program, all such declarations must |
| use the same identifier.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>At least one tessellation evaluation shader (compilation unit) in a program |
| must declare a primitive mode in its input layout. |
| Declaring vertex spacing, ordering, or point mode identifiers is optional. |
| It is not required that all tessellation evaluation shaders in a program |
| declare a primitive mode. |
| If spacing or vertex ordering declarations are omitted, the tessellation |
| primitive generator will use equal spacing or counter-clockwise vertex |
| ordering, respectively. |
| If a point mode declaration is omitted, the tessellation primitive generator |
| will produce lines or triangles according to the primitive mode.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="geometry-shader-inputs">Geometry Shader Inputs</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Additional layout qualifier identifiers for geometry shader inputs include |
| <em>primitive</em> identifiers and an <em>invocation count</em> identifier:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>points</strong><br> |
| <strong>lines</strong><br> |
| <strong>lines_adjacency</strong><br> |
| <strong>triangles</strong><br> |
| <strong>triangles_adjacency</strong><br> |
| <strong>invocations</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The identifiers <strong>points</strong>, <strong>lines</strong>, <strong>lines_adjacency</strong>, <strong>triangles</strong>, and |
| <strong>triangles_adjacency</strong> are used to specify the type of input primitive |
| accepted by the geometry shader, and only one of these is accepted. |
| At least one geometry shader (compilation unit) in a program must declare |
| this input primitive layout, and all geometry shader input layout |
| declarations in a program must declare the same layout. |
| It is not required that all geometry shaders in a program declare an input |
| primitive layout.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The identifier <strong>invocations</strong> is used to specify the number of times the |
| geometry shader executable is invoked for each input primitive received. |
| Invocation count declarations are optional. |
| If no invocation count is declared in any geometry shader in a program, the |
| geometry shader will be run once for each input primitive. |
| If an invocation count is declared, all such declarations must specify the |
| same count. |
| If a shader specifies an invocation count greater than the |
| implementation-dependent maximum, or less than or equal to zero, |
| a compile-time error results.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(triangles, invocations = <span class="integer">6</span>) in;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>will establish that all inputs to the geometry shader are triangles and that |
| the geometry shader executable is run six times for each triangle processed.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All geometry shader input unsized array declarations will be sized by an |
| earlier input primitive layout qualifier, when present, as per the following |
| table.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Layout</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Size of Input Arrays</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>points</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">1</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>lines</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>lines_adjacency</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">4</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>triangles</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">3</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>triangles_adjacency</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">6</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The intrinsically declared input array <em>gl_in[]</em> will also be sized by any |
| input primitive-layout declaration. |
| Hence, the expression</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">gl_in.length()</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>will return the value from the table above.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For inputs declared without an array size, including intrinsically declared |
| inputs (i.e., <em>gl_in</em>), a layout must be declared before any use of the |
| method <strong>length</strong>() or other any array use that requires the array size to be |
| known.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time error if a layout declaration’s array size (from the |
| table above) does not match all the explicit array sizes specified in |
| declarations of an input variables in the same shader. |
| The following includes examples of compile-time errors:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">// code sequence within one shader...</span> |
| in vec4 Color1[]; <span class="comment">// legal, size still unknown</span> |
| in vec4 Color2[<span class="integer">2</span>]; <span class="comment">// legal, size is 2</span> |
| in vec4 Color3[<span class="integer">3</span>]; <span class="comment">// illegal, input sizes are inconsistent</span> |
| layout(lines) in; <span class="comment">// legal for Color2, input size is 2, matching Color2</span> |
| in vec4 Color4[<span class="integer">3</span>]; <span class="comment">// illegal, contradicts layout of lines</span> |
| layout(lines) in; <span class="comment">// legal, matches other layout() declaration</span> |
| layout(triangles) in; <span class="comment">// illegal, does not match earlier layout() declaration</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a link-time error if not all provided sizes (sized input arrays and |
| layout size) match across all geometry shaders in a program.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="fragment-shader-inputs">Fragment Shader Inputs</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Additional fragment layout qualifier identifiers include the following for |
| <em>gl_FragCoord</em> :</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>origin_upper_left</strong><br> |
| <strong>pixel_center_integer</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>By default, <em>gl_FragCoord</em> in OpenGL assumes a lower-left origin for window |
| coordinates and assumes pixel centers are located at half-pixel coordinates. |
| For example, the (<em>x, y</em>) location (0.5, 0.5) is returned for the |
| lower-left-most pixel in a window. |
| The origin can be changed by redeclaring <em>gl_FragCoord</em> with the |
| <strong>origin_upper_left</strong> qualifier, moving the origin of <em>gl_FragCoord</em> to the |
| upper left of the window, with <em>y</em> increasing in value toward the bottom of |
| the window. |
| The values returned can also be shifted by half a pixel in both <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> |
| by <strong>pixel_center_integer</strong> so it appears the pixels are centered at whole |
| number pixel offsets. |
| This moves the (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>) value returned by <em>gl_FragCoord</em> of (0.5, 0.5) by |
| default, to (0.0, 0.0) with <strong>pixel_center_integer</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Targeting Vulkan will assume and require an upper-left origin for <em>gl_FragCoord</em> |
| with pixel centers located at half-pixel coordinates. |
| This origin can be explicitly set by redeclaring <em>gl_FragCoord</em> with the |
| <strong>origin_upper_left</strong> identifier.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Redeclarations are done as follows</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in vec4 gl_FragCoord; <span class="comment">// redeclaration that changes nothing is allowed</span> |
| |
| <span class="comment">// All the following are allowed redeclaration that change behavior</span> |
| layout(origin_upper_left) in vec4 gl_FragCoord; |
| layout(pixel_center_integer) in vec4 gl_FragCoord; |
| layout(origin_upper_left, pixel_center_integer) in vec4 gl_FragCoord;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If <em>gl_FragCoord</em> is redeclared in any fragment shader in a program, it must |
| be redeclared in all the fragment shaders in that program that have a static |
| use <em>gl_FragCoord</em>. |
| All redeclarations of <em>gl_FragCoord in all fragment shaders in a single |
| program must have the same set of qualifiers. |
| Within any shader, the first redeclarations of _glFragCoord</em> must appear |
| before any use of <em>gl_FragCoord</em>. |
| The built-in <em>gl_FragCoord</em> is only predeclared in fragment shaders, so |
| redeclaring it in any other shader language results in a compile-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Redeclaring <em>glFragCoord</em> with <strong>origin_upper_left</strong> and/or |
| <strong>pixel_center_integer</strong> qualifiers only affects <em>gl_FragCoord.x</em> and |
| <em>gl_FragCoord.y</em>. |
| It has no effect on rasterization, transformation, or any other part of the |
| API pipeline or language features.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Fragment shaders allow the following layout qualifier on <strong>in</strong> only (not with |
| variable declarations):</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>early_fragment_tests</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>to request that fragment tests be performed before fragment shader |
| execution, as described in section 15.2.4 “Early Fragment Tests” of the |
| <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(early_fragment_tests) in;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Specifying this will make per-fragment tests be performed before fragment |
| shader execution. |
| If this is not declared, per-fragment tests will be performed after fragment |
| shader execution. |
| Only one fragment shader (compilation unit) need declare this, though more |
| than one can. |
| If at least one declares this, then it is enabled.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="compute-shader-inputs">Compute Shader Inputs</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There are no layout location qualifiers for compute shader inputs.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Layout qualifier identifiers for compute shader inputs are the workgroup |
| size qualifiers:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>local_size_x</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em><br> |
| <strong>local_size_y</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em><br> |
| <strong>local_size_z</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>local_size_x</strong>, <strong>local_size_y</strong>, and <strong>local_size_z</strong> qualifiers are used |
| to declare a fixed workgroup size by the compute shader in the first, |
| second, and third dimension, respectively. |
| If a shader does not specify a size for one of the dimensions, that |
| dimension will have a size of 1.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example, the following declaration in a compute shader</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(local_size_x = <span class="integer">32</span>, local_size_y = <span class="integer">32</span>) in;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>is used to declare a two-dimensional compute shader with a workgroup size of 32 |
| X 32 elements, which is equivalent to a three-dimensional compute shader |
| where the third dimension has size one.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>As another example, the declaration</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(local_size_x = <span class="integer">8</span>) in;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>effectively specifies that a one-dimensional compute shader is being |
| compiled, and its size is 8 elements.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the fixed workgroup size of the shader in any dimension is less than |
| or equal to zero or greater than the maximum size supported by the |
| implementation for that dimension, a compile-time error results. |
| Also, if such a layout qualifier is declared more than once in the same |
| shader, all those declarations must set the same set of workgroup |
| sizes and set them to the same values; otherwise a compile-time error |
| results. |
| If multiple compute shaders attached to a single program object declare a |
| fixed workgroup size, the declarations must be identical; otherwise a |
| link-time error results.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Furthermore, if a program object contains any compute shaders, at least one |
| must contain an input layout qualifier specifying a fixed workgroup size |
| for the program, or a link-time error will occur.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="output-layout-qualifiers">4.4.2. Output Layout Qualifiers</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Some output layout qualifiers apply to all shader stages and some apply only |
| to specific stages. |
| The latter are discussed in separate sections below.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>As with input layout qualifiers, all shaders except compute shaders allow |
| <strong>location</strong> layout qualifiers on output variable declarations, output block |
| declarations, and output block member declarations. |
| Of these, variables and block members (but not blocks) additionally allow |
| the <strong>component</strong> layout qualifier.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>location</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em><br> |
| <strong>component</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The usage and rules for applying the <strong>location</strong> qualifier |
| and the <strong>component</strong> qualifier |
| to blocks and structures are exactly as described in |
| “<a href="#input-layout-qualifiers">Input Layout Qualifiers</a>”. |
| Additionally, for fragment shader outputs, if two variables are placed |
| within the same location, they must have the same underlying type |
| (floating-point or integer). |
| No component aliasing of output variables or members is allowed.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Fragment shaders allow an additional <strong>index</strong> output layout qualifier:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>index</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each of these qualifiers may appear at most once. |
| If <strong>index</strong> is specified, <strong>location</strong> must also be specified. |
| If <strong>index</strong> is not specified, the value 0 is used. |
| For example, in a fragment shader,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(location = <span class="integer">3</span>) out vec4 color;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>will establish that the fragment shader output <em>color</em> is assigned to |
| fragment color 3 as the first (index zero) input to the blend equation. |
| And,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(location = <span class="integer">3</span>, index = <span class="integer">1</span>) out vec4 factor;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>will establish that the fragment shader output <em>factor</em> is assigned to |
| fragment color 3 as the second (index one) input to the blend equation.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For fragment shader outputs, the location |
| and index specify |
| the color output number |
| and index |
| receiving the values of the output. |
| For outputs of all other shader stages, the location specifies a vector |
| number that can be used to match against inputs in a subsequent shader |
| stage, even if that shader is in a different program object.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If a declared output is a scalar or vector type other than <strong>dvec3</strong> or |
| <strong>dvec4</strong>, it will consume a single location. |
| Outputs of type <strong>dvec3</strong> or <strong>dvec4</strong> will consume two consecutive locations. |
| Outputs of type <strong>double</strong> and <strong>dvec2</strong> will consume only a single location, in |
| all stages.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the declared output is an array, it will be assigned consecutive |
| locations starting with the location specified. |
| For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(location = <span class="integer">2</span>) out vec4 colors[<span class="integer">3</span>];</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>will establish that <em>colors</em> is assigned to vector location numbers 2, 3, |
| and 4.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the declared output is an <em>n</em> × <em>m</em> |
| matrix, it will be assigned multiple locations starting with the location |
| specified. |
| The number of locations assigned will be the same as for an <em>n</em>-element |
| array of <em>m</em>-component vectors.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the declared output is a structure, its members will be assigned |
| consecutive locations in the order of declaration, with the first member |
| assigned the location specified for the structure. |
| The number of locations consumed by a structure member is determined by |
| applying the rules above recursively as though the structure member were |
| declared as an output variable of the same type.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><strong>location</strong> layout qualifiers may be used on output variables declared as |
| structures. |
| However, it is a compile-time error to use a <strong>location</strong> qualifier on a |
| structure member. |
| Location layout qualifiers may be used on output blocks and output block |
| members.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The number of output locations available to a shader is limited. |
| For fragment shaders, the limit is the advertised number of draw buffers.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For all other shaders, the limit is implementation-dependent and must be no |
| less than one fourth of the advertised maximum output component count |
| (compute shaders have no outputs). |
| A program will fail to link if any attached shader uses a location greater |
| than or equal to the number of supported locations, unless device-dependent |
| optimizations are able to make the program fit within available hardware |
| resources.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Compile-time errors may also be given if at compile time it is known the |
| link will fail. |
| A negative output location will result in a compile-time error. |
| It is also a compile-time error if a fragment shader sets a layout index to |
| less than 0 or greater than 1.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time or link-time error if any of the following occur:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>any two fragment shader output variables are assigned to the same |
| location and index.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>if any two output variables from the same vertex, tessellation or |
| geometry shader stage are assigned to the same location.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For fragment shader outputs, locations can be assigned using either a |
| <strong>layout</strong> qualifier or via the OpenGL API.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For all shader types, a program will fail to link if explicit location |
| assignments leave the linker unable to find space for other variables |
| without explicit assignments.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If an output variable with no location or index assigned in the shader text |
| has a location specified through the OpenGL API, the API-assigned |
| location will be used. |
| Otherwise, such variables will be assigned a location by the linker. |
| All such assignments will have a color index of zero. |
| See section 15.2 “Shader Execution” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a> for |
| more details. |
| A link-time error will occur if an output variable is declared in multiple |
| shaders of the same language with conflicting location or index values.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For the purposes of determining if a non-fragment output matches an input |
| from a subsequent shader stage, the <strong>location</strong> layout qualifier (if any) |
| must match.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="transform-feedback-layout-qualifiers">Transform Feedback Layout Qualifiers</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The vertex, tessellation, and geometry stages allow shaders to control |
| transform feedback. |
| When doing this, shaders will dictate which transform feedback buffers are |
| in use, which output variables will be written to which buffers, and how |
| each buffer is laid out. |
| To accomplish this, shaders allow the following layout qualifier identifiers |
| on output declarations:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>xfb_buffer</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em><br> |
| <strong>xfb_offset</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em><br> |
| <strong>xfb_stride</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Any shader making any static use (after preprocessing) of any of these |
| <strong>xfb_</strong> qualifiers will cause the shader to be in a transform feedback |
| capturing mode and hence responsible for describing the transform feedback |
| setup. |
| This mode will capture any output selected by <strong>xfb_offset</strong>, directly or |
| indirectly, to a transform feedback buffer.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>xfb_buffer</strong> qualifier specifies which transform feedback buffer will |
| capture outputs selected with <strong>xfb_offset</strong>. |
| The <strong>xfb_buffer</strong> qualifier can be applied to the qualifier <strong>out</strong>, to output |
| variables, to output blocks, and to output block members. |
| Shaders in the transform feedback capturing mode have an initial global |
| default of</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(xfb_buffer = <span class="integer">0</span>) out;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This default can be changed by declaring a different buffer with |
| <strong>xfb_buffer</strong> on the interface qualifier <strong>out</strong>. |
| This is the only way the global default can be changed. |
| When a variable or output block is declared without an <strong>xfb_buffer</strong> |
| qualifier, it inherits the global default buffer. |
| When a variable or output block is declared with an <strong>xfb_buffer</strong> qualifier, |
| it has that declared buffer. |
| All members of a block inherit the block’s buffer. |
| A member is allowed to declare an <strong>xfb_buffer</strong>, but it must match the buffer |
| inherited from its block, or a compile-time error results.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(xfb_buffer=<span class="integer">2</span>, xfb_offset=<span class="integer">0</span>) out block { <span class="comment">// block's buffer is 2</span> |
| layout(xfb_buffer = <span class="integer">2</span>) vec4 v; <span class="comment">// okay, matches the inherited 2</span> |
| layout(xfb_buffer = <span class="integer">3</span>) vec4 u; <span class="comment">// ERROR, mismatched buffer</span> |
| vec4 w; <span class="comment">// inherited</span> |
| }; |
| layout(xfb_offset=<span class="integer">16</span>) out vec4 t; <span class="comment">// initial default is buffer 0</span> |
| layout(xfb_buffer=<span class="integer">1</span>) out; <span class="comment">// new global default of 1</span> |
| out block { <span class="comment">// block has buffer 1</span> |
| vec4 x; <span class="comment">// x has buffer 1 (not captured)</span> |
| layout(xfb_buffer = <span class="integer">1</span>) vec4 y; <span class="comment">// okay (not captured)</span> |
| layout(xfb_buffer = <span class="integer">0</span>) vec4 z; <span class="comment">// ERROR, mismatched buffer</span> |
| }; |
| layout(xfb_offset=<span class="integer">0</span>) out vec4 g; <span class="comment">// g has buffer 1</span> |
| layout(xfb_buffer=<span class="integer">2</span>) out vec4 h; <span class="comment">// does not change global default</span> |
| layout(xfb_offset=<span class="integer">16</span>) out vec4 j; <span class="comment">// j has buffer 1</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note this means all members of a block that go to a transform feedback |
| buffer will go to the same buffer.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When a block is declared as an array, all members of block array-element 0 |
| are captured, as previously described, by the declared or inherited |
| <strong>xfb_buffer</strong>. |
| Generally, an array of size <em>N</em> of blocks is captured by <em>N</em> consecutive |
| buffers, with all members of block array-element <em>E</em> captured by buffer <em>B</em>, |
| where <em>B</em> equals the declared or inherited <strong>xfb_buffer</strong> plus <em>E</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time or link-time error to specify an <strong>xfb_buffer</strong>, |
| including any additional buffers needed to capture an arrays of blocks, that |
| is less than zero or greater than or equal to the implementation-dependent |
| constant <em>gl_MaxTransformFeedbackBuffers</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>xfb_offset</strong> qualifier assigns a byte offset within a transform feedback |
| buffer. |
| Only variables, block members, or blocks can be qualified with <strong>xfb_offset</strong>. |
| If a block is qualified with <strong>xfb_offset</strong>, all its members are assigned |
| transform feedback buffer offsets. |
| If a block is not qualified with <strong>xfb_offset</strong>, any members of that block not |
| qualified with an <strong>xfb_offset</strong> will not be assigned transform feedback |
| buffer offsets. |
| Only variables and block members that are assigned offsets will be captured |
| (thus, a proper subset of a block can be captured). |
| Each time such a variable or block member is written in a shader, the |
| written value is captured at the assigned offset. |
| If such a block member or variable is not written during a shader |
| invocation, the buffer contents at the assigned offset will be undefined. |
| Even if there are no static writes to a variable or member that is assigned |
| a transform feedback offset, the space is still allocated in the buffer and |
| still affects the stride.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Variables and block members qualified with <strong>xfb_offset</strong> can be scalars, |
| vectors, matrices, structures, and (sized) arrays of these. |
| The offset must be a multiple of the size of the first component of the |
| first qualified variable or block member, or a compile-time error results. |
| Further, if applied to an aggregate containing a <strong>double</strong>, the offset must |
| also be a multiple of 8, and the space taken in the buffer will be a |
| multiple of 8. |
| The given offset applies to the first component of the first member of the |
| qualified entity. |
| Then, within the qualified entity, subsequent components are each assigned, |
| in order, to the next available offset aligned to a multiple of that |
| component’s size. |
| Aggregate types are flattened down to the component level to get this |
| sequence of components. |
| It is a compile-time error to apply <strong>xfb_offset</strong> to the declaration of an |
| unsized array.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>No aliasing in output buffers is allowed: It is a compile-time or link-time |
| error to specify variables with overlapping transform feedback offsets.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>xfb_stride</strong> qualifier specifies how many bytes are consumed by each |
| captured vertex. |
| It applies to the transform feedback buffer for that declaration, whether it |
| is inherited or explicitly declared. |
| It can be applied to variables, blocks, block members, or just the qualifier |
| <strong>out</strong>. |
| If the buffer is capturing any outputs with double-precision components, the |
| stride must be a multiple of 8, otherwise it must be a multiple of 4, or a |
| compile-time or link-time error results. |
| It is a compile-time or link-time error to have any <strong>xfb_offset</strong> that |
| overflows <strong>xfb_stride</strong>, whether stated on declarations before or after the |
| <strong>xfb_stride</strong>, or in different compilation units. |
| While <strong>xfb_stride</strong> can be declared multiple times for the same buffer, it is |
| a compile-time or link-time error to have different values specified for the |
| stride for the same buffer.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">// buffer 1 has 32-byte stride</span> |
| layout(xfb_buffer = <span class="integer">1</span>, xfb_stride = <span class="integer">32</span>) out; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// same as previous example; order within layout does not matter</span> |
| layout(xfb_stride = <span class="integer">32</span>, xfb_buffer = <span class="integer">1</span>) out; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// everything in this block goes to buffer 0</span> |
| layout(xfb_buffer = <span class="integer">0</span>, xfb_stride = <span class="integer">32</span>) out block1 { |
| layout(xfb_offset = <span class="integer">0</span>) vec4 a; <span class="comment">// a goes to byte offset 0 of buffer 0</span> |
| layout(xfb_offset = <span class="integer">16</span>) vec4 b; <span class="comment">// b goes to offset 16 of buffer 0</span> |
| }; |
| |
| layout(xfb_buffer = <span class="integer">3</span>, xfb_offset = <span class="integer">12</span>) out block2 { |
| vec4 v; <span class="comment">// v will be written to byte offsets 12 through 27 of buffer</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> u; <span class="comment">// u will be written to offset 28</span> |
| layout(xfb_offset = <span class="integer">40</span>) vec4 w; |
| vec4 x; <span class="comment">// x will be written to offset 56, the next available offset</span> |
| }; |
| |
| layout(xfb_buffer = <span class="integer">2</span>, xfb_stride = <span class="integer">32</span>) out block3 { |
| layout(xfb_offset = <span class="integer">12</span>) vec3 c; |
| layout(xfb_offset = <span class="integer">24</span>) vec3 d; <span class="comment">// ERROR, requires stride of 36</span> |
| layout(xfb_offset = <span class="integer">0</span>) vec3 g; <span class="comment">// okay, increasing order not required</span> |
| };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When no <strong>xfb_stride</strong> is specified for a buffer, the stride of the buffer |
| will be the smallest needed to hold the variable placed at the highest |
| offset, including any required padding. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">// if there no other declarations for buffer 3, it has stride 32</span> |
| layout(xfb_buffer = <span class="integer">3</span>) out block4 { |
| layout(xfb_offset = <span class="integer">0</span>) vec4 e; |
| layout(xfb_offset = <span class="integer">16</span>) vec4 f; |
| };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The resulting stride (implicit or explicit), when divided by 4, must be less |
| than or equal to the implementation-dependent constant |
| <em>gl_MaxTransformFeedbackInterleavedComponents</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="tessellation-control-outputs">Tessellation Control Outputs</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Other than for the transform feedback layout qualifiers, tessellation |
| control shaders allow output layout qualifiers only on the interface |
| qualifier <strong>out</strong>, not on an output block, block member, or variable |
| declaration. |
| The output layout qualifier identifiers allowed for tessellation control |
| shaders are:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>vertices</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The identifier <strong>vertices</strong> specifies the number of vertices in the output |
| patch produced by the tessellation control shader, which also specifies the |
| number of times the tessellation control shader is invoked. |
| It is a compile- or link-time error for the output vertex count to be less |
| than or equal to zero, or greater than the implementation-dependent maximum |
| patch size.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The intrinsically declared tessellation control output array <em>gl_out[]</em> will |
| also be sized by any output layout declaration. |
| Hence, the expression</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">gl_out.length()</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>will return the output patch vertex count specified in a previous output |
| layout qualifier. |
| For outputs declared without an array size, including intrinsically declared |
| outputs (i.e., <em>gl_out</em>), a layout must be declared before any use of the |
| method <strong>length</strong>() or other array use that requires its size to be known.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time error if the output patch vertex count specified in an |
| output layout qualifier does not match the array size specified in any |
| output variable declaration in the same shader.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All tessellation control shader layout declarations in a program must |
| specify the same output patch vertex count. |
| There must be at least one layout qualifier specifying an output patch |
| vertex count in any program containing tessellation control shaders; |
| however, such a declaration is not required in all tessellation control |
| shaders.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="geometry-outputs">Geometry Outputs</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Geometry shaders can have three additional types of output layout |
| identifiers: an output <em>primitive type</em>, a maximum output <em>vertex count</em>, |
| and per-output <em>stream</em> numbers. |
| The primitive type and vertex count identifiers are allowed only on the |
| interface qualifier <strong>out</strong>, not on an output block, block member, or variable |
| declaration. |
| The stream identifier is allowed on the interface qualifier <strong>out</strong>, on output |
| blocks, and on variable declarations.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The layout qualifier identifiers for geometry shader outputs are</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>points</strong><br> |
| <strong>line_strip</strong><br> |
| <strong>triangle_strip</strong><br> |
| <strong>max_vertices</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em><br> |
| <strong>stream</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The primitive type identifiers <strong>points</strong>, <strong>line_strip</strong>, and <strong>triangle_strip</strong> |
| are used to specify the type of output primitive produced by the geometry |
| shader, and only one of these is accepted. |
| At least one geometry shader (compilation unit) in a program must declare an |
| output primitive type, and all geometry shader output primitive type |
| declarations in a program must declare the same primitive type. |
| It is not required that all geometry shaders in a program declare an output |
| primitive type.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The vertex count identifier <strong>max_vertices</strong> is used to specify the maximum |
| number of vertices the shader will ever emit in a single invocation. |
| At least one geometry shader (compilation unit) in a program must declare a |
| maximum output vertex count, and all geometry shader output vertex count |
| declarations in a program must declare the same count. |
| It is not required that all geometry shaders in a program declare a count.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In this example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(triangle_strip, max_vertices = <span class="integer">60</span>) out; <span class="comment">// order does not matter</span> |
| layout(max_vertices = <span class="integer">60</span>) out; <span class="comment">// redeclaration okay</span> |
| layout(triangle_strip) out; <span class="comment">// redeclaration okay</span> |
| layout(points) out; <span class="comment">// error, contradicts triangle_strip</span> |
| layout(max_vertices = <span class="integer">30</span>) out; <span class="comment">// error, contradicts 60</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>all outputs from the geometry shader are triangles and at most 60 vertices |
| will be emitted by the shader. |
| It is an error for the maximum number of vertices to be greater than |
| <em>gl_MaxGeometryOutputVertices</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The identifier <strong>stream</strong> is used to specify that a geometry shader output |
| variable or block is associated with a particular vertex stream (numbered |
| beginning with zero). |
| A default stream number may be declared at global scope by qualifying |
| interface qualifier <strong>out</strong> as in this example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(stream = <span class="integer">1</span>) out;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The stream number specified in such a declaration replaces any previous |
| default and applies to all subsequent block and variable declarations until |
| a new default is established. |
| The initial default stream number is zero.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each output block or non-block output variable is associated with a vertex |
| stream. |
| If the block or variable is declared with the stream identifier, it is |
| associated with the specified stream; otherwise, it is associated with the |
| current default stream. |
| A block member may be declared with a stream identifier, but the specified |
| stream must match the stream associated with the containing block. |
| One example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(stream=<span class="integer">1</span>) out; <span class="comment">// default is now stream 1</span> |
| out vec4 var1; <span class="comment">// var1 gets default stream (1)</span> |
| layout(stream=<span class="integer">2</span>) out Block1 { <span class="comment">// "Block1" belongs to stream 2</span> |
| layout(stream=<span class="integer">2</span>) vec4 var2; <span class="comment">// redundant block member stream decl</span> |
| layout(stream=<span class="integer">3</span>) vec2 var3; <span class="comment">// ILLEGAL (must match block stream)</span> |
| vec3 var4; <span class="comment">// belongs to stream 2</span> |
| }; |
| layout(stream=<span class="integer">0</span>) out; <span class="comment">// default is now stream 0</span> |
| out vec4 var5; <span class="comment">// var5 gets default stream (0)</span> |
| out Block2 { <span class="comment">// "Block2" gets default stream (0)</span> |
| vec4 var6; |
| }; |
| layout(stream=<span class="integer">3</span>) out vec4 var7; <span class="comment">// var7 belongs to stream 3</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each vertex emitted by the geometry shader is assigned to a specific stream, |
| and the attributes of the emitted vertex are taken from the set of output |
| blocks and variables assigned to the targeted stream. |
| After each vertex is emitted, the values of all output variables become |
| undefined. |
| Additionally, the output variables associated with each vertex stream may |
| share storage. |
| Writing to an output variable associated with one stream may overwrite |
| output variables associated with any other stream. |
| When emitting each vertex, a geometry shader should write to all outputs |
| associated with the stream to which the vertex will be emitted and to no |
| outputs associated with any other stream.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If a geometry shader output block or variable is declared more than once, |
| all such declarations must associate the variable with the same vertex |
| stream. |
| If any stream declaration specifies a non-existent stream number, the shader |
| will fail to compile.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Built-in geometry shader outputs are always associated with vertex stream |
| zero.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All geometry shader output layout declarations in a program must declare the |
| same layout and same value for <strong>max_vertices</strong>. |
| If geometry shaders are in a program, there must be at least one geometry |
| output layout declaration somewhere in that |
| program, but not all geometry |
| shaders (compilation units) are required to declare it.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="fragment-outputs">Fragment Outputs</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The built-in fragment shader variable <em>gl_FragDepth</em> may be redeclared using |
| one of the following layout qualifiers.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>depth_any</strong><br> |
| <strong>depth_greater</strong><br> |
| <strong>depth_less</strong><br> |
| <strong>depth_unchanged</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The layout qualifier for <em>gl_FragDepth</em> constrains intentions of the final |
| value of <em>gl_FragDepth</em> written by any shader invocation. |
| GL implementations are allowed to perform optimizations assuming that the |
| depth test fails (or passes) for a given fragment if all values of |
| <em>gl_FragDepth</em> consistent with the layout qualifier would fail (or pass). |
| This potentially includes skipping shader execution if the fragment is |
| discarded because it is occluded and the shader has no side effects. |
| If the final value of <em>gl_FragDepth</em> is inconsistent with its layout |
| qualifier, the result of the depth test for the corresponding fragment is |
| undefined. |
| However, no error will be generated in this case. |
| If the depth test passes and depth writes are enabled, the value written to |
| the depth buffer is always the value of <em>gl_FragDepth</em>, whether or not it is |
| consistent with the layout qualifier.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>By default, <em>gl_FragDepth</em> is qualified as <em>depth_any</em>. |
| When the layout qualifier for <em>gl_FragDepth</em> is <em>depth_any</em>, the shader |
| compiler will note any assignment to <em>gl_FragDepth</em> modifying it in an |
| unknown way, and depth testing will always be performed after the shader has |
| executed. |
| When the layout qualifier is <em>depth_greater</em>, the GL can assume that the |
| final value of <em>gl_FragDepth</em> is greater than or equal to the fragment’s |
| interpolated depth value, as given by the <em>z</em> component of <em>gl_FragCoord</em>. |
| When the layout qualifier is <em>depth_less</em>, the GL can assume that any |
| modification of <em>gl_FragDepth</em> will only decrease its value. |
| When the layout qualifier is <em>depth_unchanged</em>, the shader compiler will |
| honor any modification to <em>gl_FragDepth</em>, but the rest of the GL can assume |
| that <em>gl_FragDepth</em> is not assigned a new value.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Redeclarations of <em>gl_FragDepth</em> are performed as follows:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">// redeclaration that changes nothing is allowed +</span> |
| out <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_FragDepth; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// assume it may be modified in any way</span> |
| layout(depth_any) out <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_FragDepth; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// assume it may be modified such that its value will only increase</span> |
| layout(depth_greater) out <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_FragDepth; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// assume it may be modified such that its value will only decrease</span> |
| layout(depth_less) out <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_FragDepth; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// assume it will not be modified</span> |
| layout(depth_unchanged) out <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_FragDepth;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If <em>gl_FragDepth</em> is redeclared in any fragment shader in a program, it must |
| be redeclared in all fragment shaders in that program that have static |
| assignments to <em>gl_FragDepth</em>. |
| All redeclarations of <em>gl_FragDepth</em> in all fragment shaders in a single |
| program must have the same set of qualifiers. |
| Within any shader, the first redeclarations of <em>gl_FragDepth</em> must appear |
| before any use of <em>gl_FragDepth</em>. |
| The built-in <em>gl_FragDepth</em> is only predeclared in fragment shaders, so |
| redeclaring it in any other shader language results in a compile-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="uniform-variable-layout-qualifiers">4.4.3. Uniform Variable Layout Qualifiers</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Layout qualifiers can be used for uniform variables and subroutine uniforms. |
| The layout qualifier identifiers for uniform variables and subroutine |
| uniforms are:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>location</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The location identifier can be used with default-block uniform variables and |
| subroutine uniforms. |
| The location specifies the location by which the API can reference |
| the uniform and update its value. |
| Individual elements of a uniform array are assigned consecutive locations |
| with the first element taking location <strong>location</strong>. |
| Default-block uniform variable declarations sharing the same location |
| linked in the program have to match by name, type, qualifiers and arrayness. |
| For arrays their array dimensionality and array sizes must match. |
| For structs this rule applies recursively to all members. |
| No two subroutine uniform variables can have the same location in the same |
| shader stage, otherwise a compile-time or link-time error will be generated. |
| Valid locations for default-block uniform variable locations are in the |
| range of 0 to the implementation-defined maximum number of uniform locations |
| minus one. |
| Valid locations for subroutine uniforms are in the range of 0 to the |
| implementation-defined per-stage maximum number of subroutine uniform |
| locations minus one.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Locations can be assigned to default-block uniform arrays and structures. |
| The first inner-most scalar, vector or matrix member or element takes the |
| specified <strong>location</strong> and the compiler assigns the next inner-most member or |
| element the next incremental location value. |
| Each subsequent inner-most member or element gets incremental locations for |
| the entire structure or array. |
| This rule applies to nested structures and arrays and gives each inner-most |
| scalar, vector, or matrix member a unique location. |
| For arrays without an explicit size, the size is calculated based on its |
| static usage. |
| When the linker generates locations for uniforms without an explicit |
| location, it assumes for all uniforms with an explicit location all their |
| array elements and structure members are used and the linker will not |
| generate a conflicting location, even if that element or member is deemed |
| unused.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When generating SPIR-V for API’s that accept individual (default block) |
| non-opaque uniform variables, it is a compile-time error to not |
| include a location when declaring them.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When targeting Vulkan, the <strong>push_constant</strong> qualifier is used to |
| declare an entire block, and represents a set of <em>push constants</em>, as defined |
| by the Vulkan API. |
| It is a compile-time error to apply this to anything other than a uniform block |
| declaration, or when not targeting Vulkan. |
| The values in the block will be initialized as per the Vulkan API specification. |
| A block declared with <code>layout(push_constant)</code> may optionally include an |
| <em>instance-name</em>. |
| There can be only one <strong>push_constant</strong> block per stage, or a compile-time or |
| link-time error will result. |
| A push-constant array can only be indexed with dynamically uniform indices. |
| Uniform blocks declared with <strong>push_constant</strong> use different resources |
| than those without; and are accounted for separately.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="subroutine-function-layout-qualifiers">4.4.4. Subroutine Function Layout Qualifiers</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Layout qualifiers can be used for subroutine functions. |
| The layout qualifier identifiers for subroutine functions are:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>index</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each subroutine with an index qualifier in the shader must be given a unique |
| index, otherwise a compile- or link-time error will be generated. |
| The indices must be in the range of 0 to the implementation defined maximum |
| number of subroutines minus one. |
| It is recommended, but not required, that the shader assigns a range of |
| tightly packed <em>index</em> values starting from zero so that the OpenGL |
| subroutine function enumeration API returns a non-empty name for all active |
| indices.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="uniform-and-shader-storage-block-layout-qualifiers">4.4.5. Uniform and Shader Storage Block Layout Qualifiers</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Layout qualifiers can be used for uniform and shader storage blocks, but not |
| for non-block uniform declarations. |
| The layout qualifier identifiers (and <strong>shared</strong> keyword) for uniform and |
| shader storage blocks are:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>shared</strong><br> |
| <strong>packed</strong><br> |
| <strong>std140</strong><br> |
| <strong>std430</strong><br> |
| <strong>row_major</strong><br> |
| <strong>column_major</strong><br> |
| <strong>binding</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em><br> |
| <strong>offset</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em><br> |
| <strong>align</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>None of these have any semantic effect at all on the usage of the variables |
| being declared; they only describe how data is laid out in memory. |
| For example, matrix semantics are always column-based, as described in the |
| rest of this specification, no matter what layout qualifiers are being used.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Uniform and shader storage block layout qualifiers can be declared for |
| global scope, on a single uniform or shader storage block, or on a single |
| block member declaration.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Default layouts are established at global scope for uniform blocks as:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(layout-qualifier-id-list) uniform;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>and for shader storage blocks as:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(layout-qualifier-id-list) buffer;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When this is done, the previous default qualification is first inherited and |
| then overridden as per the override rules listed below for each qualifier |
| listed in the declaration. |
| The result becomes the new default qualification scoped to subsequent |
| uniform or shader storage block definitions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The initial state of compilation when generating SPIR-V is as if the |
| following were declared:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(std140, column_major) uniform; |
| layout(std430, column_major) buffer;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>However, when <strong>push_constant</strong> is declared, the default layout of the |
| buffer will be <strong>std430</strong>. There is no method to globally set this default.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The initial state of compilation when not generating SPIR-V is as if the |
| following were declared:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(shared, column_major) uniform; |
| layout(shared, column_major) buffer;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Uniform and shader storage blocks can be declared with optional layout |
| qualifiers, and so can their individual member declarations. |
| Such block layout qualification is scoped only to the content of the block. |
| As with global layout declarations, block layout qualification first |
| inherits from the current default qualification and then overrides it. |
| Similarly, individual member layout qualification is scoped just to the |
| member declaration, and inherits from and overrides the block’s |
| qualification.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>shared</strong> qualifier overrides only the <strong>std140</strong>, <strong>std430</strong>, and <strong>packed</strong> |
| qualifiers; other qualifiers are inherited. |
| The compiler/linker will ensure that multiple programs and programmable |
| stages containing this definition will share the same memory layout for this |
| block, as long as all arrays are declared with explicit sizes and all |
| matrices have matching <strong>row_major</strong> and/or <strong>column_major</strong> qualifications |
| (which may come from a declaration outside the block definition). |
| This allows use of the same buffer to back the same block definition across |
| different programs. |
| It is a compile-time error to use the <strong>shared</strong> qualifier when generating |
| SPIR-V.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>packed</strong> qualifier overrides only <strong>std140</strong>, <strong>std430</strong>, and <strong>shared</strong>; |
| other qualifiers are inherited. |
| When <strong>packed</strong> is used, no shareable layout is guaranteed. |
| The compiler and linker can optimize memory use based on what variables |
| actively get used and on other criteria. |
| Offsets must be queried, as there is no other way of guaranteeing where (and |
| which) variables reside within the block.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a link-time error to access the same packed uniform or shader storage |
| block in multiple stages within a program. |
| Attempts to access the same packed uniform or shader storage block across |
| programs can result in conflicting member offsets and in undefined values |
| being read. |
| However, implementations may aid application management of packed blocks by |
| using canonical layouts for packed blocks. |
| It is a compile-time error to use the <strong>packed</strong> qualifier when generating |
| SPIR-V.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>std140</strong> and <strong>std430</strong> qualifiers override only the <strong>packed</strong>, <strong>shared</strong>, |
| <strong>std140</strong>, and <strong>std430</strong> qualifiers; other qualifiers are inherited. |
| The <strong>std430</strong> qualifier is supported only for shader storage blocks; a shader |
| using the <strong>std430</strong> qualifier on a uniform block will result in |
| a compile-time error, unless it is also declared with <strong>push_constant</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The layout is explicitly determined by this, as described in section 7.6.2.2 |
| “Standard Uniform Block Layout” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>. |
| Hence, as in <strong>shared</strong> above, the resulting layout is shareable across |
| programs.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Layout qualifiers on member declarations cannot use the <strong>shared</strong>, <strong>packed</strong>, |
| <strong>std140</strong>, or <strong>std430</strong> qualifiers. |
| These can only be used at global scope (without an object) or on a block |
| declaration, or a compile-time error results.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>row_major</strong> and <strong>column_major</strong> qualifiers only affect the layout of |
| matrices, including all matrices contained in structures and arrays they are |
| applied to, to all depths of nesting. |
| These qualifiers can be applied to other types, but will have no effect.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>row_major</strong> qualifier overrides only the <strong>column_major</strong> qualifier; other |
| qualifiers are inherited. |
| Elements within a matrix row will be contiguous in memory.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>column_major</strong> qualifier overrides only the <strong>row_major</strong> qualifier; other |
| qualifiers are inherited. |
| Elements within a matrix column will be contiguous in memory.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>binding</strong> qualifier specifies the uniform buffer binding point |
| corresponding to the uniform or shader storage block, which will be used to |
| obtain the values of the member variables of the block. |
| It is a compile-time error to specify the <strong>binding</strong> qualifier for the global |
| scope or for block member declarations. |
| Any uniform or shader storage block declared without a <strong>binding</strong> qualifier |
| is initially assigned to block binding point zero. |
| After a program is linked, the binding points used for uniform |
| and shader storage blocks |
| declared with or without a <strong>binding</strong> qualifier can be updated |
| by the API.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When used with OpenGL, |
| if the <strong>binding</strong> qualifier is used with a uniform block or shader storage |
| block instanced as an array, the first element of the array takes the |
| specified block binding and each subsequent element takes the next |
| consecutive binding point. |
| For an array of arrays, each element (e.g. 6 elements for a[2][3]) gets a |
| binding point, and they are ordered per the array of array ordering |
| described in “<a href="#arrays">Arrays.</a>”</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When targeting Vulkan, |
| if the <strong>binding</strong> qualifier is used with a uniform block or buffer block |
| instanced as an array, the entire array takes only the provided binding |
| number. |
| The next consecutive binding number is available for a different |
| object. |
| For an array of arrays, descriptor set array element numbers used |
| in descriptor set accesses are ordered per the array-of-array ordering |
| described in “<a href="#arrays">Arrays.</a>”</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the binding point for any uniform or shader storage block instance is |
| less than zero, or greater than or equal to the corresponding |
| implementation-dependent maximum number of buffer bindings, a compile-time |
| error will occur. |
| When the <strong>binding</strong> qualifier is used with a uniform or shader storage block |
| instanced as an array of size <em>N</em>, all elements of the array from <strong>binding</strong> |
| through <em>binding + N - 1</em> must be within this range. |
| It is a compile-time or link-time error to use the same binding number for |
| more than one uniform block or for more than one buffer block.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>set</strong> qualifier is only available when targeting Vulkan. |
| It specifies the descriptor set this object belongs to. |
| It is a compile-time error to apply <strong>set</strong> to a standalone qualifier, to |
| a member of a block, or when not targeting an API that supports descriptor sets. |
| It is a compile-time error to apply <strong>set</strong> to a block qualified as <strong>push_constant</strong>. |
| By default, any non-push-constant uniform or shader storage block declared |
| without a <strong>set</strong> identifier is assigned to descriptor set 0. |
| Similarly, any sampler, texture, or subpass-input type declared as a uniform |
| without a <strong>set</strong> identifier is also assigned to descriptor set 0.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If applied to an object declared as an array, all elements of the array |
| belong to the specified <strong>set</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When generating SPIR-V, it is a compile-time error for either the <strong>set</strong> or |
| <strong>binding</strong> value to exceed a front-end-configuration supplied maximum value.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When multiple arguments are listed in a <strong>layout</strong> declaration, the effect |
| will be the same as if they were declared one at a time, in order from left |
| to right, each in turn inheriting from and overriding the result from the |
| previous qualification.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(row_major, column_major)</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>results in the qualification being <strong>column_major</strong>. |
| Other examples:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(shared, row_major) uniform; <span class="comment">// default is now shared and row_major</span> |
| |
| layout(std140) uniform Transform { <span class="comment">// layout of this block is std140</span> |
| mat4 M1; <span class="comment">// row major</span> |
| layout(column_major) mat4 M2; <span class="comment">// column major</span> |
| mat3 N1; <span class="comment">// row major</span> |
| }; |
| |
| uniform T2 { <span class="comment">// layout of this block is shared</span> |
| ... |
| }; |
| |
| layout(column_major) uniform T3 { <span class="comment">// shared and column major</span> |
| mat4 M3; <span class="comment">// column major</span> |
| layout(row_major) mat4 m4; <span class="comment">// row major</span> |
| mat3 N2; <span class="comment">// column major</span> |
| };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When targeting Vulkan, the <strong>offset</strong> and <strong>align</strong> qualifiers for blocks and |
| block members can only be used with <strong>uniform</strong> and <strong>buffer</strong> blocks. |
| When not targeting Vulkan, they can only be used with blocks declared with |
| <strong>std140</strong> or <strong>std430</strong> layouts.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>offset</strong> qualifier can only be used on block members. |
| The <strong>offset</strong> qualifier forces the qualified member to start at or after the |
| specified <em>layout-qualifier-value</em>, which will be its byte offset from |
| the beginning of the buffer. |
| It is a compile-time error to have any offset, explicit or assigned, that |
| lies within another member of the block. |
| When not generating SPIR-V, it is a compile-time error to specify an offset |
| that is smaller than the offset of the previous member in the block. |
| Two blocks linked together in the same program with the same block name must |
| have the exact same set of members qualified with <strong>offset</strong> and their |
| <em>layout-qualifier-value</em> values must be the same, or a link-time error |
| results. |
| The specified offset must be a multiple of the base alignment of the type of |
| the block member it qualifies, or a compile-time error results.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>align</strong> qualifier makes the start of each block member have a minimum |
| byte alignment. |
| It does not affect the internal layout within each member, which will still |
| follow the <strong>std140</strong> or <strong>std430</strong> rules. |
| The specified alignment must be greater than 0 and a power of 2, or a |
| compile-time error results.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>actual alignment</em> of a member will be the greater of the specified |
| <strong>align</strong> alignment and the standard (e.g. <strong>std140</strong>) base alignment for the |
| member’s type. |
| The <em>actual offset</em> of a member is computed as follows: If <strong>offset</strong> was |
| declared, start with that offset, otherwise start with the offset immediately |
| following the preceding member (in declaration order). |
| If the resulting offset is not a multiple of the <em>actual alignment</em>, |
| increase it to the first offset that is a multiple of the <em>actual |
| alignment</em>. |
| This results in the <em>actual offset</em> the member will have.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When <strong>align</strong> is applied to an array, it affects only the start of the array, |
| not the array’s internal stride. |
| Both an <strong>offset</strong> and an <strong>align</strong> qualifier can be specified on a declaration.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>align</strong> qualifier, when used on a block, has the same effect as |
| qualifying each member with the same <strong>align</strong> value as declared on the block, |
| and gets the same compile-time results and errors as if this had been done. |
| As described in general earlier, an individual member can specify its own |
| <strong>align</strong>, which overrides the block-level <strong>align</strong>, but just for that member.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Examples:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(std140) uniform block { |
| vec4 a; <span class="comment">// a takes offsets 0-15</span> |
| layout(offset = <span class="integer">32</span>) vec3 b; <span class="comment">// b takes offsets 32-43</span> |
| layout(offset = <span class="integer">40</span>) vec2 c; <span class="comment">// ERROR, lies within previous member</span> |
| layout(offset = <span class="integer">48</span>) vec2 d; <span class="comment">// d takes offsets 48-55</span> |
| layout(align = <span class="integer">16</span>) <span class="predefined-type">float</span> e; <span class="comment">// e takes offsets 64-67</span> |
| layout(align = <span class="integer">2</span>) <span class="predefined-type">double</span> f; <span class="comment">// f takes offsets 72-79</span> |
| layout(align = <span class="integer">6</span>) <span class="predefined-type">double</span> g; <span class="comment">// ERROR, 6 is not a power of 2</span> |
| layout(offset = <span class="integer">80</span>) <span class="predefined-type">float</span> h; <span class="comment">// h takes offsets 80-83</span> |
| layout(align = <span class="integer">64</span>) dvec3 i; <span class="comment">// i takes offsets 128-151</span> |
