jmemdos.c

/*
 * jmemdos.c  (jmemsys.c)
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1992, Thomas G. Lane.
 * This file is part of the Independent JPEG Group's software.
 * For conditions of distribution and use, see the accompanying README file.
 *
 * This file provides an MS-DOS-compatible implementation of the system-
 * dependent portion of the JPEG memory manager.  Temporary data can be
 * stored in extended or expanded memory as well as in regular DOS files.
 *
 * If you use this file, you must be sure that NEED_FAR_POINTERS is defined
 * if you compile in a small-data memory model; it should NOT be defined if
 * you use a large-data memory model.  This file is not recommended if you
 * are using a flat-memory-space 386 environment such as DJGCC or Watcom C.
 *
 * Based on code contributed by Ge' Weijers.
 */

/*
 * If you have both extended and expanded memory, you may want to change the
 * order in which they are tried in jopen_backing_store.  On a 286 machine
 * expanded memory is usually faster, since extended memory access involves
 * an expensive protected-mode-and-back switch.  On 386 and better, extended
 * memory is usually faster.  As distributed, the code tries extended memory
 * first (what? not everyone has a 386? :-).
 *
 * You can disable use of extended/expanded memory entirely by altering these
 * definitions or overriding them from the Makefile (eg, -DEMS_SUPPORTED=0).
 */

#ifndef XMS_SUPPORTED
#define XMS_SUPPORTED  1
#endif
#ifndef EMS_SUPPORTED
#define EMS_SUPPORTED  1
#endif


#include "jinclude.h"
#include "jmemsys.h"

#ifdef INCLUDES_ARE_ANSI
#include <stdlib.h>		/* to declare malloc(), free(), getenv() */
#else
extern void * malloc PP((size_t size));
extern void free PP((void *ptr));
extern char * getenv PP((const char * name));
#endif

#ifdef NEED_FAR_POINTERS

#ifdef __TURBOC__
/* These definitions work for Borland C (Turbo C) */
#include <alloc.h>		/* need farmalloc(), farfree() */
#define far_malloc(x)	farmalloc(x)
#define far_free(x)	farfree(x)
#else
/* These definitions work for Microsoft C and compatible compilers */
#include <malloc.h>		/* need _fmalloc(), _ffree() */
#define far_malloc(x)	_fmalloc(x)
#define far_free(x)	_ffree(x)
#endif

#endif

#ifdef DONT_USE_B_MODE		/* define mode parameters for fopen() */
#define READ_BINARY	"r"
#else
#define READ_BINARY	"rb"
#endif


/*
 * Declarations for assembly-language support routines (see jmemdosa.asm).
 *
 * The functions are declared "far" as are all pointer arguments;
 * this ensures the assembly source code will work regardless of the
 * compiler memory model.  We assume "short" is 16 bits, "long" is 32.
 */

typedef void far * XMSDRIVER;	/* actually a pointer to code */
typedef struct {		/* registers for calling XMS driver */
	unsigned short ax, dx, bx;
	void far * ds_si;
      } XMScontext;
typedef struct {		/* registers for calling EMS driver */
	unsigned short ax, dx, bx;
	void far * ds_si;
      } EMScontext;

EXTERN short far jdos_open PP((short far * handle, char far * filename));
EXTERN short far jdos_close PP((short handle));
EXTERN short far jdos_seek PP((short handle, long offset));
EXTERN short far jdos_read PP((short handle, void far * buffer,
			       unsigned short count));
EXTERN short far jdos_write PP((short handle, void far * buffer,
				unsigned short count));
EXTERN void far jxms_getdriver PP((XMSDRIVER far *));
EXTERN void far jxms_calldriver PP((XMSDRIVER, XMScontext far *));
EXTERN short far jems_available PP((void));
EXTERN void far jems_calldriver PP((EMScontext far *));


static external_methods_ptr methods; /* saved for access to error_exit */

static long total_used;		/* total FAR memory requested so far */


/*
 * Selection of a file name for a temporary file.
 * This is highly system-dependent, and you may want to customize it.
 */

static int next_file_num;	/* to distinguish among several temp files */

LOCAL void
select_file_name (char * fname)
{
  const char * env;
  char * ptr;
  FILE * tfile;

  /* Keep generating file names till we find one that's not in use */
  for (;;) {
    /* Get temp directory name from environment TMP or TEMP variable;
     * if none, use "."
     */
    if ((env = (const char *) getenv("TMP")) == NULL)
      if ((env = (const char *) getenv("TEMP")) == NULL)
	env = ".";
    if (*env == '\0')		/* null string means "." */
      env = ".";
    ptr = fname;		/* copy name to fname */
    while (*env != '\0')
      *ptr++ = *env++;
    if (ptr[-1] != '\\' && ptr[-1] != '/')
      *ptr++ = '\\';		/* append backslash if not in env variable */
    /* Append a suitable file name */
    next_file_num++;		/* advance counter */
    sprintf(ptr, "JPG%03d.TMP", next_file_num);
    /* Probe to see if file name is already in use */
    if ((tfile = fopen(fname, READ_BINARY)) == NULL)
      break;
    fclose(tfile);		/* oops, it's there; close tfile & try again */
  }
}


