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<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1><a href="index.html">Getting Started with 'nanomsg'</a></h1>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
This document is derived from an original post by Tim Dysinger.
That post is no longer available, but we have modified and restructured it,
as well as making enhancments and corrections.
Tim&#8217;s original code is on <a href="https://github.com/dysinger/nanomsg-examples">github</a>, but we recommend using the examples here as they have a number of corrections.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_bus_routing">Bus (Routing)</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="bus.png" alt="A Simple Bus">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The bus protocol is useful for routing applications, or for building
fully interconnected mesh networks. In this pattern, messages are
sent to every directly connected peer.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">bus.c</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include">&lt;string.h&gt;</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include">&lt;unistd.h&gt;</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include">&lt;nanomsg/nn.h&gt;</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include">&lt;nanomsg/bus.h&gt;</span>
<span class="directive">void</span>
fatal(<span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">char</span> *func)
{
fprintf(stderr, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">%s: %s</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>, func, nn_strerror(nn_errno()));
exit(<span class="integer">1</span>);
}
<span class="predefined-type">int</span>
node(<span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> argc, <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">char</span> **argv)
{
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> sock;
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_BUS)) &lt; <span class="integer">0</span>) {
fatal(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">nn_socket</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
}
<span class="keyword">if</span> (nn_bind(sock, argv[<span class="integer">2</span>]) &lt; <span class="integer">0</span>) {
fatal(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">nn_bind</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
}
sleep(<span class="integer">1</span>); <span class="comment">// wait for peers to bind</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> (argc &gt;= <span class="integer">3</span>) {
<span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="predefined-type">int</span> x = <span class="integer">3</span>; x &lt; argc; x++) {
<span class="keyword">if</span> (nn_connect(sock, argv[x]) &lt; <span class="integer">0</span>) {
fatal(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">nn_connect</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
}
}
}
sleep(<span class="integer">1</span>); <span class="comment">// wait for connections</span>
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> to = <span class="integer">100</span>;
<span class="keyword">if</span> (nn_setsockopt(sock, NN_SOL_SOCKET, NN_RCVTIMEO, &amp;to,
<span class="keyword">sizeof</span> (to)) &lt; <span class="integer">0</span>) {
fatal(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">nn_setsockopt</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
}
<span class="comment">// SEND</span>
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> sz_n = strlen(argv[<span class="integer">1</span>]) + <span class="integer">1</span>; <span class="comment">// '\0' too</span>
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">%s: SENDING '%s' ONTO BUS</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>, argv[<span class="integer">1</span>], argv[<span class="integer">1</span>]);
<span class="keyword">if</span> (nn_send(sock, argv[<span class="integer">1</span>], sz_n, <span class="integer">0</span>) &lt; <span class="integer">0</span>) {
fatal(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">nn_send</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
}
<span class="comment">// RECV</span>
<span class="keyword">for</span> (;;) {
<span class="predefined-type">char</span> *buf = <span class="predefined-constant">NULL</span>;
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> recv = nn_recv(sock, &amp;buf, NN_MSG, <span class="integer">0</span>);
<span class="keyword">if</span> (recv &gt;= <span class="integer">0</span>) {
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">%s: RECEIVED '%s' FROM BUS</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>, argv[<span class="integer">1</span>], buf); <i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>(1)</b>
nn_freemsg(buf);
}
}
<span class="keyword">return</span> (nn_shutdown(sock, <span class="integer">0</span>));
}
<span class="predefined-type">int</span>
main(<span class="predefined-type">int</span> argc, <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">char</span> **argv)
{
<span class="keyword">if</span> (argc &gt;= <span class="integer">3</span>) {
<span class="keyword">return</span> (node(argc, argv));
}
fprintf(stderr, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">Usage: bus &lt;NODE_NAME&gt; &lt;URL&gt; &lt;URL&gt; ...</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="integer">1</span>;
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="colist arabic">
<table>
<tr>
<td><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>1</b></td>
<td>Blithely assumes message is ASCIIZ string. Real code should check it.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Compilation</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="bash">gcc bus.c -lnanomsg.a -o bus</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Execution</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="bash">./bus node0 ipc:///tmp/node0.ipc ipc:///tmp/node1.ipc ipc:///tmp/node2.ipc &amp; node0=$!
./bus node1 ipc:///tmp/node1.ipc ipc:///tmp/node2.ipc ipc:///tmp/node3.ipc &amp; node1=$!
./bus node2 ipc:///tmp/node2.ipc ipc:///tmp/node3.ipc &amp; node2=$!
./bus node3 ipc:///tmp/node3.ipc ipc:///tmp/node0.ipc &amp; node3=$!
sleep 5
kill $node0 $node1 $node2 $node3</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Output</div>
<div class="content">
<pre>node0: SENDING 'node0' ONTO BUS
node1: SENDING 'node1' ONTO BUS
node2: SENDING 'node2' ONTO BUS
node3: SENDING 'node3' ONTO BUS
node0: RECEIVED 'node1' FROM BUS
node0: RECEIVED 'node2' FROM BUS
node0: RECEIVED 'node3' FROM BUS
node1: RECEIVED 'node0' FROM BUS
node1: RECEIVED 'node2' FROM BUS
node1: RECEIVED 'node3' FROM BUS
node2: RECEIVED 'node0' FROM BUS
node2: RECEIVED 'node1' FROM BUS
node2: RECEIVED 'node3' FROM BUS
node3: RECEIVED 'node0' FROM BUS
node3: RECEIVED 'node1' FROM BUS
node3: RECEIVED 'node2' FROM BUS</pre>
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Last updated 2018-01-09 01:08:26 UTC
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