| layout(offset = <span class="integer">164</span>, align = <span class="integer">8</span>) |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> j; <span class="comment">// j takes offsets 168-171</span> |
| };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="opaque-uniform-layout-qualifiers">4.4.6. Opaque Uniform Layout Qualifiers</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Opaque uniform variables can take the uniform layout qualifier for binding:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>binding</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>binding</strong> qualifier specifies the point where the variable will be bound. |
| Any opaque variable declared without a binding qualifier has a default binding |
| of zero.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When used with OpenGL, |
| if the <strong>binding</strong> qualifier is used with an array, the first element of the |
| array takes the specified binding point and each subsequent element takes the |
| next consecutive binding point. |
| For an array of arrays, each element (e.g. 6 elements for a[2][3]) gets a |
| binding point, and they are ordered per the array of array ordering |
| described in “<a href="#arrays">Arrays.</a>”</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When targeting Vulkan, |
| if the <strong>binding</strong> qualifier is used with an array, the entire array |
| takes only the provided binding number. The next consecutive binding |
| number is available for a different object.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the <strong>binding</strong> is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the |
| implementation-dependent maximum supported number of binding points, |
| a compile-time error will occur. |
| When the <strong>binding</strong> qualifier is used with an array of size <em>N</em>, all elements |
| of the array from <strong>binding</strong> through <em>binding + N - 1</em> must be within this |
| range. |
| It is a compile-time or link-time error to use the same <strong>binding</strong> number for |
| more than one atomic counter, unless the <em>offset</em> for the atomic counters |
| sharing the same binding are all different.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A link-time error will result if two shaders in a program specify different |
| <em>layout-qualifier-value</em> bindings for the same opaque-uniform name. |
| However, it is not an error to specify a binding on some but not all |
| declarations for the same name, as shown in the examples below.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">// in one shader...</span> |
| layout(binding=<span class="integer">3</span>) uniform sampler2D s; <span class="comment">// s bound to point 3</span> |
| |
| <span class="comment">// in another shader...</span> |
| uniform sampler2D s; <span class="comment">// okay, s still bound at 3</span> |
| |
| <span class="comment">// in another shader...</span> |
| layout(binding=<span class="integer">4</span>) uniform sampler2D s; <span class="comment">// ERROR: contradictory bindings</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="atomic-counter-layout-qualifiers">4.4.7. Atomic Counter Layout Qualifiers</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomic counters are not available when targeting Vulkan.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomic counter layout qualifiers can be used on atomic counter declarations. |
| The atomic counter qualifiers are:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>binding</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em><br> |
| <strong>offset</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(binding = <span class="integer">2</span>, offset = <span class="integer">4</span>) uniform atomic_uint a;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>will establish that the opaque handle to the atomic counter <em>a</em> will be |
| bound to atomic counter buffer binding point 2 at an offset of 4 basic |
| machine units into that buffer. |
| The default <em>offset</em> for binding point 2 will be post incremented by 4 (the |
| size of an atomic counter).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A subsequent atomic counter declaration will inherit the previous (post |
| incremented) offset. |
| For example, a subsequent declaration of</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(binding = <span class="integer">2</span>) uniform atomic_uint bar;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>will establish that the atomic counter <em>bar</em> has a binding to buffer binding |
| point 2 at an offset of 8 basic machine units into that buffer. |
| The offset for binding point 2 will again be post-incremented by 4 (the size |
| of an atomic counter).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When multiple variables are listed in a layout declaration, the effect will |
| be the same as if they were declared one at a time, in order from left to |
| right.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Binding points are not inherited, only offsets. |
| Each binding point tracks its own current default <em>offset</em> for inheritance |
| of subsequent variables using the same <strong>binding</strong>. |
| The initial state of compilation is that all <strong>binding</strong> points have an |
| <em>offset</em> of 0. |
| The <em>offset</em> can be set per binding point at global scope (without declaring |
| a variable). |
| For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(binding = <span class="integer">2</span>, offset = <span class="integer">4</span>) uniform atomic_uint;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Establishes that the next <strong>atomic_uint</strong> declaration for binding point 2 will |
| inherit <em>offset</em> 4 (but does not establish a default <strong>binding</strong>):</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(binding = <span class="integer">2</span>) uniform atomic_uint bar; <span class="comment">// offset is 4</span> |
| layout(offset = <span class="integer">8</span>) uniform atomic_uint bar; <span class="comment">// error, no default binding</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomic counters may share the same binding point, but if a binding is |
| shared, their offsets must be either explicitly or implicitly (from |
| inheritance) unique and non overlapping.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Example valid uniform declarations, assuming top of shader:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(binding=<span class="integer">3</span>, offset=<span class="integer">4</span>) uniform atomic_uint a; <span class="comment">// offset = 4</span> |
| layout(binding=<span class="integer">2</span>) uniform atomic_uint b; <span class="comment">// offset = 0</span> |
| layout(binding=<span class="integer">3</span>) uniform atomic_uint c; <span class="comment">// offset = 8</span> |
| layout(binding=<span class="integer">2</span>) uniform atomic_uint d; <span class="comment">// offset = 4</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Example of an invalid uniform declaration:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(offset=<span class="integer">4</span>) ... <span class="comment">// error, must include binding</span> |
| layout(binding=<span class="integer">1</span>, offset=<span class="integer">0</span>) ... a; <span class="comment">// okay</span> |
| layout(binding=<span class="integer">2</span>, offset=<span class="integer">0</span>) ... b; <span class="comment">// okay</span> |
| layout(binding=<span class="integer">1</span>, offset=<span class="integer">0</span>) ... c; <span class="comment">// error, offsets must not be shared</span> |
| <span class="comment">// between a and c</span> |
| layout(binding=<span class="integer">1</span>, offset=<span class="integer">2</span>) ... d; <span class="comment">// error, overlaps offset 0 of a</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time error to bind an atomic counter with a binding value |
| greater than or equal to <em>gl_MaxAtomicCounterBindings</em>. |
| It is a compile-time error to declare an unsized array of <strong>atomic_uint</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="format-layout-qualifiers">4.4.8. Format Layout Qualifiers</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Format layout qualifiers can be used on image variable declarations (those |
| declared with a basic type having “<strong>image</strong>” in its keyword). |
| The format layout qualifier identifiers for image variable declarations are:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout-qualifier-id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>float-image-format-qualifier</em><br> |
| <em>int-image-format-qualifier</em><br> |
| <em>uint-image-format-qualifier</em><br> |
| <strong>binding</strong> <strong>=</strong> <em>layout-qualifier-value</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>float-image-format-qualifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>rgba32f</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba16f</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg32f</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg16f</strong><br> |
| <strong>r11f_g11f_b10f</strong><br> |
| <strong>r32f</strong><br> |
| <strong>r16f</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba16</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgb10_a2</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba8</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg16</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg8</strong><br> |
| <strong>r16</strong><br> |
| <strong>r8</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba16_snorm</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba8_snorm</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg16_snorm</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg8_snorm</strong><br> |
| <strong>r16_snorm</strong><br> |
| <strong>r8_snorm</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>int-image-format-qualifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>rgba32i</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba16i</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba8i</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg32i</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg16i</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg8i</strong><br> |
| <strong>r32i</strong><br> |
| <strong>r16i</strong><br> |
| <strong>r8i</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>uint-image-format-qualifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>rgba32ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba16ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgb10_a2ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>rgba8ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg32ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg16ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>rg8ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>r32ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>r16ui</strong><br> |
| <strong>r8ui</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A format layout qualifier specifies the image format associated with a |
| declared image variable. |
| Only one format qualifier may be specified for any image variable |
| declaration. |
| For image variables with floating-point component types (keywords starting |
| with “<strong>image</strong>”), signed integer component types (keywords starting with |
| “<strong>iimage</strong>”), or unsigned integer component types (keywords starting with |
| “<strong>uimage</strong>”), the format qualifier used must match the |
| <em>float-image-format-qualifier</em>, <em>int-image-format-qualifier</em>, or |
| <em>uint-image-format-qualifier</em> grammar rules, respectively. |
| It is a compile-time error to declare an image variable where the format |
| qualifier does not match the image variable type.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Any image variable used for image loads or atomic operations must specify a |
| format layout qualifier; it is a compile-time error to pass an image uniform |
| variable or function parameter declared without a format layout qualifier to |
| an image load or atomic function.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Uniforms not qualified with <strong>writeonly</strong> must have a format layout qualifier. |
| Note that an image variable passed to a function for read access cannot be |
| declared as <strong>writeonly</strong> and hence must have been declared with a format |
| layout qualifier.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>binding</strong> qualifier was described in |
| “<a href="#opaque-uniform-layout-qualifiers">Opaque Uniform Layout Qualifiers</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_subpass_input_qualifier">4.4.9. Subpass Input Qualifier</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Subpass inputs are only available when targeting Vulkan.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Subpass inputs are declared with the basic <strong>subpassInput</strong> types. |
| They must be declared with the layout qualifier |
| <strong>input_attachment_index</strong>, or a compile-time error results. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(input_attachment_index = <span class="integer">2</span>) uniform subpassInput t;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This selects which subpass input is being read from. The value assigned |
| to <strong>input_attachment_index</strong>, say <em>i</em> (<code>input_attachment_index = i</code>), selects |
| that entry (<em>i</em> th entry) in the input list for the pass. See the API |
| documentation for more detail about passes and the input list.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If an array of size <em>N</em> is declared, it consumes <em>N</em> consecutive |
| <strong>input_attachment_index</strong> values, starting with the one provided.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time or link-time error to have different variables |
| declared with the same <strong>input_attachment_index</strong>. |
| This includes any overlap in the implicit <strong>input_attachment_index</strong> consumed by |
| array declarations.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time error if the value assigned to an <strong>input_attachment_index</strong> |
| is greater than or equal to <em>gl_MaxInputAttachments</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="interpolation-qualifiers">4.5. Interpolation Qualifiers</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Inputs and outputs that could be interpolated can be further qualified by at |
| most one of the following interpolation qualifiers:</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Qualifier</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Meaning</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>smooth</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">perspective correct interpolation</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>flat</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">no interpolation</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>noperspective</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">linear interpolation</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The presence of and type of interpolation is controlled by the above |
| interpolation qualifiers as well as the auxiliary storage qualifiers |
| <strong>centroid</strong> and <strong>sample</strong>. |
| When no interpolation qualifier is present, smooth interpolation is used. |
| It is a compile-time error to use more than one interpolation qualifier. |
| The auxiliary storage qualifier <strong>patch</strong> is not used for interpolation; it is |
| a compile-time error to use interpolation qualifiers with <strong>patch</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A variable qualified as <strong>flat</strong> will not be interpolated. |
| Instead, it will have the same value for every fragment within a primitive. |
| This value will come from a single provoking vertex, as described by the |
| <a href="#references">API</a>. |
| A variable qualified as <strong>flat</strong> may also be qualified as <strong>centroid</strong> or |
| <strong>sample</strong>, which will mean the same thing as qualifying it only as <strong>flat</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A variable qualified as <strong>smooth</strong> will be interpolated in a |
| perspective-correct manner over the primitive being rendered. |
| Interpolation in a perspective correct manner is specified in equation 14.7 |
| of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>, section 14.5 “Line Segments”.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A variable qualified as <strong>noperspective</strong> must be interpolated linearly in |
| screen space, as described in equation 3.7 of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>, |
| section 3.5 “Line Segments”.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When multisample rasterization is disabled, or for fragment shader input |
| variables qualified with neither <strong>centroid</strong> nor <strong>sample</strong>, the value of the |
| assigned variable may be interpolated anywhere within the pixel and a single |
| value may be assigned to each sample within the pixel, to the extent |
| permitted by the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When multisample rasterization is enabled, <strong>centroid</strong> and <strong>sample</strong> may be |
| used to control the location and frequency of the sampling of the qualified |
| fragment shader input. |
| If a fragment shader input is qualified with <strong>centroid</strong>, a single value may |
| be assigned to that variable for all samples in the pixel, but that value |
| must be interpolated at a location that lies in both the pixel and in the |
| primitive being rendered, including any of the pixel’s samples covered by |
| the primitive. |
| Because the location at which the variable is interpolated may be different |
| in neighboring pixels, and derivatives may be computed by computing |
| differences between neighboring pixels, derivatives of centroid-sampled |
| inputs may be less accurate than those for non-centroid interpolated |
| variables. |
| If a fragment shader input is qualified with <strong>sample</strong>, a separate value must |
| be assigned to that variable for each covered sample in the pixel, and that |
| value must be sampled at the location of the individual sample.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a link-time error if, within the same stage, the interpolation |
| qualifiers of variables of the same name do not match.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="redeclaring-built-in-interpolation-variables-in-the-compatibility-profile">4.5.1. Redeclaring Built-In Interpolation Variables in the Compatibility Profile</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following predeclared variables can be redeclared with an interpolation |
| qualifier when using the compatibility profile:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Vertex, tessellation control, tessellation evaluation, and geometry |
| languages:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">gl_FrontColor |
| gl_BackColor |
| gl_FrontSecondaryColor |
| gl_BackSecondaryColor</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Fragment language:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">gl_Color |
| gl_SecondaryColor</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in vec4 gl_Color; <span class="comment">// predeclared by the fragment language</span> |
| flat in vec4 gl_Color; <span class="comment">// redeclared by user to be flat</span> |
| flat in vec4 gl_FrontColor; <span class="comment">// input to geometry shader, no "gl_in[]"</span> |
| flat out vec4 gl_FrontColor; <span class="comment">// output from geometry shader</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Ideally, these are redeclared as part of the redeclaration of an interface |
| block, as described in |
| “<a href="#compatibility-profile-built-in-language-variables">Compatibility Profile |
| Built-In Language Variables</a>”. |
| However, for the above purpose, they can be redeclared as individual |
| variables at global scope, outside an interface block. |
| Such redeclarations also allow adding the transform-feedback qualifiers |
| <strong>xfb_buffer</strong>, <strong>xfb_stride</strong>, and <strong>xfb_offset</strong> to output variables. |
| (Using <strong>xfb_buffer</strong> on a variable does not change the global default |
| buffer.) A compile-time error will result if a shader has both an interface |
| block redeclaration and a separate redeclaration of a member of that |
| interface block outside the interface block redeclaration.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If <em>gl_Color</em> is redeclared with an interpolation qualifier, then |
| <em>gl_FrontColor</em> and <em>gl_BackColor</em> (if they are written to) must also be |
| redeclared with the same interpolation qualifier, and vice versa. |
| If <em>gl_SecondaryColor</em> is redeclared with an interpolation qualifier, then |
| <em>gl_FrontSecondaryColor</em> and _gl_BackSecondaryColor _(if they are written |
| to) must also be redeclared with the same interpolation qualifier, and vice |
| versa. |
| This qualifier matching on predeclared variables is only required for |
| variables that are statically used within the shaders in a program.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="parameter-qualifiers">4.6. Parameter Qualifiers</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In addition to precision qualifiers and memory qualifiers, parameters can |
| have these parameter qualifiers.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Qualifier</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Meaning</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><none: default></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">same as <strong>in</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>const</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">for function parameters that cannot be written to</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>in</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">for function parameters passed into a function</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>out</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">for function parameters passed back out of a function, |
| but not initialized for use when passed in</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>inout</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">for function parameters passed both into and out of a |
| function</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Parameter qualifiers are discussed in more detail in |
| “<a href="#function-calling-conventions">Function Calling Conventions</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="precision-and-precision-qualifiers">4.7. Precision and Precision Qualifiers</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When not targeting Vulkan: |
| Precision qualifiers are added for code portability with OpenGL ES, not for |
| functionality. |
| They have the same syntax as in OpenGL ES, as described below, but they have |
| no semantic meaning, which includes no effect on the precision used to store |
| or operate on variables. |
| If an extension adds in the same semantics and functionality in the OpenGL |
| ES 2.0 specification for precision qualifiers, then the extension is allowed |
| to reuse the keywords below for that purpose.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When targeting Vulkan: |
| For interface matching, uniform variables and uniform and buffer block |
| members must have the same precision qualification. |
| Global variables declared in different compilation units linked into the |
| same shader stage must be declared with the same precision qualification.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For the purposes of determining if an output from one shader stage matches |
| an input of the next stage, the precision qualifier need not match.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="range-and-precision">4.7.1. Range and Precision</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The precision of <strong>highp</strong> |
| single- and double-precision |
| floating-point variables is defined by the IEEE 754 standard for |
| 32-bit |
| and 64-bit |
| floating-point numbers.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This includes support for NaNs (Not a Number) and Infs (positive or negative |
| infinities) and positive and negative zeros.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following rules apply to <strong>highp</strong> |
| for both single and double-precision |
| operations: |
| Signed infinities and zeros are generated as dictated by IEEE, but subject |
| to the precisions allowed in the following table. |
| Any subnormal (denormalized) value input into a shader or potentially |
| generated by any operation in a shader can be flushed to 0. |
| The rounding mode cannot be set and is undefined but must not affect the |
| result by more than 1 ULP. |
| NaNs are not required to be generated. |
| Support for signaling NaNs is not required and exceptions are never raised. |
| Operations including built-in functions that operate on a NaN are not |
| required to return a NaN as the result. |
| However if NaNs are generated, <strong>isnan</strong>() must return the correct value.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Precisions are expressed in terms of maximum relative error in units of ULP |
| (units in the last place), unless otherwise noted.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For single precision operations, precisions are required as follows:</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Operation</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Precision</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><em>a</em> + <em>b</em>, <em>a</em> - <em>b</em>, <em>a</em> * <em>b</em></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Correctly rounded.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><, <=, ==, >, >=</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Correct result.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><em>a</em> / <em>b</em>, 1.0 / <em>b</em></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2.5 ULP for <span class="eq">|b|</span> in the range <span class="eq">[2<sup>-126</sup>, 2<sup>126</sup>]</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><em>a</em> * <em>b</em> + <em>c</em></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Correctly rounded single operation or |
| sequence of two correctly rounded operations.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>fma</strong>()</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Inherited from <em>a</em> * <em>b</em> + <em>c</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>pow</strong>(<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Inherited from <strong>exp2</strong>(<em>y</em> * <strong>log2</strong>(<em>x</em>)).</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>exp</strong>(<em>x</em>), <strong>exp2</strong>(<em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><span class="eq">(3 + 2 · |x|)</span> ULP.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>log</strong>(), <strong>log2</strong>()</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">3 ULP outside the range <span class="eq">[0.5,2.0]</span>.<br> |
| Absolute error < 2<sup>-21</sup> inside the range |
| <span class="eq">[0.5,2.0]</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>sqrt</strong>()</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Inherited from 1.0 / <strong>inversesqrt</strong>().</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>inversesqrt</strong>()</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2 ULP.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">implicit and explicit |
| conversions between types</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Correctly rounded.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Built-in functions defined in the specification with an equation built from |
| the above operations inherit the above errors. |
| These include, for example, the geometric functions, the common functions, |
| and many of the matrix functions. |
| Built-in functions not listed above and not defined as equations of the |
| above have undefined precision. |
| These include, for example, the trigonometric functions and determinant.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The precision of double-precision operations is at least that of single |
| precision.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="precision-qualifiers">4.7.2. Precision Qualifiers</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Any |
| single-precision |
| floating-point, integer, or opaque-type declaration can have the type |
| preceded by one of these precision qualifiers:</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Qualifier</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Meaning</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>highp</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">32-bit two’s complement for integers, |
| 32-bit IEEE 754 floating-point for <strong>float</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>mediump</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">SPIR-V <strong>RelaxedPrecision</strong> when targeting Vulkan, otherwise none.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>lowp</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">SPIR-V <strong>RelaxedPrecision</strong> when targeting Vulkan, otherwise none.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">lowp <span class="predefined-type">float</span> color; |
| out mediump vec2 P; |
| lowp ivec2 foo(lowp mat3); |
| highp mat4 m;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Literal constants do not have precision qualifiers. |
| Neither do Boolean variables. |
| Neither do constructors.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For this paragraph, “operation” includes operators, built-in functions, |
| and constructors, and “operand” includes function arguments and |
| constructor arguments. |
| The precision used to internally evaluate an operation, and the precision |
| qualification subsequently associated with any resulting intermediate |
| values, must be at least as high as the highest precision qualification of |
| the operands consumed by the operation.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In cases where operands do not have a precision qualifier, the precision |
| qualification will come from the other operands. |
| If no operands have a precision qualifier, then the precision qualifications |
| of the operands of the next consuming operation in the expression will be |
| used. |
| This rule can be applied recursively until a precision qualified operand is |
| found. |
| If necessary, it will also include the precision qualification of l-values |
| for assignments, of the declared variable for initializers, of formal |
| parameters for function call arguments, or of function return types for |
| function return values. |
| If the precision cannot be determined by this method e.g. if an entire |
| expression is composed only of operands with no precision qualifier, and the |
| result is not assigned or passed as an argument, then it is evaluated at the |
| default precision of the type or greater. |
| When this occurs in the fragment shader, the default precision must be |
| defined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example, consider the statements:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">uniform highp <span class="predefined-type">float</span> h1; |
| highp <span class="predefined-type">float</span> h2 = <span class="float">2</span><span class="float">.3</span> * <span class="float">4</span><span class="float">.7</span>; <span class="comment">// operation and result are highp</span> |
| precision |
| mediump <span class="predefined-type">float</span> m; |
| m = <span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.7</span> * h1 * h2; <span class="comment">// all operations are highp precision</span> |
| h2 = m * h1; <span class="comment">// operation is highp precision</span> |
| m = h2 - h1; <span class="comment">// operation is highp precision</span> |
| h2 = m + m; <span class="comment">// addition and result at mediump precision</span> |
| <span class="directive">void</span> f(highp <span class="predefined-type">float</span> p); |
| f(<span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.3</span>); <span class="comment">// 3.3 will be passed in at highp precision</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Precision qualifiers, as with other qualifiers, do not affect the basic type |
| of the variable. |
| In particular, there are no constructors for precision conversions; |
| constructors only convert types. |
| Similarly, precision qualifiers, as with other qualifiers, do not contribute |
| to function overloading based on parameter types. |
| As discussed in “<a href="#function-calling-conventions">Function Calling |
| Conventions</a>”, function input and output is done through copies, and |
| therefore qualifiers do not have to match.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The precision of a variable is determined when the variable is declared and |
| cannot be subsequently changed.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Where the precision of a constant integral or constant floating-point |
| expression is not specified, evaluation is performed at <strong>highp</strong>. |
| This rule does not affect the precision qualification of the expression.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The evaluation of constant expressions must be invariant and will usually be |
| performed at compile time.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="default-precision-qualifiers">4.7.3. Default Precision Qualifiers</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The precision statement</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">precision precision-qualifier type;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>can be used to establish a default precision qualifier. |
| The <em>type</em> field can be either <strong>int</strong>, <strong>float</strong>, or any of the opaque types, |
| and the <em>precision-qualifier</em> can be <strong>lowp</strong>, <strong>mediump</strong>, or <strong>highp</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Any other types or qualifiers will result in a compile-time error. |
| If <em>type</em> is <strong>float</strong>, the directive applies to non-precision-qualified |
| single-precision |
| floating-point type (scalar, vector, and matrix) declarations. |
| If <em>type</em> is <strong>int</strong>, the directive applies to all non-precision-qualified |
| integer type (scalar, vector, signed, and unsigned) declarations. |
| This includes global variable declarations, function return declarations, |
| function parameter declarations, and local variable declarations.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Non-precision qualified declarations will use the precision qualifier |
| specified in the most recent <strong>precision</strong> statement that is still in scope. |
| The <strong>precision</strong> statement has the same scoping rules as variable |
| declarations. |
| If it is declared inside a compound statement, its effect stops at the end |
| of the inner-most statement it was declared in. |
| Precision statements in nested scopes override precision statements in outer |
| scopes. |
| Multiple precision statements for the same basic type can appear inside the |
| same scope, with later statements overriding earlier statements within that |
| scope.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For any type that accepts a precision qualifier, |
| the default precision qualification will be <strong>highp</strong>. |
| Because all types requiring a precision qualifier have a default precision, |
| there are no errors for omission of a precision qualifier.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="available-precision-qualifiers">4.7.4. Available Precision Qualifiers</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The built-in macro GL_FRAGMENT_PRECISION_HIGH is defined to one:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="preprocessor">#define</span> GL_FRAGMENT_PRECISION_HIGH <span class="integer">1</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This macro is available in all languages except compute.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="variance-and-the-invariant-qualifier">4.8. Variance and the Invariant Qualifier</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In this section, <em>variance</em> refers to the possibility of getting different |
| values from the same expression in different programs. |
| For example, consider the situation where two vertex shaders, in different |
| programs, each set <em>gl_Position</em> with the same expression, and the input |
| values into that expression are the same when both shaders run. |
| It is possible, due to independent compilation of the two shaders, that the |
| values assigned to <em>gl_Position</em> are not exactly the same when the two |
| shaders run. |
| In this example, this can cause problems with alignment of geometry in a |
| multi-pass algorithm.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In general, such variance between shaders is allowed. |
| When such variance does not exist for a particular output variable, that |
| variable is said to be <em>invariant</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="the-invariant-qualifier">4.8.1. The Invariant Qualifier</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To ensure that a particular output variable is invariant, it is necessary to |
| use the <strong>invariant</strong> qualifier. |
| It can either be used to qualify a previously declared variable as being |
| invariant:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">invariant gl_Position; <span class="comment">// make existing gl_Position be invariant</span> |
| out vec3 Color; |
| invariant Color; <span class="comment">// make existing Color be invariant</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>or as part of a declaration when a variable is declared:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">invariant centroid out vec3 Color;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Only variables output from a shader can be candidates for invariance. |
| This includes user-defined output variables and the built-in output |
| variables. |
| As only outputs can be declared as invariant, an output from one shader |
| stage will still match an input of a subsequent stage without the input |
| being declared as invariant.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Input or output instance names on blocks are not used when redeclaring |
| built-in variables.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>invariant</strong> keyword can be followed by a comma separated list of |
| previously declared identifiers. |
| All uses of <strong>invariant</strong> must be at global scope or on block |
| members, and before any use of the variables being declared as invariant.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To guarantee invariance of a particular output variable across two programs, |
| the following must also be true:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>The output variable is declared as invariant in both programs.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The same values must be input to all shader input variables consumed by |
| expressions and control flow contributing to the value assigned to the |
| output variable.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The texture formats, texel values, and texture filtering are set the |
| same way for any texture function calls contributing to the value of the |
| output variable.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>All input values are all operated on in the same way. |
| All operations in the consuming expressions and any intermediate |
| expressions must be the same, with the same order of operands and same |
| associativity, to give the same order of evaluation. |
| Intermediate variables and functions must be declared as the same type |
| with the same explicit or implicit precision |
| qualifiers. |
| Any control flow affecting the output value must be the same, and any |
| expressions consumed to determine this control flow must also follow |
| these invariance rules.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>All the data flow and control flow leading to setting the invariant |
| output variable reside in a single compilation unit.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Essentially, all the data flow and control flow leading to an invariant |
| output must match.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Initially, by default, all output variables are allowed to be variant. |
| To force all output variables to be invariant, use the pragma</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="preprocessor">#pragma</span> STDGL invariant(all)</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>before all declarations in a shader. |
| If this pragma is used after the declaration of any variables or functions, |
| then the set of outputs that behave as invariant is undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Generally, invariance is ensured at the cost of flexibility in optimization, |
| so performance can be degraded by use of invariance. |
| Hence, use of this pragma is intended as a debug aid, to avoid individually |
| declaring all output variables as invariant.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="invariance-of-constant-expressions">4.8.2. Invariance of Constant Expressions</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Invariance must be guaranteed for constant expressions. |
| A particular constant expression must evaluate to the same result if it |
| appears again in the same shader or a different shader. |
| This includes the same expression appearing in two shaders of the same |
| language or shaders of two different languages.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Constant expressions must evaluate to the same result when operated on as |
| already described above for invariant variables.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="the-precise-qualifier">4.9. The Precise Qualifier</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Some algorithms require floating-point computations to exactly follow the |
| order of operations specified in the source code and to treat all operations |
| consistently, even if the implementation supports optimizations that could |
| produce nearly equivalent results with higher performance. |
| For example, many GL implementations support a “multiply-add” instruction |
| that can compute a floating-point expression such as</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">result = (a * b) + (c * d);</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>in two operations instead of three operations; one multiply and one |
| multiply-add instead of two multiplies and one add. |
| The result of a floating-point multiply-add might not always be identical to |
| first doing a multiply yielding a floating-point result and then doing a |
| floating-point add. |
| Hence, in this example, the two multiply operations would not be treated |
| consistently; the two multiplies could effectively appear to have differing |
| precisions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The key computation that needs to be made consistent appears when |
| tessellating, where intermediate points for subdivision are synthesized in |
| different directions, yet need to yield the same result, as shown in the |
| diagram below.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div id="img-precise" class="imageblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

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</svg>" alt="precise"> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Without any qualifiers, implementations are permitted to perform |
| optimizations that effectively modify the order or number of operations used |
| to evaluate an expression, even if those optimizations may produce slightly |
| different results relative to unoptimized code.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>precise</strong> qualifier ensures that operations contributing to a |
| variable’s value are done in their stated order and with operator consistency. |
| The order is determined by operator precedence and parenthesis, as described in |
| “<a href="#operators">Operators</a>”. |
| Operator consistency means for each particular operator, for example the |
| multiply operator (<strong>*</strong>), its operation is always computed with the same |
| precision. |
| Specifically, values computed by compiler-generated code must adhere to the |
| following identities:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>a + b = b + a</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>a * b = b * a</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>a * b + c * d = b * a + c* d = d * c + b * a = <any other mathematically |
| valid combination></p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>While the following are prevented:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>a + (b + c) is not allowed to become (a + b) + c</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>a * (b * c) is not allowed to become (a * b) * c</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>a * b + c is not allowed to become a single operation <strong>fma</strong>(a, b, c)</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Where <em>a</em>, <em>b</em>, <em>c</em>, and <em>d</em>, are scalars or vectors, not matrices. |
| (Matrix multiplication generally does not commute.) It is the shader |
| writer’s responsibility to express the computation in terms of these rules |
| and the compiler’s responsibility to follow these rules. |
| See the description of <em>gl_TessCoord</em> for the rules the tessellation stages |
| are responsible for following, which in conjunction with the above allow |
| avoiding cracking when subdividing.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">precise out vec4 position;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>declares that operations used to produce the value of <em>position</em> must be |
| performed in exactly the order specified in the source code and with all |
| operators being treated consistently. |
| As with the <strong>invariant</strong> qualifier (see “<a href="#the-invariant-qualifier">The |
| Invariant Qualifier</a>”), the <strong>precise</strong> qualifier may be used to qualify a |
| built-in or previously declared user-defined variable as being precise:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">out vec3 Color; |
| precise Color; <span class="comment">// make existing Color be precise</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When applied to a block, a structure type, or a variable of structure type, |
| <strong>precise</strong> applies to each contained member, recursively.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This qualifier will affect the evaluation of an r-value in a particular |
| function if and only if the result is eventually consumed in the same |
| function by an l-value qualified as <strong>precise</strong>. |
| Any other expressions within a function are not affected, including return |
| values and output parameters not declared as <strong>precise</strong> but that are |
| eventually consumed outside the function by a variable qualified as |
| <strong>precise</strong>. Unaffected expressions also include the controlling expressions |
| in selection and iteration statements and the condition in ternary |
| operators (<strong>?:</strong>).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Some examples of the use of <strong>precise</strong>:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in vec4 a, b, c, d; |
| precise out vec4 v; |
| |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> func(<span class="predefined-type">float</span> e, <span class="predefined-type">float</span> f, <span class="predefined-type">float</span> g, <span class="predefined-type">float</span> h) |
| { |
| <span class="keyword">return</span> (e*f) + (g*h); <span class="comment">// no constraint on order or operator consistency</span> |
| } |
| |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> func2(<span class="predefined-type">float</span> e, <span class="predefined-type">float</span> f, <span class="predefined-type">float</span> g, <span class="predefined-type">float</span> h) |
| { |
| precise <span class="predefined-type">float</span> result = (e*f) + (g*h); <span class="comment">// ensures same precision for the two multiplies</span> |
| <span class="keyword">return</span> result; |
| } |
| |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> func3(<span class="predefined-type">float</span> i, <span class="predefined-type">float</span> j, precise out <span class="predefined-type">float</span> k) |
| { |
| k = i * i + j; <span class="comment">// precise, due to <k> declaration</span> |
| } |
| |
| <span class="directive">void</span> main() |
| { |
| vec3 r = vec3(a * b); <span class="comment">// precise, used to compute v.xyz</span> |
| vec3 s = vec3(c * d); <span class="comment">// precise, used to compute v.xyz</span> |
| v.xyz = r + s; <span class="comment">// precise</span> |
| v.w = (a.w * b.w) + (c.w * d.w); <span class="comment">// precise</span> |
| v.x = func(a.x, b.x, c.x, d.x); <span class="comment">// values computed in func() are NOT precise</span> |
| v.x = func2(a.x, b.x, c.x, d.x); <span class="comment">// precise!</span> |
| func3(a.x * b.x, c.x * d.x, v.x); <span class="comment">// precise!</span> |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For the purposes of determining if an output from one shader stage matches |
| an input of the next stage, the <strong>precise</strong> qualifier need not match between |
| the input and the output.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All constant expressions are evaluated as if <strong>precise</strong> was present, whether |
| or not it is present. |
| However, as described in “<a href="#constant-expressions">Constant Expressions</a>”, |
| there is no requirement that a compile-time constant expression evaluates to |
| the same value as a corresponding non-constant expression.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="memory-qualifiers">4.10. Memory Qualifiers</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Shader storage blocks, variables declared within shader storage blocks and |
| variables declared as image types (the basic opaque types with “<strong>image</strong>” |
| in their keyword), can be further qualified with one or more of the |
| following memory qualifiers:</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Qualifier</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Meaning</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>coherent</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">memory variable where reads and writes are coherent with |
| reads and writes from other shader invocations</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>volatile</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">memory variable whose underlying value may be changed at any |
| point during shader execution by some source other than the |
| current shader invocation</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>restrict</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">memory variable where use of that variable is the only way |
| to read and write the underlying memory in the relevant |
| shader stage</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>readonly</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">memory variable that can be used to read the underlying |
| memory, but cannot be used to write the underlying memory</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>writeonly</strong></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">memory variable that can be used to write the underlying |
| memory, but cannot be used to read the underlying memory</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Memory accesses to image variables declared using the <strong>coherent</strong> qualifier |
| are performed coherently with accesses to the same location from other |
| shader invocations. |
| In particular, when reading a variable declared as <strong>coherent</strong>, the values |
| returned will reflect the results of previously completed writes performed |
| by other shader invocations. |
| When writing a variable declared as <strong>coherent</strong>, the values written will be |
| reflected in subsequent coherent reads performed by other shader |
| invocations.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>As described in section |
| 7.12 |
| “Shader Memory Access” of the |
| <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>, shader memory reads and writes complete in a |
| largely undefined order. |
| The built-in function <strong>memoryBarrier</strong>() can be used if needed to guarantee |
| the completion and relative ordering of memory accesses performed by a |
| single shader invocation.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When accessing memory using variables not declared as <strong>coherent</strong>, the memory |
| accessed by a shader may be cached by the implementation to service future |
| accesses to the same address. |
| Memory stores may be cached in such a way that the values written may not be |
| visible to other shader invocations accessing the same memory. |
| The implementation may cache the values fetched by memory reads and return |
| the same values to any shader invocation accessing the same memory, even if |
| the underlying memory has been modified since the first memory read. |
| While variables not declared as <strong>coherent</strong> may not be useful for |
| communicating between shader invocations, using non-coherent accesses may |
| result in higher performance.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Memory accesses to image variables declared using the <strong>volatile</strong> qualifier |
| must treat the underlying memory as though it could be read or written at |
| any point during shader execution by some source other than the executing |
| shader invocation. |
| When a volatile variable is read, its value must be re-fetched from the |
| underlying memory, even if the shader invocation performing the read had |
| previously fetched its value from the same memory. |
| When a volatile variable is written, its value must be written to the |
| underlying memory, even if the compiler can conclusively determine that its |
| value will be overwritten by a subsequent write. |
| Since the external source reading or writing a <strong>volatile</strong> variable may be |
| another shader invocation, variables declared as <strong>volatile</strong> are |
| automatically treated as coherent.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Memory accesses to image variables declared using the <strong>restrict</strong> qualifier |
| may be compiled assuming that the variable used to perform the memory access |
| is the only way to access the underlying memory using the shader stage in |
| question. |
| This allows the compiler to coalesce or reorder loads and stores using |
| <strong>restrict</strong>-qualified image variables in ways that wouldn’t be permitted |
| for image variables not so qualified, because the compiler can assume that |
| the underlying image won’t be read or written by other code. |
| Applications are responsible for ensuring that image memory referenced by |
| variables qualified with <strong>restrict</strong> will not be referenced using other |
| variables in the same scope; otherwise, accesses to <strong>restrict</strong>-qualified |
| variables will have undefined results.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Memory accesses to image variables declared using the <strong>readonly</strong> qualifier |
| may only read the underlying memory, which is treated as read-only memory |
| and cannot be written to. |
| It is a compile-time error to pass an image variable qualified with |
| <strong>readonly</strong> to <strong>imageStore</strong>() or other built-in functions that modify image |
| memory.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Memory accesses to image variables declared using the <strong>writeonly</strong> qualifier |
| may only write the underlying memory; the underlying memory cannot be read. |
| It is a compile-time error to pass an image variable qualified with |
| <strong>writeonly</strong> to <strong>imageLoad</strong>() or other built-in functions that read image |
| memory.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A variable could be qualified as both <strong>readonly</strong> and <strong>writeonly</strong>, disallowing |
| both read and write. Such variables can still be used with some queries, for |
| example <strong>imageSize</strong>() and <strong>.length</strong>().</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The memory qualifiers <strong>coherent</strong>, <strong>volatile</strong>, <strong>restrict</strong>, <strong>readonly</strong>, and |
| <strong>writeonly</strong> may be used in the declaration of buffer variables (i.e., |
| members of shader storage blocks). |
| When a buffer variable is declared with a memory qualifier, the behavior |
| specified for memory accesses involving image variables described above |
| applies identically to memory accesses involving that buffer variable. |
| It is a compile-time error to assign to a buffer variable qualified with |
| <strong>readonly</strong> or to read from a buffer variable qualified with <strong>writeonly</strong>. |
| The combination <strong>readonly</strong> <strong>writeonly</strong> is allowed.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Additionally, memory qualifiers may be used at the block-level declaration |
| of a shader storage block, including the combination <strong>readonly</strong> <strong>writeonly</strong>. |
| When a block declaration is qualified with a memory qualifier, it is as if |
| all of its members were declared with the same memory qualifier. |
| For example, the block declaration</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">coherent buffer Block { |
| readonly vec4 member1; |
| vec4 member2; |
| };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>is equivalent to</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">buffer Block { |
| coherent readonly vec4 member1; |
| coherent vec4 member2; |
| };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Memory qualifiers are only supported in the declarations of image variables, |
| buffer variables, and shader storage blocks; it is an error to use such |
| qualifiers in any other declarations.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When calling user-defined functions, variables qualified with <strong>coherent</strong>, |
| <strong>volatile</strong>, <strong>readonly</strong>, or <strong>writeonly</strong> may not be passed to functions whose |
| formal parameters lack such qualifiers. |
| (See “<a href="#function-definitions">Function Definitions</a>” for more detail on |
| function calling.) It is legal to have any additional memory qualifiers on a |
| formal parameter, but only <strong>restrict</strong> can be taken away from a calling |
| argument, by a formal parameter that lacks the <strong>restrict</strong> qualifier.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When a built-in function is called, the code generated is to be based on the |
| actual qualification of the calling argument, not on the list of memory |
| qualifiers specified on the formal parameter in the prototype.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4 funcA(restrict image2D a) { ... } |
| vec4 funcB(image2D a) { ... } |
| layout(rgba32f) uniform image2D img1; |
| layout(rgba32f) coherent uniform image2D img2; |
| |
| funcA(img1); <span class="comment">// OK, adding "restrict" is allowed</span> |
| funcB(img2); <span class="comment">// illegal, stripping "coherent" is not</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Layout qualifiers cannot be used on formal function parameters, and layout |
| qualification is not included in parameter matching.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note that the use of <strong>const</strong> in an image variable declaration is qualifying |
| the const-ness of the variable being declared, not the image it refers to. |
| The qualifier <strong>readonly</strong> qualifies the image memory (as accessed through |
| that variable) while <strong>const</strong> qualifies the variable itself.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="specialization-constant-qualifier">4.11. Specialization-Constant Qualifier</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Specialization constants are used only for SPIR-V and declared using the |
| <strong>constant_id</strong> layout qualifier. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(constant_id = <span class="integer">17</span>) <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> arraySize = <span class="integer">12</span>;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The above makes a specialization constant with a default value of 12. |
| The number 17 is an example author-chosen id by which the API or other tools |
| can later refer to this specific specialization constant. |
| If it is never changed before final lowering, it will retain the value of |
| 12. |
| It is a compile-time error to use the <strong>constant_id</strong> qualifier on anything |
| but SPIR-V generation of a scalar <strong>bool</strong>, <strong>int</strong>, <strong>uint</strong>, <strong>float</strong>, or |
| <strong>double</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Built-in constants can be declared to be specialization constants. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(constant_id = <span class="integer">31</span>) gl_MaxClipDistances; <span class="comment">// add specialization_id</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The declaration uses just the name of the previously declared built-in |
| variable, with a <strong>constant_id</strong> layout-qualifier declaration. |
| It is a compile-time error to do this after the constant has been used: |
| Constants are strictly either non-specialization constants or specialization |
| constants, not both.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The built-in constant vector <em>gl_WorkGroupSize</em> can be specialized using the |
| <strong>local_size_{xyz}_id</strong> qualifiers, to individually give the components an id. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(local_size_x_id = <span class="integer">18</span>, local_size_z_id = <span class="integer">19</span>) in;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This leaves <em>gl_WorkGroupSize.y</em> as a non-specialization constant, with |
| <em>gl_WorkGroupSize</em> being a partially specialized vector. |
| Its <em>x</em> and <em>z</em> components can be later specialized, after generating |
| SPIR-V, using the ids 18 and 19. |
| These ids are declared independently from declaring the workgroup size:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(local_size_x = <span class="integer">32</span>, local_size_y = <span class="integer">32</span>) in; <span class="comment">// size is (32,32,1)</span> |
| layout(local_size_x_id = <span class="integer">18</span>) in; <span class="comment">// constant_id for x</span> |
| layout(local_size_z_id = <span class="integer">19</span>) in; <span class="comment">// constant_id for z</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Existing rules for declaring <strong>local_size_x</strong>, <strong>local_size_y</strong>, and |
| <strong>local_size_z</strong> are not changed. |
| For the local-size ids, it is a compile-time error to provide different id |
| values for the same local-size id, or to provide them after any use. |
| Otherwise, order, placement, number of statements, and replication do not |
| cause errors.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Two arrays sized with specialization constants are the same type only if |
| sized with the same symbol, and involving no operations. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">layout(constant_id = <span class="integer">51</span>) <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> aSize = <span class="integer">20</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> pad = <span class="integer">2</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> total = aSize + pad; <span class="comment">// specialization constant</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> a[total], b[total]; <span class="comment">// a and b have the same type</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> c[<span class="integer">22</span>]; <span class="comment">// different type than a or b</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> d[aSize + pad]; <span class="comment">// different type than a, b, or c</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> e[aSize + <span class="integer">2</span>]; <span class="comment">// different type than a, b, c, or d</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Types containing arrays sized with a specialization constant cannot be |
| compared, assigned as aggregates, declared with an initializer, or used as |
| an initializer. |
| They can, however, be passed as arguments to functions having formal |
| parameters of the same type. |
| Only the outer-most dimension of a variable declared as an array of arrays |
| can be a specialization constant, otherwise a compile-time error results.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Arrays inside a block may be sized with a specialization constant, but the |
| block will have a static layout. |
| Changing the specialized size will not re-layout the block. |
| In the absence of explicit offsets, the layout will be based on the default |
| size of the array.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="order-of-qualification">4.12. Order and Repetition of Qualification</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When multiple qualifiers are present in a declaration, they may appear in |
| any order, but they must all appear before the type. |
| The <strong>layout</strong> qualifier is the only qualifier that can appear more than once. |