/*
 * Near-memory allocation and freeing are controlled by the regular library
 * routines malloc() and free().
 */

GLOBAL void *
jget_small (size_t sizeofobject)
{
  /* near data space is NOT counted in total_used */
#ifndef NEED_FAR_POINTERS
  total_used += sizeofobject;
#endif
  return (void *) malloc(sizeofobject);
}

GLOBAL void
jfree_small (void * object)
{
  free(object);
}


/*
 * Far-memory allocation and freeing
 */

#ifdef NEED_FAR_POINTERS

GLOBAL void FAR *
jget_large (size_t sizeofobject)
{
  total_used += sizeofobject;
  return (void FAR *) far_malloc(sizeofobject);
}

GLOBAL void
jfree_large (void FAR * object)
{
  far_free(object);
}

#endif


/*
 * This routine computes the total memory space available for allocation.
 * It's impossible to do this in a portable way; our current solution is
 * to make the user tell us (with a default value set at compile time).
 * If you can actually get the available space, it's a good idea to subtract
 * a slop factor of 5% or so.
 */

#ifndef DEFAULT_MAX_MEM		/* so can override from makefile */
#define DEFAULT_MAX_MEM		300000L /* for total usage about 450K */
#endif

GLOBAL long
jmem_available (long min_bytes_needed, long max_bytes_needed)
{
  return methods->max_memory_to_use - total_used;
}


/*
 * Backing store (temporary file) management.
 * Backing store objects are only used when the value returned by
 * jmem_available is less than the total space needed.  You can dispense
 * with these routines if you have plenty of virtual memory; see jmemnobs.c.
 */

/*
 * For MS-DOS we support three types of backing storage:
 *   1. Conventional DOS files.  We access these by direct DOS calls rather
 *      than via the stdio package.  This provides a bit better performance,
 *      but the real reason is that the buffers to be read or written are FAR.
 *      The stdio library for small-data memory models can't cope with that.
 *   2. Extended memory, accessed per the XMS V2.0 specification.
 *   3. Expanded memory, accessed per the LIM/EMS 4.0 specification.
 * You'll need copies of those specs to make sense of the related code.
 * The specs are available by Internet FTP from SIMTEL20 and its various
 * mirror sites; see microsoft/xms20.arc and info/limems41.zip.
 */


/*
 * Access methods for a DOS file.
 */


METHODDEF void
read_file_store (backing_store_ptr info, void FAR * buffer_address,
		 long file_offset, long byte_count)
{
  if (jdos_seek(info->handle.file_handle, file_offset))
    ERREXIT(methods, "seek failed on temporary file");
  /* Since MAX_ALLOC_CHUNK is less than 64K, byte_count will be too. */
  if (byte_count > 65535L)	/* safety check */
    ERREXIT(methods, "MAX_ALLOC_CHUNK should be less than 64K");
  if (jdos_read(info->handle.file_handle, buffer_address,
		(unsigned short) byte_count))
    ERREXIT(methods, "read failed on temporary file");
}


METHODDEF void
write_file_store (backing_store_ptr info, void FAR * buffer_address,
		  long file_offset, long byte_count)
{
  if (jdos_seek(info->handle.file_handle, file_offset))
    ERREXIT(methods, "seek failed on temporary file");
  /* Since MAX_ALLOC_CHUNK is less than 64K, byte_count will be too. */
  if (byte_count > 65535L)	/* safety check */
    ERREXIT(methods, "MAX_ALLOC_CHUNK should be less than 64K");
  if (jdos_write(info->handle.file_handle, buffer_address,
		 (unsigned short) byte_count))
    ERREXIT(methods, "write failed on temporary file --- out of disk space?");
}


METHODDEF void
close_file_store (backing_store_ptr info)
{
  jdos_close(info->handle.file_handle);	/* close the file */
  remove(info->temp_name);	/* delete the file */
/* If your system doesn't have remove(), try unlink() instead.
 * remove() is the ANSI-standard name for this function, but
 * unlink() was more common in pre-ANSI systems.
 */
  TRACEMS1(methods, 1, "Closed DOS file %d", info->handle.file_handle);
}


