[canvaskit] Add catchException everywhere

This should make the logs in the bots more actionable by showing
the error and trace.

This also fixes the API change causing mysterious red.

Bug: skia:
Change-Id: I38df2bb4557041f8bdfefcae5c8d95b58e770033
Reviewed-on: https://skia-review.googlesource.com/c/168180
Reviewed-by: Kevin Lubick <kjlubick@google.com>
8 files changed