| Further, a declaration can have at most one storage qualifier, at most one |
| auxiliary storage qualifier, and at most one interpolation qualifier. |
| If <strong>inout</strong> is used, neither <strong>in</strong> nor <strong>out</strong> may be used. |
| Multiple memory qualifiers can be used. |
| Any violation of these rules will cause a compile-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="empty-declarations">4.13. Empty Declarations</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>Empty declarations</em> are declarations without a variable name, meaning no |
| object is instantiated by the declaration. |
| Generally, empty declarations are allowed. |
| Some are useful when declaring structures, while many others have no effect. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">int</span>; <span class="comment">// No effect</span> |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> S {<span class="predefined-type">int</span> x;}; <span class="comment">// Defines a struct S</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The combinations of qualifiers that cause compile-time or link-time errors |
| are the same whether or not the declaration is empty, for example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">invariant in <span class="predefined-type">float</span> x; <span class="comment">// Error. An input cannot be invariant.</span> |
| invariant in <span class="predefined-type">float</span>; <span class="comment">// Error even though no variable is declared.</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="operators-and-expressions">5. Operators and Expressions</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="operators">5.1. Operators</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The OpenGL Shading Language has the following operators.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Precedence</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Operator Class</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Operators</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Associativity</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">1 (highest)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">parenthetical grouping</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">( )</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">NA</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">array subscript<br> |
| function call and constructor structure<br> |
| field or method selector, swizzle<br> |
| post fix increment and decrement</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">[ ]<br> |
| ( )<br> |
| .<br> |
| ++ --</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">3</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">prefix increment and decrement<br> |
| unary</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">++ --<br> |
| + - ~ !</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Right to Left</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">4</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">multiplicative</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">* / %</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">5</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">additive</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">+ -</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">6</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bit-wise shift</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><< >></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">7</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">relational</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">< > <= >=</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">8</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">equality</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">== !=</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">9</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bit-wise and</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">&</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">10</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bit-wise exclusive or</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">^</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">11</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bit-wise inclusive or</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">|</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">12</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">logical and</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">&&</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">13</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">logical exclusive or</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">^^</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">14</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">logical inclusive or</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">||</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">15</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">selection</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">? :</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Right to Left</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">16</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Assignment<br> |
| arithmetic assignments</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">=<br> |
| += -=<br> |
| *= /=<br> |
| %= <<= >>=<br> |
| &= ^= |=</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Right to Left</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">17 (lowest)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">sequence</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">,</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Left to Right</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There is no address-of operator nor a dereference operator. |
| There is no typecast operator; constructors are used instead.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="array-operations">5.2. Array Operations</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These are now described in “<a href="#structure-and-array-operations">Structure and |
| Array Operations</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="function-calls">5.3. Function Calls</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If a function returns a value, then a call to that function may be used as |
| an expression, whose type will be the type that was used to declare or |
| define the function.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Function definitions and calling conventions are discussed in |
| “<a href="#function-definitions">Function Definitions</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="constructors">5.4. Constructors</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Constructors use the function call syntax, where the function name is a |
| type, and the call makes an object of that type. |
| Constructors are used the same way in both initializers and expressions. |
| (See “<a href="#shading-language-grammar">Shading Language Grammar</a>” for details.) |
| The parameters are used to initialize the constructed value. |
| Constructors can be used to request a data type conversion to change from |
| one scalar type to another scalar type, or to build larger types out of |
| smaller types, or to reduce a larger type to a smaller type.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In general, constructors are not built-in functions with predetermined |
| prototypes. |
| For arrays and structures, there must be exactly one argument in the |
| constructor for each element or member. |
| For the other types, the arguments must provide a sufficient number of |
| components to perform the initialization, and it is a compile-time error to |
| include so many arguments that they cannot all be used. |
| Detailed rules follow. |
| The prototypes actually listed below are merely a subset of examples.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="conversion-and-scalar-constructors">5.4.1. Conversion and Scalar Constructors</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Converting between scalar types is done as the following prototypes |
| indicate:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">int</span>(uint) <span class="comment">// converts an unsigned integer to a signed integer</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span>(<span class="predefined-type">bool</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a Boolean value to an int</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span>(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a float value to an int</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span>(<span class="predefined-type">double</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a double value to a signed integer</span> |
| uint(<span class="predefined-type">int</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a signed integer value to an unsigned integer</span> |
| uint(<span class="predefined-type">bool</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a Boolean value to an unsigned integer</span> |
| uint(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a float value to an unsigned integer</span> |
| uint(<span class="predefined-type">double</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a double value to an unsigned integer</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">bool</span>(<span class="predefined-type">int</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a signed integer value to a Boolean</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">bool</span>(uint) <span class="comment">// converts an unsigned integer value to a Boolean value</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">bool</span>(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a float value to a Boolean</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">bool</span>(<span class="predefined-type">double</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a double value to a Boolean</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span>(<span class="predefined-type">int</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a signed integer value to a float</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span>(uint) <span class="comment">// converts an unsigned integer value to a float value</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span>(<span class="predefined-type">bool</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a Boolean value to a float</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span>(<span class="predefined-type">double</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a double value to a float</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">double</span>(<span class="predefined-type">int</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a signed integer value to a double</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">double</span>(uint) <span class="comment">// converts an unsigned integer value to a double</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">double</span>(<span class="predefined-type">bool</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a Boolean value to a double</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">double</span>(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>) <span class="comment">// converts a float value to a double</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When constructors are used to convert a floating-point type to an integer |
| type, the fractional part of the floating-point value is dropped. |
| It is undefined to convert a negative floating-point value to an <strong>uint</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Integer values having more bits of precision than a single-precision |
| floating-point mantissa will lose precision when converted to <strong>float</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When a constructor is used to convert any integer or floating-point type to |
| a <strong>bool</strong>, 0 and 0.0 are converted to <strong>false</strong>, and non-zero values are |
| converted to <strong>true</strong>. |
| When a constructor is used to convert a <strong>bool</strong> to any integer or |
| floating-point type, <strong>false</strong> is converted to 0 or 0.0, and <strong>true</strong> is |
| converted to 1 or 1.0.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The constructor <strong>int</strong>(<strong>uint</strong>) preserves the bit pattern in the argument, |
| which will change the argument’s value if its sign bit is set. |
| The constructor <strong>uint</strong>(<strong>int</strong>) preserves the bit pattern in the argument, |
| which will change its value if it is negative.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Identity constructors, like <strong>float</strong>(<strong>float</strong>) are also legal, but of little |
| use.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Scalar constructors with non-scalar parameters can be used to take the first |
| element from a non-scalar. |
| For example, the constructor <strong>float</strong>(<strong>vec3</strong>) will select the first component |
| of the <strong>vec3</strong> parameter.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="vector-and-matrix-constructors">5.4.2. Vector and Matrix Constructors</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Constructors can be used to create vectors or matrices from a set of |
| scalars, vectors, or matrices. |
| This includes the ability to shorten vectors.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If there is a single scalar parameter to a vector constructor, it is used to |
| initialize all components of the constructed vector to that scalar’s value. |
| If there is a single scalar parameter to a matrix constructor, it is used to |
| initialize all the components on the matrix’s diagonal, with the remaining |
| components initialized to 0.0.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If a vector is constructed from multiple scalars, one or more vectors, or |
| one or more matrices, or a mixture of these, the vector’s components will be |
| constructed in order from the components of the arguments. |
| The arguments will be consumed left to right, and each argument will have |
| all its components consumed, in order, before any components from the next |
| argument are consumed. |
| Similarly for constructing a matrix from multiple scalars or vectors, or a |
| mixture of these. |
| Matrix components will be constructed and consumed in column major order. |
| In these cases, there must be enough components provided in the arguments to |
| provide an initializer for every component in the constructed value. |
| It is a compile-time error to provide extra arguments beyond this last used |
| argument.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If a matrix is constructed from a matrix, then each component (column <em>i</em>, |
| row <em>j</em>) in the result that has a corresponding component (column <em>i</em>, row |
| <em>j</em>) in the argument will be initialized from there. |
| All other components will be initialized to the identity matrix. |
| If a matrix argument is given to a matrix constructor, it is |
| a compile-time error to have any other arguments.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the basic type (<strong>bool</strong>, <strong>int</strong>, |
| <strong>float</strong>, or <strong>double</strong>) |
| of a parameter to a |
| constructor does not match the basic type of the object being constructed, |
| the scalar construction rules (above) are used to convert the parameters.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Some useful vector constructors are as follows:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec3(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>) <span class="comment">// initializes each component of the vec3 with the float</span> |
| vec4(ivec4) <span class="comment">// makes a vec4 with component-wise conversion</span> |
| vec4(mat2) <span class="comment">// the vec4 is column 0 followed by column 1</span> |
| vec2(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>) <span class="comment">// initializes a vec2 with 2 floats</span> |
| ivec3(<span class="predefined-type">int</span>, <span class="predefined-type">int</span>, <span class="predefined-type">int</span>) <span class="comment">// initializes an ivec3 with 3 ints</span> |
| bvec4(<span class="predefined-type">int</span>, <span class="predefined-type">int</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>) <span class="comment">// uses 4 Boolean conversions</span> |
| vec2(vec3) <span class="comment">// drops the third component of a vec3</span> |
| vec3(vec4) <span class="comment">// drops the fourth component of a vec4</span> |
| vec3(vec2, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>) <span class="comment">// vec3.x = vec2.x, vec3.y = vec2.y, vec3.z = float</span> |
| vec3(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>, vec2) <span class="comment">// vec3.x = float, vec3.y = vec2.x, vec3.z = vec2.y</span> |
| vec4(vec3, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>) |
| vec4(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>, vec3) |
| vec4(vec2, vec2)</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Some examples of these are:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4 color = vec4(<span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>); |
| vec4 rgba = vec4(<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>); <span class="comment">// sets each component to 1.0</span> |
| vec3 rgb = vec3(color); <span class="comment">// drop the 4th component</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To initialize the diagonal of a matrix with all other elements set to zero:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">mat2(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>) |
| mat3(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>) |
| mat4(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>)</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>That is, <em>result[i][j]</em> is set to the <em>float</em> argument for all \(i |
| = j\) and set to 0 for all \(i \neq j\).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To initialize a matrix by specifying vectors or scalars, the components are |
| assigned to the matrix elements in column-major order.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">mat2(vec2, vec2); <span class="comment">// one column per argument</span> |
| mat3(vec3, vec3, vec3); <span class="comment">// one column per argument</span> |
| mat4(vec4, vec4, vec4, vec4); <span class="comment">// one column per argument</span> |
| mat3x2(vec2, vec2, vec2); <span class="comment">// one column per argument</span> |
| dmat2(dvec2, dvec2); |
| dmat3(dvec3, dvec3, dvec3); |
| dmat4(dvec4, dvec4, dvec4, dvec4); |
| mat2(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="comment">// first column</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>); <span class="comment">// second column</span> |
| mat3(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="comment">// first column</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="comment">// second column</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>); <span class="comment">// third column</span> |
| mat4(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="comment">// first column</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="comment">// second column</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="comment">// third column</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>); <span class="comment">// fourth column</span> |
| mat2x3(vec2, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>, <span class="comment">// first column</span> |
| vec2, <span class="predefined-type">float</span>); <span class="comment">// second column</span> |
| dmat2x4(dvec3, <span class="predefined-type">double</span>, <span class="comment">// first column</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">double</span>, dvec3); <span class="comment">// second column</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A wide range of other possibilities exist, to construct a matrix from |
| vectors and scalars, as long as enough components are present to initialize |
| the matrix. |
| To construct a matrix from a matrix:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">mat3x3(mat4x4); <span class="comment">// takes the upper-left 3x3 of the mat4x4</span> |
| mat2x3(mat4x2); <span class="comment">// takes the upper-left 2x2 of the mat4x4, last row is 0,0</span> |
| mat4x4(mat3x3); <span class="comment">// puts the mat3x3 in the upper-left, sets the lower right</span> |
| <span class="comment">// component to 1, and the rest to 0</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="structure-constructors">5.4.3. Structure Constructors</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Once a structure is defined, and its type is given a name, a constructor is |
| available with the same name to construct instances of that structure. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="keyword">struct</span> light { |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> intensity; |
| vec3 position; |
| }; |
| |
| light lightVar = light(<span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.0</span>, vec3(<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">2</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.0</span>));</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The arguments to the constructor will be used to set the structure’s |
| members, in order, using one argument per member. |
| Each argument must be the same type as the member it |
| sets, or be a type that can be converted to the member’s type according to |
| section “<a href="#implicit-conversions">Implicit Conversions</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Structure constructors can be used as initializers or in expressions.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="array-constructors">5.4.4. Array Constructors</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Array types can also be used as constructor names, which can then be used in |
| expressions or initializers. |
| For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">float</span> c[<span class="integer">3</span>] = <span class="predefined-type">float</span>[<span class="integer">3</span>](<span class="float">5</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">7</span><span class="float">.2</span>, <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.1</span>); |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">float</span> d[<span class="integer">3</span>] = <span class="predefined-type">float</span>[](<span class="float">5</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">7</span><span class="float">.2</span>, <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.1</span>); |
| |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> g; |
| ... |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> a[<span class="integer">5</span>] = <span class="predefined-type">float</span>[<span class="integer">5</span>](g, <span class="integer">1</span>, g, <span class="float">2</span><span class="float">.3</span>, g); |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> b[<span class="integer">3</span>]; |
| |
| b = <span class="predefined-type">float</span>[<span class="integer">3</span>](g, g + <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>, g + <span class="float">2</span><span class="float">.0</span>);</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There must be exactly the same number of arguments as the size of the array |
| being constructed. |
| If no size is present in the constructor, then the array is explicitly sized |
| to the number of arguments provided. |
| The arguments are assigned in order, starting at element 0, to the elements |
| of the constructed array. |
| Each argument must be the same type as the element type of the |
| array, or be |
| a type that can be converted to the element type of the array according to |
| “<a href="#implicit-conversions">Implicit Conversions</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Arrays of arrays are similarly constructed, and the size for any dimension |
| is <strong class="purple">optional</strong></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4 b[<span class="integer">2</span>] = ...; |
| vec4[<span class="integer">3</span>][<span class="integer">2</span>](b, b, b); <span class="comment">// constructor</span> |
| vec4[][<span class="integer">2</span>](b, b, b); <span class="comment">// constructor, valid, size deduced</span> |
| vec4[<span class="integer">3</span>][](b, b, b); <span class="comment">// constructor, valid, size deduced</span> |
| vec4[][](b, b, b); <span class="comment">// constructor, valid, both sizes deduced</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_texture_combined_sampler_constructors">5.4.5. Texture-Combined Sampler Constructors</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Texture-combined sampler constructors are only available when targeting Vulkan.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Texture-combined sampler types, like <strong>sampler2D</strong>, can be declared with an |
| initializer |
| that is a constructor of the same type, and consuming a texture and a |
| <strong>sampler</strong> or <strong>samplerShadow</strong>. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"> layout(...) uniform sampler s; <span class="comment">// handle to filtering information</span> |
| layout(...) uniform texture2D t; <span class="comment">// handle to a texture</span> |
| layout(...) in vec2 tCoord; |
| ... |
| texture(sampler2D(t, s), tCoord);</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The result of a texture-combined sampler constructor cannot be assigned to a |
| variable:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"> ... sampler2D sConstruct = sampler2D(t, s); <span class="comment">// ERROR</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Texture-combined sampler constructors can only be consumed by a function parameter.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Texture-combined sampler constructors of arrays are illegal:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"> layout(...) uniform texture2D tArray[<span class="integer">6</span>]; |
| ... |
| ... sampler2D[](tArray, s) ... <span class="comment">// ERROR</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Formally:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>every texture-combined sampler type can be used as a constructor</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>the type of the constructor must match the type of the variable being declared</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>the constructor’s first argument must be a texture type</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>the constructor’s second argument must be a scalar of type <strong>sampler</strong> |
| or <strong>samplerShadow</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>the dimensionality (1D, 2D, 3D, Cube, Rect, Buffer, MS, and Array) |
| of the texture type must match that of the constructed type |
| (that is, the suffixes of the type of the first argument and the |
| type of the constructor will be spelled the same way)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>there is no control flow construct (e.g., <code>?:</code>) that consumes any sampler type</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note: Shadow mismatches are allowed between constructors and the second argument. |
| Texture-combined non-shadow samplers can be constructed from <strong>samplerShadow</strong> and |
| texture-combined shadow samplers can be constructed from <strong>sampler</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="vector-components">5.5. Vector and Scalar Components and Length</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The names of the components of a vector |
| or scalar |
| are denoted by a single letter. |
| As a notational convenience, several letters are associated with each |
| component based on common usage of position, color or texture coordinate |
| vectors. |
| The individual components can be selected by following the variable name |
| with period (<strong>.</strong>) and then the component name.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The component names supported are:</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all fit-content"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col> |
| <col> |
| </colgroup> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><em>{ x, y, z, w }</em></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Useful when accessing vectors that represent points or normals</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><em>{ r, g, b, a }</em></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Useful when accessing vectors that represent colors</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><em>{ s, t, p, q }</em></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Useful when accessing vectors that represent texture coordinates</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The component names <em>x</em>, <em>r</em>, and <em>s</em> are, for example, synonyms for the |
| same (first) component in a vector. |
| They are also the names of the only component in a scalar.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note that the third component of the texture coordinate set |
| has been renamed <em>p</em> so as to avoid the confusion with <em>r</em> (for |
| red) in a color.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Accessing components beyond those declared for the type is |
| a compile-time error so, for example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec2 pos; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> height; |
| pos.x <span class="comment">// is legal</span> |
| pos.z <span class="comment">// is illegal</span> |
| height.x <span class="comment">// is legal</span> |
| height.y <span class="comment">// is illegal</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The component selection syntax allows multiple components to be selected by |
| appending their names (from the same name set) after the period (<strong>.</strong>).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4 v4; |
| v4.rgba; <span class="comment">// is a vec4 and the same as just using v4,</span> |
| v4.rgb; <span class="comment">// is a vec3,</span> |
| v4.b; <span class="comment">// is a float,</span> |
| v4.xy; <span class="comment">// is a vec2,</span> |
| v4.xgba; <span class="comment">// is illegal - the component names do not come from the same set</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>No more than 4 components can be selected.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4 v4; |
| v4.xyzwxy; <span class="comment">// is illegal since it has 6 components</span> |
| (v4.xyzwxy).xy; <span class="comment">// is illegal since the intermediate value has 6</span> |
| components</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The order of the components can be different to swizzle them, or replicated:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4 pos = vec4(<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">2</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">4</span><span class="float">.0</span>); |
| vec4 swiz = pos.wzyx; <span class="comment">// swiz = (4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0)</span> |
| vec4 dup = pos.xxyy; <span class="comment">// dup = (1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0)</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This notation is more concise than the constructor syntax. |
| To form an r-value, it can be applied to any expression that results in a |
| vector or scalar r-value.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The component group notation can occur on the left hand side of an |
| expression.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4 pos = vec4(<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">2</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">4</span><span class="float">.0</span>); |
| pos.xw = vec2(<span class="float">5</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">6</span><span class="float">.0</span>); <span class="comment">// pos = (5.0, 2.0, 3.0, 6.0)</span> |
| pos.wx = vec2(<span class="float">7</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">8</span><span class="float">.0</span>); <span class="comment">// pos = (8.0, 2.0, 3.0, 7.0)</span> |
| pos.xx = vec2(<span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">4</span><span class="float">.0</span>); <span class="comment">// illegal - 'x' used twice</span> |
| pos.xy = vec3(<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">2</span><span class="float">.0</span>, <span class="float">3</span><span class="float">.0</span>); <span class="comment">// illegal - mismatch between vec2 and vec3</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To form an l-value, swizzling must further be applied to an l-value and |
| contain no duplicate components. It results in an l-value of scalar or |
| vector type, depending on number of components specified.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Array subscripting syntax can also be applied to vectors (but not to |
| scalars) to provide numeric indexing. |
| So in</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4 pos;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>pos[2]</em> refers to the third element of <em>pos</em> and is equivalent to <em>pos.z</em>. |
| This allows variable indexing into a vector, as well as a generic way of |
| accessing components. |
| Any integer expression can be used as the subscript. |
| The first component is at index zero. |
| Reading from or writing to a vector using a constant integral expression |
| with a value that is negative or greater than or equal to the size of the |
| vector results in a compile-time error. |
| When indexing with non-constant expressions, behavior is undefined if the |
| index is negative, or greater than or equal to the size of the vector.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>length</strong>() method may be applied to vectors (but not scalars). |
| The result is the number of components in the vector. |
| For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec3 v; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> L = v.length();</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>sets the constant <em>L</em> to 3. |
| The type returned by <strong>.length</strong>() on a vector is <strong>int</strong>, and the value |
| returned is a constant expression.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="matrix-components">5.6. Matrix Components</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The components of a matrix can be accessed using array subscripting syntax. |
| Applying a single subscript to a matrix treats the matrix as an array of |
| column vectors, and selects a single column, whose type is a vector of the |
| same size as the (column size of the) matrix. |
| The leftmost column is column 0. |
| A second subscript would then operate on the resulting vector, as defined |
| earlier for vectors. |
| Hence, two subscripts select a column and then a row.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">mat4 m; |
| m[<span class="integer">1</span>] = vec4(<span class="float">2</span><span class="float">.0</span>); <span class="comment">// sets the second column to all 2.0</span> |
| m[<span class="integer">0</span>][<span class="integer">0</span>] = <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>; <span class="comment">// sets the upper left element to 1.0</span> |
| m[<span class="integer">2</span>][<span class="integer">3</span>] = <span class="float">2</span><span class="float">.0</span>; <span class="comment">// sets the 4th element of the third column to 2.0</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Behavior is undefined when accessing a component outside the bounds of a |
| matrix with a non-constant expression. |
| It is a compile-time error to access a matrix with a constant expression |
| that is outside the bounds of the matrix.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>length</strong>() method may be applied to matrices. |
| The result is the number of columns of the matrix. |
| For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">mat3x4 v; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> L = v.length();</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>sets the constant <em>L</em> to 3. |
| The type returned by <strong>.length</strong>() on a matrix is <strong>int</strong>, and the value |
| returned is a constant expression.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="structure-and-array-operations">5.7. Structure and Array Operations</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The members of a structure and the <strong>length</strong>() method of an array are |
| selected using the period (<strong>.</strong>).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In total, only the following operators are allowed to operate on arrays and |
| structures as whole entities:</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all fit-content"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col> |
| <col> |
| </colgroup> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">field selector</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>.</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">equality</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>==</strong> <strong>!=</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">assignment</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>=</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Ternary operator</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>?:</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Sequence operator</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>,</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">indexing (arrays only)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>[</strong> <strong>]</strong></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The equality operators and assignment operator are only allowed if the two |
| operands are same size and type. |
| The operands cannot contain any opaque types. |
| Structure types must be of the same declared structure. |
| Both array operands must be |
| explicitly |
| sized. |
| When using the equality operators, two structures are equal if and only if |
| all the members are component-wise equal, and two arrays are equal if and |
| only if all the elements are element-wise equal.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Array elements are accessed using the array subscript operator (<strong>[ ]</strong>). |
| An example of accessing an array element is</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">diffuseColor += lightIntensity[<span class="integer">3</span>] * NdotL;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Array indices start at zero. |
| Array elements are accessed using an expression whose type is <strong>int</strong> or |
| <strong>uint</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Behavior is undefined if a shader subscripts an array with an index less |
| than 0 or greater than or equal to the size the array was declared with.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Arrays can also be accessed with the method operator (<strong>.</strong>) and the <strong>length</strong> |
| method to query the size of the array:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">lightIntensity.length() <span class="comment">// return the size of the array</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="assignments">5.8. Assignments</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Assignments of values to variable names are done with the assignment |
| operator (<strong>=</strong>):</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>lvalue-expression</em> = <em>rvalue-expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>lvalue-expression</em> evaluates to an l-value. |
| The assignment operator stores the value of <em>rvalue-expression</em> into the |
| l-value and returns an r-value with the type and precision of |
| <em>lvalue-expression</em>. |
| The <em>lvalue-expression</em> and <em>rvalue-expression</em> must have the same |
| type, or the expression must have a type in the table in section |
| “<a href="#implicit-conversions">Implicit Conversions</a>” that converts to the type |
| of <em>lvalue-expression</em>, in which case an implicit conversion will be done on |
| the <em>rvalue-expression</em> before the assignment is done. |
| Any other desired type-conversions must be specified explicitly via a |
| constructor. |
| It is a compile-time error if the l-value is not writable. |
| Variables that are built-in types, entire structures or arrays, structure |
| members, l-values with the field selector (<strong>.</strong>) applied to select components |
| or swizzles without repeated fields, l-values within parentheses, and |
| l-values dereferenced with the array subscript operator (<strong>[ ]</strong>) are all |
| l-values. |
| Other binary or unary expressions, function names, swizzles with repeated |
| fields, and constants cannot be l-values. |
| The ternary operator (<strong>?:</strong>) is also not allowed as an l-value. |
| Using an incorrect expression as an l-value results in a compile-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Expressions on the left of an assignment are evaluated before expressions on |
| the right of the assignment.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The other assignment operators are</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>add into (<strong>+=</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>subtract from (<strong>-=</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>multiply into (<strong>*=</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>divide into (<strong>/=</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>modulus into (<strong>%=</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>left shift by (<strong><<=</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>right shift by (<strong>>>=</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>and into (<strong>&=</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>inclusive-or into (<strong>|=</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>exclusive-or into (<strong>^=</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>where the general expression</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>lvalue</em> <em>op</em>= <em>expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>is equivalent to</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>lvalue</em> = <em>lvalue</em> <em>op</em> <em>expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>where <em>lvalue</em> is the value returned by <em>lvalue-expression</em>, <em>op</em> is as |
| described below, and the <em>lvalue-expression</em> and <em>expression</em> must satisfy |
| the semantic requirements of both <em>op</em> and equals (<strong>=</strong>).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Reading a variable before writing (or initializing) it is legal, however the |
| value is undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="expressions">5.9. Expressions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Expressions in the shading language are built from the following:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Constants of type <strong>bool</strong>, all integral types, all floating-point types, |
| all vector types, and all matrix types.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Constructors of all types.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Variable names of all types.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>An array, vector, or matrix expression with the <strong>length</strong>() method |
| applied.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Subscripted arrays.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Function calls that return values. |
| In some cases, function calls returning <strong>void</strong> are also allowed in |
| expressions as specified below.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Component field selectors and array subscript results.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Parenthesized expressions. |
| Any expression, including expressions with void type can be |
| parenthesized. |
| Parentheses can be used to group operations. |
| Operations within parentheses are done before operations across |
| parentheses.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The arithmetic binary operators add (<strong>+</strong>), subtract (<strong>-</strong>), multiply |
| (<strong>*</strong>), and divide (<strong>/</strong>) operate on integer and floating-point scalars, |
| vectors, and matrices. |
| If the fundamental types in the operands do not match, then the |
| conversions from “<a href="#implicit-conversions">Implicit Conversions</a>” are |
| applied to create matching types. |
| All arithmetic binary operators result in the same fundamental type |
| (signed integer, unsigned integer, single-precision floating-point, or |
| double-precision floating-point) as the operands they operate on, after |
| operand type conversion. |
| After conversion, the following cases are valid</p> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>The two operands are scalars. |
| In this case the operation is applied, resulting in a scalar.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>One operand is a scalar, and the other is a vector or matrix. |
| In this case, the scalar operation is applied independently to each |
| component of the vector or matrix, resulting in the same size vector or |
| matrix.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The two operands are vectors of the same size. |
| In this case, the operation is done component-wise resulting in the |
| same size vector.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The operator is add (<strong>+</strong>), subtract (<strong>-</strong>), or divide (<strong>/</strong>), and the |
| operands are matrices with the same number of rows and the same number |
| of columns. |
| In this case, the operation is done component-wise resulting in the |
| same size matrix.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The operator is multiply (<strong>*</strong>), where both operands are matrices or one |
| operand is a vector and the other a matrix. |
| A right vector operand is treated as a column vector and a left vector |
| operand as a row vector. |
| In all these cases, it is required that the number of columns of the |
| left operand is equal to the number of rows of the right operand. |
| Then, the multiply (<strong>*</strong>) operation does a linear algebraic multiply, |
| yielding an object that has the same number of rows as the left operand |
| and the same number of columns as the right operand. |
| “<a href="#vector-and-matrix-operations">Vector and Matrix Operations</a>” |
| explains in more detail how vectors and matrices are operated on.</p> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All other cases result in a compile-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Use the built-in functions <strong>dot</strong>, <strong>cross</strong>, <strong>matrixCompMult</strong>, and |
| <strong>outerProduct</strong>, to get, respectively, vector dot product, vector cross |
| product, matrix component-wise multiplication, and the matrix product of a |
| column vector times a row vector.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The operator modulus (<strong>%</strong>) operates on signed or unsigned integers or |
| integer vectors. |
| If the fundamental types in the operands do not match, then the |
| conversions from “<a href="#implicit-conversions">Implicit Conversions</a>” are |
| applied to create matching types. |
| The operands cannot be vectors of differing size; this is |
| a compile-time error. |
| If one operand is a scalar and the other vector, then the scalar is |
| applied component-wise to the vector, resulting in the same type as the |
| vector. |
| If both are vectors of the same size, the result is computed |
| component-wise. |
| The resulting value is undefined for any component computed with a |
| second operand that is zero, while results for other components with |
| non-zero second operands remain defined. |
| If both operands are non-negative, then the remainder is non-negative. |
| Results are undefined if one or both operands are negative. |
| The operator modulus (<strong>%</strong>) is not defined for any other data types |
| (non-integer types).</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The arithmetic unary operators negate (<strong>-</strong>), post- and pre-increment and |
| decrement (<strong>--</strong> and <strong>++</strong>) operate on integer or floating-point values |
| (including vectors and matrices). |
| All unary operators work component-wise on their operands. |
| These result with the same type they operated on. |
| For post- and pre-increment and decrement, the expression must be a writable |
| l-value. |
| Pre-increment and pre-decrement add or subtract 1 or 1.0 to the contents |
| of the expression they operate on, and the value of the pre-increment or |
| pre-decrement expression is the resulting value of that modification. |
| Post-increment and post-decrement expressions add or subtract 1 or 1.0 |
| to the contents of the expression they operate on, but the resulting |
| expression has the expression’s value before the post-increment or |
| post-decrement was executed.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The relational operators greater than (<strong>></strong>), less than (<strong><</strong>), greater |
| than or equal (<strong>>=</strong>), and less than or equal (<strong><=</strong>) operate only on |
| scalar integer and scalar floating-point expressions. |
| The result is scalar Boolean. |
| Either the operands' types must match, or the conversions from section |
| “<a href="#implicit-conversions">Implicit Conversions</a>” will be applied to |
| obtain matching types. |
| To do component-wise relational comparisons on vectors, use the built-in |
| functions <strong>lessThan</strong>, <strong>lessThanEqual</strong>, <strong>greaterThan</strong>, and |
| <strong>greaterThanEqual.</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The equality operators <strong>equal</strong> (<strong>==</strong>), and not equal (<strong>!=</strong>) operate on |
| all types except opaque types, aggregates that contain opaque types, |
| subroutine uniforms, and aggregates that contain subroutine uniforms. |
| They result in a scalar Boolean. |
| If the operand types do not match, then there must be a conversion from |
| “<a href="#implicit-conversions">Implicit Conversions</a>” applied to one operand |
| that can make them match, in which case this conversion is done. |
| For vectors, matrices, structures, and arrays, all components, members, |
| or elements of one operand must equal the corresponding components, |
| members, or elements in the other operand for the operands to be |
| considered equal. |
| To get a vector of component-wise equality results for vectors, use the |
| built-in functions <strong>equal</strong> and <strong>notEqual</strong>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The logical binary operators and (<strong>&&</strong>), or (<strong>||</strong>), and exclusive or |
| (<strong>^^</strong>) operate only on two Boolean expressions and result in a Boolean |
| expression. |
| And (<strong>&&</strong>) will only evaluate the right hand operand if the left hand |
| operand evaluated to <strong>true</strong>. |
| Or (<strong>||</strong>) will only evaluate the right hand operand if the left hand |
| operand evaluated to <strong>false</strong>. |
| Exclusive or (<strong>^^</strong>) will always evaluate both operands.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The logical unary operator not (<strong>!</strong>). |
| It operates only on a Boolean expression and results in a Boolean |
| expression. |
| To operate on a vector, use the built-in function <strong>not</strong>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The sequence (<strong>,</strong>) operator that operates on expressions by returning |
| the type and value of the right-most expression in a comma separated |
| list of expressions. |
| All expressions are evaluated, in order, from left to right. |
| The operands to the sequence operator may have <strong>void</strong> type. |
| Opaque types cannot be used with the sequence (,) operator.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The ternary selection operator (<strong>?:</strong>). |
| It operates on three expressions (<em>exp1</em> <strong>?</strong> <em>exp2</em> <strong>:</strong> <em>exp3</em>). |
| This operator evaluates the first expression, which must result in a |
| scalar Boolean. |
| If the result is true, it selects to evaluate the second expression, |
| otherwise it selects to evaluate the third expression. |
| Only one of the second and third expressions is evaluated. |
| The second and third expressions cannot be opaque types, |
| or there will be a compile-time error. |
| Otherwise, |
| the second and third expressions can be any type, including <strong>void</strong>, as |
| long their types match, or there is a conversion in section |
| “<a href="#implicit-conversions">Implicit Conversions</a>” that can be applied to |
| one of the expressions to make their types match. |
| This resulting matching type is the type of the entire expression.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The one’s complement operator (<strong>~</strong>). |
| The operand must be of type signed or unsigned integer or integer |
| vector, and the result is the one’s complement of its operand; each bit |
| of each component is complemented, including any sign bits.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The shift operators (<strong><<</strong>) and (<strong>>></strong>). |
| For both operators, the operands must be signed or unsigned integers or |
| integer vectors. |
| One operand can be signed while the other is unsigned. |
| In all cases, the resulting type will be the same type as the left |
| operand. |
| If the first operand is a scalar, the second operand has to be a scalar |
| as well. |
| If the first operand is a vector, the second operand must be a scalar or |
| a vector with the same size as the first operand, and the result is |
| computed component-wise. |
| The result is undefined if the right operand is negative, or greater |
| than or equal to the number of bits in the left expression’s base type. |
| The value of E1 << E2 is E1 (interpreted as a bit pattern) left-shifted |
| by E2 bits. |
| The value of E1 >> E2 is E1 right-shifted by E2 bit positions. |
| If E1 is a signed integer, the right-shift will extend the sign bit. |
| If E1 is an unsigned integer, the right-shift will zero-extend.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The bitwise operators and (<strong>&</strong>), exclusive-or (<strong>^</strong>), and inclusive-or |
| (<strong>|</strong>). |
| The operands must be of type signed or unsigned integers or integer |
| vectors. |
| The operands cannot be vectors of differing size; this is a compile-time error. |
| If one operand is a scalar and the other a vector, the scalar is applied |
| component-wise to the vector, resulting in the same type as the vector. |
| If the fundamental types in the operands do not match, then the |
| conversions from “<a href="#implicit-conversions">Implicit Conversions</a>” are |
| applied to create matching types, and this will be the resulting |
| fundamental type. |
| For and (<strong>&</strong>), the result is the bitwise-and function of the operands. |
| For exclusive-or (<strong>^</strong>), the result is the bitwise exclusive-or function |
| of the operands. |
| For inclusive-or (<strong>|</strong>), the result is the bitwise inclusive-or function |
| of the operands.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For a complete specification of the syntax of expressions, see |
| “<a href="#shading-language-grammar">Shading Language Grammar</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="vector-and-matrix-operations">5.10. Vector and Matrix Operations</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>With a few exceptions, operations are component-wise. |
| Usually, when an operator operates on a vector or matrix, it is operating |
| independently on each component of the vector or matrix, in a component-wise |
| fashion. |
| For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec3 v, u; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> f; |
| v = u + f;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>will be equivalent to</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">v.x = u.x + f; |
| v.y = u.y + f; |
| v.z = u.z + f;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>And</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec3 v, u, w; |
| w = v + u;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>will be equivalent to</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">w.x = v.x + u.x; |
| w.y = v.y + u.y; |
| w.z = v.z + u.z;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>and likewise for most operators and all integer and floating-point vector |
| and matrix types. |
| The exceptions are matrix multiplied by vector, vector multiplied by matrix, |
| and matrix multiplied by matrix. |
| These do not operate component-wise, but rather perform the correct linear |
| algebraic multiply.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec3 v, u; |
| mat3 m; |
| u = v * m;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>is equivalent to</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">u.x = dot(v, m[<span class="integer">0</span>]); <span class="comment">// m[0] is the left column of m</span> |
| u.y = dot(v, m[<span class="integer">1</span>]); <span class="comment">// dot(a,b) is the inner (dot) product of a and b</span> |
| u.z = dot(v, m[<span class="integer">2</span>]);</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>And</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">u = m * v;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>is equivalent to</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">u.x = m[<span class="integer">0</span>].x * v.x + m[<span class="integer">1</span>].x * v.y + m[<span class="integer">2</span>].x * v.z; |
| u.y = m[<span class="integer">0</span>].y * v.x + m[<span class="integer">1</span>].y * v.y + m[<span class="integer">2</span>].y * v.z; |
| u.z = m[<span class="integer">0</span>].z * v.x + m[<span class="integer">1</span>].z * v.y + m[<span class="integer">2</span>].z * v.z;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>And</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">mat3 m, n, r; |
| r = m * n;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>is equivalent to</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">r[<span class="integer">0</span>].x = m[<span class="integer">0</span>].x * n[<span class="integer">0</span>].x + m[<span class="integer">1</span>].x * n[<span class="integer">0</span>].y + m[<span class="integer">2</span>].x * n[<span class="integer">0</span>].z; |
| r[<span class="integer">1</span>].x = m[<span class="integer">0</span>].x * n[<span class="integer">1</span>].x + m[<span class="integer">1</span>].x * n[<span class="integer">1</span>].y + m[<span class="integer">2</span>].x * n[<span class="integer">1</span>].z; |
| r[<span class="integer">2</span>].x = m[<span class="integer">0</span>].x * n[<span class="integer">2</span>].x + m[<span class="integer">1</span>].x * n[<span class="integer">2</span>].y + m[<span class="integer">2</span>].x * n[<span class="integer">2</span>].z; |
| r[<span class="integer">0</span>].y = m[<span class="integer">0</span>].y * n[<span class="integer">0</span>].x + m[<span class="integer">1</span>].y * n[<span class="integer">0</span>].y + m[<span class="integer">2</span>].y * n[<span class="integer">0</span>].z; |
| r[<span class="integer">1</span>].y = m[<span class="integer">0</span>].y * n[<span class="integer">1</span>].x + m[<span class="integer">1</span>].y * n[<span class="integer">1</span>].y + m[<span class="integer">2</span>].y * n[<span class="integer">1</span>].z; |
| r[<span class="integer">2</span>].y = m[<span class="integer">0</span>].y * n[<span class="integer">2</span>].x + m[<span class="integer">1</span>].y * n[<span class="integer">2</span>].y + m[<span class="integer">2</span>].y * n[<span class="integer">2</span>].z; |
| r[<span class="integer">0</span>].z = m[<span class="integer">0</span>].z * n[<span class="integer">0</span>].x + m[<span class="integer">1</span>].z * n[<span class="integer">0</span>].y + m[<span class="integer">2</span>].z * n[<span class="integer">0</span>].z; |
| r[<span class="integer">1</span>].z = m[<span class="integer">0</span>].z * n[<span class="integer">1</span>].x + m[<span class="integer">1</span>].z * n[<span class="integer">1</span>].y + m[<span class="integer">2</span>].z * n[<span class="integer">1</span>].z; |
| r[<span class="integer">2</span>].z = m[<span class="integer">0</span>].z * n[<span class="integer">2</span>].x + m[<span class="integer">1</span>].z * n[<span class="integer">2</span>].y + m[<span class="integer">2</span>].z * n[<span class="integer">2</span>].z;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>and similarly for other sizes of vectors and matrices.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="out-of-bounds-accesses">5.11. Out-of-Bounds Accesses</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In the subsections described above for array, vector, matrix and structure |
| accesses, any out-of-bounds access produced undefined behavior. |
| However, if robust buffer access is enabled via the API, such |
| accesses will be bound within the memory extent of the active program. |
| It will not be possible to access memory from other programs, and accesses |
| will not result in abnormal program termination. |
| Out-of-bounds reads return undefined values, which include values from other |
| variables of the active program or zero. |
| Out-of-bounds writes may be discarded or overwrite other variables of the |
| active program, depending on the value of the computed index and how this |
| relates to the extent of the active program’s memory. |
| Applications that require defined behavior for out-of-bounds accesses should |
| range check all computed indices before dereferencing an array.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="specialization-constant-operations">5.12. Specialization-Constant Operations</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Specialization-constant operations are only available when targeting SPIR-V.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Only some operations discussed in this section may be applied to a |
| specialization constant and still yield a result that is a specialization |
| constant. |
| The operations that do so are listed below. |
| When a specialization constant is operated on with one of these operators |
| and with another constant or specialization constant, the result is |
| implicitly a specialization constant.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>int</strong>(), <strong>uint</strong>(), and <strong>bool</strong>() constructors for type conversions from |
| any of the following types to any of the following types:</p> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>int</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>uint</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>bool</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>vector versions of the above conversion constructors</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>allowed implicit conversions of the above</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>swizzles (e.g. <code>foo.yx</code>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>the following when applied to integer or unsigned integer types:</p> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>unary negative (<strong>-</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>binary operations (<strong>+</strong>, <strong>-</strong>, <strong>*</strong>, <strong>/</strong>, <strong>%</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>shift (<strong><<</strong>, <strong>>></strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>bitwise operations (<strong>&</strong>, <strong>|</strong>, <strong>^</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>the following when applied to integer or unsigned integer scalar types:</p> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>comparison (<strong>==</strong>, <strong>!=</strong>, <strong>></strong>, <strong>>=</strong>, <strong><</strong>, <strong>⇐</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The following when applied to the Boolean scalar type:</p> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>not (<strong>!</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>logical operations (<strong>&&</strong>, <strong>||</strong>, <strong>^^</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>comparison (<strong>==</strong>, <strong>!=</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>the ternary operator (<strong>?:</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="statements-and-structure">6. Statements and Structure</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The fundamental building blocks of the OpenGL Shading Language are:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>statements and declarations</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>function definitions</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>selection (<strong>if</strong>-<strong>else</strong> and <strong>switch</strong>-<strong>case</strong>-<strong>default</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>iteration (<strong>for</strong>, <strong>while</strong>, and <strong>do</strong>-<strong>while</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>jumps (<strong>discard</strong>, <strong>return</strong>, <strong>break</strong>, and <strong>continue</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The overall structure of a shader is as follows</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>translation-unit</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>global-declaration</em><br> |
