[infra] Change CMake build to use a temporary directory

This prevents Docker from creating a root-owned out directory
which persists on bots and causes failures for other tasks.

Bug: skia:9749
Change-Id: I79382d3d7a4b6d8ac61a429750ff99bde20d306d
Reviewed-on: https://skia-review.googlesource.com/c/skia/+/264018
Reviewed-by: Ben Wagner <bungeman@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Lubick <kjlubick@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Herb Derby <herb@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Eric Boren <borenet@google.com>
(cherry picked from commit edae1b3e044e5755a7b05a9776525fc6a00f0f7b)
Reviewed-on: https://skia-review.googlesource.com/c/skia/+/264297
Reviewed-by: Eric Boren <borenet@google.com>