LOCAL boolean
open_file_store (backing_store_ptr info, long total_bytes_needed)
{
  short handle;
  char tracemsg[TEMP_NAME_LENGTH+40];

  select_file_name(info->temp_name);
  if (jdos_open((short far *) & handle, (char far *) info->temp_name)) {
    /* hack to get around TRACEMS' inability to handle string parameters */
    sprintf(tracemsg, "Failed to create temporary file %s", info->temp_name);
    ERREXIT(methods, tracemsg);	/* jopen_backing_store will fail anyway */
    return FALSE;
  }
  info->handle.file_handle = handle;
  info->read_backing_store = read_file_store;
  info->write_backing_store = write_file_store;
  info->close_backing_store = close_file_store;
  /* hack to get around TRACEMS' inability to handle string parameters */
  sprintf(tracemsg, "Opened DOS file %d  %s", handle, info->temp_name);
  TRACEMS(methods, 1, tracemsg);
  return TRUE;			/* succeeded */
}


/*
 * Access methods for extended memory.
 */

#if XMS_SUPPORTED

static XMSDRIVER xms_driver;	/* saved address of XMS driver */

typedef union {			/* either long offset or real-mode pointer */
	long offset;
	void far * ptr;
      } XMSPTR;

typedef struct {		/* XMS move specification structure */
	long length;
	XMSH src_handle;
	XMSPTR src;
	XMSH dst_handle;
	XMSPTR dst;
      } XMSspec;

#define ODD(X)	(((X) & 1L) != 0)


METHODDEF void
read_xms_store (backing_store_ptr info, void FAR * buffer_address,
		long file_offset, long byte_count)
{
  XMScontext ctx;
  XMSspec spec;
  char endbuffer[2];

  /* The XMS driver can't cope with an odd length, so handle the last byte
   * specially if byte_count is odd.  We don't expect this to be common.
   */

  spec.length = byte_count & (~ 1L);
  spec.src_handle = info->handle.xms_handle;
  spec.src.offset = file_offset;
  spec.dst_handle = 0;
  spec.dst.ptr = buffer_address;
  
  ctx.ds_si = (void far *) & spec;
  ctx.ax = 0x0b00;		/* EMB move */
  jxms_calldriver(xms_driver, (XMScontext far *) & ctx);
  if (ctx.ax != 1)
    ERREXIT(methods, "read from extended memory failed");

  if (ODD(byte_count)) {
    read_xms_store(info, (void FAR *) endbuffer,
		   file_offset + byte_count - 1L, 2L);
    ((char FAR *) buffer_address)[byte_count - 1L] = endbuffer[0];
  }
}


METHODDEF void
write_xms_store (backing_store_ptr info, void FAR * buffer_address,
		 long file_offset, long byte_count)
{
  XMScontext ctx;
  XMSspec spec;
  char endbuffer[2];

  /* The XMS driver can't cope with an odd length, so handle the last byte
   * specially if byte_count is odd.  We don't expect this to be common.
   */

  spec.length = byte_count & (~ 1L);
  spec.src_handle = 0;
  spec.src.ptr = buffer_address;
  spec.dst_handle = info->handle.xms_handle;
  spec.dst.offset = file_offset;

  ctx.ds_si = (void far *) & spec;
  ctx.ax = 0x0b00;		/* EMB move */
  jxms_calldriver(xms_driver, (XMScontext far *) & ctx);
  if (ctx.ax != 1)
    ERREXIT(methods, "write to extended memory failed");

  if (ODD(byte_count)) {
    read_xms_store(info, (void FAR *) endbuffer,
		   file_offset + byte_count - 1L, 2L);
    endbuffer[0] = ((char FAR *) buffer_address)[byte_count - 1L];
    write_xms_store(info, (void FAR *) endbuffer,
		    file_offset + byte_count - 1L, 2L);
  }
}


METHODDEF void
close_xms_store (backing_store_ptr info)
{
  XMScontext ctx;

  ctx.dx = info->handle.xms_handle;
  ctx.ax = 0x0a00;
  jxms_calldriver(xms_driver, (XMScontext far *) & ctx);
  TRACEMS1(methods, 1, "Freed XMS handle %u", info->handle.xms_handle);
  /* we ignore any error return from the driver */
}


LOCAL boolean
open_xms_store (backing_store_ptr info, long total_bytes_needed)
{
  XMScontext ctx;

  /* Get address of XMS driver */
  jxms_getdriver((XMSDRIVER far *) & xms_driver);
  if (xms_driver == NULL)
    return FALSE;		/* no driver to be had */

  /* Get version number, must be >= 2.00 */
  ctx.ax = 0x0000;
  jxms_calldriver(xms_driver, (XMScontext far *) & ctx);
  if (ctx.ax < (unsigned short) 0x0200)
    return FALSE;

  /* Try to get space (expressed in kilobytes) */
  ctx.dx = (unsigned short) ((total_bytes_needed + 1023L) >> 10);
  ctx.ax = 0x0900;
  jxms_calldriver(xms_driver, (XMScontext far *) & ctx);
  if (ctx.ax != 1)
    return FALSE;