| <em>translation-unit</em> <em>global-declaration</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>global-declaration</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>function-definition</em><br> |
| <em>declaration</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>That is, a shader is a sequence of declarations and function bodies. |
| Function bodies are defined as</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>function-definition</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>function-prototype</em> <strong>{</strong> <em>statement-list</em> <strong>}</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>statement-list</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>statement</em><br> |
| <em>statement-list</em> <em>statement</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>compound-statement</em><br> |
| <em>simple-statement</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Curly braces are used to group sequences of statements into compound |
| statements.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>compound-statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>{</strong> <em>statement-list</em> <strong>}</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>simple-statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>declaration-statement</em><br> |
| <em>expression-statement</em><br> |
| <em>selection-statement</em><br> |
| <em>iteration-statement</em><br> |
| <em>jump-statement</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Simple declaration, expression, and jump statements end in a semi-colon.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This above is slightly simplified, and the complete grammar specified in |
| “<a href="#shading-language-grammar">Shading Language Grammar</a>” should be used as |
| the definitive specification.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Declarations and expressions have already been discussed.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="function-definitions">6.1. Function Definitions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>As indicated by the grammar above, a valid shader is a sequence of global |
| declarations and function definitions. |
| A function is declared as the following example shows:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">// prototype</span> |
| returnType functionName (type0 arg0, type1 arg1, ..., typen argn);</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>and a function is defined like</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">// definition</span> |
| returnType functionName (type0 arg0, type1 arg1, ..., typen argn) |
| { |
| <span class="comment">// do some computation</span> |
| <span class="keyword">return</span> returnValue; |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>where <em>returnType</em> must be present and cannot be void, or:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="directive">void</span> functionName (type0 arg0, type1 arg1, ..., typen argn) |
| { |
| <span class="comment">// do some computation</span> |
| <span class="keyword">return</span>; <span class="comment">// optional</span> |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the type of <em>returnValue</em> does not match <em>returnType</em>, there must be an |
| implicit conversion in “<a href="#implicit-conversions">Implicit Conversions</a>” |
| that converts the type of <em>returnValue</em> to <em>returnType</em>, or a compile-time |
| error will result.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each of the <em>typeN</em> must include a type and can optionally include parameter |
| qualifiers. |
| The formal argument names (<em>args</em> above) in the declarations are optional |
| for both the declaration and definition forms.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A function is called by using its name followed by a list of arguments in |
| parentheses.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Arrays are allowed as arguments and as the return type. |
| In both cases, the array must be |
| explicitly |
| sized. |
| An array is passed or returned by using just its name, without brackets, and |
| the size of the array must match the size specified in the function’s |
| declaration.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Structures are also allowed as argument types. |
| The return type can also be a structure.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>See “<a href="#shading-language-grammar">Shading Language Grammar</a>” for the |
| definitive reference on the syntax to declare and define functions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All functions must be either declared with a prototype or defined with a |
| body before they are called. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">float</span> myfunc (<span class="predefined-type">float</span> f, <span class="comment">// f is an input parameter</span> |
| out <span class="predefined-type">float</span> g); <span class="comment">// g is an output parameter</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Functions that return no value must be declared as <strong>void</strong>. |
| A <strong>void</strong> function can only use <strong>return</strong> without a return argument, even if |
| the return argument has <strong>void</strong> type. |
| Return statements only accept values:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="directive">void</span> func1() { } |
| <span class="directive">void</span> func2() { <span class="keyword">return</span> func1(); } <span class="comment">// illegal return statement</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Only a precision qualifier is allowed on the return type of a function. |
| Formal parameters can have parameter, precision, and memory qualifiers, but |
| no other qualifiers.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Functions that accept no input arguments need not use <strong>void</strong> in the argument |
| list because prototypes (or definitions) are required and therefore there is |
| no ambiguity when an empty argument list “( )” is declared. |
| The idiom “(<strong>void</strong>)” as a parameter list is provided for convenience.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Function names can be overloaded. |
| The same function name can be used for multiple functions, as long as the |
| parameter types differ. |
| If a function name is declared twice with the same parameter types, then the |
| return types and all qualifiers must also match, and it is the same function |
| being declared.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4 f(in vec4 x, out vec4 y); <span class="comment">// (A)</span> |
| vec4 f(in vec4 x, out uvec4 y); <span class="comment">// (B) okay, different argument type</span> |
| vec4 f(in ivec4 x, out dvec4 y); <span class="comment">// (C) okay, different argument type</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">int</span> f(in vec4 x, out vec4 y); <span class="comment">// error, only return type differs</span> |
| vec4 f(in vec4 x, in vec4 y); <span class="comment">// error, only qualifier differs</span> |
| vec4 f(<span class="directive">const</span> in vec4 x, out vec4 y); <span class="comment">// error, only qualifier differs</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When function calls are resolved, an exact type match for all the arguments |
| is sought. |
| If an exact match is found, all other functions are ignored, and the exact |
| match is used. |
| If no exact match is found, then the implicit conversions in section |
| “<a href="#implicit-conversions">Implicit Conversions</a>” will be applied to find a |
| match. |
| Mismatched types on input parameters (<strong>in</strong> or <strong>inout</strong> or default) <strong>must</strong> |
| have a conversion from the calling argument type to the formal parameter |
| type. |
| Mismatched types on output parameters (<strong>out</strong> or <strong>inout</strong>) must have a |
| conversion from the formal parameter type to the calling argument type.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If implicit conversions can be used to find more than one matching function, |
| a single best-matching function is sought. |
| To determine a best match, the conversions between calling argument and |
| formal parameter types are compared for each function argument and pair of |
| matching functions. |
| After these comparisons are performed, each pair of matching functions are |
| compared. |
| A function declaration <em>A</em> is considered a better match than function |
| declaration <em>B</em> if</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>for at least one function argument, the conversion for that argument in |
| <em>A</em> is better than the corresponding conversion in <em>B</em>; and</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>there is no function argument for which the conversion in <em>B</em> is better |
| than the corresponding conversion in <em>A</em>.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If a single function declaration is considered a better match than every |
| other matching function declaration, it will be used. |
| Otherwise, a compile-time semantic error for an ambiguous overloaded |
| function call occurs.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>To determine whether the conversion for a single argument in one match is |
| better than that for another match, the following rules are applied, in |
| order:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>An exact match is better than a match involving any implicit conversion.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A match involving an implicit conversion from <strong>float</strong> to <strong>double</strong> is |
| better than a match involving any other implicit conversion.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A match involving an implicit conversion from either <strong>int</strong> or <strong>uint</strong> to |
| <strong>float</strong> is better than a match involving an implicit conversion from |
| either <strong>int</strong> or <strong>uint</strong> to <strong>double</strong>.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If none of the rules above apply to a particular pair of conversions, |
| neither conversion is considered better than the other.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For the example function prototypes (A), (B), and © above, the following |
| examples show how the rules apply to different sets of calling argument |
| types:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">f(vec4, vec4) <span class="comment">// exact match of vec4 f(in vec4 x, out vec4 y)</span> |
| f(vec4, uvec4) <span class="comment">// exact match of vec4 f(in vec4 x, out uvec4 y)</span> |
| f(vec4, ivec4) <span class="comment">// matched to vec4 f(in vec4 x, out vec4 y)</span> |
| <span class="comment">// (C) not relevant, can't convert vec4 to</span> |
| <span class="comment">// ivec4. (A) better than (B) for 2nd</span> |
| <span class="comment">// argument (rule 3), same on first argument.</span> |
| f(ivec4, vec4); <span class="comment">// NOT matched. All three match by implicit</span> |
| <span class="comment">// conversion. (C) is better than (A) and (B)</span> |
| <span class="comment">// on the first argument. (A) is better than</span> |
| <span class="comment">// (B) and (C).</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>User-defined functions can have multiple declarations, but only one |
| definition.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A shader can redefine built-in functions. |
| If a built-in function is redeclared in a shader (i.e., a prototype is |
| visible) before a call to it, then the linker will only attempt to resolve |
| that call within the set of shaders that are linked with it.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The function <em>main</em> is used as the entry point to a shader executable. |
| A shader need not contain a function named <em>main</em>, but one shader in a set |
| of shaders linked together to form a single shader executable must, or a |
| link-time error results. |
| This function takes no arguments, returns no value, and must be declared as |
| type <strong>void</strong>:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="directive">void</span> main() |
| { |
| ... |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The function <em>main</em> can contain uses of <strong>return</strong>. |
| See “<a href="#jumps">Jumps</a>” for more details.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time or link-time error to declare or define a function |
| <strong>main</strong> with any other parameters or return type.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="function-calling-conventions">6.1.1. Function Calling Conventions</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Functions are called by value-return. |
| This means input arguments are copied into the function at call time, and |
| output arguments are copied back to the caller before function exit. |
| Because the function works with local copies of parameters, there are no |
| issues regarding aliasing of variables within a function. |
| To control what parameters are copied in and/or out through a function |
| definition or declaration:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>The keyword <strong>in</strong> is used as a qualifier to denote a parameter is to be |
| copied in, but not copied out.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The keyword <strong>out</strong> is used as a qualifier to denote a parameter is to be |
| copied out, but not copied in. |
| This should be used whenever possible to avoid unnecessarily copying |
| parameters in.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The keyword <strong>inout</strong> is used as a qualifier to denote the parameter is to |
| be both copied in and copied out. |
| It means the same thing as specifying both <strong>in</strong> and <strong>out</strong>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A function parameter declared with no such qualifier means the same |
| thing as specifying <strong>in</strong>.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All arguments are evaluated at call time, exactly once, in order, from left |
| to right. |
| Evaluation of an <strong>in</strong> parameter results in a value that is copied to the |
| formal parameter. |
| Evaluation of an <strong>out</strong> parameter results in an l-value that is used to copy |
| out a value when the function returns. |
| Evaluation of an <strong>inout</strong> parameter results in both a value and an l-value; |
| the value is copied to the formal parameter at call time and the l-value is |
| used to copy out a value when the function returns.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The order in which output parameters are copied back to the caller is |
| undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If the function matching described in the previous section required argument |
| type conversions, these conversions are applied at copy-in and copy-out |
| times.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In a function, writing to an input-only parameter is allowed. |
| Only the function’s copy is modified. |
| This can be prevented by declaring a parameter with the <strong>const</strong> qualifier.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When calling a function, expressions that do not evaluate to l-values cannot |
| be passed to parameters declared as <strong>out</strong> or <strong>inout</strong>, or a compile-time error |
| results.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>function-prototype</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>precision-qualifier</em> <em>type</em> <em>function-name</em> <strong>(</strong> <em>parameter-qualifiers</em> |
| <em>precision-qualifier</em> <em>type</em> <em>name</em> <em>array-specifier</em> <strong>,</strong> …​ |
| <strong>)</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>type</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>any basic type, array type, structure name, or structure definition</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>parameter-qualifiers</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>empty</em><br> |
| list of <em>parameter-qualifier</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>parameter-qualifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>const</strong><br> |
| <strong>in</strong><br> |
| <strong>out</strong><br> |
| <strong>inout</strong><br> |
| <strong>precise</strong><br> |
| <em>memory-qualifier</em><br> |
| <em>precision-qualifier</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>name</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>empty<br> |
| identifier</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>array-specifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>empty<br> |
| <strong>[</strong> <em>integral-constant-expression</em> <strong>]</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>const</strong> qualifier cannot be used with <strong>out</strong> or <strong>inout</strong>, or |
| a compile-time error results. |
| The above is used both for function declarations (i.e., prototypes) and for |
| function definitions. |
| Hence, function definitions can have unnamed arguments.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Recursion is not allowed, not even statically. |
| Static recursion is present if the static function-call graph of a program |
| contains cycles. |
| This includes all potential function calls through variables declared as |
| <strong>subroutine</strong> <strong>uniform</strong> (described below). |
| It is a compile-time or link-time error if a single compilation unit |
| (shader) contains either static recursion or the potential for recursion |
| through subroutine variables.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="subroutines">6.1.2. Subroutines</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Subroutines provide a mechanism allowing shaders to be compiled in a manner |
| where the target of one or more function calls can be changed at run-time |
| without requiring any shader recompilation. |
| For example, a single shader may be compiled with support for multiple |
| illumination algorithms to handle different kinds of lights or surface |
| materials. |
| An application using such a shader may switch illumination algorithms by |
| changing the value of its subroutine uniforms. |
| To use subroutines, a subroutine type is declared, one or more functions are |
| associated with that subroutine type, and a subroutine variable of that type |
| is declared. |
| The function currently assigned to the variable function is then called by |
| using function calling syntax replacing a function name with the name of the |
| subroutine variable. |
| Subroutine variables are uniforms, and are assigned to specific functions |
| only through commands (<strong>UniformSubroutinesuiv</strong>) in the OpenGL API.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Subroutine functionality is not available when generating SPIR-V.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Subroutine types are declared using a statement similar to a function |
| declaration, with the <strong>subroutine</strong> keyword, as follows:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">subroutine returnType subroutineTypeName(type0 arg0, type1 arg1, |
| ..., typen argn);</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>As with function declarations, the formal argument names (<em>args</em> above) are |
| optional. |
| Functions are associated with subroutine types of matching declarations by |
| defining the function with the <strong>subroutine</strong> keyword and a list of subroutine |
| types the function matches:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">subroutine(subroutineTypeName0, ..., subroutineTypeNameN) |
| returnType functionName(type0 arg0, type1 arg1, ..., typen argn) |
| { ... } <span class="comment">// function body</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time error if arguments and return type don’t match between |
| the function and each associated subroutine type.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Functions declared with <strong>subroutine</strong> must include a body. |
| An overloaded function cannot be declared with <strong>subroutine</strong>; a program will |
| fail to compile or link if any shader or stage contains two or more |
| functions with the same name if the name is associated with a subroutine |
| type.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A function declared with <strong>subroutine</strong> can also be called directly with a |
| static use of <em>functionName</em>, as is done with non-subroutine function |
| declarations and calls.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Subroutine type variables are required to be <em>subroutine uniforms</em>, and are |
| declared with a specific subroutine type in a subroutine uniform variable |
| declaration:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">subroutine uniform subroutineTypeName subroutineVarName;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Subroutine uniform variables are called the same way functions are called. |
| When a subroutine variable (or an element of a subroutine variable array) is |
| associated with a particular function, all function calls through that |
| variable will call that particular function.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Unlike other uniform variables, subroutine uniform variables are scoped to |
| the shader execution stage the variable is declared in.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Subroutine variables may be declared as explicitly-sized arrays, which can |
| be indexed only with dynamically uniform expressions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time error to use the <strong>subroutine</strong> keyword in any places |
| other than (as shown above) to</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>declare a subroutine type at global scope,</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>declare a function as a subroutine, or</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>declare a subroutine variable at global scope.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="selection">6.2. Selection</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Conditional control flow in the shading language is done by either <strong>if</strong>, |
| <strong>if</strong>-<strong>else</strong>, or <strong>switch</strong> statements:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>selection-statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>if</strong> <strong>(</strong> <em>bool-expression</em> <strong>)</strong> <em>statement</em><br> |
| <strong>if</strong> <strong>(</strong> <em>bool-expression</em> <strong>)</strong> <em>statement</em> <strong>else</strong> <em>statement</em><br> |
| <strong>switch</strong> <strong>(</strong> <em>init-expression</em> <strong>)</strong> <strong>{</strong> <em>switch-statement-list<sub>opt</sub></em> <strong>}</strong></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Where <em>switch-statement-list</em> is a nested scope containing a list of zero or |
| more <em>switch-statement</em> and other statements defined by the language, where |
| <em>switch-statement</em> adds some forms of labels. |
| That is</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>switch-statement-list</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>switch-statement</em><br> |
| <em>switch-statement-list</em> <em>switch-statement</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>switch-statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>case</strong> <em>constant-expression</em> <strong>:</strong><br> |
| <strong>default</strong> <strong>:</strong> <em>statement</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note the above grammar’s purpose is to aid discussion in this section; the |
| normative grammar is in “<a href="#shading-language-grammar">Shading Language |
| Grammar</a>”.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If an <strong>if</strong>-expression evaluates to <strong>true</strong>, then the first <em>statement</em> is |
| executed. |
| If it evaluates to <strong>false</strong> and there is an <strong>else</strong> part then the second |
| <em>statement</em> is executed.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Any expression whose type evaluates to a Boolean can be used as the |
| conditional expression <em>bool-expression</em>. |
| Vector types are not accepted as the expression to <strong>if</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Conditionals can be nested.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The type of <em>init-expression</em> in a <strong>switch</strong> statement must be a scalar |
| integer. |
| The type of the <em>constant-expression</em> value in a case label also must be a |
| scalar integer. |
| When any pair of these values is tested for “equal value” and the types do |
| not match, an implicit conversion will be done to convert the <strong>int</strong> to a |
| <strong>uint</strong> (see “<a href="#implicit-conversions">Implicit Conversions</a>”) before the |
| compare is done. |
| If a <strong>case</strong> label has a <em>constant-expression</em> of equal value to |
| <em>init-expression</em>, execution will continue after that label. |
| Otherwise, if there is a <strong>default</strong> label, execution will continue after that |
| label. |
| Otherwise, execution skips the rest of the switch statement. |
| It is a compile-time error to have more than one <strong>default</strong> or a replicated |
| <em>constant-expression</em>. |
| A <strong>break</strong> statement not nested in a loop or other switch statement (either |
| not nested or nested only in <strong>if</strong> or <strong>if</strong>-<strong>else</strong> statements) will also skip |
| the rest of the switch statement. |
| Fall through labels are allowed, but it is a compile-time error to have no |
| statement between a label and the end of the switch statement. |
| No statements are allowed in a switch statement before the first <strong>case</strong> |
| statement.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>case</strong> and <strong>default</strong> labels can only appear within a <strong>switch</strong> statement. |
| No <strong>case</strong> or <strong>default</strong> labels can be nested inside other statements or |
| compound statements within their corresponding <strong>switch</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="iteration">6.3. Iteration</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For, while, and do loops are allowed as follows:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="keyword">for</span> (init-expression; condition-expression; loop-expression) |
| sub-statement |
| <span class="keyword">while</span> (condition-expression) |
| sub-statement |
| <span class="keyword">do</span> |
| statement |
| <span class="keyword">while</span> (condition-expression)</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>See “<a href="#shading-language-grammar">Shading Language Grammar</a>” for the |
| definitive specification of loops.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>for</strong> loop first evaluates the <em>init-expression</em>, then the |
| <em>condition-expression</em>. |
| If the <em>condition-expression</em> evaluates to <strong>true</strong>, then the body of the loop |
| is executed. |
| After the body is executed, a <strong>for</strong> loop will then evaluate the |
| <em>loop-expression</em>, and then loop back to evaluate the |
| <em>condition-expression</em>, repeating until the <em>condition-expression</em> evaluates |
| to <strong>false</strong>. |
| The loop is then exited, skipping its body and skipping its |
| <em>loop-expression</em>. |
| Variables modified by the <em>loop-expression</em> maintain their value after the |
| loop is exited, provided they are still in scope. |
| Variables declared in <em>init-expression</em> or <em>condition-expression</em> are only |
| in scope until the end of the sub-statement of the <strong>for</strong> loop.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>while</strong> loop first evaluates the <em>condition-expression</em>. |
| If <strong>true</strong>, then the body is executed. |
| This is then repeated, until the <em>condition-expression</em> evaluates to |
| <strong>false</strong>, exiting the loop and skipping its body. |
| Variables declared in the <em>condition-expression</em> are only in scope until the |
| end of the sub-statement of the <strong>while</strong> loop.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>do</strong>-<strong>while</strong> loop first executes the body, then executes the |
| <em>condition-expression</em>. |
| This is repeated until <em>condition-expression</em> evaluates to <strong>false</strong>, and then |
| the loop is exited.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Expressions for <em>condition-expression</em> must evaluate to a Boolean.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Both the <em>condition-expression</em> and the <em>init-expression</em> can declare and |
| initialize a variable, except in the <strong>do</strong>-<strong>while</strong> loop, which cannot declare |
| a variable in its <em>condition-expression</em>. |
| The variable’s scope lasts only until the end of the sub-statement that |
| forms the body of the loop.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Loops can be nested.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Non-terminating loops are allowed. |
| The consequences of very long or non-terminating loops are platform |
| dependent.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="jumps">6.4. Jumps</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These are the jumps:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>jump_statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><strong>continue</strong> <strong>;</strong><br> |
| <strong>break</strong> <strong>;</strong><br> |
| <strong>return</strong> <strong>;</strong><br> |
| <strong>return</strong> <em>expression</em> <strong>;</strong><br> |
| <strong>discard</strong> <strong>;</strong> // in the fragment shader language only</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There is no “goto” or other non-structured flow of control.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>continue</strong> jump is used only in loops. |
| It skips the remainder of the body of the inner-most loop of which it is |
| inside. |
| For <strong>while</strong> and <strong>do</strong>-<strong>while</strong> loops, this jump is to the next evaluation of |
| the loop <em>condition-expression</em> from which the loop continues as previously |
| defined. |
| For <strong>for</strong> loops, the jump is to the <em>loop-expression</em>, followed by the |
| <em>condition-expression</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>break</strong> jump can also be used only in loops and <strong>switch</strong> statements. |
| It is simply an immediate exit of the inner-most loop or <strong>switch</strong> statements |
| containing the <strong>break</strong>. |
| No further execution of <em>condition-expression</em>, <em>loop-expression</em>, or |
| <em>switch-statement</em> is done.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>discard</strong> keyword is only allowed within fragment shaders. |
| It can be used within a fragment shader to abandon the operation on the |
| current fragment. |
| This keyword causes the fragment to be discarded and no updates to any |
| buffers will occur. |
| Any prior writes to other buffers such as shader storage buffers are |
| unaffected. |
| Control flow exits the shader, and subsequent implicit or explicit |
| derivatives are undefined when this control flow is non-uniform (meaning |
| different fragments within the primitive take different control paths). |
| It would typically be used within a conditional statement, for example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="keyword">if</span> (intensity < <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>) |
| discard;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A fragment shader may test a fragment’s alpha value and discard the fragment |
| based on that test. |
| However, it should be noted that coverage testing occurs after the fragment |
| shader runs, and the coverage test can change the alpha value.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>return</strong> jump causes immediate exit of the current function. |
| If it has <em>expression</em> then that is the return value for the function.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The function <em>main</em> can use <strong>return</strong>. |
| This simply causes <em>main</em> to exit in the same way as when the end of the |
| function had been reached. |
| It does not imply a use of <strong>discard</strong> in a fragment shader. |
| Using <strong>return</strong> in <em>main</em> before defining outputs will have the same behavior |
| as reaching the end of <em>main</em> before defining outputs.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="built-in-variables">7. Built-In Variables</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="built-in-language-variables">7.1. Built-In Language Variables</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Some operations occur outside shader functionality and need to provide |
| values to or receive values from shader executables. |
| Shaders communicate with fixed-function pipeline stages, and |
| optionally with other shader executables, through the use of built-in input |
| and output variables.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="vertex-shader-special-variables">7.1.1. Vertex Shader Special Variables</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The built-in vertex shader variables are intrinsically declared as follows:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_VertexID; <span class="comment">// only present when not targeting Vulkan</span> |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_InstanceID; <span class="comment">// only present when not targeting Vulkan</span> |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_VertexIndex; <span class="comment">// only present when targeting Vulkan</span> |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_InstanceIndex; <span class="comment">// only present when targeting Vulkan</span> |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_DrawID; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_BaseVertex; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_BaseInstance; |
| |
| out gl_PerVertex { |
| vec4 gl_Position; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_PointSize; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_ClipDistance[]; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_CullDistance[]; |
| };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The variable <em>gl_Position</em> is intended for writing the homogeneous vertex |
| position. |
| It can be written at any time during shader execution. |
| This value will be used by primitive assembly, clipping, culling, and other |
| fixed functionality operations, if present, that operate on primitives after |
| vertex processing has occurred. |
| Its value is undefined after the vertex processing stage if the vertex |
| shader executable does not write <em>gl_Position</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The variable <em>gl_PointSize</em> is intended for a shader to write the size of |
| the point to be rasterized. |
| It is measured in pixels. |
| If <em>gl_PointSize</em> is not written to, its value is undefined in subsequent |
| pipe stages.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The variable <em>gl_ClipDistance</em> is intended for writing clip distances, and |
| provides the forward compatible mechanism for controlling user clipping. |
| The element <em>gl_ClipDistance[i]</em> specifies a clip distance for each plane |
| <em>i</em>. |
| A distance of 0 means the vertex is on the plane, a positive distance means |
| the vertex is inside the clip plane, and a negative distance means the point |
| is outside the clip plane. |
| The clip distances will be linearly interpolated across the primitive and |
| the portion of the primitive with interpolated distances less than 0 will be |
| clipped.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>gl_ClipDistance</em> array is predeclared as unsized and must be explicitly |
| sized by the shader either redeclaring it with a size or implicitly sized by |
| indexing it only with constant integral expressions. |
| This needs to size the array to include all the clip planes that are enabled |
| via the API; if the size does not include all enabled planes, |
| results are undefined. |
| The size can be at most <em>gl_MaxClipDistances</em>. |
| The number of varying components (see <em>gl_MaxVaryingComponents)</em> consumed by |
| <em>gl_ClipDistance</em> will match the size of the array, no matter how many |
| planes are enabled. |
| The shader must also set all values in <em>gl_ClipDistance</em> that have been |
| enabled via the API, or results are undefined. |
| Values written into <em>gl_ClipDistance</em> for planes that are not enabled have |
| no effect.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The variable <em>gl_CullDistance</em> provides a mechanism for controlling user |
| culling. |
| The element <em>gl_CullDistance[i]</em> specifies a cull distance for plane <em>i</em>. |
| A distance of 0 means the vertex is on the plane, a positive distance means |
| the vertex is inside the cull volume, and a negative distance means the |
| point is outside the cull volume. |
| Primitives whose vertices all have a negative cull distance for plane <em>i</em> |
| will be discarded.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>gl_CullDistance</em> array is predeclared as unsized and must be sized by |
| the shader either redeclaring it with a size or indexing it only with |
| constant integral expressions. |
| The size determines the number and set of enabled cull distances and can be |
| at most <em>gl_MaxCullDistances</em>. |
| The number of varying components (see <em>gl_MaxVaryingComponents</em>) consumed by |
| <em>gl_CullDistance</em> will match the size of the array. |
| Shaders writing <em>gl_CullDistance</em> must write all enabled distances, or |
| culling results are undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>As an output variable, <em>gl_CullDistance</em> provides the place for the shader |
| to write these distances. |
| As an input in all but the fragment language, it reads the values written in |
| the previous shader stage. |
| In the fragment language, <em>gl_CullDistance</em> array contains linearly |
| interpolated values for the vertex values written by a shader to the |
| <em>gl_CullDistance</em> vertex output variable.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is a compile-time or link-time error for the set of shaders forming a |
| program to have the sum of the sizes of the <em>gl_ClipDistance</em> and |
| <em>gl_CullDistance</em> arrays to be larger than |
| <em>gl_MaxCombinedClipAndCullDistances</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The variable <em>gl_VertexID</em> is a vertex shader input variable that holds an |
| integer index for the vertex, as defined under “Shader Inputs” in section |
| 11.1.3.9 “Shader Inputs” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>. |
| It is only present when not targeting Vulkan. |
| Even when present, the value of <em>gl_VertexID</em> is not always defined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The variable <em>gl_InstanceID</em> is a vertex shader input variable that holds |
| the instance number of the current primitive in an instanced draw call (see |
| “Shader Inputs” in section 11.1.3.9 “Shader Inputs” of the |
| <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>). |
| It is only present when not targeting Vulkan. |
| If the current primitive does not come from an instanced draw call, the |
| value of <em>gl_InstanceID</em> is zero.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The variable <em>gl_VertexIndex</em> is a vertex language input variable that |
| holds an integer index for the vertex, relative to a base. |
| It is only present when targeting Vulkan. |
| Even when present, the value of <em>gl_VertexIndex</em> is not always defined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The variable <em>gl_InstanceIndex</em> is a vertex language input variable that |
| holds the instance number of the current primitive in an instanced draw |
| call, relative to a base. |
| It is only present when targeting Vulkan. |
| If the current primitive does not come from an instanced draw call, |
| the value of gl_InstanceIndex is zero.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The variable <em>gl_DrawID</em> is a vertex shader input variable that holds the |
| integer index of the drawing command to which the current vertex belongs |
| (see “Shader Inputs” in section 11.1.3.9 of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>). |
| If the vertex is not invoked by a <strong>Multi</strong>* form of a draw command, then the |
| value of <em>gl_DrawID</em> is zero.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The variable <em>gl_BaseVertex</em> is a vertex shader input variable that holds |
| the integer value passed to the baseVertex parameter of the command that |
| resulted in the current shader invocation (see “Shader Inputs” in section |
| 11.1.3.9 of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The variable <em>gl_BaseInstance</em> is a vertex shader input variable that holds |
| the integer value passed to the baseInstance parameter of the command that |
| resulted in the current shader invocation (see “Shader Inputs” in section |
| 11.1.3.9 of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>).</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="tessellation-control-shader-special-variables">7.1.2. Tessellation Control Shader Special Variables</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In the tessellation control shader, built-in variables are intrinsically |
| declared as:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in gl_PerVertex { |
| vec4 gl_Position; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_PointSize; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_ClipDistance[]; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_CullDistance[]; |
| } gl_in[gl_MaxPatchVertices]; |
| |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_PatchVerticesIn; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_PrimitiveID; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_InvocationID; |
| |
| out gl_PerVertex { |
| vec4 gl_Position; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_PointSize; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_ClipDistance[]; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_CullDistance[]; |
| } gl_out[]; |
| |
| patch out <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_TessLevelOuter[<span class="integer">4</span>]; |
| patch out <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_TessLevelInner[<span class="integer">2</span>];</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="tessellation-control-input-variables">Tessellation Control Input Variables</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_Position</em>, <em>gl_PointSize</em>, <em>gl_ClipDistance</em>, and <em>gl_CullDistance</em> |
| contain the values written in the previous shader stage to the corresponding |
| outputs.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_PatchVerticesIn</em> contains the number of vertices in the input patch |
| being processed by the shader. |
| A single shader can read patches of differing sizes, so the value of |
| <em>gl_PatchVerticesIn</em> may differ between patches.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_PrimitiveID</em> contains the number of primitives processed by the shader |
| since the current set of rendering primitives was started.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_InvocationID</em> contains the number of the output patch vertex assigned to |
| the tessellation control shader invocation. |
| It is assigned integer values in the range [0, N-1], where N is the number |
| of output patch vertices per primitive.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="tessellation-control-output-variables">Tessellation Control Output Variables</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_Position</em>, <em>gl_PointSize</em>, <em>gl_ClipDistance</em>, and <em>gl_CullDistance</em> are |
| used in the same fashion as the corresponding output variables in the vertex |
| shader.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The values written to <em>gl_TessLevelOuter</em> and <em>gl_TessLevelInner</em> are |
| assigned to the corresponding outer and inner tessellation levels of the |
| output patch. |
| They are used by the tessellation primitive generator to control primitive |
| tessellation and may be read by tessellation evaluation shaders.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="tessellation-evaluation-shader-special-variables">7.1.3. Tessellation Evaluation Shader Special Variables</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In the tessellation evaluation shader, built-in variables are intrinsically |
| declared as:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in gl_PerVertex { |
| vec4 gl_Position; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_PointSize; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_ClipDistance[]; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_CullDistance[]; |
| } gl_in[gl_MaxPatchVertices]; |
| |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_PatchVerticesIn; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_PrimitiveID; |
| in vec3 gl_TessCoord; |
| patch in <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_TessLevelOuter[<span class="integer">4</span>]; |
| patch in <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_TessLevelInner[<span class="integer">2</span>]; |
| |
| out gl_PerVertex { |
| vec4 gl_Position; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_PointSize; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_ClipDistance[]; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_CullDistance[]; |
| };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="tessellation-evaluation-input-variables">Tessellation Evaluation Input Variables</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_Position</em>, <em>gl_PointSize</em>, <em>gl_ClipDistance</em>, and <em>gl_CullDistance</em> |
| contain the values written in the previous shader stage to the corresponding |
| outputs.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_PatchVerticesIn</em> and <em>gl_PrimitiveID</em> are defined in the same fashion as |
| the corresponding input variables in the tessellation control shader.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_TessCoord</em> specifies a three-component <em>(u,v,w)</em> vector identifying the |
| position of the vertex being processed by the shader relative to the |
| primitive being tessellated. |
| Its values will obey the properties</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">gl_TessCoord.x == <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span> - (<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span> - gl_TessCoord.x) <span class="comment">// two operations performed</span> |
| gl_TessCoord.y == <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span> - (<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span> - gl_TessCoord.y) <span class="comment">// two operations performed</span> |
| gl_TessCoord.z == <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span> - (<span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span> - gl_TessCoord.z) <span class="comment">// two operations performed</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>to aid in replicating subdivision computations.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If a tessellation control shader is active, the input variables |
| <em>gl_TessLevelOuter</em> and <em>gl_TessLevelInner</em> are filled with the |
| corresponding outputs written by the tessellation control shader. |
| Otherwise, they are assigned with default tessellation levels specified in |
| section 11.2.3.3 “Tessellation Evaluation Shader Inputs” of the |
| <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="tessellation-evaluation-output-variables">Tessellation Evaluation Output Variables</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_Position</em>, <em>gl_PointSize</em>, <em>gl_ClipDistance</em>, and <em>gl_CullDistance</em> are |
| used in the same fashion as the corresponding output variables in the vertex |
| shader.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="geometry-shader-special-variables">7.1.4. Geometry Shader Special Variables</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In the geometry shader, built-in variables are intrinsically declared as:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in gl_PerVertex { |
| vec4 gl_Position; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_PointSize; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_ClipDistance[]; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_CullDistance[]; |
| } gl_in[]; |
| |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_PrimitiveIDIn; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_InvocationID; |
| |
| out gl_PerVertex { |
| vec4 gl_Position; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_PointSize; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_ClipDistance[]; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_CullDistance[]; |
| }; |
| |
| out <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_PrimitiveID; |
| out <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_Layer; |
| out <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_ViewportIndex;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="geometry-shader-input-variables">Geometry Shader Input Variables</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_Position</em>, <em>gl_PointSize</em>, <em>gl_ClipDistance</em>, and <em>gl_CullDistance</em> |
| contain the values written in the previous shader stage to the corresponding |
| outputs.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_PrimitiveIDIn</em> contains the number of primitives processed by the shader |
| since the current set of rendering primitives was started.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_InvocationID</em> contains the invocation number assigned to the geometry |
| shader invocation. |
| It is assigned integer values in the range [0, N-1], where N is the number |
| of geometry shader invocations per primitive.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="geometry-shader-output-variables">Geometry Shader Output Variables</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_Position</em>, <em>gl_PointSize</em>, <em>gl_ClipDistance</em>, and <em>gl_CullDistance</em> are |
| used in the same fashion as the corresponding output variables in the vertex |
| shader.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_PrimitiveID</em> is filled with a single integer that serves as a primitive |
| identifier to the fragment shader. |
| This is then available to fragment shaders, which will select the written |
| primitive ID from the provoking vertex of the primitive being shaded. |
| If a fragment shader using <em>gl_PrimitiveID</em> is active and a geometry shader |
| is also active, the geometry shader must write to <em>gl_PrimitiveID</em> or the |
| fragment shader input <em>gl_PrimitiveID</em> is undefined. |
| See section 11.3.4.5 “Geometry Shader Outputs” of the |
| <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a> for more information.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_Layer</em> is used to select a specific layer (or face and layer of a cube |
| map) of a multi-layer framebuffer attachment. |
| The actual layer used will come from one of the vertices in the primitive |
| being shaded. |
| Which vertex the layer comes from is determined as discussed in section |
| 11.3.4.6 “Layer and Viewport Selection” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a> |
| but may be undefined, so it is best to write the same layer value for all |
| vertices of a primitive. |
| If a shader statically assigns a value to <em>gl_Layer</em>, layered rendering mode |
| is enabled. |
| See section 11.3.4.5 “Geometry Shader Outputs” and section 9.4.9 “Layered |
| Framebuffers” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a> for more information. |
| If a shader statically assigns a value to <em>gl_Layer</em>, and there is an |
| execution path through the shader that does not set <em>gl_Layer</em>, then the |
| value of <em>gl_Layer</em> is undefined for executions of the shader that take that |
| path.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The output variable <em>gl_Layer</em> takes on a special value when used with an |
| array of cube map textures. |
| Instead of only referring to the layer, it is used to select a cube map face |
| and a layer. |
| Setting <em>gl_Layer</em> to the value <em>layer*6+face</em> will render to face <em>face</em> of |
| the cube defined in layer <em>layer</em>. |
| The face values are defined in table 9.3 of section 9.4.9 “Layered |
| Framebuffers” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>, |
| but repeated below for clarity.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Face Value</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Resulting Target</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">0</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">1</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_X</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Y</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">3</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Y</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">4</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Z</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">5</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Z</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example, to render to the positive <em>y</em> cube map face located in the 5th |
| layer of the cube map array, <em>gl_Layer</em> should be set to <em>5 * 6 + 2</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The output variable <em>gl_ViewportIndex</em> provides the index of the viewport to |
| which the next primitive emitted from the geometry shader should be drawn. |
| Primitives generated by the geometry shader will undergo viewport |
| transformation and scissor testing using the viewport transformation and |
| scissor rectangle selected by the value of <em>gl_ViewportIndex</em>. |
| The viewport index used will come from one of the vertices in the primitive |
| being shaded. |
| However, which vertex the viewport index comes from is |
| implementation-dependent, so it is best to use the same viewport index for |
| all vertices of the primitive. |
| If a geometry shader does not assign a value to <em>gl_ViewportIndex</em>, viewport |
| transform and scissor rectangle zero will be used. |
| If a geometry shader statically assigns a value to <em>gl_ViewportIndex</em> and |
| there is a path through the shader that does not assign a value to |
| <em>gl_ViewportIndex</em>, the value of <em>gl_ViewportIndex</em> is undefined for |
| executions of the shader that take that path. |
| See section 11.3.4.6 “Layer and Viewport Selection” of the |
| <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a> for more information.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="fragment-shader-special-variables">7.1.5. Fragment Shader Special Variables</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The built-in special variables that are accessible from a fragment shader |
| are intrinsically declared as follows:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in vec4 gl_FragCoord; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">bool</span> gl_FrontFacing; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_ClipDistance[]; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_CullDistance[]; |
| in vec2 gl_PointCoord; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_PrimitiveID; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_SampleID; |
| in vec2 gl_SamplePosition; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_SampleMaskIn[]; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_Layer; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_ViewportIndex; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">bool</span> gl_HelperInvocation; |
| |
| out <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_FragDepth; |
| out <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_SampleMask[];</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The output of the fragment shader executable is processed by the fixed |
| function operations at the back end of the API pipeline.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The fixed functionality computed depth for a fragment may be obtained by |
| reading <em>gl_FragCoord.z</em>, described below.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Writing to <em>gl_FragDepth</em> will establish the depth value for the fragment |
| being processed. |
| If depth buffering is enabled, and no shader writes <em>gl_FragDepth</em>, then the |
| fixed function value for depth will be used as the fragment’s depth value. |
| If a shader statically assigns a value to <em>gl_FragDepth</em>, and there is an |
| execution path through the shader that does not set <em>gl_FragDepth</em>, then the |
| value of the fragment’s depth may be undefined for executions of the shader |
| that take that path. |
| That is, if the set of linked fragment shaders statically contain a write to |
| <em>gl_FragDepth</em>, then it is responsible for always writing it.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If a shader executes the <strong>discard</strong> keyword, the fragment is discarded, and |
| the values of any user-defined fragment outputs, <em>gl_FragDepth</em>, and |
| <em>gl_SampleMask</em> become irrelevant.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The variable <em>gl_FragCoord</em> is available as an input variable from within |
| fragment shaders and it holds the window relative coordinates (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>, |
| <em>z</em>, <em>1/w</em>) values for the fragment. |
| If multi-sampling, this value can be for any location within the pixel, or |
| one of the fragment samples. |
| The use of <strong>centroid</strong> does not further restrict this value to be inside the |
| current primitive. |
| This value is the result of the fixed functionality that interpolates |
| primitives after vertex processing to generate fragments. |
| The <em>z</em> component is the depth value that would be used for the fragment’s |
| depth if no shader contained any writes to <em>gl_FragDepth</em>. |
| This is useful for invariance if a shader conditionally computes |
| <em>gl_FragDepth</em> but otherwise wants the fixed functionality fragment depth.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Fragment shaders have access to the input built-in variable |
| <em>gl_FrontFacing</em>, whose value is <strong>true</strong> if the fragment belongs to a |
| front-facing primitive. |
| One use of this is to emulate two-sided lighting by selecting one of two |
| colors calculated by a vertex or geometry shader.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The values in <em>gl_PointCoord</em> are two-dimensional coordinates indicating |
| where within a point primitive the current fragment is located, when point |
| sprites are enabled. |
| They range from 0.0 to 1.0 across the point. |
| If the current primitive is not a point, or if point sprites are not |
| enabled, then the values read from <em>gl_PointCoord</em> are undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For both the input array <em>gl_SampleMaskIn[]</em> and the output array |
| <em>gl_SampleMask[]</em>, bit <em>B</em> of mask <em>M</em> (<em>gl_SampleMaskIn[M]</em> or |
| <em>gl_SampleMask[M]</em>) corresponds to sample <em>32*M+B</em>. |
| These arrays have <strong>ceil</strong>(<em>s</em>/32) elements, where <em>s</em> is the maximum number |
| of color samples supported by the implementation.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The input variable <em>gl_SampleMaskIn</em> indicates the set of samples covered by |
| the primitive generating the fragment during multisample rasterization. |
| It has a sample bit set if and only if the sample is considered covered for |
| this fragment shader invocation.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The output array <em>gl_SampleMask[]</em> sets the sample mask for the fragment |
| being processed. |
| Coverage for the current fragment will become the logical AND of the |
| coverage mask and the output <em>gl_SampleMask</em>. |
| This array must be sized in the fragment shader either implicitly or |
| explicitly, to be no larger than the implementation-dependent maximum |
| sample-mask (as an array of 32bit elements), determined by the maximum |
| number of samples.. |
| If the fragment shader statically assigns a value to <em>gl_SampleMask</em>, the |
| sample mask will be undefined for any array elements of any fragment shader |
| invocations that fail to assign a value. |
| If a shader does not statically assign a value to <em>gl_SampleMask</em>, the |
| sample mask has no effect on the processing of a fragment.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The input variable <em>gl_SampleID</em> is filled with the sample number of the |
| sample currently being processed. |
| This variable is in the range <em>0</em> to <em>gl_NumSamples-1</em>, where |
| <em>gl_NumSamples</em> is the total number of samples in the framebuffer, or 1 if |
| rendering to a non-multisample framebuffer. |
| Any static use of this variable in a fragment shader causes the entire |
| shader to be evaluated per-sample.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The input variable <em>gl_SamplePosition</em> contains the position of the current |
| sample within the multisample draw buffer. |
| The <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> components of <em>gl_SamplePosition</em> contain the sub-pixel |
| coordinate of the current sample and will have values in the range 0.0 to |
| 1.0. |
| Any static use of this variable in a fragment shader causes the entire |
| shader to be evaluated per sample.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The value <em>gl_HelperInvocation</em> is <strong>true</strong> if the fragment shader invocation |
| is considered a <em>helper invocation</em> and is <strong>false</strong> otherwise. |
| A helper invocation is a fragment shader invocation that is created solely |
| for the purposes of evaluating derivatives for use in non-helper fragment |
| shader invocations. |
| Such derivatives are computed implicitly in the built-in function |
| <strong>texture</strong>() (see “<a href="#texture-functions">Texture Functions</a>”), and |
| explicitly in the derivative functions in |
| “<a href="#derivative-functions">Derivative Functions</a>”, for example <strong>dFdx</strong>() and |
| <strong>dFdy</strong>().</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Fragment shader helper invocations execute the same shader code as |
| non-helper invocations, but will not have side effects that modify the |
| framebuffer or other shader-accessible memory. |
| In particular:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Fragments corresponding to helper invocations are discarded when shader |
| execution is complete, without updating the framebuffer.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Stores to image and buffer variables performed by helper invocations |
| have no effect on the underlying image or buffer memory.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Atomic operations to image, buffer, or atomic counter variables |
| performed by helper invocations have no effect on the underlying image |
| or buffer memory. |
| The values returned by such atomic operations are undefined.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Helper invocations may be generated for pixels not covered by a primitive |
| being rendered. |
| While fragment shader inputs qualified with <strong>centroid</strong> are normally required |
| to be sampled in the intersection of the pixel and the primitive, the |
| requirement is ignored for such pixels since there is no intersection |
| between the pixel and primitive.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Helper invocations may also be generated for fragments that are covered by a |
| primitive being rendered when the fragment is killed by early fragment tests |
| (using the <strong>early_fragment_tests</strong> qualifier) or where the implementation is |
| able to determine that executing the fragment shader would have no effect |
| other than assisting in computing derivatives for other fragment shader |
| invocations.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The set of helper invocations generated when processing any set of |
| primitives is implementation-dependent.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><em>gl_ClipDistance</em> contains linearly interpolated values for the vertex- |
| pipeline values written by a shader to the <em>gl_ClipDistance</em> output |
| variable. Only elements in this array that have clipping enabled will |
| have defined values.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The input variable <em>gl_PrimitiveID</em> is filled with the value written to the |
| <em>gl_PrimitiveID</em> geometry shader output, if a geometry shader is present. |
| Otherwise, it is filled with the number of primitives processed by the |
| shader since the current set of rendering primitives was started.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The input variable <em>gl_Layer</em> is filled with the value written to the |
| <em>gl_Layer</em> geometry shader output, if a geometry shader is present. |
| If the geometry stage does not dynamically assign a value to <em>gl_Layer</em>, the |
| value of <em>gl_Layer</em> in the fragment stage will be undefined. |
| If the geometry stage makes no static assignment to <em>gl_Layer</em>, the input |
| value in the fragment stage will be zero. |
| Otherwise, the fragment stage will read the same value written by the |
| geometry stage, even if that value is out of range. |
| If a fragment shader contains a static access to <em>gl_Layer</em>, it will count |
| against the implementation defined limit for the maximum number of inputs to |
| the fragment stage.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The input variable <em>gl_ViewportIndex</em> is filled with the value written to |
| the output variable <em>gl_ViewportIndex</em> in the geometry stage, if a geometry |
| shader is present. |
| If the geometry stage does not dynamically assign a value to |
| <em>gl_ViewportIndex</em>, the value of <em>gl_ViewportIndex</em> in the fragment shader |
| will be undefined. |
| If the geometry stage makes no static assignment to <em>gl_ViewportIndex</em>, the |
| fragment stage will read zero. |
| Otherwise, the fragment stage will read the same value written by the |
| geometry stage, even if that value is out of range. |
| If a fragment shader contains a static access to <em>gl_ViewportIndex</em>, it will |
| count against the implementation defined limit for the maximum number of |
| inputs to the fragment stage.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="compute-shader-special-variables">7.1.6. Compute Shader Special Variables</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In the compute shader, built-in variables are declared as follows:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">// workgroup dimensions</span> |
| in uvec3 gl_NumWorkGroups; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> uvec3 gl_WorkGroupSize; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// workgroup and invocation IDs</span> |
| in uvec3 gl_WorkGroupID; |
| in uvec3 gl_LocalInvocationID; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// derived variables</span> |
| in uvec3 gl_GlobalInvocationID; |
| in uint gl_LocalInvocationIndex;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The built-in variable <em>gl_NumWorkGroups</em> is a compute-shader input variable |
| containing the number of workgroups in each dimension of the dispatch that |
| will execute the compute shader. |
| Its content is equal to the values specified in the <em>num_groups_x</em>, |
| <em>num_groups_y</em>, and <em>num_groups_z</em> parameters passed to the |
| <em>DispatchCompute</em> API entry point.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The built-in constant <em>gl_WorkGroupSize</em> is a compute-shader constant |
| containing the workgroup size of the shader. |
| The size of the workgroup in the <em>X</em>, <em>Y</em>, and <em>Z</em> dimensions is stored in |
| the <em>x</em>, <em>y</em>, and <em>z</em> components. |
| The constants values in <em>gl_WorkGroupSize</em> will match those specified in the |
| required <strong>local_size_x</strong>, <strong>local_size_y</strong>, and <strong>local_size_z</strong> layout |
| qualifiers for the current shader. |
| This is a constant so that it can be used to size arrays of memory that can |
| be shared within the workgroup. |
| It is a compile-time error to use <em>gl_WorkGroupSize</em> in a shader that does |
| not declare a fixed workgroup size, or before that shader has declared a |
| fixed workgroup size, using <strong>local_size_x</strong>, <strong>local_size_y</strong>, and |
| <strong>local_size_z</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The built-in variable <em>gl_WorkGroupID</em> is a compute-shader input variable |
| containing the three-dimensional index of the workgroup that the |
| current invocation is executing in. |
| The possible values range across the parameters passed into |
| <em>DispatchCompute</em>, i.e., from (0, 0, 0) to (<em>gl_NumWorkGroups.x</em> - 1, |
| <em>gl_NumWorkGroups.y</em> - 1, <em>gl_NumWorkGroups.z</em> -1).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The built-in variable <em>gl_LocalInvocationID</em> is a compute-shader input |
| variable containing the three-dimensional index of the current work item |
| within the workgroup. |
| The possible values for this variable range across the workgroup |
| size, i.e., (0,0,0) to (<em>gl_WorkGroupSize.x</em> - 1, <em>gl_WorkGroupSize.y</em> - 1, |
| <em>gl_WorkGroupSize.z</em> - 1). Use of <em>gl_LocalInvocationID</em> is allowed |
| before declarations of <strong>local_size_x</strong>, <strong>local_size_y</strong>, and <strong>local_size_z</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The built-in variable <em>gl_GlobalInvocationID</em> is a compute shader input |
| variable containing the global index of the current work item. |
| This value uniquely identifies this invocation from all other invocations |
| across all workgroups initiated by the current <em>DispatchCompute</em> call. |
| This is computed as:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">gl_GlobalInvocationID = |
| gl_WorkGroupID * gl_WorkGroupSize + gl_LocalInvocationID;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The built-in variable <em>gl_LocalInvocationIndex</em> is a compute shader input |
| variable that contains the one-dimensional representation of the |
| <em>gl_LocalInvocationID</em>. |
| This is computed as:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">gl_LocalInvocationIndex = |
| gl_LocalInvocationID.z * gl_WorkGroupSize.x * gl_WorkGroupSize.y + |
| gl_LocalInvocationID.y * gl_WorkGroupSize.x + |
| gl_LocalInvocationID.x;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Use of <em>gl_LocalInvocationIndex</em> is allowed before declarations of |
| <strong>local_size_x</strong>, <strong>local_size_y</strong>, and <strong>local_size_z</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="compatibility-profile-built-in-language-variables">7.1.7. Compatibility Profile Built-In Language Variables</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When using the compatibility profile, the GL can provide fixed functionality |
| behavior for the vertex and fragment programmable pipeline stages. |
| For example, mixing a fixed functionality vertex stage with a programmable |
| fragment stage.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following built-in vertex, tessellation control, tessellation |
| evaluation, and geometry output variables are available to specify inputs |
| for the subsequent programmable shader stage or the fixed functionality |
| fragment stage. |
| A particular one should be written to if any functionality in a |
| corresponding fragment shader or fixed pipeline uses it or state derived |
| from it. |
| Otherwise, behavior is undefined. |
| The following members are added to the output <em>gl_PerVertex</em> block in these |
| languages:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">out gl_PerVertex { <span class="comment">// part of the gl_PerVertex block described in 7.1</span> |
| <span class="comment">// in addition to other gl_PerVertex members...</span> |
| vec4 gl_ClipVertex; |
| vec4 gl_FrontColor; |
| vec4 gl_BackColor; |
| vec4 gl_FrontSecondaryColor; |
| vec4 gl_BackSecondaryColor; |
| vec4 gl_TexCoord[]; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_FogFragCoord; |
| };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The output variable <em>gl_ClipVertex</em> provides a place for vertex and geometry |
| shaders to write the coordinate to be used with the user clipping planes. |
| Writing to <em>gl_ClipDistance</em> is the preferred method for user clipping. |
| It is a compile-time or link-time error for the set of shaders forming a |
| program to statically read or write both <em>gl_ClipVertex</em> and either |
| <em>gl_ClipDistance</em> or <em>gl_CullDistance</em>. |
| If neither <em>gl_ClipVertex</em> nor <em>gl_ClipDistance</em> is written, their values |
| are undefined and any clipping against user clip planes is also undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Similarly to what was previously described for the core profile, the |
| <em>gl_PerVertex</em> block can be redeclared in a shader to explicitly include |
| these additional members. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">out gl_PerVertex { |
| vec4 gl_Position; <span class="comment">// will use gl_Position</span> |
| vec4 gl_FrontColor; <span class="comment">// will consume gl_color in the fragment shader</span> |
| vec4 gl_BackColor; |
| vec4 gl_TexCoord[<span class="integer">3</span>]; <span class="comment">// 3 elements of gl_TexCoord will be used</span> |
| }; <span class="comment">// no other aspects of the fixed interface will be used</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The user must ensure the clip vertex and user clipping planes are defined in |
| the same coordinate space. |
| User clip planes work properly only under linear transform. |
| It is undefined what happens under non-linear transform.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The output variables <em>gl_FrontColor</em>, <em>glFrontSecondaryColor</em>, |
| <em>gl_BackColor</em>, and <em>glBackSecondaryColor</em> assign primary and secondary |
| colors for front and back faces of primitives containing the vertex being |
| processed. |
| The output variable <em>gl_TexCoord</em> assigns texture coordinates for the vertex |
| being processed.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For <em>gl_FogFragCoord</em>, the value written will be used as the “c” value in |
| section 16.4 “Fog” of the Compatibility profile of the |
| <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>, by the fixed functionality pipeline. |
| For example, if the z-coordinate of the fragment in eye space is desired as |
| “c”, then that’s what the vertex shader executable should write into |
| <em>gl_FogFragCoord</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>As with all arrays, indices used to subscript <em>gl_TexCoord</em> must either be a |
| constant integral expressions, or this array must be redeclared by the |
| shader with a size. |
| The size can be at most <em>gl_MaxTextureCoords</em>. |
| Using indices close to 0 may aid the implementation in preserving varying |
| resources. |
| The redeclaration of <em>gl_TexCoord</em> can also be done at global scope as, for |
| example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in vec4 gl_TexCoord[<span class="integer">3</span>]; |
| out vec4 gl_TexCoord[<span class="integer">4</span>];</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>(This treatment is a special case for <em>gl_TexCoord[]</em>, not a general method |
| for redeclaring members of blocks.) It is a compile-time error to redeclare |
| <em>gl_TexCoord[]</em> at global scope if there is a redeclaration of the |
| corresponding built-in block; only one form of redeclaration is allowed |
| within a shader (and hence within a stage, as block redeclarations must |
| match across all shaders using it).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In the tessellation control, evaluation, and geometry shaders, the outputs |
| of the previous stage described above are also available in the input |
| <em>gl_PerVertex</em> block in these languages.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in gl_PerVertex { <span class="comment">// part of the gl_PerVertex block described in 7.1</span> |
| <span class="comment">// in addition to other gl_PerVertex members...</span> |
| vec4 gl_ClipVertex; |
| vec4 gl_FrontColor; |
| vec4 gl_BackColor; |
| vec4 gl_FrontSecondaryColor; |
| vec4 gl_BackSecondaryColor; |
| vec4 gl_TexCoord[]; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_FogFragCoord; |
| } gl_in[];</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These can be redeclared to establish an explicit pipeline interface, the |
| same way as described above for the output block <em>gl_PerVertex</em>, and the |
| input redeclaration must match the output redeclaration of the previous |
| stage. |
| However, when a built-in interface block with an instance name is redeclared |
| (e.g. <em>gl_in</em>), the instance name must be included in the redeclaration. |
| It is a compile-time error to not include the built-in instance name or to |
| change its name. |
| For example,</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in gl_PerVertex { |
| vec4 gl_ClipVertex; |
| vec4 gl_FrontColor; |
| } gl_in[]; <span class="comment">// must be present and must be "gl_in[]"</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Built-in block arrays predeclared with a size can be redeclared with unsized syntax. |
| This keeps their size equal to the original predeclared size.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Treatment of <em>gl_TexCoord[]</em> redeclaration is also identical to that |
| described for the output block <em>gl_TexCoord[]</em> redeclaration.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following fragment input block is also available in a fragment shader |
| when using the compatibility profile:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in gl_PerFragment { |
| in <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_FogFragCoord; |
| in vec4 gl_TexCoord[]; |
| in vec4 gl_Color; |
| in vec4 gl_SecondaryColor; |
| };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The values in <em>gl_Color</em> and <em>gl_SecondaryColor</em> will be derived |
| automatically by the system from <em>gl_FrontColor</em>, <em>gl_BackColor</em>, |
| <em>gl_FrontSecondaryColor</em>, and <em>gl_BackSecondaryColor</em> based on which face is |
| visible in the primitive producing the fragment. |
| If fixed functionality is used for vertex processing, then <em>gl_FogFragCoord</em> |
| will either be the z-coordinate of the fragment in eye space, or the |
| interpolation of the fog coordinate, as described in section 16.4 “Fog” of |
| the Compatibility profile of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>. |
| The <em>gl_TexCoord[]</em> values are the interpolated <em>gl_TexCoord[]</em> values from |
| a vertex shader or the texture coordinates of any fixed pipeline based |
| vertex functionality.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Indices to the fragment shader <em>gl_TexCoord</em> array are as described above in |
| the vertex shader text.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>As described above for the input and output <em>gl_PerVertex</em> blocks, the |
| <em>gl_PerFragment</em> block can be redeclared to create an explicit interface to |
| another program. |
| When matching these interfaces between separate programs, members in the |
| <em>gl_PerVertex</em> output block must be declared if and only if the |
| corresponding fragment shader members generated from them are present in the |
| <em>gl_PerFragment</em> input block. |
| These matches are described in detail in section 7.4.1 “Shader Interface |
| Matching” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>. |
| If they don’t match within a program, a link-time error will result. |
| If the mismatch is between two programs, values passed between programs are |
| undefined. |
| Unlike with all other block matching, the order of declaration within |
| <em>gl_PerFragment</em> does not have to match across shaders and does not have to |
| correspond with order of declaration in a matching <em>gl_PerVertex</em> |
| redeclaration.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following fragment output variables are available in a fragment shader |
| when using the compatibility profile:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">out vec4 gl_FragColor; |
| out vec4 gl_FragData[gl_MaxDrawBuffers];</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Writing to <em>gl_FragColor</em> specifies the fragment color that will be used by |
| the subsequent fixed functionality pipeline. |
| If subsequent fixed functionality consumes fragment color and an execution |
| of the fragment shader executable does not write a value to <em>gl_FragColor</em> |
| then the fragment color consumed is undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The variable <em>gl_FragData</em> is an array. |
| Writing to <em>gl_FragData[n]</em> specifies the fragment data that will be used by |
| the subsequent fixed functionality pipeline for data <em>n</em>. |
| If subsequent fixed functionality consumes fragment data and an execution of |
| a fragment shader executable does not write a value to it, then the fragment |
| data consumed is undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If a shader statically assigns a value to <em>gl_FragColor</em>, it may not assign |
| a value to any element of <em>gl_FragData</em>. |
| If a shader statically writes a value to any element of <em>gl_FragData</em>, it |
| may not assign a value to <em>gl_FragColor</em>. |
| That is, a shader may assign values to either <em>gl_FragColor</em> or |
| <em>gl_FragData</em>, but not both. |
| Multiple shaders linked together must also consistently write just one of |
| these variables. |
| Similarly, if user-declared output variables are in use (statically assigned |
| to), then the built-in variables <em>gl_FragColor</em> and <em>gl_FragData</em> may not be |
| assigned to. |
| These incorrect usages all generate compile-time or link-time errors.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If a shader executes the <strong>discard</strong> keyword, the fragment is discarded, and |
| the values of <em>gl_FragDepth</em> and <em>gl_FragColor</em> become irrelevant.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="compatibility-profile-vertex-shader-built-in-inputs">7.2. Compatibility Profile Vertex Shader Built-In Inputs</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following predeclared input names can be used from within a vertex |
| shader to access the current values of OpenGL state when using the |
| compatibility profile.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">in vec4 gl_Color; |
| in vec4 gl_SecondaryColor; |
| in vec3 gl_Normal; |
| in vec4 gl_Vertex; |
| in vec4 gl_MultiTexCoord0; |
| in vec4 gl_MultiTexCoord1; |
| in vec4 gl_MultiTexCoord2; |
| in vec4 gl_MultiTexCoord3; |
| in vec4 gl_MultiTexCoord4; |
| in vec4 gl_MultiTexCoord5; |
| in vec4 gl_MultiTexCoord6; |
| in vec4 gl_MultiTexCoord7; |
| in <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_FogCoord;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="built-in-constants">7.3. Built-In Constants</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following built-in constants are declared in all shaders. |
| The actual values used are implementation-dependent, but must be at least |
| the value shown.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="comment">// Implementation-dependent constants. The example values below</span> |
| <span class="comment">// are the minimum values allowed for these maximums.</span> |
| <span class="comment">//</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxVertexAttribs = <span class="integer">16</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxVertexUniformVectors = <span class="integer">256</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxVertexUniformComponents = <span class="integer">1024</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxVertexOutputComponents = <span class="integer">64</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxVaryingComponents = <span class="integer">60</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxVaryingVectors = <span class="integer">15</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxVertexTextureImageUnits = <span class="integer">16</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxVertexImageUniforms = <span class="integer">0</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxVertexAtomicCounters = <span class="integer">0</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxVertexAtomicCounterBuffers = <span class="integer">0</span>; |
| |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessPatchComponents = <span class="integer">120</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxPatchVertices = <span class="integer">32</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessGenLevel = <span class="integer">64</span>; |
| |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessControlInputComponents = <span class="integer">128</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessControlOutputComponents = <span class="integer">128</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessControlTextureImageUnits = <span class="integer">16</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessControlUniformComponents = <span class="integer">1024</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessControlTotalOutputComponents = <span class="integer">4096</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessControlImageUniforms = <span class="integer">0</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessControlAtomicCounters = <span class="integer">0</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessControlAtomicCounterBuffers = <span class="integer">0</span>; |
| |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessEvaluationInputComponents = <span class="integer">128</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessEvaluationOutputComponents = <span class="integer">128</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessEvaluationTextureImageUnits = <span class="integer">16</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessEvaluationUniformComponents = <span class="integer">1024</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessEvaluationImageUniforms = <span class="integer">0</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessEvaluationAtomicCounters = <span class="integer">0</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTessEvaluationAtomicCounterBuffers = <span class="integer">0</span>; |
| |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxGeometryInputComponents = <span class="integer">64</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxGeometryOutputComponents = <span class="integer">128</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxGeometryImageUniforms = <span class="integer">0</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxGeometryTextureImageUnits = <span class="integer">16</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxGeometryOutputVertices = <span class="integer">256</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxGeometryTotalOutputComponents = <span class="integer">1024</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxGeometryUniformComponents = <span class="integer">1024</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxGeometryVaryingComponents = <span class="integer">64</span>; <span class="comment">// deprecated</span> |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxGeometryAtomicCounters = <span class="integer">0</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxGeometryAtomicCounterBuffers = <span class="integer">0</span>; |
| |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxFragmentImageUniforms = <span class="integer">8</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxFragmentInputComponents = <span class="integer">128</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxFragmentUniformVectors = <span class="integer">256</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxFragmentUniformComponents = <span class="integer">1024</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxFragmentAtomicCounters = <span class="integer">8</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxFragmentAtomicCounterBuffers = <span class="integer">1</span>; |
| |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxDrawBuffers = <span class="integer">8</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTextureImageUnits = <span class="integer">16</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MinProgramTexelOffset = -<span class="integer">8</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxProgramTexelOffset = <span class="integer">7</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxImageUnits = <span class="integer">8</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxSamples = <span class="integer">4</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxImageSamples = <span class="integer">0</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxClipDistances = <span class="integer">8</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxCullDistances = <span class="integer">8</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxViewports = <span class="integer">16</span>; |
| |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxComputeImageUniforms = <span class="integer">8</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> ivec3 gl_MaxComputeWorkGroupCount = { <span class="integer">65535</span>, <span class="integer">65535</span>, <span class="integer">65535</span> }; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> ivec3 gl_MaxComputeWorkGroupSize = { <span class="integer">1024</span>, <span class="integer">1024</span>, <span class="integer">64</span> }; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxComputeUniformComponents = <span class="integer">1024</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxComputeTextureImageUnits = <span class="integer">16</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxComputeAtomicCounters = <span class="integer">8</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxComputeAtomicCounterBuffers = <span class="integer">8</span>; |
| |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxCombinedTextureImageUnits = <span class="integer">96</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxCombinedImageUniforms = <span class="integer">48</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxCombinedImageUnitsAndFragmentOutputs = <span class="integer">8</span>; <span class="comment">// deprecated</span> |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxCombinedShaderOutputResources = <span class="integer">16</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxCombinedAtomicCounters = <span class="integer">8</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxCombinedAtomicCounterBuffers = <span class="integer">1</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxCombinedClipAndCullDistances = <span class="integer">8</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxAtomicCounterBindings = <span class="integer">1</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxAtomicCounterBufferSize = <span class="integer">32</span>; |
| |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTransformFeedbackBuffers = <span class="integer">4</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTransformFeedbackInterleavedComponents = <span class="integer">64</span>; |
| |
| <span class="directive">const</span> highp <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxInputAttachments = <span class="integer">1</span>; <span class="comment">// only present when targeting Vulkan</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The constant <em>gl_MaxVaryingFloats</em> is removed in the core profile, use |
| <em>gl_MaxVaryingComponents</em> instead.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="compatibility-profile-built-in-constants">7.3.1. Compatibility Profile Built-In Constants</h4> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTextureUnits = <span class="integer">2</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxTextureCoords = <span class="integer">8</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxClipPlanes = <span class="integer">8</span>; |
| <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_MaxVaryingFloats = <span class="integer">60</span>;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="built-in-uniform-state">7.4. Built-In Uniform State</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Built-in uniform state is not available when generating SPIR-V. |
| Otherwise, as an aid to accessing OpenGL processing state, the following |
| uniform variables are built into the OpenGL Shading Language.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="comment">// Depth range in window coordinates,</span> |
| <span class="comment">// section 13.6.1 "Controlling the Viewport" in the</span> |
| <span class="comment">// OpenGL Specification.</span> |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="comment">// Note: Depth-range state is only for viewport 0.</span> |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> gl_DepthRangeParameters { |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> near; <span class="comment">// n</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> far; <span class="comment">// f</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> diff; <span class="comment">// f - n</span> |
| }; |
| uniform gl_DepthRangeParameters gl_DepthRange; |
| uniform <span class="predefined-type">int</span> gl_NumSamples;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These variables are only guaranteed to be available in the fragment stage. |
| In other stages, their presence and function is implementation-defined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="compatibility-profile-state">7.4.1. Compatibility Profile State</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These variables are present only in the compatibility profile. |
| They are not available to compute shaders, but are available to all other |
| shaders.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="comment">// compatibility profile only</span> |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| uniform mat4 gl_ModelViewMatrix; |
| uniform mat4 gl_ProjectionMatrix; |
| uniform mat4 gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix; |
| uniform mat4 gl_TextureMatrix[gl_MaxTextureCoords]; |
| |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="comment">// compatibility profile only</span> |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| uniform mat3 gl_NormalMatrix; <span class="comment">// transpose of the inverse of the</span> |
| <span class="comment">// upper leftmost 3x3 of gl_ModelViewMatrix</span> |
| |
| uniform mat4 gl_ModelViewMatrixInverse; |
| uniform mat4 gl_ProjectionMatrixInverse; |
| uniform mat4 gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrixInverse; |
| uniform mat4 gl_TextureMatrixInverse[gl_MaxTextureCoords]; |
| |
| uniform mat4 gl_ModelViewMatrixTranspose; |
| uniform mat4 gl_ProjectionMatrixTranspose; |
| uniform mat4 gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrixTranspose; |
| uniform mat4 gl_TextureMatrixTranspose[gl_MaxTextureCoords]; |
| |
| uniform mat4 gl_ModelViewMatrixInverseTranspose; |
| uniform mat4 gl_ProjectionMatrixInverseTranspose; |
| uniform mat4 gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrixInverseTranspose; |
| uniform mat4 gl_TextureMatrixInverseTranspose[gl_MaxTextureCoords]; |
| |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="comment">// compatibility profile only</span> |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| uniform <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_NormalScale; |
| |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="comment">// compatibility profile only</span> |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| uniform vec4 gl_ClipPlane[gl_MaxClipPlanes]; |
| |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="comment">// compatibility profile only</span> |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> gl_PointParameters { |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> size; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> sizeMin; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> sizeMax; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> fadeThresholdSize; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> distanceConstantAttenuation; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> distanceLinearAttenuation; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> distanceQuadraticAttenuation; |
| }; |
| |
| uniform gl_PointParameters gl_Point; |
| |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="comment">// compatibility profile only</span> |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> gl_MaterialParameters { |
| vec4 emission; <span class="comment">// Ecm</span> |
| vec4 ambient; <span class="comment">// Acm</span> |
| vec4 diffuse; <span class="comment">// Dcm</span> |
| vec4 specular; <span class="comment">// Scm</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> shininess; <span class="comment">// Srm</span> |
| }; |
| uniform gl_MaterialParameters gl_FrontMaterial; |
| uniform gl_MaterialParameters gl_BackMaterial; |
| |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="comment">// compatibility profile only</span> |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> gl_LightSourceParameters { |
| vec4 ambient; <span class="comment">// Acli</span> |
| vec4 diffuse; <span class="comment">// Dcli</span> |
| vec4 specular; <span class="comment">// Scli</span> |
| vec4 position; <span class="comment">// Ppli</span> |
| vec4 halfVector; <span class="comment">// Derived: Hi</span> |
| vec3 spotDirection; <span class="comment">// Sdli</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> spotExponent; <span class="comment">// Srli</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> spotCutoff; <span class="comment">// Crli</span> |
| <span class="comment">// (range: [0.0,90.0], 180.0)</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> spotCosCutoff; <span class="comment">// Derived: cos(Crli)</span> |
| <span class="comment">// (range: [1.0,0.0],-1.0)</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> constantAttenuation; <span class="comment">// K0</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> linearAttenuation; <span class="comment">// K1</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> quadraticAttenuation; <span class="comment">// K2</span> |
| }; |
| |
| uniform gl_LightSourceParameters gl_LightSource[gl_MaxLights]; |
| |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> gl_LightModelParameters { |
| vec4 ambient; <span class="comment">// Acs</span> |
| }; |
| |
| uniform gl_LightModelParameters gl_LightModel; |
| |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="comment">// compatibility profile only</span> |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="comment">// Derived state from products of light and material.</span> |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> gl_LightModelProducts { |
| vec4 sceneColor; <span class="comment">// Derived. Ecm + Acm * Acs</span> |
| }; |
| |
| uniform gl_LightModelProducts gl_FrontLightModelProduct; |
| uniform gl_LightModelProducts gl_BackLightModelProduct; |
| |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> gl_LightProducts { |
| vec4 ambient; <span class="comment">// Acm * Acli</span> |
| vec4 diffuse; <span class="comment">// Dcm * Dcli</span> |
| vec4 specular; <span class="comment">// Scm * Scli</span> |
| }; |
| |
| uniform gl_LightProducts gl_FrontLightProduct[gl_MaxLights]; |
| uniform gl_LightProducts gl_BackLightProduct[gl_MaxLights]; |
| |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="comment">// compatibility profile only</span> |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| uniform vec4 gl_TextureEnvColor[gl_MaxTextureUnits]; |
| uniform vec4 gl_EyePlaneS[gl_MaxTextureCoords]; |
| uniform vec4 gl_EyePlaneT[gl_MaxTextureCoords]; |
| uniform vec4 gl_EyePlaneR[gl_MaxTextureCoords]; |
| uniform vec4 gl_EyePlaneQ[gl_MaxTextureCoords]; |
| uniform vec4 gl_ObjectPlaneS[gl_MaxTextureCoords]; |
| uniform vec4 gl_ObjectPlaneT[gl_MaxTextureCoords]; |
| uniform vec4 gl_ObjectPlaneR[gl_MaxTextureCoords]; |
| uniform vec4 gl_ObjectPlaneQ[gl_MaxTextureCoords]; |
| |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="comment">// compatibility profile only</span> |
| <span class="comment">//</span> |
| <span class="keyword">struct</span> gl_FogParameters { |
| vec4 color; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> density; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> start; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> end; |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> scale; <span class="comment">// Derived: 1.0 / (end - start)</span> |
| }; |
| |
| uniform gl_FogParameters gl_Fog;</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="redeclaring-built-in-blocks">7.5. Redeclaring Built-In Blocks</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>gl_PerVertex</em> block can be redeclared in a shader to explicitly |
| indicate what subset of the fixed pipeline interface will be used. |
| This is necessary to establish the interface between multiple programs. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">out gl_PerVertex { |
| vec4 gl_Position; <span class="comment">// will use gl_Position</span> |
| <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_PointSize; <span class="comment">// will use gl_PointSize</span> |
| vec4 t; <span class="comment">// error, only gl_PerVertex members allowed</span> |
| }; <span class="comment">// no other members of gl_PerVertex will be used</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This establishes the output interface the shader will use with the |
| subsequent pipeline stage. |
| It must be a subset of the built-in members of <em>gl_PerVertex</em>. |
| Such a redeclaration can also add the <strong>invariant</strong> qualifier, interpolation |
| qualifiers, and the layout qualifiers <strong>xfb_offset</strong>, <strong>xfb_buffer</strong>, and |
| <strong>xfb_stride</strong>. |
| It can also add an array size for unsized arrays. |
| For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">out layout(xfb_buffer = <span class="integer">1</span>, xfb_stride = <span class="integer">16</span>) gl_PerVertex { |
| vec4 gl_Position; |
| layout(xfb_offset = <span class="integer">0</span>) <span class="predefined-type">float</span> gl_ClipDistance[<span class="integer">4</span>]; |
| };</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Other layout qualifiers, like <strong>location</strong>, cannot be added to such a |
| redeclaration, unless specifically stated.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If a built-in interface block is redeclared, it must appear in the shader |
| before any use of any member included in the built-in declaration, or a |
| compile-time error will result. |
| It is also a compile-time error to redeclare the block more than once or to |
| redeclare a built-in block and then use a member from that built-in block |
| that was not included in the redeclaration. |
| Also, if a built-in interface block is redeclared, no member of the built-in |
| declaration can be redeclared outside the block redeclaration. |
| If multiple shaders using members of a built-in block belonging to the same |
| interface are linked together in the same program, they must all redeclare |
| the built-in block in the same way, as described in |
| “<a href="#interface-blocks">Interface Blocks</a>” for interface block matching, or a |
| link-time error will result. |
| It will also be a link-time error if some shaders in a program redeclare a |
| specific built-in interface block while another shader in that program does |
| not redeclare that interface block yet still uses a member of that interface |
| block. |
| If a built-in block interface is formed across shaders in different |
| programs, the shaders must all redeclare the built-in block in the same way |
| (as described for a single program), or the values passed along the |
| interface are undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="built-in-functions">8. Built-In Functions</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The OpenGL Shading Language defines an assortment of built-in convenience functions for |
| scalar and vector operations. |
| Many of these built-in functions can be used in more than one type of |
| shader, but some are intended to provide a direct mapping to hardware and so |
| are available only for a specific type of shader.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The built-in functions basically fall into three categories:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>They expose some necessary hardware functionality in a convenient way |
| such as accessing a texture map. |
| There is no way in the language for these functions to be emulated by a |
| shader.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>They represent a trivial operation (clamp, mix, etc.) that is very |
| simple for the user to write, but they are very common and may have |
| direct hardware support. |
| It is a very hard problem for the compiler to map expressions to complex |
| assembler instructions.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>They represent an operation graphics hardware is likely to accelerate at |
| some point. |
| The trigonometry functions fall into this category.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Many of the functions are similar to the same named ones in common C |
| libraries, but they support vector input as well as the more traditional |
| scalar input.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Applications should be encouraged to use the built-in functions rather than |
| do the equivalent computations in their own shader code since the built-in |
| functions are assumed to be optimal (e.g. perhaps supported directly in |
| hardware).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>User code can replace built-in functions with their own if they choose, by |
| simply redeclaring and defining the same name and argument list. |
| Because built-in functions are in a more outer scope than user built-in |
| functions, doing this will hide all built-in functions with the same name as |
| the redeclared function.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When the built-in functions are specified below, where the input arguments |
| (and corresponding output) can be <strong>float</strong>, <strong>vec2</strong>, <strong>vec3</strong>, or <strong>vec4</strong>, |
| <em>genFType</em> is used as the argument. |
| Where the input arguments (and corresponding output) can be <strong>int</strong>, <strong>ivec2</strong>, |
| <strong>ivec3</strong>, or <strong>ivec4</strong>, <em>genIType</em> is used as the argument. |
| Where the input arguments (and corresponding output) can be <strong>uint</strong>, <strong>uvec2</strong>, |
| <strong>uvec3</strong>, or <strong>uvec4</strong>, <em>genUType</em> is used as the argument. |
| Where the input arguments (or corresponding output) can be <strong>bool</strong>, <strong>bvec2</strong>, |
| <strong>bvec3</strong>, or <strong>bvec4</strong>, <em>genBType</em> is used as the argument. |
| Where the input arguments (and corresponding output) can be <strong>double</strong>, |
| <strong>dvec2</strong>, <strong>dvec3</strong>, <strong>dvec4</strong>, <em>genDType</em> is used as the argument. |
| For any specific use of a function, the actual types substituted for |
| <em>genFType</em>, <em>genIType</em>, <em>genUType</em>, or <em>genBType</em> have to have the same |
| number of components for all arguments and for the return type. |
| Similarly, <em>mat</em> is used for any matrix basic |
| type with single-precision |
| components and <em>dmat</em> is used for any matrix basic type with |
| double-precision components.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Built-in functions have an effective precision qualification. |
| This qualification cannot be set explicitly and may be different from the |
| precision qualification of the result.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note: In general, as has been noted, precision qualification is ignored |
| unless targeting Vulkan.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The precision qualification of the operation of a built-in function is based |
| on the precision qualification of its formal parameters and actual |
| parameters (input arguments): When a formal parameter specifies a precision |
| qualifier, that is used, otherwise, the precision qualification of the |
| actual (calling) argument is used. |
| The highest precision of these will be the precision of the operation of the |
| built-in function. |
| Generally, this is applied across all arguments to a built-in function, with |
| the exceptions being:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>bitfieldExtract</strong> and <strong>bitfieldInsert</strong> ignore the <em>offset</em> and <em>bits</em> |
| arguments.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>interpolateAt</strong> functions only look at the <em>interpolant</em> argument.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The precision qualification of the result of a built-in function is |
| determined in one of the following ways:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For the texture sampling, image load and image store functions, the |
| precision of the return type matches the precision of the |
| texture-combined sampler type:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">uniform lowp sampler2D texSampler; |
| highp vec2 coord; |
| ... |
| lowp vec4 col = texture (texSampler, coord); <span class="comment">// texture() returns lowp</span></code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Otherwise:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>For prototypes that do not specify a resulting precision qualifier, the |
| precision will be the same as the precision of the operation (as defined |
| earlier).</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>For prototypes that do specify a resulting precision qualifier, the |
| specified precision qualifier is the precision qualification of the |
| result.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Where the built-in functions in the following sections specify an equation, |
| the entire equation will be evaluated at the operation’s precision. |
| This may lead to underflow or overflow in the result, even when the correct |
| result could be represented in the operation precision.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="angle-and-trigonometry-functions">8.1. Angle and Trigonometry Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Function parameters specified as <em>angle</em> are assumed to be in units of |
| radians. |
| In no case will any of these functions result in a divide by zero error. |
| If the divisor of a ratio is 0, then results will be undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These all operate component-wise. |
| The description is per component.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>radians</strong>(genFType <em>degrees</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts <em>degrees</em> to radians, i.e., |
| <span class="eq">(π / 180) · degrees</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>degrees</strong>(genFType <em>radians</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts <em>radians</em> to degrees, i.e., |
| <span class="eq">(180 / π) · radians</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>sin</strong>(genFType <em>angle</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">The standard trigonometric sine function.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>cos</strong>(genFType <em>angle</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">The standard trigonometric cosine function.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>tan</strong>(genFType <em>angle</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">The standard trigonometric tangent.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>asin</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Arc sine. |
| Returns an angle whose sine is <em>x</em>. |
| The range of values returned by this function is |
| <span class="eq">[-π / 2, π / 2]</span>. |
| Results are undefined if <span class="eq">|x| > 1</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>acos</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Arc cosine. |
| Returns an angle whose cosine is <em>x</em>. |
| The range of values returned by this function is <span class="eq">[0,Ï€]</span>. |
| Results are undefined if <span class="eq">|x| > 1</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>atan</strong>(genFType <em>y</em>, genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Arc tangent. |
| Returns an angle whose tangent is <span class="eq">y / x</span>. |
| The signs of <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> are used to determine what quadrant the angle |
| is in. |
| The range of values returned by this function is <span class="eq">[-π, π</span>. |
| Results are undefined if <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> are both 0.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>atan</strong>(genFType <em>y_over_x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Arc tangent. |
| Returns an angle whose tangent is <em>y_over_x</em>. |
| The range of values returned by this function is |
| <span class="eq">[-π / 2, π / 2]</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>sinh</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the hyperbolic sine function <span class="eq">(e<sup>x</sup> - e<sup>-x</sup>) / 2</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>cosh</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the hyperbolic cosine function <span class="eq">(e<sup>x</sup> + e<sup>-x</sup>) / 2</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>tanh</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the hyperbolic tangent function <span class="eq">sinh(x) / cosh(x)</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>asinh</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Arc hyperbolic sine; returns the inverse of <strong>sinh</strong>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>acosh</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Arc hyperbolic cosine; returns the non-negative inverse of <strong>cosh</strong>. |
| Results are undefined if <span class="eq">x < 1</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>atanh</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Arc hyperbolic tangent; returns the inverse of <strong>tanh</strong>. |
| Results are undefined if <span class="eq">x ≥ 1</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="exponential-functions">8.2. Exponential Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These all operate component-wise. |
| The description is per component.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>pow</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>, genFType <em>y</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <em>x</em> raised to the <em>y</em> power, i.e., <span class="eq">x<sup>y</sup></span>. |
| Results are undefined if <span class="eq">x < 0</span>. |
| Results are undefined if <span class="eq">x = 0</span> and <span class="eq">y ≤ 0</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>exp</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the natural exponentiation of <em>x</em>, i.e., <span class="eq">e<sup>x</sup></span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>log</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the natural logarithm of <em>x</em>, i.e., returns the value <em>y</em> |
| which satisfies the equation <span class="eq">x = e<sup>y</sup></span>. |
| Results are undefined if <span class="eq">x ≤ 0</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>exp2</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns 2 raised to the <em>x</em> power, i.e., <span class="eq">2<sup>x</sup></span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>log2</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the base 2 logarithm of <em>x</em>, i.e., returns the value <em>y</em> which |
| satisfies the equation <span class="eq">x = 2<sup>y</sup></span>. |
| Results are undefined if <span class="eq">x ≤ 0</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>sqrt</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>sqrt</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <span class="eq">sqrt(x)</span>. |
| Results are undefined if <span class="eq">x < 0</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>inversesqrt</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>inversesqrt</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <span class="eq">1 / sqrt(x)</span>. |
| Results are undefined if <span class="eq">x ≤ 0</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="common-functions">8.3. Common Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These all operate component-wise. |
| The description is per component.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>abs</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genIType <strong>abs</strong>(genIType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>abs</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <em>x</em> if <span class="eq">x ≥ 0</span>; otherwise it returns -<em>x</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>sign</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genIType <strong>sign</strong>(genIType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>sign</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns 1.0 if <em>x</em> > 0, 0.0 if <em>x</em> = 0, or -1.0 if <em>x</em> < 0.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>floor</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>floor</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a value equal to the nearest integer that is less than or |
| equal to <em>x</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>trunc</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>trunc</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a value equal to the nearest integer to <em>x</em> whose absolute |
| value is not larger than the absolute value of <em>x</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>round</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>round</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a value equal to the nearest integer to <em>x</em>. |
| The fraction 0.5 will round in a direction chosen by the |
| implementation, presumably the direction that is fastest. |
| This includes the possibility that <strong>round</strong>(<em>x</em>) returns the same value |
| as <strong>roundEven</strong>(<em>x</em>) for all values of <em>x</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>roundEven</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>roundEven</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a value equal to the nearest integer to <em>x</em>. |
| A fractional part of 0.5 will round toward the nearest even integer. |
| (Both 3.5 and 4.5 for x will return 4.0.)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>ceil</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>ceil</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a value equal to the nearest integer that is greater than or |
| equal to <em>x</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>fract</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>fract</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>)<br></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <em>x</em> - <strong>floor</strong>(<em>x</em>).</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>mod</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>, float <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genFType <strong>mod</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>, genFType <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>mod</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>, double <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>mod</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>, genDType <em>y</em>)<br></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Modulus. |
| Returns <span class="eq">x - y · <strong>floor</strong>(x / y)</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>modf</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>, out genFType <em>i</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>modf</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>, out genDType <em>i</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the fractional part of <em>x</em> and sets <em>i</em> to the integer part (as |
| a whole number floating-point value). |
| Both the return value and the output parameter will have the same sign |
| as <em>x</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>min</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>, genFType <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genFType <strong>min</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>, float <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>min</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>, genDType <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>min</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>, double <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genIType <strong>min</strong>(genIType <em>x</em>, genIType <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genIType <strong>min</strong>(genIType <em>x</em>, int <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genUType <strong>min</strong>(genUType <em>x</em>, genUType <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genUType <strong>min</strong>(genUType <em>x</em>, uint <em>y</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <em>y</em> if <em>y</em> < <em>x;</em> otherwise it returns <em>x</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>max</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>, genFType <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genFType <strong>max</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>, float <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>max</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>, genDType <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>max</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>, double <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genIType <strong>max</strong>(genIType <em>x</em>, genIType <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genIType <strong>max</strong>(genIType <em>x</em>, int <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genUType <strong>max</strong>(genUType <em>x</em>, genUType <em>y</em>)<br> |
| genUType <strong>max</strong>(genUType <em>x</em>, uint <em>y</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <em>y</em> if <em>x</em> < <em>y;</em> otherwise it returns <em>x</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>clamp</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>, genFType <em>minVal</em>, genFType <em>maxVal</em>)<br> |
| genFType <strong>clamp</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>, float <em>minVal</em>, float <em>maxVal</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>clamp</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>, genDType <em>minVal</em>, genDType <em>maxVal</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>clamp</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>, double <em>minVal</em>, double <em>maxVal</em>)<br> |
| genIType <strong>clamp</strong>(genIType <em>x</em>, genIType <em>minVal</em>, genIType <em>maxVal</em>)<br> |
| genIType <strong>clamp</strong>(genIType <em>x</em>, int <em>minVal</em>, int <em>maxVal</em>)<br> |
| genUType <strong>clamp</strong>(genUType <em>x</em>, genUType <em>minVal</em>, genUType <em>maxVal</em>)<br> |
| genUType <strong>clamp</strong>(genUType <em>x</em>, uint <em>minVal</em>, uint <em>maxVal</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <strong>min</strong>(<strong>max</strong>(<em>x</em>, <em>minVal</em>), <em>maxVal</em>). |
| Results are undefined if <em>minVal</em> > <em>maxVal</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>mix</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>, genFType <em>y</em>, genFType <em>a</em>)<br> |
| genFType <strong>mix</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>, genFType <em>y</em>, float <em>a</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>mix</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>, genDType <em>y</em>, genDType <em>a</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>mix</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>, genDType <em>y</em>, double <em>a</em>)<br></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the linear blend of <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, i.e., |
| <span class="eq">x · (1 - a) + y · a</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>mix</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>, genFType <em>y</em>, genBType <em>a</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>mix</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>, genDType <em>y</em>, genBType <em>a</em>)<br> |
| genIType <strong>mix</strong>(genIType <em>x</em>, genIType <em>y</em>, genBType <em>a</em>)<br> |
| genUType <strong>mix</strong>(genUType <em>x</em>, genUType <em>y</em>, genBType <em>a</em>)<br> |
| genBType <strong>mix</strong>(genBType <em>x</em>, genBType <em>y</em>, genBType <em>a</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Selects which vector each returned component comes from. |
| For a component of <em>a</em> that is <strong>false</strong>, the corresponding component of |
| <em>x</em> is returned. |
| For a component of <em>a</em> that is <strong>true</strong>, the corresponding component of |
| <em>y</em> is returned. |
| Components of <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> that are not selected are allowed to be |
| invalid floating-point values and will have no effect on the results. |
| Thus, this provides different functionality than, for example,<br> |
| genFType <strong>mix</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>, genFType <em>y</em>, genFType(<em>a</em>))<br> |
| where <em>a</em> is a Boolean vector.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>step</strong>(genFType <em>edge</em>, genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genFType <strong>step</strong>(float <em>edge</em>, genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>step</strong>(genDType <em>edge</em>, genDType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>step</strong>(double <em>edge</em>, genDType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns 0.0 if <em>x</em> < <em>edge;</em> otherwise it returns 1.0.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>smoothstep</strong>(genFType <em>edge0</em>, genFType <em>edge1</em>, genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genFType <strong>smoothstep</strong>(float <em>edge0</em>, float <em>edge1</em>, genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>smoothstep</strong>(genDType <em>edge0</em>, genDType <em>edge1</em>, genDType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>smoothstep</strong>(double <em>edge0</em>, double <em>edge1</em>, genDType <em>x</em>)<br></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Returns 0.0 if <span class="eq">x ≤ edge0</span> and 1.0 if <span class="eq">x ≥ edge1</span>, and |
| performs smooth Hermite interpolation between 0 and 1 when <span class="eq">edge0 |
| < x < edge1</span>. |
| This is useful in cases where you would want a threshold function with |
| a smooth transition. |
| This is equivalent to:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">genFType t; |
| t = clamp ((x - edge0) / (edge1 - edge0), <span class="integer">0</span>, <span class="integer">1</span>); |
| <span class="keyword">return</span> t * t * (<span class="integer">3</span> - <span class="integer">2</span> * t);</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>(And similarly for doubles.) Results are undefined if <span class="eq">edge0 ≥ |
| edge1</span>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genBType <strong>isnan</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genBType <strong>isnan</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <strong>true</strong> if <em>x</em> holds a NaN. |
| Returns <strong>false</strong> otherwise. |
| Always returns <strong>false</strong> if NaNs are not implemented.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genBType <strong>isinf</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genBType <strong>isinf</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <strong>true</strong> if <em>x</em> holds a positive infinity or negative infinity. |
| Returns <strong>false</strong> otherwise.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genIType <strong>floatBitsToInt</strong>(highp genFType <em>value</em>)<br> |
| genUType <strong>floatBitsToUint</strong>(highp genFType <em>value</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a signed or unsigned integer value representing the encoding |
| of a floating-point value. |
| The <strong>float</strong> value’s bit-level representation is preserved.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>intBitsToFloat</strong>(highp genIType <em>value</em>)<br> |
| genFType <strong>uintBitsToFloat</strong>(highp genUType <em>value</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a floating-point value corresponding to a signed or unsigned |
| integer encoding of a floating-point value. |
| If a NaN is passed in, it will not signal, and the resulting value is |
| unspecified. |
| If an Inf is passed in, the resulting value is the corresponding Inf. |
| Otherwise, the bit-level representation is preserved.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>fma</strong>(genFType <em>a</em>, genFType <em>b</em>, genFType <em>c</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>fma</strong>(genDType <em>a</em>, genDType <em>b</em>, genDType <em>c</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Computes and returns <code>a * b + c</code>. |
| In uses where the return value is eventually consumed by a variable |
| declared as <strong>precise</strong>:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>fma</strong>() is considered a single operation, whereas the expression <code>a * b |
| + c</code> consumed by a variable declared <strong>precise</strong> is considered two |
| operations.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>The precision of <strong>fma</strong>() can differ from the precision of the expression |
| <code>a * b + c</code>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>fma</strong>() will be computed with the same precision as any other <strong>fma</strong>() |
| consumed by a precise variable, giving invariant results for the same |
| input values of <em>a</em>, <em>b</em>, and <em>c</em>.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Otherwise, in the absence of <strong>precise</strong> consumption, there are no special |
| constraints on the number of operations or difference in precision between |
| <strong>fma</strong>() and the expression <code>a * b + c</code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>frexp</strong>(highp genFType <em>x</em>, out highp genIType <em>exp</em>) |
| genDType <strong>frexp</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>, out genIType <em>exp</em>)<br></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Splits <em>x</em> into a floating-point significand in the range |
| <span class="eq">[0.5,1.0]</span>, and an integral exponent of two, such that</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> <span class="eq">x = significant · 2<sup>exponent</sup></span></p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> The significand is returned by the function and the exponent is |
| returned in the parameter <em>exp</em>. |
| For a floating-point value of zero, the significand and exponent are |
| both zero.</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> If an implementation supports signed zero, an input value of minus |
| zero should return a significand of minus zero. |
| For a floating-point value that is an infinity or is not a number, the |
| results are undefined.</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> If the input <em>x</em> is a vector, this operation is performed in a |
| component-wise manner; the value returned by the function and the |
| value written to <em>exp</em> are vectors with the same number of components |
| as <em>x</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>ldexp</strong>(highp genFType <em>x</em>, highp genIType <em>exp</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>ldexp</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>, genIType <em>exp</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Builds a floating-point number from <em>x</em> and the corresponding integral |
| exponent of two in <em>exp</em>, returning:</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> <span class="eq">significand · 2<sup>exponent</sup></span></p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> If this product is too large to be represented in the floating-point |
| type, the result is undefined.</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> If <em>exp</em> is greater than +128 (single-precision) or +1024 |
| (double-precision), the value returned is undefined. |
| If <em>exp</em> is less than -126 (single-precision) or -1022 |
| (double-precision), the value returned may be flushed to zero. |
| Additionally, splitting the value into a significand and exponent |
| using <strong>frexp</strong>() and then reconstructing a floating-point value using |
| <strong>ldexp</strong>() should yield the original input for zero and all finite |
| non-denormalized values.<br> |
| If the input <em>x</em> is a vector, this operation is performed in a |
| component-wise manner; the value passed in <em>exp</em> and returned by the |
| function are vectors with the same number of components as <em>x</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="floating-point-pack-and-unpack-functions">8.4. Floating-Point Pack and Unpack Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These functions do not operate component-wise, rather, as described in each |
| case.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">highp uint <strong>packUnorm2x16</strong>(vec2 <em>v</em>)<br> |
| highp uint <strong>packSnorm2x16</strong>(vec2 <em>v</em>)<br> |
| uint <strong>packUnorm4x8</strong>(vec4 <em>v</em>)<br> |
| uint <strong>packSnorm4x8</strong>(vec4 <em>v</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">First, converts each component of the normalized floating-point value |
| <em>v</em> into 16-bit (<strong>2x16</strong>) or 8-bit (<strong>4x8</strong>) integer values. |
| Then, the results are packed into the returned 32-bit unsigned |
| integer.</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> The conversion for component <em>c</em> of <em>v</em> to fixed point is done as |
| follows:</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> <strong>packUnorm2x16</strong>: <strong>round</strong>(<strong>clamp</strong>(<em>c</em>, 0, +1) * 65535.0)<br> |
| <strong>packSnorm2x16:</strong> <strong>round</strong>(<strong>clamp</strong>(<em>c</em>, -1, +1) * 32767.0)<br> |
| <strong>packUnorm4x8</strong>: <strong>round</strong>(<strong>clamp</strong>(<em>c</em>, 0, +1) * 255.0)<br> |
| <strong>packSnorm4x8</strong>: <strong>round</strong>(<strong>clamp</strong>(<em>c</em>, -1, +1) * 127.0)</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> The first component of the vector will be written to the least |
| significant bits of the output; the last component will be written to |
| the most significant bits.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> vec2 <strong>unpackUnorm2x16</strong>(highp uint <em>p</em>)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>unpackSnorm2x16</strong>(highp uint <em>p</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>unpackUnorm4x8</strong>(highp uint <em>p</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>unpackSnorm4x8</strong>(highp uint <em>p</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">First, unpacks a single 32-bit unsigned integer <em>p</em> into a pair of |
| 16-bit unsigned integers, a pair of 16-bit signed integers, four 8-bit |
| unsigned integers, or four 8-bit signed integers, respectively. |
| Then, each component is converted to a normalized floating-point value |
| to generate the returned two- or four-component vector.</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> The conversion for unpacked fixed-point value <em>f</em> to floating-point is |
| done as follows:</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> <strong>unpackUnorm2x16</strong>: <em>f</em> / 65535.0<br> |
| <strong>unpackSnorm2x16</strong>: <strong>clamp</strong>(<em>f</em> / 32767.0, -1, +1)<br> |
| <strong>unpackUnorm4x8</strong>: <em>f</em> / 255.0<br> |
| <strong>unpackSnorm4x8</strong>: <strong>clamp</strong>(<em>f</em> / 127.0, -1, +1)</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> The first component of the returned vector will be extracted from the |
| least significant bits of the input; the last component will be |
| extracted from the most significant bits.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> uint <strong>packHalf2x16</strong>(vec2 <em>v</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns an unsigned integer obtained by converting the components of a |
| two-component floating-point vector to the 16-bit floating-point |
| representation of the <a href="#references">API</a>, and |
| then packing these two 16-bit integers into a 32-bit unsigned integer.</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> The first vector component specifies the 16 least-significant bits of |
| the result; the second component specifies the 16 most-significant |
| bits.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> vec2 <strong>unpackHalf2x16</strong>( uint <em>v</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a two-component floating-point vector with components obtained |
| by unpacking a 32-bit unsigned integer into a pair of 16-bit values, |
| interpreting those values as 16-bit floating-point numbers according |
| to the <a href="#references">API</a>, and converting them to |
| 32-bit floating-point values.</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> The first component of the vector is obtained from the 16 |
| least-significant bits of <em>v</em>; the second component is obtained from |
| the 16 most-significant bits of <em>v</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">double <strong>packDouble2x32</strong>(uvec2 <em>v</em>)<br></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a double-precision value obtained by packing the components of |
| <em>v</em> into a 64-bit value. |
| If an IEEE 754 Inf or NaN is created, it will not signal, and the |
| resulting floating-point value is unspecified. |
| Otherwise, the bit-level representation of <em>v</em> is preserved. |
| The first vector component specifies the 32 least significant bits; |
| the second component specifies the 32 most significant bits.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uvec2 <strong>unpackDouble2x32</strong>(double <em>v</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a two-component unsigned integer vector representation of <em>v</em>. |
| The bit-level representation of <em>v</em> is preserved. |
| The first component of the vector contains the 32 least significant |
| bits of the double; the second component consists of the 32 most |
| significant bits.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="geometric-functions">8.5. Geometric Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These operate on vectors as vectors, not component-wise.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">float <strong>length</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| double <strong>length</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Returns the length of vector <em>x</em>, i.e., |
| <span class="eq">sqrt( x<sub>0</sub><sup>2</sup> + x<sub>1</sub><sup>2</sup> + …​ )</span>.</p> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">float <strong>distance</strong>(genFType <em>p0</em>, genFType <em>p1</em>)<br> |
| double <strong>distance</strong>(genDType <em>p0</em>, genDType <em>p1</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the distance between <em>p0</em> and <em>p1</em>, i.e., |
| <strong>length</strong>(<em>p0</em> - <em>p1</em>)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">float <strong>dot</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>, genFType <em>y</em>)<br> |
| double <strong>dot</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>, genDType <em>y</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the dot product of <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, i.e., |
| <span class="eq">x<sub>0</sub> · y<sub>0</sub> + x<sub>1</sub> · y<sub>1</sub> + …​</span></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">vec3 <strong>cross</strong>(vec3 <em>x</em>, vec3 <em>y</em>)<br> |
| dvec3 <strong>cross</strong>(dvec3 <em>x</em>, dvec3 <em>y</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Returns the cross product of <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, i.e., |
| <span class="eq">(x<sub>1</sub> · y<sub>2</sub> - y<sub>1</sub> · x<sub>2</sub>, |
| x<sub>2</sub> · y<sub>0</sub> - y<sub>2</sub> · x<sub>0</sub>, |
| x<sub>0</sub> · y<sub>1</sub> - y<sub>0</sub> · x<sub>1</sub>)</span>.</p> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>normalize</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>normalize</strong>(genDType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a vector in the same direction as <em>x</em> but with a length of 1, |
| i.e. <em>x</em> / <strong>length</strong>(x).</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">compatibility profile only<br> |
| vec4 <strong>ftransform</strong>()</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Available only when using the compatibility profile. |
| For core OpenGL, use <strong>invariant</strong>.<br> |
| For vertex shaders only. |
| This function will ensure that the incoming vertex value will be |
| transformed in a way that produces exactly the same result as would be |
| produced by OpenGL’s fixed functionality transform. |
| It is intended to be used to compute <em>gl_Position</em>, e.g.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>gl_Position</em> = <strong>ftransform</strong>()</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This function should be used, for example, when an application is rendering |
| the same geometry in separate passes, and one pass uses the fixed |
| functionality path to render and another pass uses programmable shaders.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>faceforward</strong>(genFType <em>N</em>, genFType <em>I</em>, genFType <em>Nref</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>faceforward</strong>(genDType <em>N</em>, genDType <em>I</em>, genDType <em>Nref</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">If <strong>dot</strong>(<em>Nref</em>, <em>I</em>) < 0 return <em>N</em>, otherwise return -<em>N</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>reflect</strong>(genFType <em>I</em>, genFType <em>N</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>reflect</strong>(genDType <em>I</em>, genDType <em>N</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">For the incident vector <em>I</em> and surface orientation <em>N</em>, returns the |
| reflection direction: <span class="eq">I - 2 · <strong>dot</strong>(N, I) · N</span>. |
| <em>N</em> must already be normalized in order to achieve the desired result.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>refract</strong>(genFType <em>I</em>, genFType <em>N</em>, float <em>eta</em>)<br> |
| genDType <strong>refract</strong>(genDType <em>I</em>, genDType <em>N</em>, double <em>eta</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For the incident vector <em>I</em> and surface normal <em>N</em>, and the ratio of |
| indices of refraction <em>eta</em>, return the refraction vector. |
| The result is computed by the <a href="#refraction-equation">refraction |
| equation</a> shown below.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>The input parameters for the incident vector _I_ and the surface |
| normal _N_ must already be normalized to get the desired results.</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="refraction-equation">8.5.1. Refraction Equation</h4> |
| <div class="stemblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| \[k = 1.0 - eta * eta * (1.0 - \textbf{dot}(N,I) \cdot \textbf{dot}(N,I))\] |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="stemblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| \[\begin{aligned} |
| result &= |
| \begin{cases} |
| genFType(0.0), & k < 0.0 \\ |
| eta * I - (eta * \textbf{dot}(N,I) + \sqrt { k }) * N, & \textbf{otherwise} |
| \end{cases} |
| \end{aligned}\] |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="matrix-functions">8.6. Matrix Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For each of the following built-in matrix functions, there is both a |
| single-precision floating-point version, where all arguments and return |
| values are single precision, and a double-precision floating-point version, |
| where all arguments and return values are double precision. |
| Only the single-precision floating-point version is shown.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">mat <strong>matrixCompMult</strong>(mat <em>x</em>, mat <em>y</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Multiply matrix <em>x</em> by matrix <em>y</em> component-wise, i.e., result[i][j] |
| is the scalar product of <em>x</em>[i][j] and <em>y</em>[i][j].<br></p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> Note: to get linear algebraic matrix multiplication, use the multiply |
| operator (<strong>*</strong>).</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">mat2 <strong>outerProduct</strong>(vec2 <em>c</em>, vec2 <em>r</em>)<br> |
| mat3 <strong>outerProduct</strong>(vec3 <em>c</em>, vec3 <em>r</em>)<br> |
| mat4 <strong>outerProduct</strong>(vec4 <em>c</em>, vec4 <em>r</em>)<br> |
| mat2x3 <strong>outerProduct</strong>(vec3 <em>c</em>, vec2 <em>r</em>)<br> |
| mat3x2 <strong>outerProduct</strong>(vec2 <em>c</em>, vec3 <em>r</em>)<br> |
| mat2x4 <strong>outerProduct</strong>(vec4 <em>c</em>, vec2 <em>r</em>)<br> |
| mat4x2 <strong>outerProduct</strong>(vec2 <em>c</em>, vec4 <em>r</em>)<br> |
| mat3x4 <strong>outerProduct</strong>(vec4 <em>c</em>, vec3 <em>r</em>)<br> |
| mat4x3 <strong>outerProduct</strong>(vec3 <em>c</em>, vec4 <em>r</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Treats the first parameter <em>c</em> as a column vector (matrix with one |
| column) and the second parameter <em>r</em> as a row vector (matrix with one |
| row) and does a linear algebraic matrix multiply <em>c</em> * <em>r</em>, yielding a |
| matrix whose number of rows is the number of components in <em>c</em> and |
| whose number of columns is the number of components in <em>r</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">mat2 <strong>transpose</strong>(mat2 <em>m</em>)<br> |
| mat3 <strong>transpose</strong>(mat3 <em>m</em>)<br> |
| mat4 <strong>transpose</strong>(mat4 <em>m</em>)<br> |
| mat2x3 <strong>transpose</strong>(mat3x2 <em>m</em>)<br> |
| mat3x2 <strong>transpose</strong>(mat2x3 <em>m</em>)<br> |
| mat2x4 <strong>transpose</strong>(mat4x2 <em>m</em>)<br> |
| mat4x2 <strong>transpose</strong>(mat2x4 <em>m</em>)<br> |
| mat3x4 <strong>transpose</strong>(mat4x3 <em>m</em>)<br> |
| mat4x3 <strong>transpose</strong>(mat3x4 <em>m</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a matrix that is the transpose of <em>m</em>. |
| The input matrix <em>m</em> is not modified.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">float <strong>determinant</strong>(mat2 <em>m</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>determinant</strong>(mat3 <em>m</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>determinant</strong>(mat4 <em>m</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the determinant of <em>m</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">mat2 <strong>inverse</strong>(mat2 <em>m</em>)<br> |
| mat3 <strong>inverse</strong>(mat3 <em>m</em>)<br> |
| mat4 <strong>inverse</strong>(mat4 <em>m</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a matrix that is the inverse of <em>m</em>. |
| The input matrix <em>m</em> is not modified. |
| The values in the returned matrix are undefined if <em>m</em> is singular or |
| poorly-conditioned (nearly singular).</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="vector-relational-functions">8.7. Vector Relational Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Relational and equality operators (<strong><</strong>, <strong><=</strong>, <strong>></strong>, <strong>>=</strong>, <strong>==</strong>, <strong>!=</strong>) are |
| defined to operate on scalars and produce scalar Boolean results. |
| For vector results, use the following built-in functions. |
| Below, the following placeholders are used for the listed specific types:</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Placeholder</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Specific Types Allowed</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bvec</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bvec2, bvec3, bvec4</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">ivec</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">ivec2, ivec3, ivec4</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uvec</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uvec2, uvec3, uvec4</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">vec</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">vec2, vec3, vec4, dvec2, dvec3, dvec4</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In all cases, the sizes of all the input and return vectors for any |
| particular call must match.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bvec <strong>lessThan</strong>(vec x, vec y)<br> |
| bvec <strong>lessThan</strong>(ivec x, ivec y)<br> |
| bvec <strong>lessThan</strong>(uvec x, uvec y)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the component-wise compare of <span class="eq">x < y</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bvec <strong>lessThanEqual</strong>(vec x, vec y)<br> |
| bvec <strong>lessThanEqual</strong>(ivec x, ivec y)<br> |
| bvec <strong>lessThanEqual</strong>(uvec x, uvec y)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the component-wise compare of <span class="eq">x ≤ y</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bvec <strong>greaterThan</strong>(vec x, vec y)<br> |
| bvec <strong>greaterThan</strong>(ivec x, ivec y)<br> |
| bvec <strong>greaterThan</strong>(uvec x, uvec y)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the component-wise compare of <span class="eq">x > y</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bvec <strong>greaterThanEqual</strong>(vec x, vec y)<br> |
| bvec <strong>greaterThanEqual</strong>(ivec x, ivec y)<br> |
| bvec <strong>greaterThanEqual</strong>(uvec x, uvec y)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the component-wise compare of <span class="eq">x ≥ y</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bvec <strong>equal</strong>(vec x, vec y)<br> |
| bvec <strong>equal</strong>(ivec x, ivec y)<br> |
| bvec <strong>equal</strong>(uvec x, uvec y)<br> |
| bvec <strong>equal</strong>(bvec x, bvec y)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the component-wise compare of <span class="eq">x == y</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bvec <strong>notEqual</strong>(vec x, vec y)<br> |
| bvec <strong>notEqual</strong>(ivec x, ivec y)<br> |
| bvec <strong>notEqual</strong>(uvec x, uvec y)<br> |
| bvec <strong>notEqual</strong>(bvec x, bvec y)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the component-wise compare of <span class="eq">x ≠y</span>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bool <strong>any</strong>(bvec x)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <strong>true</strong> if any component of <em>x</em> is <strong>true</strong>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bool <strong>all</strong>(bvec x)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <strong>true</strong> only if all components of <em>x</em> are <strong>true</strong>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bvec <strong>not</strong>(bvec x)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the component-wise logical complement of <em>x</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="integer-functions">8.8. Integer Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These all operate component-wise. |
| The description is per component. |
| The notation [<em>a</em>, <em>b</em>] means the set of bits from bit-number <em>a</em> through |
| bit-number <em>b</em>, inclusive. |
| The lowest-order bit is bit 0. |
| “Bit number” will always refer to counting up from the lowest-order bit as |
| bit 0.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genUType <strong>uaddCarry</strong>(highp genUType <em>x</em>, highp genUType <em>y</em>, out lowp genUType <em>carry</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Adds 32-bit unsigned integers <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, returning the sum modulo |
| 2<sup>32</sup>. |
| The value <em>carry</em> is set to zero if the sum was less than 2<sup>32</sup>, or |
| one otherwise.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genUType <strong>usubBorrow</strong>(highp genUType <em>x</em>, highp genUType <em>y</em>, out lowp genUType <em>borrow</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Subtracts the 32-bit unsigned integer <em>y</em> from <em>x</em>, returning the |
| difference if non-negative, or 2<sup>32</sup> plus the difference otherwise. |
| The value <em>borrow</em> is set to zero if <span class="eq">x ≥ y</span>, or one |
| otherwise.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">void <strong>umulExtended</strong>(highp genUType <em>x</em>, highp genUType <em>y</em>, out highp genUType <em>msb</em>, out highp genUType <em>lsb</em>)<br> |
| void <strong>imulExtended</strong>(highp genIType <em>x</em>, highp genIType <em>y</em>, out highp genIType <em>msb</em>, out highp genIType <em>lsb</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Multiplies 32-bit unsigned or signed integers <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, producing a |
| 64-bit result. |
| The 32 least-significant bits are returned in <em>lsb</em>. |
| The 32 most-significant bits are returned in <em>msb</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genIType <strong>bitfieldExtract</strong>(genIType <em>value</em>, int <em>offset</em>, int <em>bits</em>)<br> |
| genUType <strong>bitfieldExtract</strong>(genUType <em>value</em>, int <em>offset</em>, int <em>bits</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Extracts bits <span class="eq">[offset, offset + bits - 1]</span> from <em>value</em>, |
| returning them in the least significant bits of the result.<br></p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> For unsigned data types, the most significant bits of the result will |
| be set to zero. |
| For signed data types, the most significant bits will be set to the |
| value of bit <span class="eq">offset + bits - 1</span>.<br></p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> If <em>bits</em> is zero, the result will be zero. |
| The result will be undefined if <em>offset</em> or <em>bits</em> is negative, or if |
| the sum of <em>offset</em> and <em>bits</em> is greater than the number of bits used |
| to store the operand. |
| Note that for vector versions of <strong>bitfieldExtract</strong>(), a single pair of |
| <em>offset</em> and <em>bits</em> values is shared for all components.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genIType <strong>bitfieldInsert</strong>(genIType <em>base</em>, genIType <em>insert</em>, int <em>offset</em>, int <em>bits</em>)<br> |
| genUType <strong>bitfieldInsert</strong>(genUType <em>base</em>, genUType <em>insert</em>, int <em>offset</em>, int <em>bits</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Inserts the <em>bits</em> least significant bits of <em>insert</em> into <em>base</em>.</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> The result will have bits <span class="eq">[offset, offset + bits - 1]</span> taken from |
| bits <span class="eq">[0, bits - 1]</span> of <em>insert</em>, and all other bits taken |
| directly from the corresponding bits of <em>base</em>. |
| If <em>bits</em> is zero, the result will simply be <em>base</em>. |
| The result will be undefined if <em>offset</em> or <em>bits</em> is negative, or if |
| the sum of <em>offset</em> and <em>bits</em> is greater than the number of bits used |
| to store the operand.<br> |
| Note that for vector versions of <strong>bitfieldInsert</strong>(), a single pair of |
| <em>offset</em> and <em>bits</em> values is shared for all components.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genIType <strong>bitfieldReverse</strong>(highp genIType <em>value</em>)<br> |
| genUType <strong>bitfieldReverse</strong>(highp genUType <em>value</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Reverses the bits of <em>value</em>. |
| The bit numbered <em>n</em> of the result will be taken from bit <span class="eq">(bits - |
| 1) - n</span> of <em>value</em>, where <em>bits</em> is the total number of bits used to |
| represent <em>value</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> genIType <strong>bitCount</strong>(genIType <em>value</em>)<br> |
| genIType <strong>bitCount</strong>(genUType <em>value</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the number of one bits in the binary representation of |
| <em>value</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> genIType <strong>findLSB</strong>(genIType <em>value</em>)<br> |
| genIType <strong>findLSB</strong>(genUType <em>value</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the bit number of the least significant one bit in the binary |
| representation of <em>value</em>. |
| If <em>value</em> is zero, -1 will be returned.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> genIType <strong>findMSB</strong>(highp genIType <em>value</em>)<br> |
| genIType <strong>findMSB</strong>(highp genUType <em>value</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the bit number of the most significant bit in the binary |
| representation of <em>value</em>.</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> For positive integers, the result will be the bit number of the most |
| significant one bit. |
| For negative integers, the result will be the bit number of the most |
| significant zero bit. |
| For a <em>value</em> of zero or negative one, -1 will be returned.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="texture-functions">8.9. Texture Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Texture lookup functions are available in all shading stages. |
| However, level-of-detail is implicitly computed only for fragment shaders. |
| Other shaders operate as though the base level-of-detail were computed as |
| zero. |
| The functions in the table below provide access to textures through |
| texture-combined samplers, as set up through the API. |
| Texture properties such as size, pixel format, number of dimensions, |
| filtering method, number of mipmap levels, depth comparison, and so on are |
| also defined by API calls. |
| Such properties are taken into account as the texture is accessed via the |
| built-in functions defined below.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Texture data can be stored by the GL as single-precision floating-point, |
| unsigned normalized integer, unsigned integer or signed integer data. |
| This is determined by the type of the internal format of the texture.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Texture lookup functions are provided that can return their result as |
| floating-point, unsigned integer or signed integer, depending on the sampler |
| type passed to the lookup function. |
| Care must be taken to use the right sampler type for texture access. |
| The following table lists the supported combinations of sampler types and |
| texture internal formats. |
| Blank entries are unsupported. |
| Doing a texture lookup will return undefined values for unsupported |
| combinations.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For depth/stencil textures, the internal texture format is determined by the |
| component being accessed as set through the API. |
| When the depth/stencil texture mode is set to DEPTH_COMPONENT, the internal |
| format of the depth component should be used. |
| When the depth/stencil texture mode is set to STENCIL_INDEX, the internal format |
| of the stencil component should be used.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Internal Texture Format</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Floating-Point Sampler Types</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Signed Integer Sampler Types</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Unsigned Integer Sampler Types</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Floating-point</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Supported</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Normalized Integer</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Supported</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Signed Integer</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Supported</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Unsigned Integer</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Supported</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If an integer sampler type is used, the result of a texture lookup is an |
| <strong>ivec4</strong>. |
| If an unsigned integer sampler type is used, the result of a texture lookup |
| is a <strong>uvec4</strong>. |
| If a floating-point sampler type is used, the result of a texture lookup is |
| a <strong>vec4</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In the prototypes below, the <code>g</code> in the return type <code>gvec4</code> is used |
| as a placeholder for either nothing, <code>i</code>, or <code>u</code> making a return type of |
| <strong>vec4</strong>, <strong>ivec4</strong>, or <strong>uvec4</strong>. |
| In these cases, the sampler argument type also starts with <code>g</code>, |
| indicating the same substitution done on the return type; it is either a |
| single-precision |
| floating-point, signed integer, or unsigned integer sampler, matching the |
| basic type of the return type, as described above.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For shadow forms (the sampler parameter is a shadow-type), a depth |
| comparison lookup on the depth texture bound to <em>sampler</em> is done as |
| described in section |
| 8.23 |
| “Texture Comparison Modes” of the |
| <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>. |
| See the table below for which component specifies <em>D<sub>ref</sub></em>. |
| The texture bound to <em>sampler</em> must be a depth texture, or results are |
| undefined. |
| If a non-shadow texture call is made to a sampler that represents a depth |
| texture with depth comparisons turned on, then results are undefined. |
| If a shadow texture call is made to a sampler that represents a depth |
| texture with depth comparisons turned off, then results are undefined. |
| If a shadow texture call is made to a sampler that does not represent a |
| depth texture, then results are undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In all functions below, the <em>bias</em> parameter is optional for fragment |
| shaders. |
| The <em>bias</em> parameter is not accepted in any other shader stage. |
| For a fragment shader, if <em>bias</em> is present, it is added to the implicit |
| level-of-detail prior to performing the texture access operation. |
| No <em>bias</em> or <em>lod</em> parameters for |
| rectangle textures, |
| multisample textures, or texture buffers |
| are supported because mipmaps are not allowed for these types of textures.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The implicit level-of-detail is selected as follows: For a texture that is |
| not mipmapped, the texture is used directly. |
| If it is mipmapped and running in a fragment shader, the level-of-detail |
| computed by the implementation is used to do the texture lookup. |
| If it is mipmapped and running in a non-fragment shader, then the base |
| texture is used.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Some texture functions (non-“<strong>Lod</strong>” and non-“<strong>Grad</strong>” versions) may |
| require implicit derivatives. |
| Implicit derivatives are undefined within non-uniform control flow and for |
| non-fragment shader texture fetches.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For <strong>Cube</strong> forms, the direction of <em>P</em> is used to select which face to do a |
| 2-dimensional texture lookup in, as described in section 8.13 “Cube Map |
| Texture Selection” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For <strong>Array</strong> forms, the array layer used will be</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>\(\max(0,\min(d-1,\left\lfloor layer + 0.5\right\rfloor))\)</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>where <em>d</em> is the depth of the texture array and <em>layer</em> comes from the |
| component indicated in the tables below.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="texture-query-functions">8.9.1. Texture Query Functions</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>textureSize</strong> functions query the dimensions of a specific texture level |
| for a texture-combined sampler.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <strong>textureQueryLod</strong> functions are available only in a fragment shader. |
| They take the components of <em>P</em> and compute the level-of-detail information |
| that the texture pipe would use to access that texture through a normal |
| texture lookup. |
| The level-of-detail \(\lambda^{'}\) (equation 3.18 of the |
| <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>) is obtained after any level-of-detail bias, but |
| prior to clamping to [TEXTURE_MIN_LOD, TEXTURE_MAX_LOD]. |
| The mipmap array(s) that would be accessed are also computed. |
| If a single level-of-detail would be accessed, the level-of-detail number |
| relative to the base level is returned. |
| If multiple levels-of-detail would be accessed, a floating-point number |
| between the two levels is returned, with the fractional part equal to the |
| fractional part of the computed and clamped level-of-detail.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The algorithm used is given by the following pseudo-code:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++"><span class="predefined-type">float</span> ComputeAccessedLod(<span class="predefined-type">float</span> computedLod) |
| { |
| <span class="comment">// Clamp the computed LOD according to the texture LOD clamps.</span> |
| <span class="keyword">if</span> (computedLod < TEXTURE_MIN_LOD) computedLod = TEXTURE_MIN_LOD; |
| <span class="keyword">if</span> (computedLod > TEXTURE_MAX_LOD) computedLod = TEXTURE_MAX_LOD; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// Clamp the computed LOD to the range of accessible levels.</span> |
| <span class="keyword">if</span> (computedLod < <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>) |
| computedLod = <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>; |
| <span class="keyword">if</span> (computedLod > (<span class="predefined-type">float</span>) maxAccessibleLevel) |
| computedLod = (<span class="predefined-type">float</span>) maxAccessibleLevel; |
| |
| <span class="comment">// Return a value according to the min filter.</span> |
| <span class="keyword">if</span> (TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER is LINEAR <span class="keyword">or</span> NEAREST) { |
| <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.0</span>; |
| } <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> (TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER is NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST |
| <span class="keyword">or</span> LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST) { |
| <span class="keyword">return</span> ceil(computedLod + <span class="float">0</span><span class="float">.5</span>) - <span class="float">1</span><span class="float">.0</span>; |
| } <span class="keyword">else</span> { |
| <span class="keyword">return</span> computedLod; |
| } |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The value <em>maxAccessibleLevel</em> is the level number of the smallest |
| accessible level of the mipmap array (the value <em>q</em> in section 8.14.3 |
| “Mipmapping” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>) minus the base level.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> int <strong>textureSize</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| ivec2 <strong>textureSize</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| ivec3 <strong>textureSize</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| ivec2 <strong>textureSize</strong>(gsamplerCube <em>sampler</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>textureSize</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| ivec2 <strong>textureSize</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| ivec2 <strong>textureSize</strong>(samplerCubeShadow <em>sampler</em>, int <em>lod</em>) |
| ivec3 <strong>textureSize</strong>(gsamplerCubeArray <em>sampler</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| ivec3 <strong>textureSize</strong>(samplerCubeArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| ivec2 <strong>textureSize</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| ivec2 <strong>textureSize</strong>(sampler2DRectShadow <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| ivec2 <strong>textureSize</strong>(gsampler1DArray <em>sampler</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| ivec2 <strong>textureSize</strong>(sampler1DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| ivec3 <strong>textureSize</strong>(gsampler2DArray <em>sampler</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| ivec3 <strong>textureSize</strong>(sampler2DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>textureSize</strong>(gsamplerBuffer <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| ivec2 <strong>textureSize</strong>(gsampler2DMS <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| ivec3 <strong>textureSize</strong>(gsampler2DMSArray <em>sampler</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the dimensions of level <em>lod</em> (if present) for the texture |
| bound to <em>sampler</em>, as described in section |
| 8.11 “Texture Queries” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>.<br> |
| The components in the return value are filled in, in order, with the |
| width, height, and depth of the texture.</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> For the array forms, the last component of the return value is the |
| number of layers in the texture array, or the number of cubes in the |
| texture cube map array.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">vec2 <strong>textureQueryLod</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, float <em>P</em>)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>textureQueryLod</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>textureQueryLod</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>textureQueryLod</strong>(gsamplerCube <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>textureQueryLod</strong>(gsampler1DArray <em>sampler</em>, float <em>P</em>)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>textureQueryLod</strong>(gsampler2DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>textureQueryLod</strong>(gsamplerCubeArray <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>textureQueryLod</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, float <em>P</em>)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>textureQueryLod</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>textureQueryLod</strong>(samplerCubeShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>textureQueryLod</strong>(sampler1DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, float <em>P</em>)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>textureQueryLod</strong>(sampler2DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>textureQueryLod</strong>(samplerCubeArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the mipmap array(s) that would be accessed in the <em>x</em> |
| component of the return value.</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> Returns the computed level-of-detail relative to the base level in the |
| <em>y</em> component of the return value.</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> If called on an incomplete texture, the results are undefined.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">int <strong>textureQueryLevels</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>textureQueryLevels</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>textureQueryLevels</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>textureQueryLevels</strong>(gsamplerCube <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>textureQueryLevels</strong>(gsampler1DArray <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>textureQueryLevels</strong>(gsampler2DArray <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>textureQueryLevels</strong>(gsamplerCubeArray <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>textureQueryLevels</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>textureQueryLevels</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>textureQueryLevels</strong>(samplerCubeShadow <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>textureQueryLevels</strong>(sampler1DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>textureQueryLevels</strong>(sampler2DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>textureQueryLevels</strong>(samplerCubeArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the number of mipmap levels accessible in the texture |
| associated with <em>sampler</em>, as defined in the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification.</a></p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> The value zero will be returned if no texture or an incomplete texture |
| is associated with <em>sampler</em>.</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> Available in all shader stages.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">int <strong>textureSamples</strong>(gsampler2DMS <em>sampler</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>textureSamples</strong>(gsampler2DMSArray <em>sampler</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the number of samples of the texture or textures bound to |
| <em>sampler</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="texel-lookup-functions">8.9.2. Texel Lookup Functions</h4> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>texture</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, float <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texture</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texture</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texture</strong>(gsamplerCube <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>[, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| float <strong>texture</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>])<br> |
| float <strong>texture</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>])<br> |
| float <strong>texture</strong>(samplerCubeShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texture</strong>(gsampler2DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texture</strong>(gsamplerCubeArray <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texture</strong>(gsampler1DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| float <strong>texture</strong>(sampler1DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| float <strong>texture</strong>(sampler2DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texture</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>texture</strong>(sampler2DRectShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>texture</strong>(samplerCubeArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>compare</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Use the texture coordinate <em>P</em> to do a texture lookup in the texture |
| currently bound to <em>sampler</em>.</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> For shadow forms: When <em>compare</em> is present, it is used as <em>D<sub>ref</sub></em> |
| and the array layer comes from the last component of <em>P</em>. |
| When <em>compare</em> is not present, the last component of <em>P</em> is used as |
| <em>D<sub>ref</sub></em> and the array layer comes from the second to last component |
| of <em>P</em>. |
| (The second component of <em>P</em> is unused for <strong>1D</strong> shadow lookups.)</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> For non-shadow forms: the array layer comes from the last component of |
| <em>P</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>textureProj</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProj</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProj</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProj</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProj</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| float <strong>textureProj</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| float <strong>textureProj</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProj</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProj</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureProj</strong>(sampler2DRectShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>)<br></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Do a texture lookup with projection. |
| The texture coordinates consumed from <em>P</em>, not including the last |
| component of <em>P</em>, are divided by the last component of <em>P</em> to |
| form projected coordinates <em>P'</em>. |
| The resulting third component of <em>P</em> in the shadow forms is used as |
| <em>D<sub>ref</sub></em>. |
| The third component of <em>P</em> is ignored when <em>sampler</em> has type |
| <strong>gsampler2D</strong> and <em>P</em> has type <strong>vec4</strong>. |
| After these values are computed, texture lookup proceeds as in |
| <strong>texture</strong>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>textureLod</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, float <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureLod</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureLod</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureLod</strong>(gsamplerCube <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureLod</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureLod</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureLod</strong>(gsampler1DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureLod</strong>(sampler1DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureLod</strong>(gsampler2DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureLod</strong>(gsamplerCubeArray <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Do a texture lookup as in <strong>texture</strong> but with explicit level-of-detail; |
| <em>lod</em> specifies <span class="eq">λ<sub>base</sub>]</span> and sets the partial derivatives |
| as follows:<br> |
| (See section 8.14 “Texture Minification” and equations 8.4-8.6 of |
| the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>.)<br> |
| <br> |
| <span class="eq">∂u / ∂x = |
| ∂v / ∂x = |
| ∂w / ∂x = 0</span> |
| <br> |
| <span class="eq">∂u / ∂y = |
| ∂v / ∂y = |
| ∂w / ∂y = 0</span></p> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>textureOffset</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, float <em>P</em>, int <em>offset</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureOffset</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureOffset</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, ivec3 <em>offset</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| float <strong>textureOffset</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureOffset</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureOffset</strong>(sampler2DRectShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureOffset</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, int <em>offset</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureOffset</strong>(gsampler1DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, int <em>offset</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureOffset</strong>(gsampler2DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| float <strong>textureOffset</strong>(sampler1DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, int <em>offset</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| float <strong>textureOffset</strong>(sampler2DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Do a texture lookup as in <strong>texture</strong> but with <em>offset</em> added to the |
| <span class="eq">(u,v,w)</span> texel coordinates before looking up each texel. |
| The offset value must be a constant expression. |
| A limited range of offset values are supported; the minimum and |
| maximum offset values are implementation-dependent and given by |
| <em>gl_MinProgramTexelOffset</em> and <em>gl_MaxProgramTexelOffset</em>, |
| respectively.</p> |
| <p class="tableblock"> Note that <em>offset</em> does not apply to the layer coordinate for texture |
| arrays. |
| This is explained in detail in section 8.14.2 “Coordinate Wrapping |
| and Texel Selection” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>, where <em>offset</em> |
| is <span class="eq">(δ<sub>u</sub>, δ<sub>v</sub>, δ<sub>w</sub>)</span>.<br> |
| Note that texel offsets are also not supported for cube maps.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>texelFetch</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, int <em>P</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texelFetch</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, ivec2 <em>P</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texelFetch</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, ivec3 <em>P</em>, int <em>lod</em>) |
| gvec4 <strong>texelFetch</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, ivec2 <em>P</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texelFetch</strong>(gsampler1DArray <em>sampler</em>, ivec2 <em>P</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texelFetch</strong>(gsampler2DArray <em>sampler</em>, ivec3 <em>P</em>, int <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texelFetch</strong>(gsamplerBuffer <em>sampler</em>, int <em>P</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texelFetch</strong>(gsampler2DMS <em>sampler</em>, ivec2 <em>P</em>, int <em>sample</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texelFetch</strong>(gsampler2DMSArray <em>sampler</em>, ivec3 <em>P</em>, int <em>sample</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Use integer texture coordinate <em>P</em> to lookup a single texel from |
| <em>sampler</em>. |
| The array layer comes from the last component of <em>P</em> for the array |
| forms. |
| The level-of-detail <em>lod</em> (if present) is as described in sections |
| 11.1.3.2 “Texel Fetches” and 8.14.1 “Scale Factor and Level of |
| Detail” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>texelFetchOffset</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, int <em>P</em>, int <em>lod</em>, int <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texelFetchOffset</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, ivec2 <em>P</em>, int <em>lod</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texelFetchOffset</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, ivec3 <em>P</em>, int <em>lod</em>, ivec3 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texelFetchOffset</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, ivec2 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texelFetchOffset</strong>(gsampler1DArray <em>sampler</em>, ivec2 <em>P</em>, int <em>lod</em>, int <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>texelFetchOffset</strong>(gsampler2DArray <em>sampler</em>, ivec3 <em>P</em>, int <em>lod</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Fetch a single texel as in <strong>texelFetch</strong>, offset by <em>offset</em> as |
| described in <strong>textureOffset</strong>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>textureProjOffset</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, int <em>offset</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjOffset</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, int <em>offset</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjOffset</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjOffset</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjOffset</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, ivec3 <em>offset</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjOffset</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjOffset</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureProjOffset</strong>(sampler2DRectShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureProjOffset</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, int <em>offset</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| float <strong>textureProjOffset</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Do a projective texture lookup as described in <strong>textureProj</strong>, offset |
| by <em>offset</em> as described in <strong>textureOffset</strong>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>textureLodOffset</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, float <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>, int <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureLodOffset</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureLodOffset</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>, ivec3 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureLodOffset</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>, int <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureLodOffset</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureLodOffset</strong>(gsampler1DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>, int <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureLodOffset</strong>(gsampler2DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureLodOffset</strong>(sampler1DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>, int <em>offset</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Do an offset texture lookup with explicit level-of-detail. |
| See <strong>textureLod</strong> and <strong>textureOffset</strong>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>textureProjLod</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjLod</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjLod</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjLod</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjLod</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureProjLod</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureProjLod</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Do a projective texture lookup with explicit level-of-detail. |
| See <strong>textureProj</strong> and <strong>textureLod</strong>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>textureProjLodOffset</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>, int <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjLodOffset</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>, int <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjLodOffset</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjLodOffset</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjLodOffset</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>, ivec3 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureProjLodOffset</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>, int <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureProjLodOffset</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>lod</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Do an offset projective texture lookup with explicit level-of-detail. |
| See <strong>textureProj</strong>, <strong>textureLod</strong>, and <strong>textureOffset</strong>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>textureGrad</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, <em>float _P</em>, float <em>dPdx</em>, float <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGrad</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGrad</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, <em>P</em>, vec3 <em>dPdx</em>, vec3 <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGrad</strong>(gsamplerCube <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, vec3 <em>dPdx</em>, vec3 <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGrad</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureGrad</strong>(sampler2DRectShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureGrad</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>dPdx</em>, float <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGrad</strong>(gsampler1DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>dPdx</em>, float <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGrad</strong>(gsampler2DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureGrad</strong>(sampler1DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>dPdx</em>, float <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureGrad</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureGrad</strong>(samplerCubeShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, vec3 <em>dPdx</em>, vec3 <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureGrad</strong>(sampler2DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGrad</strong>(gsamplerCubeArray <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, vec3 <em>dPdx</em>, vec3 <em>dPdy</em>)<br></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Do a texture lookup as in <strong>texture</strong> but with <a href="#explicit-gradients">explicit gradients</a> as shown below. |
| The partial derivatives of <em>P</em> are with respect to window <em>x</em> and |
| window <em>y</em>. |
| For the cube version, the partial derivatives of <em>P</em> are assumed to be |
| in the coordinate system used before texture coordinates are projected |
| onto the appropriate cube face.</p> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>textureGradOffset</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, float <em>P</em>, float <em>dPdx</em>, float <em>dPdy</em>, int <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGradOffset</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGradOffset</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, vec3 <em>dPdx</em>, vec3 <em>dPdy</em>, ivec3 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGradOffset</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureGradOffset</strong>(sampler2DRectShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureGradOffset</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>dPdx</em>, float <em>dPdy</em>, int <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureGradOffset</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGradOffset</strong>(gsampler2DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGradOffset</strong>(gsampler1DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>dPdx</em>, float <em>dPdy</em>, int <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureGradOffset</strong>(sampler1DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>dPdx</em>, float <em>dPdy</em>, int <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureGradOffset</strong>(sampler2DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Do a texture lookup with both explicit gradient and offset, as |
| described in <strong>textureGrad</strong> and <strong>textureOffset</strong>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>textureProjGrad</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>dPdx</em>, float <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjGrad</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>dPdx</em>, float <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjGrad</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjGrad</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjGrad</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, vec3 <em>dPdx</em>, vec3 <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjGrad</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjGrad</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureProjGrad</strong>(sampler2DRectShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureProjGrad</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>dPdx</em>, float <em>dPdy</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureProjGrad</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Do a texture lookup both projectively, as described in <strong>textureProj</strong>, |
| and with explicit gradient as described in <strong>textureGrad</strong>. |
| The partial derivatives <em>dPdx</em> and <em>dPdy</em> are assumed to be already |
| projected.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>textureProjGradOffset</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>dPdx</em>, float <em>dPdy</em>, int <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjGradOffset</strong>(gsampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>dPdx</em>, float <em>dPdy</em>, int <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjGradOffset</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjGradOffset</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjGradOffset</strong>(gsampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, vec3 <em>dPdx</em>, vec3 <em>dPdy</em>, ivec3 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjGradOffset</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureProjGradOffset</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureProjGradOffset</strong>(sampler2DRectShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureProjGradOffset</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>dPdx</em>, float <em>dPdy</em>, int <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>textureProjGradOffset</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, vec2 <em>dPdx</em>, vec2 <em>dPdy</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Do a texture lookup projectively and with explicit gradient as |
| described in <strong>textureProjGrad</strong>, as well as with offset, as described in |
| <strong>textureOffset</strong>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="explicit-gradients">8.9.3. Explicit Gradients</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In the <strong>textureGrad</strong> functions described above, explicit gradients control |
| texture lookups as follows:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="stemblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| \[\begin{aligned} |
| \frac{\partial{s}}{\partial{x}} & = |
| \begin{cases} |
| \frac{\partial{P}}{\partial{x}}, & \text{for a 1D texture} \\[0.8em] |
| \frac{\partial{P.s}}{\partial{x}}, & \text{otherwise} |
| \end{cases} \\[2.5em] |
| \frac{\partial{s}}{\partial{y}} & = |
| \begin{cases} |
| \frac{\partial{P}}{\partial{y}}, & \text{for a 1D texture} \\[0.8em] |
| \frac{\partial{P.s}}{\partial{y}}, & \text{otherwise} |
| \end{cases} \\[2.5em] |
| \frac{\partial{t}}{\partial{x}} & = |
| \begin{cases} |
| 0.0, & \text{for a 1D texture} \\[0.8em] |
| \frac{\partial{P.t}}{\partial{x}}, & \text{otherwise} |
| \end{cases} \\[2.5em] |
| \frac{\partial{t}}{\partial{y}} & = |
| \begin{cases} |
| 0.0, & \text{for a 1D texture} \\[0.8em] |
| \frac{\partial{P.t}}{\partial{y}}, & \text{otherwise} |
| \end{cases} \\[2.5em] |
| \frac{\partial{r}}{\partial{x}} & = |
| \begin{cases} |
| 0.0, & \text{for 1D or 2D} \\[0.8em] |
| \frac{\partial{P.p}}{\partial{x}}, & \text{cube, other} |
| \end{cases} \\[2.5em] |
| \frac{\partial{r}}{\partial{y}} & = |
| \begin{cases} |
| 0.0, & \text{for 1D or 2D} \\[0.8em] |
| \frac{\partial{P.p}}{\partial{y}}, & \text{cube, other} |
| \end{cases} |
| \end{aligned}\] |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="texture-gather-functions">8.9.4. Texture Gather Functions</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The texture gather functions take components of a single floating-point |
| vector operand as a texture coordinate, determine a set of four texels to |
| sample from the base level-of-detail of the specified texture image, and |
| return one component from each texel in a four-component result vector.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When performing a texture gather operation, the minification and |
| magnification filters are ignored, and the rules for LINEAR filtering in the |
| <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a> are applied to the base level of the texture image |
| to identify the four texels <em>i<sub>0</sub> j<sub>1</sub></em>, <em>i<sub>1</sub> j<sub>1</sub></em>, <em>i<sub>1</sub> j<sub>0</sub></em>, and <em>i<sub>0</sub> |
| j<sub>0</sub></em>. |
| The texels are then converted to texture base colors (<em>R<sub>s</sub></em>, <em>G<sub>s</sub></em>, |
| <em>B<sub>s</sub></em>, <em>A<sub>s</sub></em>) according to table 15.1, followed by application of the |
| texture swizzle as described in section 15.2.1 “Texture Access” of the |
| <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>. |
| A four-component vector is assembled by taking the selected component from |
| each of the post-swizzled texture source colors in the order (<em>i<sub>0</sub> j<sub>1</sub></em>, |
| <em>i<sub>1</sub> j<sub>1</sub></em>, <em>i<sub>1</sub> j<sub>0</sub></em>, <em>i<sub>0</sub> j<sub>0</sub></em>).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For texture gather functions using a texture-combined shadow sampler type, |
| each of the four |
| texel lookups perform a depth comparison against the depth reference value |
| passed in (<em>refZ</em>), and returns the result of that comparison in the |
| appropriate component of the result vector.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>As with other texture lookup functions, the results of a texture gather are |
| undefined for shadow samplers if the texture referenced is not a depth |
| texture or has depth comparisons disabled; or for non-shadow samplers if the |
| texture referenced is a depth texture with depth comparisons enabled.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>textureGather</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em> [, int <em>comp</em>])<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGather</strong>(gsampler2DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em> [, int <em>comp</em>])<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGather</strong>(gsamplerCube <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em> [, int <em>comp</em>])<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGather</strong>(gsamplerCubeArray <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>[, int <em>comp</em>])<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGather</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>[, int <em>comp</em>])<br> |
| vec4 <strong>textureGather</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>refZ</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>textureGather</strong>(sampler2DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>refZ</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>textureGather</strong>(samplerCubeShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>refZ</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>textureGather</strong>(samplerCubeArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>P</em>, float <em>refZ</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>textureGather</strong>(sampler2DRectShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>refZ</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Returns the value<br></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c++">vec4(Sample_i0_j1(P, base).comp, |
| Sample_i1_j1(P, base).comp, |
| Sample_i1_j0(P, base).comp, |
| Sample_i0_j0(P, base).comp)</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If specified, the value of <em>comp</em> must be a constant integer expression with |
| a value of 0, 1, 2, or 3, identifying the <em>x</em>, <em>y</em>, <em>z</em>, or <em>w</em> |
| post-swizzled component of the four-component vector lookup result for each |
| texel, respectively. |
| If <em>comp</em> is not specified, it is treated as 0, selecting the <em>x</em> component |
| of each texel to generate the result.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>textureGatherOffset</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>, [ int <em>comp</em>])<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGatherOffset</strong>(gsampler2DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em> [ int <em>comp</em>])<br> |
| vec4 <strong>textureGatherOffset</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>refZ</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>textureGatherOffset</strong>(sampler2DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>refZ</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGatherOffset</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em> [ int <em>comp</em>])<br> |
| vec4 <strong>textureGatherOffset</strong>(sampler2DRectShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>refZ</em>, ivec2 <em>offset</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Perform a texture gather operation as in <strong>textureGather</strong> by <em>offset</em> |
| as described in <strong>textureOffset</strong> except that the <em>offset</em> can be |
| variable (non constant) and the implementation-dependent minimum and |
| maximum offset values are given by MIN_PROGRAM_TEXTURE_GATHER_OFFSET |
| and MAX_PROGRAM_TEXTURE_GATHER_OFFSET, respectively.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>textureGatherOffsets</strong>(gsampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offsets</em>[4] [, int <em>comp</em>])<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGatherOffsets</strong>(gsampler2DArray <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offsets</em>[4] [, int <em>comp</em>])<br> |
| vec4 <strong>textureGatherOffsets</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>refZ</em>, ivec2 <em>offsets</em>[4])<br> |
| vec4 <strong>textureGatherOffsets</strong>(sampler2DArrayShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>P</em>, float <em>refZ</em>, ivec2 <em>offsets</em>[4])<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>textureGatherOffsets</strong>(gsampler2DRect <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, ivec2 <em>offsets</em>[4] [, int <em>comp</em>])<br> |
| vec4 <strong>textureGatherOffsets</strong>(sampler2DRectShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>P</em>, float <em>refZ</em>, ivec2 <em>offsets</em>[4])</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Operate identically to <strong>textureGatherOffset</strong> except that <em>offsets</em> is |
| used to determine the location of the four texels to sample. |
| Each of the four texels is obtained by applying the corresponding |
| offset in <em>offsets</em> as a (<em>u</em>, <em>v</em>) coordinate offset to <em>P</em>, |
| identifying the four-texel LINEAR footprint, and then selecting the |
| texel <em>i<sub>0</sub> j<sub>0</sub></em> of that footprint. |
| The specified values in <em>offsets</em> must be constant integral |
| expressions.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="compatibility-profile-texture-functions">8.9.5. Compatibility Profile Texture Functions</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following texture functions are only in the compatibility profile.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">vec4 <strong>texture1D</strong>(sampler1D <em>sampler</em>, float <em>coord</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| vec4 <strong>texture1DProj</strong>(sampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>coord</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| vec4 <strong>texture1DProj</strong>(sampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>coord</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| vec4 <strong>texture1DLod</strong>(sampler1D <em>sampler</em>, float <em>coord</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>texture1DProjLod</strong>(sampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>coord</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>texture1DProjLod</strong>(sampler1D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>coord</em>, float <em>lod</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">See corresponding signature above without “1D” in the name.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">vec4 <strong>texture2D</strong>(sampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>coord</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| vec4 <strong>texture2DProj</strong>(sampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>coord</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| vec4 <strong>texture2DProj</strong>(sampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>coord</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| vec4 <strong>texture2DLod</strong>(sampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec2 <em>coord</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>texture2DProjLod</strong>(sampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>coord</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>texture2DProjLod</strong>(sampler2D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>coord</em>, float <em>lod</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">See corresponding signature above without “2D” in the name.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">vec4 <strong>texture3D</strong>(sampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>coord</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| vec4 <strong>texture3DProj</strong>(sampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>coord</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| vec4 <strong>texture3DLod</strong>(sampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>coord</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>texture3DProjLod</strong>(sampler3D <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>coord</em>, float <em>lod</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">See corresponding signature above without “3D” in the name.<br> |
| Use the texture coordinate <em>coord</em> to do a texture lookup in the 3D |
| texture currently bound to <em>sampler</em>. |
| For the projective (“<strong>Proj</strong>”) versions, the texture coordinate is |
| divided by <em>coord.q</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">vec4 <strong>textureCube</strong>(samplerCube <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>coord</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| vec4 <strong>textureCubeLod</strong>(samplerCube <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>coord</em>, float <em>lod</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">See corresponding signature above without “Cube” in the name.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">vec4 <strong>shadow1D</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>coord</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| vec4 <strong>shadow2D</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>coord</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| vec4 <strong>shadow1DProj</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>coord</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| vec4 <strong>shadow2DProj</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>coord</em> [, float <em>bias</em>] )<br> |
| vec4 <strong>shadow1DLod</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>coord</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>shadow2DLod</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec3 <em>coord</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>shadow1DProjLod</strong>(sampler1DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 <em>coord</em>, float <em>lod</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>shadow2DProjLod</strong>(sampler2DShadow <em>sampler</em>, vec4 coord, float <em>lod</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Same functionality as the “<strong>texture</strong>” based names above with the |
| same signature.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="atomic-counter-functions">8.10. Atomic Counter Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The atomic-counter operations in this section operate atomically with |
| respect to each other. |
| They are atomic for any single counter, meaning any of these operations on a |
| specific counter in one shader instantiation will be indivisible by any of |
| these operations on the same counter from another shader instantiation. |
| There is no guarantee that these operations are atomic with respect to other |
| forms of access to the counter or that they are serialized when applied to |
| separate counters. |
| Such cases would require additional use of fences, barriers, or other forms |
| of synchronization, if atomicity or serialization is desired.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The underlying counter is a 32-bit unsigned integer. |
| The result of operations will wrap to [0, 2<sup>32</sup>-1].</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicCounterIncrement</strong>(atomic_uint <em>c</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomically<br></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>increments the counter for <em>c</em>, and</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>returns its value prior to the increment operation.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These two steps are done atomically with respect to the atomic counter |
| functions in this table.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicCounterDecrement</strong>(atomic_uint <em>c</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomically<br></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>decrements the counter for <em>c</em>, and</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>returns the value resulting from the decrement operation.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These two steps are done atomically with respect to the atomic counter |
| functions in this table.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicCounter</strong>(atomic_uint <em>c</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the counter value for <em>c</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicCounterAdd</strong>(atomic_uint <em>c</em>, uint <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomically<br></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>adds the value of <em>data</em> to the counter for <em>c</em>, and</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>returns its value prior to the operation.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These two steps are done atomically with respect to the atomic counter |
| functions in this table.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicCounterSubtract</strong>(atomic_uint <em>c</em>, uint <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomically<br></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>subtracts the value of <em>data</em> from the counter for <em>c</em>, and</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>returns its value prior to the operation.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These two steps are done atomically with respect to the atomic counter |
| functions in this table.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicCounterMin</strong>(atomic_uint <em>c</em>, uint <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomically<br></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>sets the counter for <em>c</em> to the minimum of the value of the counter and |
| the value of <em>data</em>, and</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>returns the value prior to the operation.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These two steps are done atomically with respect to the atomic counter |
| functions in this table.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicCounterMax</strong>(atomic_uint <em>c</em>, uint <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomically<br></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>sets the counter for <em>c</em> to the maximum of the value of the counter and |
| the value of <em>data</em>, and</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>returns the value prior to the operation.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These two steps are done atomically with respect to the atomic counter |
| functions in this table.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicCounterAnd</strong>(atomic_uint <em>c</em>, uint <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomically<br></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>sets the counter for <em>c</em> to the bitwise AND of the value of the counter |
| and the value of <em>data</em>, and</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>returns the value prior to the operation.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These two steps are done atomically with respect to the atomic counter |
| functions in this table.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicCounterOr</strong>(atomic_uint <em>c</em>, uint <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomically<br></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>sets the counter for <em>c</em> to the bitwise OR of the value of the counter |
| and the value of <em>data</em>, and</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>returns the value prior to the operation.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These two steps are done atomically with respect to the atomic counter |
| functions in this table.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicCounterXor</strong>(atomic_uint <em>c</em>, uint <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomically<br></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>sets the counter for <em>c</em> to the bitwise XOR of the value of the counter |
| and the value of <em>data</em>, and</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>returns the value prior to the operation.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These two steps are done atomically with respect to the atomic counter |
| functions in this table.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicCounterExchange</strong>(atomic_uint <em>c</em>, uint <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomically<br></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>sets the counter value for <em>c</em> to the value of <em>data</em>, and</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>returns its value prior to the operation.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These two steps are done atomically with respect to the atomic counter |
| functions in this table.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicCounterCompSwap</strong>(atomic_uint <em>c</em>, uint <em>compare</em>, uint <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomically<br></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>compares the value of <em>compare</em> and the counter value for <em>c</em></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>if the values are equal, sets the counter value for <em>c</em> to the value of |
| <em>data</em>, and</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>returns its value prior to the operation.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These three steps are done atomically with respect to the atomic counter |
| functions in this table.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div></div></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="atomic-memory-functions">8.11. Atomic Memory Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomic memory functions perform atomic operations on an individual signed or |
| unsigned integer stored in buffer object or shared variable storage. |
| All of the atomic memory operations read a value from memory, compute a new |
| value using one of the operations described below, write the new value to |
| memory, and return the original value read. |
| The contents of the memory being updated by the atomic operation are |
| guaranteed not to be modified by any other assignment or atomic memory |
| function in any shader invocation between the time the original value is |
| read and the time the new value is written.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomic memory functions are supported only for a limited set of variables. |
| A shader will fail to compile if the value passed to the <em>mem</em> argument of |
| an atomic memory function does not correspond to a buffer or shared |
| variable. |
| It is acceptable to pass an element of an array or a single component of a |
| vector to the <em>mem</em> argument of an atomic memory function, as long as the |
| underlying array or vector is a buffer or shared variable.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All the built-in functions in this section accept arguments with |
| combinations of <strong>restrict</strong>, <strong>coherent</strong>, and <strong>volatile</strong> memory qualification, |
| despite not having them listed in the prototypes. |
| The atomic operation will operate as required by the calling argument’s |
| memory qualification, not by the built-in function’s formal parameter memory |
| qualification.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicAdd</strong>(inout uint <em>mem</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>atomicAdd</strong>(inout int <em>mem</em>, int <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Computes a new value by adding the value of <em>data</em> to the contents |
| <em>mem</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicMin</strong>(inout uint <em>mem</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>atomicMin</strong>(inout int <em>mem</em>, int <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Computes a new value by taking the minimum of the value of <em>data</em> and |
| the contents of <em>mem</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicMax</strong>(inout uint <em>mem</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>atomicMax</strong>(inout int <em>mem</em>, int <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Computes a new value by taking the maximum of the value of <em>data</em> and |
| the contents of <em>mem</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicAnd</strong>(inout uint <em>mem</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>atomicAnd</strong>(inout int <em>mem</em>, int <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Computes a new value by performing a bit-wise AND of the value of |
| <em>data</em> and the contents of <em>mem</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicOr</strong>(inout uint <em>mem</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>atomicOr</strong>(inout int <em>mem</em>, int <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Computes a new value by performing a bit-wise OR of the value of |
| <em>data</em> and the contents of <em>mem</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicXor</strong>(inout uint <em>mem</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>atomicXor</strong>(inout int <em>mem</em>, int <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Computes a new value by performing a bit-wise EXCLUSIVE OR of the |
| value of <em>data</em> and the contents of <em>mem</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicExchange</strong>(inout uint <em>mem</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>atomicExchange</strong>(inout int <em>mem</em>, int <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Computes a new value by simply copying the value of <em>data</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">uint <strong>atomicCompSwap</strong>(inout uint <em>mem</em>, uint <em>compare</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>atomicCompSwap</strong>(inout int <em>mem</em>, int <em>compare</em>, int <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Compares the value of <em>compare</em> and the contents of <em>mem</em>. |
| If the values are equal, the new value is given by <em>data</em>; otherwise, |
| it is taken from the original contents of <em>mem</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="image-functions">8.12. Image Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Variables using one of the image basic types may be used by the built-in |
| shader image memory functions defined in this section to read and write |
| individual texels of a texture. |
| Each image variable references an image unit, which has a texture image |
| attached.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When image memory functions below access memory, an individual texel in the |
| image is identified using an (<em>i</em>), (<em>i, j</em>), or (<em>i, j, k</em>) coordinate |
| corresponding to the values of <em>P</em>. |
| For <strong>image2DMS</strong> and <strong>image2DMSArray</strong> variables (and the corresponding |
| int/unsigned int types) corresponding to multisample textures, each texel |
| may have multiple samples and an individual sample is identified using the |
| integer <em>sample</em> parameter. |
| The coordinates |
| and sample number |
| are used to select an individual texel in the manner described in section |
| 8.26 |
| “Texture Image Loads and Stores” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Loads and stores support float, integer, and unsigned integer types. |
| The data types below starting <code>gimage</code> serve as placeholders meaning |
| types starting either “<strong>image</strong>”, “<strong>iimage</strong>”, or “<strong>uimage</strong>” in the same |
| way as "<strong>gvec</strong>" or "<strong>gsampler</strong>" in earlier sections.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em> in the prototypes below is a placeholder representing |
| 33 |
| separate functions, each for a different type of image variable. |
| The <em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em> placeholder is replaced by one of the following parameter |
| lists:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>gimage2D <em>image</em>, ivec2 <em>P</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>gimage3D <em>image</em>, ivec3 <em>P</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>gimageCube <em>image</em>, ivec3 <em>P</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>gimageBuffer <em>image</em>, int <em>P</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>gimage2DArray <em>image</em>, ivec3 <em>P</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>gimageCubeArray <em>image</em>, ivec3 <em>P</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>gimage1D <em>image</em>, int <em>P</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>gimage1DArray <em>image</em>, ivec2 <em>P</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>gimage2DRect <em>image</em>, ivec2 <em>P</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>gimage2DMS <em>image</em>, ivec2 <em>P</em>, int <em>sample</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"></dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>gimage2DMSArray <em>image</em>, ivec3 <em>P</em>, int <em>sample</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>where each of the lines represents one of three different image variable |
| types, and <em>image</em>, |
| <em>P</em>, and <em>sample</em> |
| specify the individual texel to operate on. |
| The method for identifying the individual texel operated on from <em>image</em>, |
| <em>P</em>, |
| and <em>sample</em>, |
| and the method for reading and writing the texel are specified in section |
| 8.26 |
| “Texture Image Loads and Stores” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The atomic functions perform operations on individual texels or samples of |
| an image variable. |
| Atomic memory operations read a value from the selected texel, compute a new |
| value using one of the operations described below, write the new value to |
| the selected texel, and return the original value read. |
| The contents of the texel being updated by the atomic operation are |
| guaranteed not to be modified by any other image store or atomic function |
| between the time the original value is read and the time the new value is |
| written.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Atomic memory operations are supported on only a subset of all image |
| variable types; <em>image</em> must be either:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>a signed integer image variable (type starts “<strong>iimage</strong>”) and a format |
| qualifier of <strong>r32i</strong>, used with a <em>data</em> argument of type <strong>int</strong>, or</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>an unsigned integer image variable (type starts “<strong>uimage</strong>”) and a |
| format qualifier of <strong>r32ui</strong>, used with a <em>data</em> argument of type <strong>uint</strong>, |
| or</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>a float image variable (type starts “<strong>image</strong>”) and a format qualifier |
| of <strong>r32f</strong>, used with a <em>data</em> argument of type <strong>float</strong> |
| (<strong>imageAtomicExchange</strong> only).</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All the built-in functions in this section accept arguments with |
| combinations of <strong>restrict</strong>, <strong>coherent</strong>, and <strong>volatile</strong> memory qualification, |
| despite not having them listed in the prototypes. |
| The image operation will operate as required by the calling argument’s |
| memory qualification, not by the built-in function’s formal parameter memory |
| qualification.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> int <strong>imageSize</strong>(readonly writeonly gimage1D <em>image</em>)<br> |
| ivec2 <strong>imageSize</strong>(readonly writeonly gimage2D <em>image</em>)<br> |
| ivec3 <strong>imageSize</strong>(readonly writeonly gimage3D <em>image</em>)<br> |
| ivec2 <strong>imageSize</strong>(readonly writeonly gimageCube <em>image</em>)<br> |
| ivec3 <strong>imageSize</strong>(readonly writeonly gimageCubeArray <em>image</em>)<br> |
| ivec3 <strong>imageSize</strong>(readonly writeonly gimage2DArray <em>image</em>)<br> |
| ivec2 <strong>imageSize</strong>(readonly writeonly gimageRect <em>image</em>)<br> |
| ivec2 <strong>imageSize</strong>(readonly writeonly gimage1DArray <em>image</em>)<br> |
| ivec2 <strong>imageSize</strong>(readonly writeonly gimage2DMS <em>image</em>)<br> |
| ivec3 <strong>imageSize</strong>(readonly writeonly gimage2DMSArray <em>image</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>imageSize</strong>(readonly writeonly gimageBuffer <em>image</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the dimensions of the image or images bound to <em>image</em>. |
| For arrayed images, the last component of the return value will hold |
| the size of the array. |
| Cube images only return the dimensions of one face, and the number of |
| cubes in the cube map array, if arrayed.<br> |
| Note: The qualification <strong>readonly writeonly</strong> accepts a variable |
| qualified with <strong>readonly</strong>, <strong>writeonly</strong>, both, or neither. |
| It means the formal argument will be used for neither reading nor |
| writing to the underlying memory.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">int <strong>imageSamples</strong>(readonly writeonly gimage2DMS <em>image</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>imageSamples</strong>(readonly writeonly gimage2DMSArray <em>image</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the number of samples of the image or images bound to <em>image</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> gvec4 <strong>imageLoad</strong>(readonly <em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Loads the texel at the coordinate <em>P</em> from the image unit <em>image</em> (in |
| <em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>). |
| For multisample loads, the sample number is given by <em>sample</em>. |
| When <em>image</em>, <em>P</em>, and <em>sample</em> |
| identify a valid texel, the bits used to represent the selected texel in |
| memory are converted to a <strong>vec4</strong>, <strong>ivec4</strong>, or <strong>uvec4</strong> in the manner |
| described in section |
| 8.26 |
| “Texture Image Loads and Stores” of the |
| <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a> and returned.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">void <strong>imageStore</strong>(writeonly <em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, gvec4 <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Stores <em>data</em> into the texel at the coordinate <em>P</em> from the image |
| specified by <em>image</em>. |
| For multisample stores, the sample number is given by <em>sample</em>. |
| When <em>image</em>, <em>P</em>, and <em>sample</em> |
| identify a valid texel, the bits used to represent <em>data</em> are converted |
| to the format of the image unit in the manner described in section |
| 8.26 |
| “Texture Image Loads and Stores” of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a> |
| and stored to the specified texel.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> uint <strong>imageAtomicAdd</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>imageAtomicAdd</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, int <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Computes a new value by adding the value of <em>data</em> to the contents of |
| the selected texel.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> uint <strong>imageAtomicMin</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>imageAtomicMin</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, int <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Computes a new value by taking the minimum of the value of <em>data</em> and |
| the contents of the selected texel.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> uint <strong>imageAtomicMax</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>imageAtomicMax</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, int <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Computes a new value by taking the maximum of the value <em>data</em> and the |
| contents of the selected texel.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> uint <strong>imageAtomicAnd</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>imageAtomicAnd</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, int <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Computes a new value by performing a bit-wise AND of the value of |
| <em>data</em> and the contents of the selected texel.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> uint <strong>imageAtomicOr</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>imageAtomicOr</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, int <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Computes a new value by performing a bit-wise OR of the value of |
| <em>data</em> and the contents of the selected texel.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> uint <strong>imageAtomicXor</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>imageAtomicXor</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, int <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Computes a new value by performing a bit-wise EXCLUSIVE OR of the |
| value of <em>data</em> and the contents of the selected texel.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> uint <strong>imageAtomicExchange</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>imageAtomicExchange</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, int <em>data</em>)<br> |
| float <strong>imageAtomicExchange</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, float <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Computes a new value by simply copying the value of <em>data</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"> uint <strong>imageAtomicCompSwap</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, uint <em>compare</em>, uint <em>data</em>)<br> |
| int <strong>imageAtomicCompSwap</strong>(<em>IMAGE_PARAMS</em>, int <em>compare</em>, int <em>data</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Compares the value of <em>compare</em> and the contents of the selected |
| texel. |
| If the values are equal, the new value is given by <em>data</em>; otherwise, |
| it is taken from the original value loaded from the texel.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="geometry-shader-functions">8.13. Geometry Shader Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These functions are only available in geometry shaders. |
| They are described in more depth following the table.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">void <strong>EmitStreamVertex</strong>(int <em>stream</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Emits the current values of output variables to the current output |
| primitive on stream <em>stream</em>. |
| The argument to <em>stream</em> must be a constant integral expression. |
| On return from this call, the values of all output variables are |
| undefined.<br> |
| Can only be used if multiple output streams are supported.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">void <strong>EndStreamPrimitive</strong>(int <em>stream</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Completes the current output primitive on stream <em>stream</em> and starts a |
| new one. |
| The argument to <em>stream</em> must be a constant integral expression. |
| No vertex is emitted.<br> |
| Can only be used if multiple output streams are supported.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">void <strong>EmitVertex</strong>()<br></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Emits the current values of output variables to the current output |
| primitive. |
| When multiple output streams are supported, this is equivalent to |
| calling <strong>EmitStreamVertex</strong>(0).<br> |
| On return from this call, the values of output variables are |
| undefined.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">void <strong>EndPrimitive</strong>()</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Completes the current output primitive and starts a new one. |
| When multiple output streams are supported, this is equivalent to |
| calling <strong>EndStreamPrimitive</strong>(0).<br> |
| No vertex is emitted.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The function <strong>EmitStreamVertex</strong>() specifies that a vertex is completed. |
| A vertex is added to the current output primitive in vertex stream <em>stream</em> |
| using the current values of all built-in and user-defined output variables |
| associated with <em>stream</em>. |
| The values of all output variables for all output streams are undefined |
| after a call to <strong>EmitStreamVertex</strong>(). |
| If a geometry shader invocation has emitted more vertices than permitted by |
| the output layout qualifier <strong>max_vertices</strong>, the results of calling |
| <strong>EmitStreamVertex</strong>() are undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The function <strong>EndStreamPrimitive</strong>() specifies that the current output |
| primitive for vertex stream <em>stream</em> is completed and a new output primitive |
| (of the same type) will be started by any subsequent <strong>EmitStreamVertex</strong>(). |
| This function does not emit a vertex. |
| If the output layout is declared to be <strong>points</strong>, calling |
| <strong>EndStreamPrimitive</strong>() is optional.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A geometry shader starts with an output primitive containing no vertices for |
| each stream. |
| When a geometry shader terminates, the current output primitive for each |
| stream is automatically completed. |
| It is not necessary to call <strong>EndStreamPrimitive</strong>() if the geometry shader |
| writes only a single primitive.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Multiple output streams are supported only if the output primitive type is |
| declared to be <strong>points</strong>. |
| It is a compile-time or link-time error if a program contains a geometry |
| shader calling <strong>EmitStreamVertex</strong>() or <strong>EndStreamPrimitive</strong>() if its output |
| primitive type is not <strong>points</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="fragment-processing-functions">8.14. Fragment Processing Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Fragment processing functions are only available in fragment shaders.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="derivative-functions">8.14.1. Derivative Functions</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Derivatives may be computationally expensive and/or numerically unstable. |
| Therefore, an implementation may approximate the true derivatives |
| by using a fast but not entirely accurate derivative computation. |
| Derivatives are undefined within non-uniform control flow.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The expected behavior of a derivative is specified using forward/backward |
| differencing.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Forward differencing:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>\(F(x+dx) - F(x) \sim dFdx(x) \cdot dx (1a)\)</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>\(dFdx(x) \sim \frac{F(x+dx) - F(x)}{dx} (1b)\)</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Backward differencing:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>\(F(x-dx) - F(x) \sim -dFdx(x) \cdot dx (2a)\)</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>\(dFdx(x) \sim \frac{F(x) - F(x-dx)}{dx} (2b)\)</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>With single-sample rasterization, \(dx \leq 1.0\) in equations 1b |
| and 2b. |
| For multisample rasterization, \(dx < 2.0\) in equations 1b and 2b.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>\(dFdy\) is approximated similarly, with <em>y</em> replacing <em>x</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>With multisample rasterization, for any given fragment or sample, either |
| neighboring fragments or samples may be considered.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>It is typical to consider a 2x2 square of fragments or samples, and compute |
| independent <strong>dFdxFine</strong> per row and independent <strong>dFdyFine</strong> per column, while |
| computing only a single <strong>dFdxCoarse</strong> and a single <strong>dFdyCoarse</strong> for the |
| entire 2x2 square. |
| Thus, all second-order coarse derivatives, e.g. |
| <strong>dFdxCoarse</strong>(<strong>dFdxCoarse</strong>(<em>x</em>)), may be 0, even for non-linear arguments. |
| However, second-order fine derivatives, e.g. <strong>dFdxFine</strong>(<strong>dFdyFine</strong>(<em>x</em>)) |
| will properly reflect the difference between the independent fine |
| derivatives computed within the 2x2 square.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The method may differ per fragment, subject to the constraint that the |
| method may vary by window coordinates, not screen coordinates. |
| The invariance requirement described in section 14.2 “Invariance” of the |
| <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>, is relaxed for derivative calculations, because |
| the method may be a function of fragment location.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In some implementations, varying degrees of derivative accuracy for <strong>dFdx</strong> |
| and <strong>dFdy</strong> may be obtained by providing GL hints (see section 21.4 “Hints” |
| of the <a href="#references">OpenGL Specification</a>), allowing a user to make an image quality |
| versus speed trade off. |
| These hints have no effect on <strong>dFdxCoarse</strong>, <strong>dFdyCoarse</strong>, <strong>dFdxFine</strong> and |
| <strong>dFdyFine</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>dFdx</strong>(genFType <em>p</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns either <strong>dFdxFine</strong>(<em>p</em>) or <strong>dFdxCoarse</strong>(<em>p</em>), based on |
| implementation choice, presumably whichever is the faster, or by whichever |
| is selected in the API through quality-versus-speed hints.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>dFdy</strong>(genFType <em>p</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns either <strong>dFdyFine</strong>(<em>p</em>) or <strong>dFdyCoarse</strong>(<em>p</em>), based on |
| implementation choice, presumably whichever is the faster, or by |
| whichever is selected in the API through quality-versus-speed hints.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>dFdxFine</strong>(genFType <em>p</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the partial derivative of <em>p</em> with respect to the window x |
| coordinate. |
| Will use local differencing based on the value of <em>p</em> for the current |
| fragment and its immediate neighbor(s).</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>dFdyFine</strong>(genFType <em>p</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the partial derivative of <em>p</em> with respect to the window y |
| coordinate. |
| Will use local differencing based on the value of <em>p</em> for the current |
| fragment and its immediate neighbor(s).</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>dFdxCoarse</strong>(genFType <em>p</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the partial derivative of <em>p</em> with respect to the window x |
| coordinate. |
| Will use local differencing based on the value of <em>p</em> for the current |
| fragment’s neighbors, and will possibly, but not necessarily, include |
| the value of <em>p</em> for the current fragment. |
| That is, over a given area, the implementation can x compute |
| derivatives in fewer unique locations than would be allowed for |
| <strong>dFdxFine</strong>(<em>p</em>).</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>dFdyCoarse</strong>(genFType <em>p</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the partial derivative of <em>p</em> with respect to the window y |
| coordinate. |
| Will use local differencing based on the value of <em>p</em> for the current |
| fragment’s neighbors, and will possibly, but not necessarily, include |
| the value of <em>p</em> for the current fragment. |
| That is, over a given area, the implementation can compute y |
| derivatives in fewer unique locations than would be allowed for |
| <strong>dFdyFine</strong>(<em>p</em>).</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>fwidth</strong>(genFType <em>p</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <strong>abs</strong>(<strong>dFdx</strong>(<em>p</em>)) + <strong>abs</strong>(<strong>dFdy</strong>(<em>p</em>)).</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>fwidthFine</strong>(genFType <em>p</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <strong>abs</strong>(<strong>dFdxFine</strong>(<em>p</em>)) + <strong>abs</strong>(<strong>dFdyFine</strong>(<em>p</em>)).</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">genFType <strong>fwidthCoarse</strong>(genFType <em>p</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <strong>abs</strong>(<strong>dFdxCoarse</strong>(<em>p</em>)) + <strong>abs</strong>(<strong>dFdyCoarse</strong>(<em>p</em>)).</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="interpolation-functions">8.14.2. Interpolation Functions</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Built-in interpolation functions are available to compute an interpolated |
| value of a fragment shader input variable at a shader-specified (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>) |
| location. |
| A separate (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>) location may be used for each invocation of the |
| built-in function, and those locations may differ from the default (<em>x</em>, |
| <em>y</em>) location used to produce the default value of the input.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For all of the interpolation functions, <em>interpolant</em> must be an l-value |
| from an <strong>in</strong> declaration; |
| this can include a variable, a block or structure member, an array element, or |
| some combination of these. |
| Additionally, component selection operators (e.g. <strong>.xy</strong>, <strong>.xxz</strong>) may be applied |
| to <em>interpolant</em>, in which case the interpolation function will return the |
| result of applying the component selection operator to the interpolated value |
| of <em>interpolant</em> (for example, interpolateAt(v.xxz) is defined to return |
| interpolateAt(v).xxz). |
| Arrayed inputs can be indexed with general (nonuniform) integer expressions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If <em>interpolant</em> is declared with the <strong>flat</strong> qualifier, the interpolated |
| value will have the same value everywhere for a single primitive, so the |
| location used for interpolation has no effect and the functions just return |
| that same value. |
| If <em>interpolant</em> is declared with the <strong>centroid</strong> qualifier, the value |
| returned by <strong>interpolateAtSample</strong>() and <strong>interpolateAtOffset</strong>() will be |
| evaluated at the specified location, ignoring the location normally used |
| with the <strong>centroid</strong> qualifier. |
| If <em>interpolant</em> is declared with the <strong>noperspective</strong> qualifier, the |
| interpolated value will be computed without perspective correction.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">float <strong>interpolateAtCentroid</strong>(float <em>interpolant</em>)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>interpolateAtCentroid</strong>(vec2 <em>interpolant</em>)<br> |
| vec3 <strong>interpolateAtCentroid</strong>(vec3 <em>interpolant</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>interpolateAtCentroid</strong>(vec4 <em>interpolant</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the value of the input <em>interpolant</em> sampled at a location |
| inside both the pixel and the primitive being processed. |
| The value obtained would be the same value assigned to the input |
| variable if declared with the <strong>centroid</strong> qualifier.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">float <strong>interpolateAtSample</strong>(float <em>interpolant</em>, int <em>sample</em>)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>interpolateAtSample</strong>(vec2 <em>interpolant</em>, int <em>sample</em>)<br> |
| vec3 <strong>interpolateAtSample</strong>(vec3 <em>interpolant</em>, int <em>sample</em>)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>interpolateAtSample</strong>(vec4 <em>interpolant</em>, int <em>sample</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the value of the input <em>interpolant</em> variable at the location |
| of sample number <em>sample</em>. |
| If multisample buffers are not available, the input variable will be |
| evaluated at the center of the pixel. |
| If sample <em>sample</em> does not exist, the position used to interpolate |
| the input variable is undefined.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">float <strong>interpolateAtOffset</strong>(float <em>interpolant</em>, vec2 offset)<br> |
| vec2 <strong>interpolateAtOffset</strong>(vec2 <em>interpolant</em>, vec2 offset)<br> |
| vec3 <strong>interpolateAtOffset</strong>(vec3 <em>interpolant</em>, vec2 offset)<br> |
| vec4 <strong>interpolateAtOffset</strong>(vec4 <em>interpolant</em>, vec2 offset)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the value of the input <em>interpolant</em> variable sampled at an |
| offset from the center of the pixel specified by <em>offset</em>. |
| The two floating-point components of <em>offset</em>, give the offset in |
| pixels in the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> directions, respectively.<br> |
| An offset of (0, 0) identifies the center of the pixel. |
| The range and granularity of offsets supported by this function is |
| implementation-dependent.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="noise-functions">8.15. Noise Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The noise functions <strong>noise1</strong>, <strong>noise2</strong>, <strong>noise3</strong>, and <strong>noise4</strong> have been |
| deprecated starting with version 4.4 of GLSL. |
| When not generating SPIR-V they are defined to return the value 0.0 or a vector |
| whose components are all 0.0. When generating SPIR-V the noise functions are |
| not declared and may not be used.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>As in previous releases, the noise functions are not semantically considered to |
| be compile-time constant expressions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax (deprecated)</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description (deprecated)</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">float <strong>noise1</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a 1D noise value based on the input value <em>x</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">vec2 <strong>noise2</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a 2D noise value based on the input value <em>x</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">vec3 <strong>noise3</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a 3D noise value based on the input value <em>x</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">vec4 <strong>noise4</strong>(genFType <em>x</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a 4D noise value based on the input value <em>x</em>.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="shader-invocation-control-functions">8.16. Shader Invocation Control Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The shader invocation control function is only available in tessellation |
| control and compute shaders. |
| It is used to control the relative execution order of multiple shader |
| invocations used to process a patch (in the case of tessellation control |
| shaders) or a workgroup (in the case of compute shaders), which are |
| otherwise executed with an undefined relative order.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">void <strong>barrier</strong>()</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">For any given static instance of <strong>barrier</strong>(), all tessellation control |
| shader invocations for a single input patch must enter it before any |
| will be allowed to continue beyond it, or all compute shader |
| invocations for a single workgroup must enter it before any will |
| continue beyond it.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The function <strong>barrier</strong>() provides a partially defined order of execution |
| between shader invocations. |
| The ensures that, for some types of memory accesses, values written by one |
| invocation prior to a given static instance of <strong>barrier</strong>() can be safely read |
| by other invocations after their call to the same static instance <strong>barrier</strong>(). |
| Because invocations may execute in an undefined order between these barrier |
| calls, the values of a per-vertex or per-patch output variable for tessellation |
| control shaders, or the values of <strong>shared</strong> variables for compute shaders will be |
| undefined in a number of cases enumerated in |
| “<a href="#output-variables">Output Variables</a>” (for tessellation control shaders) |
| and “<a href="#shared-variables">Shared Variables</a>” (for compute shaders).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For tessellation control shaders, the <strong>barrier</strong>() function may only be |
| placed inside the function <strong>main</strong>() of the shader and may not be called |
| within any control flow. |
| Barriers are also disallowed after a return statement in the function |
| <strong>main</strong>(). |
| Any such misplaced barriers result in a compile-time error.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A <strong>barrier</strong>() affects control flow but only synchronizes memory accesses |
| to <strong>shared</strong> variables and tessellation control output variables. |
| For other memory accesses, it does not ensure that values written by one invocation |
| prior to a given static instance of <strong>barrier</strong>() can be safely read by other |
| invocations after their call to the same static instance of <strong>barrier</strong>(). |
| To achieve this requires the use of both <strong>barrier</strong>() and a memory barrier.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For compute shaders, the <strong>barrier</strong>() function may be placed within control |
| flow, but that control flow must be uniform control flow. |
| That is, all the controlling expressions that lead to execution of the |
| barrier must be dynamically uniform expressions. |
| This ensures that if any shader invocation enters a conditional statement, |
| then all invocations will enter it. |
| While compilers are encouraged to give warnings if they can detect this |
| might not happen, compilers cannot completely determine this. |
| Hence, it is the author’s responsibility to ensure <strong>barrier</strong>() only exists |
| inside uniform control flow. |
| Otherwise, some shader invocations will stall indefinitely, waiting for a |
| barrier that is never reached by other invocations.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="shader-memory-control-functions">8.17. Shader Memory Control Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Within a single shader invocation, the visibility and order of writes made |
| by that invocation are well-defined. |
| However, the relative order of reads and writes to a single shared memory |
| address from multiple separate shader invocations is largely undefined. |
| Additionally, the order of accesses to multiple memory addresses performed |
| by a single shader invocation, as observed by other shader invocations, is |
| also undefined.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following built-in functions can be used to control the ordering of |
| reads and writes:</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">void <strong>memoryBarrier</strong>()</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Control the ordering of memory transactions issued by a single shader |
| invocation.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">void <strong>memoryBarrierAtomicCounter</strong>()</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Control the ordering of accesses to atomic-counter variables issued by |
| a single shader invocation.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">void <strong>memoryBarrierBuffer</strong>()</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Control the ordering of memory transactions to buffer variables issued |
| within a single shader invocation.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">void <strong>memoryBarrierShared</strong>()</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Control the ordering of memory transactions to shared variables issued |
| within a single shader invocation, as viewed by other invocations in |
| the same workgroup.<br> |
| Only available in compute shaders.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">void <strong>memoryBarrierImage</strong>()</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Control the ordering of memory transactions to images issued within a |
| single shader invocation.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">void <strong>groupMemoryBarrier</strong>()</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Control the ordering of all memory transactions issued within a single |
| shader invocation, as viewed by other invocations in the same workgroup.<br> |
| Only available in compute shaders.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The memory barrier built-in functions can be used to order reads and writes |
| to variables stored in memory accessible to other shader invocations. |
| When called, these functions will wait for the completion of all reads and |
| writes previously performed by the caller that access selected variable |
| types, and then return with no other effect. |
| The built-in functions <strong>memoryBarrierAtomicCounter</strong>(), |
| <strong>memoryBarrierBuffer</strong>(), <strong>memoryBarrierImage</strong>(), and <strong>memoryBarrierShared</strong>() |
| wait for the completion of accesses to atomic counter, buffer, image, and |
| shared variables, respectively. |
| The built-in functions <strong>memoryBarrier</strong>() and <strong>groupMemoryBarrier</strong>() wait for |
| the completion of accesses to all of the above variable types. |
| The functions <strong>memoryBarrierShared</strong>() and <strong>groupMemoryBarrier</strong>() are |
| available only in compute shaders; the other functions are available in all |
| shader types.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>When these functions return, the effects of any memory stores performed |
| using coherent variables prior to the call will be visible to any |
| future<sup>1</sup> coherent access to the same memory performed by any other shader |
| invocation. |
| In particular, the values written this way in one shader stage are |
| guaranteed to be visible to coherent memory accesses performed by shader |
| invocations in subsequent stages when those invocations were triggered by |
| the execution of the original shader invocation (e.g. fragment shader |
| invocations for a primitive resulting from a particular geometry |
| shader invocation).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1">1</dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>An access is only a <em>future</em> access if a <em>happens-before</em> relation can |
| be established between the store and the load.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Additionally, memory barrier functions order stores performed by the calling |
| invocation, as observed by other shader invocations. |
| Without memory barriers, if one shader invocation performs two stores to |
| coherent variables, a second shader invocation might see the values written |
| by the second store prior to seeing those written by the first. |
| However, if the first shader invocation calls a memory barrier function |
| between the two stores, selected other shader invocations will never see the |
| results of the second store before seeing those of the first. |
| When using the functions <strong>groupMemoryBarrier</strong>() or <strong>memoryBarrierShared</strong>(), |
| this ordering guarantee applies only to other shader invocations in the same |
| compute shader workgroup; all other memory barrier functions provide the |
| guarantee to all other shader invocations. |
| No memory barrier is required to guarantee the order of memory stores as |
| observed by the invocation performing the stores; an invocation reading from |
| a variable that it previously wrote will always see the most recently |
| written value unless another shader invocation also wrote to the same |
| memory.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_subpass_input_functions">8.18. Subpass-Input Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Subpass-input functions are only available when targeting a Vulkan fragment stage.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Subpass inputs are read through the built-in functions below. The <code>g</code> is again |
| a placeholder for either nothing, <code>i</code>, or <code>u</code>, indicating either a floating-point, |
| signed integer, or unsigned integer, and these must match between argument type |
| and return type.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">gvec4 <strong>subpassLoad</strong>(gsubpassInput subpass)<br> |
| gvec4 <strong>subpassLoad</strong>(gsubpassInputMS subpass, int sample)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Read from a subpass input, from the implicit location <em>(x, y, layer)</em> |
| of the current fragment coordinate.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="shader-invocation-group-functions">8.19. Shader Invocation Group Functions</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Implementations of the OpenGL Shading Language may optionally group multiple shader |
| invocations for a single shader stage into a single SIMD invocation group, |
| where invocations are assigned to groups in an undefined, |
| implementation-dependent manner. |
| Shader algorithms on such implementations may benefit from being able to |
| evaluate a composite of Boolean values over all active invocations in a |
| group.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bool <strong>anyInvocation</strong>(bool <em>value</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <strong>true</strong> if and only if <em>value</em> is <strong>true</strong> for at least one |
| active invocation in the group.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bool <strong>allInvocations</strong>(bool <em>value</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <strong>true</strong> if and only if <em>value</em> is <strong>true</strong> for all active |
| invocations in the group.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bool <strong>allInvocationsEqual</strong>(bool <em>value</em>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <strong>true</strong> if <em>value</em> is the same for all active invocations in |
| the group.</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For all of these functions, the same result is returned to all active |
| invocations in the group.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These functions may be called within conditionally executed code. |
| In groups where some invocations do not execute the function call, the value |
| returned by the function is not affected by any invocation not calling the |
| function, even when value is well-defined for that invocation.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Because these functions depend on the values of <em>value</em> in an undefined |
| group of invocations, the value returned by these functions is largely |
| undefined. |
| However, <strong>anyInvocation</strong>() is guaranteed to return <strong>true</strong> if <em>value</em> is |
| <strong>true</strong>, and <strong>allInvocations</strong>() is guaranteed to return <strong>false</strong> if <em>value</em> is |
| <strong>false</strong>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Because implementations are not required to combine invocations into groups, |
| simply returning <em>value</em> for <strong>anyInvocation</strong>() and <strong>allInvocations</strong>() and |
| returning true for <strong>allInvocationsEqual</strong>() is a legal implementation of |
| these functions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For fragment shaders, invocations in a SIMD invocation group may include |
| invocations corresponding to pixels that are covered by a primitive being |
| rasterized, as well as invocations corresponding to neighboring pixels not |
| covered by the primitive. |
| <em>Helper invocations</em> (see “<a href="#built-in-language-variables">Built-In Language |
| Variables</a>”) may be created and the value of <em>value</em> for such |
| helper-invocation pixels may affect the value returned by <strong>anyInvocation</strong>(), |
| <strong>allInvocations</strong>(), and <strong>allInvocationsEqual</strong>().</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="shading-language-grammar">9. Shading Language Grammar</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The grammar is fed from the output of lexical analysis. |
| The tokens returned from lexical analysis are</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>CONST BOOL FLOAT INT UINT |
| DOUBLE</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>BVEC2 BVEC3 BVEC4 IVEC2 IVEC3 IVEC4 UVEC2 UVEC3 UVEC4 VEC2 VEC3 VEC4</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>MAT2 MAT3 MAT4 |
| MAT2X2 MAT2X3 MAT2X4 |
| MAT3X2 MAT3X3 MAT3X4 |
| MAT4X2 MAT4X3 MAT4X4</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>DVEC2 DVEC3 DVEC4 DMAT2 DMAT3 DMAT4 |
| DMAT2X2 DMAT2X3 DMAT2X4 |
| DMAT3X2 DMAT3X3 DMAT3X4 |
| DMAT4X2 DMAT4X3 DMAT4X4</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>CENTROID IN OUT INOUT UNIFORM PATCH SAMPLE BUFFER SHARED |
| COHERENT VOLATILE RESTRICT READONLY WRITEONLY |
| NOPERSPECTIVE |
| FLAT SMOOTH LAYOUT</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>ATOMIC_UINT</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>SAMPLER2D SAMPLER3D SAMPLERCUBE SAMPLER2DSHADOW |
| SAMPLERCUBESHADOW SAMPLER2DARRAY SAMPLER2DARRAYSHADOW |
| ISAMPLER2D ISAMPLER3D ISAMPLERCUBE ISAMPLER2DARRAY |
| USAMPLER2D USAMPLER3D USAMPLERCUBE USAMPLER2DARRAY</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>SAMPLER1D SAMPLER1DSHADOW |
| SAMPLER1DARRAY SAMPLER1DARRAYSHADOW |
| ISAMPLER1D ISAMPLER1DARRAY |
| USAMPLER1D USAMPLER1DARRAY |
| SAMPLER2DRECT SAMPLER2DRECTSHADOW ISAMPLER2DRECT USAMPLER2DRECT</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>SAMPLERBUFFER ISAMPLERBUFFER USAMPLERBUFFER |
| SAMPLERCUBEARRAY SAMPLERCUBEARRAYSHADOW |
| ISAMPLERCUBEARRAY USAMPLERCUBEARRAY |
| SAMPLER2DMS ISAMPLER2DMS USAMPLER2DMS |
| SAMPLER2DMSARRAY ISAMPLER2DMSARRAY USAMPLER2DMSARRAY |
| IMAGE2D IIMAGE2D UIMAGE2D |
| IMAGE3D IIMAGE3D UIMAGE3D |
| IMAGECUBE IIMAGECUBE UIMAGECUBE |
| IMAGEBUFFER IIMAGEBUFFER UIMAGEBUFFER |
| IMAGE2DARRAY IIMAGE2DARRAY UIMAGE2DARRAY |
| IMAGECUBEARRAY IIMAGECUBEARRAY UIMAGECUBEARRAY</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>IMAGE1D IIMAGE1D UIMAGE1D |
| IMAGE1DARRAY IIMAGE1DARRAY UIMAGE1DARRAY |
| IMAGE2DRECT IIMAGE2DRECT UIMAGE2DRECT |
| IMAGE2DMS IIMAGE2DMS UIMAGE2DMS |
| IMAGE2DMSARRAY IIMAGE2DMSARRAY UIMAGE2DMSARRAY</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>STRUCT VOID</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>WHILE BREAK CONTINUE DO ELSE FOR IF DISCARD RETURN SWITCH CASE DEFAULT |
| SUBROUTINE</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>IDENTIFIER TYPE_NAME |
| FLOATCONSTANT INTCONSTANT UINTCONSTANT BOOLCONSTANT |
| DOUBLECONSTANT |
| FIELD_SELECTION</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>LEFT_OP RIGHT_OP |
| INC_OP DEC_OP LE_OP GE_OP EQ_OP NE_OP |
| AND_OP OR_OP XOR_OP MUL_ASSIGN DIV_ASSIGN ADD_ASSIGN |
| MOD_ASSIGN LEFT_ASSIGN RIGHT_ASSIGN AND_ASSIGN XOR_ASSIGN OR_ASSIGN |
| SUB_ASSIGN |
| LEFT_PAREN RIGHT_PAREN LEFT_BRACKET RIGHT_BRACKET LEFT_BRACE RIGHT_BRACE DOT |
| COMMA COLON EQUAL SEMICOLON BANG DASH TILDE PLUS STAR SLASH PERCENT |
| LEFT_ANGLE RIGHT_ANGLE VERTICAL_BAR CARET AMPERSAND QUESTION</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>INVARIANT PRECISE |
| HIGH_PRECISION MEDIUM_PRECISION LOW_PRECISION PRECISION</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following describes the grammar for the OpenGL Shading Language in terms of the above |
| tokens. |
| The starting rule is <em>translation_unit</em>. |
| An empty shader (one having no tokens to parse, after pre-processing) is |
| valid, resulting in no compile-time errors, even though the grammar below |
| does not have a rule to accept an empty token stream.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="openblock bnf"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>variable_identifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>IDENTIFIER</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>primary_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>variable_identifier</em><br> |
| <em>INTCONSTANT</em><br> |
| <em>UINTCONSTANT</em><br> |
| <em>FLOATCONSTANT</em><br> |
| <em>BOOLCONSTANT</em><br> |
| <em>DOUBLECONSTANT</em><br> |
| <em>LEFT_PAREN</em> <em>expression</em> <em>RIGHT_PAREN</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>postfix_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>primary_expression</em><br> |
| <em>postfix_expression</em> <em>LEFT_BRACKET</em> <em>integer_expression</em> <em>RIGHT_BRACKET</em><br> |
| <em>function_call</em><br> |
| <em>postfix_expression</em> <em>DOT</em> <em>FIELD_SELECTION</em><br> |
| <em>postfix_expression</em> <em>INC_OP</em><br> |
| <em>postfix_expression</em> <em>DEC_OP</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>FIELD_SELECTION includes members in structures, component selection for |
| vectors and the 'length' identifier for the length() method</p> |
| </div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>integer_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>function_call</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>function_call_or_method</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>function_call_or_method</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>function_call_generic</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>function_call_generic</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>function_call_header_with_parameters</em> <em>RIGHT_PAREN</em><br> |
| <em>function_call_header_no_parameters</em> <em>RIGHT_PAREN</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>function_call_header_no_parameters</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>function_call_header</em> <em>VOID</em><br> |
| <em>function_call_header</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>function_call_header_with_parameters</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>function_call_header</em> <em>assignment_expression</em><br> |
| <em>function_call_header_with_parameters</em> <em>COMMA</em> <em>assignment_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>function_call_header</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>function_identifier</em> <em>LEFT_PAREN</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Grammar Note: Constructors look like functions, but lexical analysis |
| recognized most of them as keywords. |
| They are now recognized through <em>type_specifier</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Methods (<strong>.length</strong>), subroutine array calls, and identifiers are recognized |
| through <em>postfix_expression</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>function_identifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>type_specifier</em><br> |
| <em>postfix_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>unary_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>postfix_expression</em><br> |
| <em>INC_OP</em> <em>unary_expression</em><br> |
| <em>DEC_OP</em> <em>unary_expression</em><br> |
| <em>unary_operator</em> <em>unary_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Grammar Note: No traditional style type casts.</p> |
| </div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>unary_operator</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>PLUS</em><br> |
| <em>DASH</em><br> |
| <em>BANG</em><br> |
| <em>TILDE</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Grammar Note: No '*' or '&' unary ops. |
| Pointers are not supported.</p> |
| </div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>multiplicative_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>unary_expression</em><br> |
| <em>multiplicative_expression</em> <em>STAR</em> <em>unary_expression</em><br> |
| <em>multiplicative_expression</em> <em>SLASH</em> <em>unary_expression</em><br> |
| <em>multiplicative_expression</em> <em>PERCENT</em> <em>unary_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>additive_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>multiplicative_expression</em><br> |
| <em>additive_expression</em> <em>PLUS</em> <em>multiplicative_expression</em><br> |
| <em>additive_expression</em> <em>DASH</em> <em>multiplicative_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>shift_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>additive_expression</em><br> |
| <em>shift_expression</em> <em>LEFT_OP</em> <em>additive_expression</em><br> |
| <em>shift_expression</em> <em>RIGHT_OP</em> <em>additive_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>relational_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>shift_expression</em><br> |
| <em>relational_expression</em> <em>LEFT_ANGLE</em> <em>shift_expression</em><br> |
| <em>relational_expression</em> <em>RIGHT_ANGLE</em> <em>shift_expression</em><br> |
| <em>relational_expression</em> <em>LE_OP</em> <em>shift_expression</em><br> |
| <em>relational_expression</em> <em>GE_OP</em> <em>shift_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>equality_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>relational_expression</em><br> |
| <em>equality_expression</em> <em>EQ_OP</em> <em>relational_expression</em><br> |
| <em>equality_expression</em> <em>NE_OP</em> <em>relational_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>and_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>equality_expression</em><br> |
| <em>and_expression</em> <em>AMPERSAND</em> <em>equality_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>exclusive_or_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>and_expression</em><br> |
| <em>exclusive_or_expression</em> <em>CARET</em> <em>and_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>inclusive_or_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>exclusive_or_expression</em><br> |
| <em>inclusive_or_expression</em> <em>VERTICAL_BAR</em> <em>exclusive_or_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>logical_and_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>inclusive_or_expression</em><br> |
| <em>logical_and_expression</em> <em>AND_OP</em> <em>inclusive_or_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>logical_xor_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>logical_and_expression</em><br> |
| <em>logical_xor_expression</em> <em>XOR_OP</em> <em>logical_and_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>logical_or_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>logical_xor_expression</em><br> |
| <em>logical_or_expression</em> <em>OR_OP</em> <em>logical_xor_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>conditional_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>logical_or_expression</em><br> |
| <em>logical_or_expression</em> <em>QUESTION</em> <em>expression</em> <em>COLON</em> |
| <em>assignment_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>assignment_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>conditional_expression</em><br> |
| <em>unary_expression</em> <em>assignment_operator</em> <em>assignment_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>assignment_operator</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>EQUAL</em><br> |
| <em>MUL_ASSIGN</em><br> |
| <em>DIV_ASSIGN</em><br> |
| <em>MOD_ASSIGN</em><br> |
| <em>ADD_ASSIGN</em><br> |
| <em>SUB_ASSIGN</em><br> |
| <em>LEFT_ASSIGN</em><br> |
| <em>RIGHT_ASSIGN</em><br> |
| <em>AND_ASSIGN</em><br> |
| <em>XOR_ASSIGN</em><br> |
| <em>OR_ASSIGN</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>assignment_expression</em><br> |
| <em>expression</em> <em>COMMA</em> <em>assignment_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>constant_expression</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>conditional_expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>declaration</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>function_prototype</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>init_declarator_list</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>PRECISION</em> <em>precision_qualifier</em> <em>type_specifier</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>type_qualifier</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>LEFT_BRACE</em> <em>struct_declaration_list</em> |
| <em>RIGHT_BRACE</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>type_qualifier</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>LEFT_BRACE</em> <em>struct_declaration_list</em> |
| <em>RIGHT_BRACE</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>type_qualifier</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>LEFT_BRACE</em> <em>struct_declaration_list</em> |
| <em>RIGHT_BRACE</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>array_specifier</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>type_qualifier</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>type_qualifier</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>type_qualifier</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>identifier_list</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>identifier_list</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>COMMA</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em><br> |
| <em>identifier_list</em> <em>COMMA</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>function_prototype</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>function_declarator</em> <em>RIGHT_PAREN</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>function_declarator</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>function_header</em><br> |
| <em>function_header_with_parameters</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>function_header_with_parameters</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>function_header</em> <em>parameter_declaration</em><br> |
| <em>function_header_with_parameters</em> <em>COMMA</em> <em>parameter_declaration</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>function_header</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>fully_specified_type</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>LEFT_PAREN</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>parameter_declarator</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>type_specifier</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em><br> |
| <em>type_specifier</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>array_specifier</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>parameter_declaration</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>type_qualifier</em> <em>parameter_declarator</em><br> |
| <em>parameter_declarator</em><br> |
| <em>type_qualifier</em> <em>parameter_type_specifier</em><br> |
| <em>parameter_type_specifier</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>parameter_type_specifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>type_specifier</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>init_declarator_list</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>single_declaration</em><br> |
| <em>init_declarator_list</em> <em>COMMA</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em><br> |
| <em>init_declarator_list</em> <em>COMMA</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>array_specifier</em><br> |
| <em>init_declarator_list</em> <em>COMMA</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>array_specifier</em> <em>EQUAL</em> |
| <em>initializer</em><br> |
| <em>init_declarator_list</em> <em>COMMA</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>EQUAL</em> <em>initializer</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>single_declaration</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>fully_specified_type</em><br> |
| <em>fully_specified_type</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em><br> |
| <em>fully_specified_type</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>array_specifier</em><br> |
| <em>fully_specified_type</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>array_specifier</em> <em>EQUAL</em> |
| <em>initializer</em><br> |
| <em>fully_specified_type</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>EQUAL</em> <em>initializer</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Grammar Note: No 'enum', or 'typedef'.</p> |
| </div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>fully_specified_type</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>type_specifier</em><br> |
| <em>type_qualifier</em> <em>type_specifier</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>invariant_qualifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>INVARIANT</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>interpolation_qualifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>SMOOTH</em><br> |
| <em>FLAT</em><br> |
| <em>NOPERSPECTIVE</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout_qualifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>LAYOUT</em> <em>LEFT_PAREN</em> <em>layout_qualifier_id_list</em> <em>RIGHT_PAREN</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout_qualifier_id_list</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>layout_qualifier_id</em><br> |
| <em>layout_qualifier_id_list</em> <em>COMMA</em> <em>layout_qualifier_id</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>layout_qualifier_id</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>IDENTIFIER</em><br> |
| <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>EQUAL</em> <em>constant_expression</em><br> |
| <em>SHARED</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>precise_qualifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>PRECISE</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>type_qualifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>single_type_qualifier</em><br> |
| <em>type_qualifier</em> <em>single_type_qualifier</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>single_type_qualifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>storage_qualifier</em><br> |
| <em>layout_qualifier</em><br> |
| <em>precision_qualifier</em><br> |
| <em>interpolation_qualifier</em><br> |
| <em>invariant_qualifier</em><br> |
| <em>precise_qualifier</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>storage_qualifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>CONST</em><br> |
| <em>IN</em><br> |
| <em>OUT</em><br> |
| <em>INOUT</em><br> |
| <em>CENTROID</em><br> |
| <em>PATCH</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLE</em><br> |
| <em>UNIFORM</em><br> |
| <em>BUFFER</em><br> |
| <em>SHARED</em><br> |
| <em>COHERENT</em><br> |
| <em>VOLATILE</em><br> |
| <em>RESTRICT</em><br> |
| <em>READONLY</em><br> |
| <em>WRITEONLY</em><br> |
| <em>SUBROUTINE</em><br> |
| <em>SUBROUTINE</em> <em>LEFT_PAREN</em> <em>type_name_list</em> <em>RIGHT_PAREN</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>type_name_list</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>TYPE_NAME</em><br> |
| <em>type_name_list</em> <em>COMMA</em> <em>TYPE_NAME</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>type_specifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>type_specifier_nonarray</em><br> |
| <em>type_specifier_nonarray</em> <em>array_specifier</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>array_specifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>LEFT_BRACKET</em> <em>RIGHT_BRACKET</em><br> |
| <em>LEFT_BRACKET</em> <em>conditional_expression</em> <em>RIGHT_BRACKET</em><br> |
| <em>array_specifier</em> <em>LEFT_BRACKET</em> <em>RIGHT_BRACKET</em><br> |
| <em>array_specifier</em> <em>LEFT_BRACKET</em> <em>conditional_expression</em> <em>RIGHT_BRACKET</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>type_specifier_nonarray</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>VOID</em><br> |
| <em>FLOAT</em><br> |
| <em>DOUBLE</em><br> |
| <em>INT</em><br> |
| <em>UINT</em><br> |
| <em>BOOL</em><br> |
| <em>VEC2</em><br> |
| <em>VEC3</em><br> |
| <em>VEC4</em><br> |
| <em>DVEC2</em><br> |
| <em>DVEC3</em><br> |
| <em>DVEC4</em><br> |
| <em>BVEC2</em><br> |
| <em>BVEC3</em><br> |
| <em>BVEC4</em><br> |
| <em>IVEC2</em><br> |
| <em>IVEC3</em><br> |
| <em>IVEC4</em><br> |
| <em>UVEC2</em><br> |
| <em>UVEC3</em><br> |
| <em>UVEC4</em><br> |
| <em>MAT2</em><br> |
| <em>MAT3</em><br> |
| <em>MAT4</em><br> |
| <em>MAT2X2</em><br> |
| <em>MAT2X3</em><br> |
| <em>MAT2X4</em><br> |
| <em>MAT3X2</em><br> |
| <em>MAT3X3</em><br> |
| <em>MAT3X4</em><br> |
| <em>MAT4X2</em><br> |
| <em>MAT4X3</em><br> |
| <em>MAT4X4</em><br> |
| <em>DMAT2</em><br> |
| <em>DMAT3</em><br> |
| <em>DMAT4</em><br> |
| <em>DMAT2X2</em><br> |
| <em>DMAT2X3</em><br> |
| <em>DMAT2X4</em><br> |
| <em>DMAT3X2</em><br> |
| <em>DMAT3X3</em><br> |
| <em>DMAT3X4</em><br> |
| <em>DMAT4X2</em><br> |
| <em>DMAT4X3</em><br> |
| <em>DMAT4X4</em><br> |
| <em>ATOMIC_UINT</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLER2D</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLER3D</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLERCUBE</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLER2DSHADOW</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLERCUBESHADOW</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLER2DARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLER2DARRAYSHADOW</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLERCUBEARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLERCUBEARRAYSHADOW</em><br> |
| <em>ISAMPLER2D</em><br> |
| <em>ISAMPLER3D</em><br> |
| <em>ISAMPLERCUBE</em><br> |
| <em>ISAMPLER2DARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>ISAMPLERCUBEARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>USAMPLER2D</em><br> |
| <em>USAMPLER3D</em><br> |
| <em>USAMPLERCUBE</em><br> |
| <em>USAMPLER2DARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>USAMPLERCUBEARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLER1D</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLER1DSHADOW</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLER1DARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLER1DARRAYSHADOW</em><br> |
| <em>ISAMPLER1D</em><br> |
| <em>ISAMPLER1DARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>USAMPLER1D</em><br> |
| <em>USAMPLER1DARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLER2DRECT</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLER2DRECTSHADOW</em><br> |
| <em>ISAMPLER2DRECT</em><br> |
| <em>USAMPLER2DRECT</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLERBUFFER</em><br> |
| <em>ISAMPLERBUFFER</em><br> |
| <em>USAMPLERBUFFER</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLER2DMS</em><br> |
| <em>ISAMPLER2DMS</em><br> |
| <em>USAMPLER2DMS</em><br> |
| <em>SAMPLER2DMSARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>ISAMPLER2DMSARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>USAMPLER2DMSARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>IMAGE2D</em><br> |
| <em>IIMAGE2D</em><br> |
| <em>UIMAGE2D</em><br> |
| <em>IMAGE3D</em><br> |
| <em>IIMAGE3D</em><br> |
| <em>UIMAGE3D</em><br> |
| <em>IMAGECUBE</em><br> |
| <em>IIMAGECUBE</em><br> |
| <em>UIMAGECUBE</em><br> |
| <em>IMAGEBUFFER</em><br> |
| <em>IIMAGEBUFFER</em><br> |
| <em>UIMAGEBUFFER</em><br> |
| <em>IMAGE1D</em><br> |
| <em>IIMAGE1D</em><br> |
| <em>UIMAGE1D</em><br> |
| <em>IMAGE1DARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>IIMAGE1DARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>UIMAGE1DARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>IMAGE2DRECT</em><br> |
| <em>IIMAGE2DRECT</em><br> |
| <em>UIMAGE2DRECT</em><br> |
| <em>IMAGE2DARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>IIMAGE2DARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>UIMAGE2DARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>IMAGECUBEARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>IIMAGECUBEARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>UIMAGECUBEARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>IMAGE2DMS</em><br> |
| <em>IIMAGE2DMS</em><br> |
| <em>UIMAGE2DMS</em><br> |
| <em>IMAGE2DMSARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>IIMAGE2DMSARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>UIMAGE2DMSARRAY</em><br> |
| <em>struct_specifier</em><br> |
| <em>TYPE_NAME</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>precision_qualifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>HIGH_PRECISION</em><br> |
| <em>MEDIUM_PRECISION</em><br> |
| <em>LOW_PRECISION</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>struct_specifier</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>STRUCT</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>LEFT_BRACE</em> <em>struct_declaration_list</em> |
| <em>RIGHT_BRACE</em><br> |
| <em>STRUCT</em> <em>LEFT_BRACE</em> <em>struct_declaration_list</em> <em>RIGHT_BRACE</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>struct_declaration_list</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>struct_declaration</em><br> |
| <em>struct_declaration_list</em> <em>struct_declaration</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>struct_declaration</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>type_specifier</em> <em>struct_declarator_list</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>type_qualifier</em> <em>type_specifier</em> <em>struct_declarator_list</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>struct_declarator_list</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>struct_declarator</em><br> |
| <em>struct_declarator_list</em> <em>COMMA</em> <em>struct_declarator</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>struct_declarator</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>IDENTIFIER</em><br> |
| <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>array_specifier</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>initializer</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>assignment_expression</em><br> |
| <em>LEFT_BRACE</em> <em>initializer_list</em> <em>RIGHT_BRACE</em><br> |
| <em>LEFT_BRACE</em> <em>initializer_list</em> <em>COMMA</em> <em>RIGHT_BRACE</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>initializer_list</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>initializer</em><br> |
| <em>initializer_list</em> <em>COMMA</em> <em>initializer</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>declaration_statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>declaration</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>compound_statement</em><br> |
| <em>simple_statement</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Grammar Note: labeled statements for SWITCH only; 'goto' is not supported.</p> |
| </div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>simple_statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>declaration_statement</em><br> |
| <em>expression_statement</em><br> |
| <em>selection_statement</em><br> |
| <em>switch_statement</em><br> |
| <em>case_label</em><br> |
| <em>iteration_statement</em><br> |
| <em>jump_statement</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>compound_statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>LEFT_BRACE</em> <em>RIGHT_BRACE</em><br> |
| <em>LEFT_BRACE</em> <em>statement_list</em> <em>RIGHT_BRACE</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>statement_no_new_scope</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>compound_statement_no_new_scope</em><br> |
| <em>simple_statement</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>compound_statement_no_new_scope</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>LEFT_BRACE</em> <em>RIGHT_BRACE</em><br> |
| <em>LEFT_BRACE</em> <em>statement_list</em> <em>RIGHT_BRACE</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>statement_list</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>statement</em><br> |
| <em>statement_list</em> <em>statement</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>expression_statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>expression</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>selection_statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>IF</em> <em>LEFT_PAREN</em> <em>expression</em> <em>RIGHT_PAREN</em> <em>selection_rest_statement</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>selection_rest_statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>statement</em> <em>ELSE</em> <em>statement</em><br> |
| <em>statement</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>condition</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>expression</em><br> |
| <em>fully_specified_type</em> <em>IDENTIFIER</em> <em>EQUAL</em> <em>initializer</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>switch_statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>SWITCH</em> <em>LEFT_PAREN</em> <em>expression</em> <em>RIGHT_PAREN</em> <em>LEFT_BRACE</em> |
| <em>switch_statement_list</em><br> |
| <em>RIGHT_BRACE</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>switch_statement_list</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p>/* <em>nothing</em> */<br> |
| <em>statement_list</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>case_label</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>CASE</em> <em>expression</em> <em>COLON</em><br> |
| <em>DEFAULT</em> <em>COLON</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>iteration_statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>WHILE</em> <em>LEFT_PAREN</em> <em>condition</em> <em>RIGHT_PAREN</em> <em>statement_no_new_scope</em><br> |
| <em>DO</em> <em>statement</em> <em>WHILE</em> <em>LEFT_PAREN</em> <em>expression</em> <em>RIGHT_PAREN</em> |
| <em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>FOR</em> <em>LEFT_PAREN</em> <em>for_init_statement</em> <em>for_rest_statement</em> |
| <em>RIGHT_PAREN</em> <em>statement_no_new_scope</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>for_init_statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>expression_statement</em><br> |
| <em>declaration_statement</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>conditionopt</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>condition</em><br> |
| /* <em>empty</em> */</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>for_rest_statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>conditionopt</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>conditionopt</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em> <em>expression</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>jump_statement</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>CONTINUE</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>BREAK</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>RETURN</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>RETURN</em> <em>expression</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em><br> |
| <em>DISCARD</em> <em>SEMICOLON</em> // Fragment shader only.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Grammar Note: No 'goto'. |
| Gotos are not supported.</p> |
| </div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="dlist"> |
| <dl> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>translation_unit</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>external_declaration</em><br> |
| <em>translation_unit</em> <em>external_declaration</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>external_declaration</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>function_definition</em><br> |
| <em>declaration</em><br> |
| <em>SEMICOLON</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="hdlist1"><em>function_definition</em> : </dt> |
| <dd> |
| <p><em>function_prototype</em> <em>compound_statement_no_new_scope</em></p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In general the above grammar describes a super set of the OpenGL Shading Language. |
| Certain constructs that are valid purely in terms of the grammar are |
| disallowed by statements elsewhere in this specification.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="acknowledgments">10. Acknowledgments</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This specification is based on the work of those who contributed to past |
| versions of the Open GL and Open GL ES Language Specifications and the |
| following contributors to this version:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Pat Brown, NVIDIA<br> |
| Jeff Bolz, NVIDIA<br> |
| Frank Chen<br> |
| Pierre Boudier, AMD<br> |
| Piers Daniell, NVIDIA<br> |
| Chris Dodd, NVIDIA<br> |
| Nick Haemel, NVIDIA<br> |
| Jason Green, Transgaming<br> |
| Brent Insko, Intel<br> |
| Jon Leech<br> |
| Bill Licea-Kane, Qualcomm<br> |
| Daniel Koch, NVIDIA<br> |
| Graeme Leese, Broadcom<br> |
| Barthold Lichtenbelt, NVIDIA<br> |
| Bruce Merry, ARM<br> |
| Robert Ohannessian<br> |
| Tom Olson, ARM<br> |
| Brian Paul, VMware<br> |
| Acorn Pooley, NVIDIA<br> |
| Daniel Rakos, AMD<br> |
| Christophe Riccio, AMD<br> |
| Kevin Rogovin<br> |
| Ian Romanick, Intel<br> |
| Greg Roth, NVIDIA<br> |
| Graham Sellers, AMD<br> |
| Dave Shreiner, ARM<br> |
| Jeremy Sandmel, Apple<br> |
| Robert Simpson, Qualcomm<br> |
| Eric Werness, NVIDIA<br> |
| Mark Young, AMD</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="references">11. Normative References</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="olist arabic"> |
| <ol class="arabic"> |
| <li> |
| <p>International Standard ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E). |
| Programming Languages - C++. Referenced for preprocessor only</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>“OpenGL<sup>R</sup> ES, Version 3.2”, |
| <a href="https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/index_es.php" class="bare">https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/index_es.php</a>, November 3, 2016.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>“The OpenGL<sup>R</sup> Graphics System: A Specification, Version 4.6 (Core |
| Profile)”, <a href="https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/index_gl.php" class="bare">https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/index_gl.php</a>, June |
| 1, 2016.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>IEEE 754-2008. |
| <em>IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic</em></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>“SPIR-V Specification, Version 1.3, Revision 7” , |
| <a href="https://www.khronos.org/registry/spir-v/" class="bare">https://www.khronos.org/registry/spir-v/</a>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>“Vulkan<sup>R</sup> 1.1.105 - A Specification”, |
| <a href="https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/" class="bare">https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/</a>, |
| March 19, 2019.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_non_normative_spir_v_mappings">12. Non-Normative SPIR-V Mappings</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This appendix includes:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>a comparision of feature differences with SPIR-V versus without, for both Vulkan and OpenGL</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>a discussion of how GLSL features logically map to SPIR-V features.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_feature_comparisons">12.1. Feature Comparisons</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following features are removed for both OpenGL and Vulkan:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>subroutines</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>shared and packed block layouts</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>the already deprecated texturing functions (e.g., <code>texture2D()</code>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>the already deprecated noise functions (e.g., <code>noise1()</code>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>compatibility-profile features</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><em>gl_DepthRangeParameters</em> and <em>gl_NumSamples</em></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Vulkan removed the following features, which are still present for OpenGL:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Default uniforms, for non-opaque types: |
| The <strong>UniformConstant</strong> storage class can be used on individual |
| variables at global scope. (That is, uniforms don’t have to be in a |
| block, unless they are built-in members that are in block in GLSL |
| version 4.5 or above.)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>GLSL atomic-counter bindings have the <em>offset</em> layout qualifier → |
| SPIR-V <strong>AtomicCounter</strong> storage class using the <strong>Offset</strong> decoration</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>GLSL <em>origin_lower_left</em> → SPIR-V <strong>OriginLowerLeft</strong></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>special rules for locations for input doubles in the vertex shader</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><em>gl_VertexID</em> and <em>gl_InstanceID</em> (more detail follows)</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following features are added for both OpenGL and Vulkan:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>specialization constants</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><em>offset</em> can organize members in a different order than declaration order</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><em>offset</em> and <em>align</em> layout qualifiers for uniform/buffer blocks for |
| versions that did not support them</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Vulkan Only: The following features are added:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>push-constant buffers</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>shader combining of separate textures and samplers (SPIR-V <strong>OpTypeSampler</strong>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>descriptor sets (<strong>DescriptorSet</strong> must be 0, if present)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><em>gl_VertexIndex</em> and <em>gl_InstanceIndex</em></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>subpass-input targets and input attachments (<em>input_attachment_index</em>)</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The following features are changed in both OpenGL and Vulkan:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><em>gl_FragColor</em> will no longer indicate an implicit broadcast</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Vulkan Only: The following features are changed:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>precision qualifiers (<strong>mediump</strong> and <strong>lowp</strong>) will be respected for all |
| versions, not dropped for desktop versions (default precision for |
| desktop versions is <strong>highp</strong> for all types)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>arrays of uniforms and buffer blocks take only one binding number for |
| the entire object, not one per array element</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>the default origin is <em>origin_upper_left</em> instead of <em>origin_lower_left</em></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Vulkan does not allow multi-dimensional arrays of resources like |
| UBOs and SSBOs in its SPIR-V environment spec. SPIR-V supports |
| it and OpenGL already allows this for GLSL shaders. SPIR-V |
| for OpenGL also allows it.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_mapping_from_glsl_to_spir_v">12.2. Mapping from GLSL to SPIR-V</h3> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_specialization_constants">12.2.1. Specialization Constants</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>SPIR-V specialization constants, which can be set later by the client API, |
| can be declared using <code>layout(constant_id=…​)</code>. For example, to make a |
| specialization constant with a default value of 12:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout(constant_id = 17) const int arraySize = 12;</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Above, <code>17</code> is the ID by which the API or other tools can later refer to |
| this specific specialization constant. The API or an intermediate tool can |
| then change its value to another constant integer before it is fully |
| lowered to executable code. If it is never changed before final lowering, |
| it will retain the value of 12.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Specialization constants have const semantics, except they don’t fold. |
| Hence, an array can be declared with <code>arraySize</code> from above:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>vec4 data[arraySize]; // legal, even though arraySize might change</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Specialization constants can be in expressions:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>vec4 data2[arraySize + 2];</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This will make <code>data2</code> be sized by 2 more than whatever constant value |
| <code>arraySize</code> has when it is time to lower the shader to executable code.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An expression formed with specialization constants also behaves in the |
| shader like a specialization constant, not a like a constant.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>arraySize + 2 // a specialization constant (with no constant_id)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Such expressions can be used in the same places as a constant.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The <em>constant_id</em> can only be applied to a scalar integer, a scalar floating-point |
| or a scalar Boolean.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Only basic operators and constructors can be applied to a specialization |
| constant and still result in a specialization constant:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout(constant_id = 17) const int arraySize = 12; |
| sin(float(arraySize)); // result is not a specialization constant</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>While SPIR-V specialization constants are only for scalars, a vector |
| can be made by operations on scalars:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout(constant_id = 18) const int scX = 1; |
| layout(constant_id = 19) const int scZ = 1; |
| const vec3 scVec = vec3(scX, 1, scZ); // partially specialized vector</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A built-in variable can have a <em>constant_id</em> attached to it:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout(constant_id = 18) gl_MaxImageUnits;</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This makes it behave as a specialization constant. It is not a full |
| redeclaration; all other characteristics are left intact from the |
| original built-in declaration.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The built-in vector <em>gl_WorkGroupSize</em> can be specialized using special |
| layout <code>local_size_{xyz}_id</code> applied to the <strong>in</strong> qualifier. For example:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout(local_size_x_id = 18, local_size_z_id = 19) in;</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This leaves <em>gl_WorkGroupSize.y</em> as a non-specialization constant, with |
| <em>gl_WorkGroupSize</em> being a partially specialized vector. Its <em>x</em> and <em>z</em> |
| components can be later specialized using the ID’s 18 and 19.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_vulkan_only_push_constants">12.2.2. Vulkan Only: Push Constants</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Push constants reside in a uniform block declared using the new |
| layout-qualifier-id <em>push_constant</em> applied to a uniform-block declaration. |
| The API writes a set of constants to a push-constant buffer, and the shader |
| reads them from a <em>push_constant</em> block:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout(push_constant) uniform BlockName { |
| int member1; |
| float member2; |
| ... |
| } InstanceName; // optional instance name |
| ... = InstanceName.member2; // read a push constant</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The memory accounting used for the <em>push_constant</em> uniform block is different |
| than for other uniform blocks: There is a separate small pool of memory |
| it must fit within. By default, a <em>push_constant</em> buffer follows the std430 |
| packing rules.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_vulkan_only_descriptor_sets">12.2.3. Vulkan Only: Descriptor Sets</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each shader resource in a descriptor set is assigned a tuple of (set |
| number, binding number, array element) that defines its location within |
| a descriptor set layout. |
| In GLSL, the set number and binding number are assigned via the <em>set</em> |
| and <em>binding</em> layout qualifiers respectively, and the array element is |
| implicitly assigned consecutively starting with index equal to zero for |
| the first element of an array (and array element is zero for non-array |
| variables):</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>// Assign set number = M, binding number = N, array element = 0 |
| layout (set=M, binding=N) uniform sampler2D variableName;</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>// Assign set number = M, binding number = N for all array elements, |
| // and array element = i for the ith member of an array of size I. |
| layout (set=M, binding=N) uniform sampler2D variableNameArray[I];</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example, two combined texture/sampler objects can be declared in two |
| different descriptor sets as follows</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout(set = 0, binding = 0) uniform sampler2D ts3; |
| layout(set = 1, binding = 0) uniform sampler2D ts4;</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>See the API documentation for more detail on the operation model of |
| descriptor sets.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_vulkan_only_samplers_images_textures_and_buffers">12.2.4. Vulkan Only: Samplers, Images, Textures, and Buffers</h4> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_storage_images">Storage Images</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Storage images are declared in GLSL shader source using uniform image |
| variables of the appropriate dimensionality as well as a format layout |
| qualifier (if necessary):</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout (set=m, binding=n, r32f) uniform image2D myStorageImage;</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Which maps to the following SPIR-V:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre> ... |
| %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450" |
| ... |
| OpName %9 "myStorageImage" |
| OpDecorate %9 DescriptorSet m |
| OpDecorate %9 Binding n |
| %2 = OpTypeVoid |
| %3 = OpTypeFunction %2 |
| %6 = OpTypeFloat 32 |
| %7 = OpTypeImage %6 2D 0 0 0 2 R32f |
| %8 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %7 |
| %9 = OpVariable %8 UniformConstant |
| ...</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_samplers">Samplers</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>SPIR-V samplers are declared in GLSL shader source using uniform <strong>sampler</strong> and |
| <strong>samplerShadow</strong> types:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout (set=m, binding=n) uniform sampler mySampler;</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Which maps to the following SPIR-V:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre> ... |
| %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450" |
| ... |
| OpName %8 "mySampler" |
| OpDecorate %8 DescriptorSet m |
| OpDecorate %8 Binding n |
| %2 = OpTypeVoid |
| %3 = OpTypeFunction %2 |
| %6 = OpTypeSampler |
| %7 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %6 |
| %8 = OpVariable %7 UniformConstant |
| ...</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_textures_sampled_images">Textures (Sampled Images)</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Textures are declared in GLSL shader source using uniform texture |
| variables of the appropriate dimensionality:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout (set=m, binding=n) uniform texture2D mySampledImage;</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Which maps to the following SPIR-V:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre> ... |
| %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450" |
| ... |
| OpName %9 "mySampledImage" |
| OpDecorate %9 DescriptorSet m |
| OpDecorate %9 Binding n |
| %2 = OpTypeVoid |
| %3 = OpTypeFunction %2 |
| %6 = OpTypeFloat 32 |
| %7 = OpTypeImage %6 2D 0 0 0 1 Unknown |
| %8 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %7 |
| %9 = OpVariable %8 UniformConstant |
| ...</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_combined_texture_and_samplers">Combined Texture and Samplers</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Combined textures and samplers are declared in GLSL shader source using |
| uniform texture-combined sampler variables of the appropriate dimensionality:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout (set=m, binding=n) uniform sampler2D myCombinedImageSampler;</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Which maps to the following SPIR-V:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre> ... |
| %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450" |
| ... |
| OpName %10 "myCombinedImageSampler" |
| OpDecorate %10 DescriptorSet m |
| OpDecorate %10 Binding n |
| %2 = OpTypeVoid |
| %3 = OpTypeFunction %2 |
| %6 = OpTypeFloat 32 |
| %7 = OpTypeImage %6 2D 0 0 0 1 Unknown |
| %8 = OpTypeSampledImage %7 |
| %9 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %8 |
| %10 = OpVariable %9 UniformConstant |
| ...</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note that a combined image sampler descriptor can be referred to as just |
| an image or sampler in the shader as per the above sections.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_combining_separate_samplers_and_textures">Combining Separate Samplers and Textures</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A sampler, declared with the keyword <strong>sampler</strong>, contains just filtering |
| information, containing neither a texture nor an image:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>uniform sampler s; // a handle to filtering information</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A texture, declared with keywords like <strong>texture2D</strong>, contains just image |
| information, not filtering information:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>uniform texture2D t; // a handle to a texture (an image in SPIR-V)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Constructors can then be used to combine a sampler and a texture at the |
| point of making a texture lookup call:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>texture(sampler2D(t, s), ...);</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Note, <code>layout()</code> information is omitted above for clarity of this feature.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_texture_buffers_uniform_texel_buffers">Texture Buffers (Uniform Texel Buffers)</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Texture buffers are declared in GLSL shader source using uniform |
| textureBuffer variables:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout (set=m, binding=n) uniform textureBuffer myUniformTexelBuffer;</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Which maps to the following SPIR-V:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre> ... |
| %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450" |
| ... |
| OpName %9 "myUniformTexelBuffer" |
| OpDecorate %9 DescriptorSet m |
| OpDecorate %9 Binding n |
| %2 = OpTypeVoid |
| %3 = OpTypeFunction %2 |
| %6 = OpTypeFloat 32 |
| %7 = OpTypeImage %6 Buffer 0 0 0 1 Unknown |
| %8 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %7 |
| %9 = OpVariable %8 UniformConstant |
| ...</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_image_buffers_storage_texel_buffers">Image Buffers (Storage Texel Buffers)</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Image buffers are declared in GLSL shader source using uniform |
| imageBuffer variables:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout (set=m, binding=n, r32f) uniform imageBuffer myStorageTexelBuffer;</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Which maps to the following SPIR-V:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre> ... |
| %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450" |
| ... |
| OpName %9 "myStorageTexelBuffer" |
| OpDecorate %9 DescriptorSet m |
| OpDecorate %9 Binding n |
| %2 = OpTypeVoid |
| %3 = OpTypeFunction %2 |
| %6 = OpTypeFloat 32 |
| %7 = OpTypeImage %6 Buffer 0 0 0 2 R32f |
| %8 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %7 |
| %9 = OpVariable %8 UniformConstant |
| ...</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_storage_buffers">Storage Buffers</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Storage buffers are declared in GLSL shader source using buffer storage |
| qualifier and block syntax:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout (set=m, binding=n) buffer myStorageBuffer |
| { |
| vec4 myElement[]; |
| };</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Which maps to the following SPIR-V:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre> ... |
| %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450" |
| ... |
| OpName %9 "myStorageBuffer" |
| OpMemberName %9 0 "myElement" |
| OpName %11 "" |
| OpDecorate %8 ArrayStride 16 |
| OpMemberDecorate %9 0 Offset 0 |
| OpDecorate %9 BufferBlock |
| OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet m |
| OpDecorate %11 Binding n |
| %2 = OpTypeVoid |
| %3 = OpTypeFunction %2 |
| %6 = OpTypeFloat 32 |
| %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4 |
| %8 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %7 |
| %9 = OpTypeStruct %8 |
| %10 = OpTypePointer Uniform %9 |
| %11 = OpVariable %10 Uniform |
| ...</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_uniform_buffers">Uniform Buffers</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Uniform buffers are declared in GLSL shader source using the uniform storage |
| qualifier and block syntax:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout (set=m, binding=n) uniform myUniformBuffer |
| { |
| vec4 myElement[32]; |
| };</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Which maps to the following SPIR-V:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre> ... |
| %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450" |
| ... |
| OpName %11 "myUniformBuffer" |
| OpMemberName %11 0 "myElement" |
| OpName %13 "" |
| OpDecorate %10 ArrayStride 16 |
| OpMemberDecorate %11 0 Offset 0 |
| OpDecorate %11 Block |
| OpDecorate %13 DescriptorSet m |
| OpDecorate %13 Binding n |
| %2 = OpTypeVoid |
| %3 = OpTypeFunction %2 |
| %6 = OpTypeFloat 32 |
| %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4 |
| %8 = OpTypeInt 32 0 |
| %9 = OpConstant %8 32 |
| %10 = OpTypeArray %7 %9 |
| %11 = OpTypeStruct %10 |
| %12 = OpTypePointer Uniform %11 |
| %13 = OpVariable %12 Uniform |
| ...</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_subpass_inputs_2">Subpass Inputs</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Within a rendering pass, a subpass can write results to an output target |
| that can then be read by the next subpass as an input subpass. The |
| "Subpass Input" feature regards the ability to read an output target.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Subpass inputs are read through a new set of types, available only |
| to fragment shaders:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>subpassInput |
| subpassInputMS |
| isubpassInput |
| isubpassInputMS |
| usubpassInput |
| usubpassInputMS</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Unlike sampler and image objects, subpass inputs are implicitly addressed |
| by the fragment’s (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>, <em>layer</em>) coordinate.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Input attachments are decorated with their input attachment index in |
| addition to descriptor set and binding numbers.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>layout (input_attachment_index=i, set=m, binding=n) uniform subpassInput myInputAttachment;</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Which maps to the following SPIR-V:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre> ... |
| %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450" |
| ... |
| OpName %9 "myInputAttachment" |
| OpDecorate %9 DescriptorSet m |
| OpDecorate %9 Binding n |
| OpDecorate %9 InputAttachmentIndex i |
| %2 = OpTypeVoid |
| %3 = OpTypeFunction %2 |
| %6 = OpTypeFloat 32 |
| %7 = OpTypeImage %6 SubpassData 0 0 0 2 Unknown |
| %8 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %7 |
| %9 = OpVariable %8 UniformConstant |
| ...</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>An <em>input_attachment_index</em> of i selects the ith entry in the input pass |
| list. (See API specification for more information.)</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These objects support reading the subpass input through the following |
| functions:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>gvec4 subpassLoad(gsubpassInput subpass); |
| gvec4 subpassLoad(gsubpassInputMS subpass, int sample);</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_mapping_variables">12.2.5. Mapping Variables</h4> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_gl_fragcolor"><em>gl_FragColor</em></h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The fragment-stage built-in <em>gl_FragColor</em>, which implies a broadcast to all |
| outputs, is not present in SPIR-V. Shaders where writing to <em>gl_FragColor</em> |
| is allowed can still write to it, but it only means to write to an output:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>of the same type as <em>gl_FragColor</em></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>decorated with location 0</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>not decorated as a built-in variable.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There is no implicit broadcast.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_vulkan_gl_vertexindex_and_gl_instanceindex">Vulkan <em>gl_VertexIndex</em> and <em>gl_InstanceIndex</em></h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Adds two new built-in variables, <em>gl_VertexIndex</em> and <em>gl_InstanceIndex</em> to |
| replace the existing built-in variables <em>gl_VertexID</em> and <em>gl_InstanceID</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In the situations where the indexing is relative to some base offset, |
| these built-in variables are defined, for Vulkan, to take on values as |
| follows:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>gl_VertexIndex base, base+1, base+2, ... |
| gl_InstanceIndex base, base+1, base+2, ...</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Where it depends on the situation what the base actually is.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_storage_classes">Storage Classes:</h5> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>uniform sampler2D...; -> UniformConstant |
| uniform blockN { ... } ...; -> Uniform, with Block decoration |
| in / out variable -> Input/Output, possibly with block (below) |
| in / out block... -> Input/Output, with Block decoration |
| buffer blockN { ... } ...; -> Uniform, with BufferBlock decoration |
| shared -> Workgroup |
| <normal global> -> Private</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>Vulkan Only: buffer blockN { ... } ...; -> StorageBuffer, when requested |
| OpenGL Only: uniform variable (non-block) -> UniformConstant |
| OpenGL Only: ... uniform atomic_uint ... -> AtomicCounter</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect4"> |
| <h5 id="_inputoutput">Input/Output</h5> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Mapping of input/output blocks or variables is the same for all versions |
| of GLSL or ESSL. To the extent variables or members are available in a |
| version, its location is as follows:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These are mapped to SPIR-V individual variables, with similarly spelled |
| built-in decorations (except as noted):</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Any stage:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>in gl_VertexIndex (Vulkan only) |
| in gl_VertexID (OpenGL only) |
| in gl_InstanceIndex (Vulkan only) |
| in gl_InstanceID (OpenGL only) |
| in gl_InvocationID |
| in gl_PatchVerticesIn (PatchVertices) |
| in gl_PrimitiveIDIn (PrimitiveID) |
| in/out gl_PrimitiveID (in/out based only on storage qualifier) |
| in gl_TessCoord</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>in/out gl_Layer |
| in/out gl_ViewportIndex</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>patch in/out gl_TessLevelOuter (uses Patch decoration) |
| patch in/out gl_TessLevelInner (uses Patch decoration)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Compute stage only:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>in gl_NumWorkGroups |
| in gl_WorkGroupSize |
| in gl_WorkGroupID |
| in gl_LocalInvocationID |
| in gl_GlobalInvocationID |
| in gl_LocalInvocationIndex</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Fragment stage only:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>in gl_FragCoord |
| in gl_FrontFacing |
| in gl_ClipDistance |
| in gl_CullDistance |
| in gl_PointCoord |
| in gl_SampleID |
| in gl_SamplePosition |
| in gl_HelperInvocation |
| out gl_FragDepth |
| in gl_SampleMaskIn (SampleMask) |
| out gl_SampleMask (in/out based only on storage qualifier)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>These are mapped to SPIR-V blocks, as implied by the pseudo code, with |
| the members decorated with similarly spelled built-in decorations:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Non-fragment stage:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>in/out gl_PerVertex { // some subset of these members will be used |
| gl_Position |
| gl_PointSize |
| gl_ClipDistance |
| gl_CullDistance |
| } // name of block is for debug only</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>There is at most one input and one output block per stage in SPIR-V. |
| The subset and order of members will match between stages sharing an |
| interface.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_vulkan_only_mapping_of_precision_qualifiers">12.2.6. Vulkan Only: Mapping of Precision Qualifiers</h4> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>lowp -> RelaxedPrecision, on storage variable and operation |
| mediump -> RelaxedPrecision, on storage variable and operation |
| highp -> 32-bit, same as int or float</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>portability tool/mode -> OpQuantizeToF16</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_mapping_of_precise">12.2.7. Mapping of <strong>precise</strong>:</h4> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>precise -> NoContraction</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_opengl_mapping_of_atomic_uint_offset_layout_qualifier">12.2.8. OpenGL Mapping of <strong>atomic_uint</strong> <em>offset</em> layout qualifier</h4> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>offset -> Offset (decoration)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_mapping_of_images">12.2.9. Mapping of Images</h4> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>imageLoad() -> OpImageRead |
| imageStore() -> OpImageWrite |
| texelFetch() -> OpImageFetch |
| subpassInput -> OpTypeImage with Dim of SubpassData (Vulkan only) |
| subpassLoad() -> OpImageRead (Vulkan only)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>imageAtomicXXX(params, data) -> %ptr = OpImageTexelPointer params |
| OpAtomicXXX %ptr, data</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>XXXQueryXXX(combined) -> %image = OpImage combined |
| OpXXXQueryXXX %image</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_mapping_of_layouts">12.2.10. Mapping of Layouts</h4> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>std140/std430 -> explicit Offset, ArrayStride, and MatrixStride |
| Decoration on struct members |
| shared/packed -> not allowed |
| <default> -> not shared, but std140 or std430 |
| xfb_offset -> Offset Decoration on the object or struct member |
| xfb_buffer -> XfbBuffer Decoration on the object |
| xfb_stride -> XfbStride Decoration on the object |
| any xfb_* -> the Xfb Execution Mode is set |
| captured XFB -> has both XfbBuffer and Offset |
| non-captured -> lacking XfbBuffer or Offset</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>max_vertices -> OutputVertices</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_mapping_of_barriers">12.2.11. Mapping of barriers</h4> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>barrier() (compute) -> OpControlBarrier(/*Execution*/Workgroup, |
| /*Memory*/Workgroup, |
| /*Semantics*/AcquireRelease | |
| WorkgroupMemory)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>barrier() (tess control) -> OpControlBarrier(/*Execution*/Workgroup, |
| /*Memory*/Invocation, |
| /*Semantics*/None)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>memoryBarrier() -> OpMemoryBarrier(/*Memory*/Device, |
| /*Semantics*/AcquireRelease | |
| UniformMemory | |
| WorkgroupMemory | |
| ImageMemory)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>memoryBarrierBuffer() -> OpMemoryBarrier(/*Memory*/Device, |
| /*Semantics*/AcquireRelease | |
| UniformMemory)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>memoryBarrierShared() -> OpMemoryBarrier(/*Memory*/Device, |
| /*Semantics*/AcquireRelease | |
| WorkgroupMemory)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>memoryBarrierImage() -> OpMemoryBarrier(/*Memory*/Device, |
| /*Semantics*/AcquireRelease | |
| ImageMemory)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>groupMemoryBarrier() -> OpMemoryBarrier(/*Memory*/Workgroup, |
| /*Semantics*/AcquireRelease | |
| UniformMemory | |
| WorkgroupMemory | |
| ImageMemory)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_mapping_of_atomics">12.2.12. Mapping of atomics</h4> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>all atomic builtin functions -> Semantics = None(Relaxed)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>atomicExchange() -> OpAtomicExchange |
| imageAtomicExchange() -> OpAtomicExchange |
| atomicCompSwap() -> OpAtomicCompareExchange |
| imageAtomicCompSwap() -> OpAtomicCompareExchange |
| N/A -> OpAtomicCompareExchangeWeak</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_opengl_only_mapping_of_atomics">12.2.13. OpenGL Only: Mapping of Atomics</h4> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>atomicCounterIncrement -> OpAtomicIIncrement |
| atomicCounterDecrement -> OpAtomicIDecrement |
| atomicCounter -> OpAtomicLoad</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="_mapping_of_other_instructions">12.2.14. Mapping of other instructions</h4> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>% -> OpUMod/OpSMod |
| mod() -> OpFMod |
| N/A -> OpSRem/OpFRem</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="literalblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>pack/unpack (conversion) -> pack/unpack in GLSL extended instructions |
| pack/unpack (no conversion) -> OpBitcast</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="footer"> |
| <div id="footer-text"> |
| Version 4.60.7<br> |
| Last updated 2019-07-10 14:42:53 MDT |
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