  /* Succeeded, save the handle and away we go */
  info->handle.xms_handle = ctx.dx;
  info->read_backing_store = read_xms_store;
  info->write_backing_store = write_xms_store;
  info->close_backing_store = close_xms_store;
  TRACEMS1(methods, 1, "Obtained XMS handle %u", ctx.dx);
  return TRUE;			/* succeeded */
}

#endif /* XMS_SUPPORTED */


/*
 * Access methods for expanded memory.
 */

#if EMS_SUPPORTED

typedef union {			/* either offset/page or real-mode pointer */
	struct { unsigned short offset, page; } ems;
	void far * ptr;
      } EMSPTR;

typedef struct {		/* EMS move specification structure */
	long length;
	char src_type;		/* 1 = EMS, 0 = conventional memory */
	EMSH src_handle;	/* use 0 if conventional memory */
	EMSPTR src;
	char dst_type;
	EMSH dst_handle;
	EMSPTR dst;
      } EMSspec;

#define EMSPAGESIZE	16384L	/* gospel, see the EMS specs */

#define HIBYTE(W)  (((W) >> 8) & 0xFF)
#define LOBYTE(W)  ((W) & 0xFF)


METHODDEF void
read_ems_store (backing_store_ptr info, void FAR * buffer_address,
		long file_offset, long byte_count)
{
  EMScontext ctx;
  EMSspec spec;

  spec.length = byte_count;
  spec.src_type = 1;
  spec.src_handle = info->handle.ems_handle;
  spec.src.ems.page = (unsigned short) (file_offset / EMSPAGESIZE);
  spec.src.ems.offset = (unsigned short) (file_offset % EMSPAGESIZE);
  spec.dst_type = 0;
  spec.dst_handle = 0;
  spec.dst.ptr = buffer_address;
  
  ctx.ds_si = (void far *) & spec;
  ctx.ax = 0x5700;		/* move memory region */
  jems_calldriver((EMScontext far *) & ctx);
  if (HIBYTE(ctx.ax) != 0)
    ERREXIT(methods, "read from expanded memory failed");
}


METHODDEF void
write_ems_store (backing_store_ptr info, void FAR * buffer_address,
		 long file_offset, long byte_count)
{
  EMScontext ctx;
  EMSspec spec;

  spec.length = byte_count;
  spec.src_type = 0;
  spec.src_handle = 0;
  spec.src.ptr = buffer_address;
  spec.dst_type = 1;
  spec.dst_handle = info->handle.ems_handle;
  spec.dst.ems.page = (unsigned short) (file_offset / EMSPAGESIZE);
  spec.dst.ems.offset = (unsigned short) (file_offset % EMSPAGESIZE);
  
  ctx.ds_si = (void far *) & spec;
  ctx.ax = 0x5700;		/* move memory region */
  jems_calldriver((EMScontext far *) & ctx);
  if (HIBYTE(ctx.ax) != 0)
    ERREXIT(methods, "write to expanded memory failed");
}


METHODDEF void
close_ems_store (backing_store_ptr info)
{
  EMScontext ctx;

  ctx.ax = 0x4500;
  ctx.dx = info->handle.ems_handle;
  jems_calldriver((EMScontext far *) & ctx);
  TRACEMS1(methods, 1, "Freed EMS handle %u", info->handle.ems_handle);
  /* we ignore any error return from the driver */
}


LOCAL boolean
open_ems_store (backing_store_ptr info, long total_bytes_needed)
{
  EMScontext ctx;

  /* Is EMS driver there? */
  if (! jems_available())
    return FALSE;

  /* Get status, make sure EMS is OK */
  ctx.ax = 0x4000;
  jems_calldriver((EMScontext far *) & ctx);
  if (HIBYTE(ctx.ax) != 0)
    return FALSE;

  /* Get version, must be >= 4.0 */
  ctx.ax = 0x4600;
  jems_calldriver((EMScontext far *) & ctx);
  if (HIBYTE(ctx.ax) != 0 || LOBYTE(ctx.ax) < 0x40)
    return FALSE;

  /* Try to allocate requested space */
  ctx.ax = 0x4300;
  ctx.bx = (unsigned short) ((total_bytes_needed + EMSPAGESIZE-1L) / EMSPAGESIZE);
  jems_calldriver((EMScontext far *) & ctx);
  if (HIBYTE(ctx.ax) != 0)
    return FALSE;

  /* Succeeded, save the handle and away we go */
  info->handle.ems_handle = ctx.dx;
  info->read_backing_store = read_ems_store;
  info->write_backing_store = write_ems_store;
  info->close_backing_store = close_ems_store;
  TRACEMS1(methods, 1, "Obtained EMS handle %u", ctx.dx);
  return TRUE;			/* succeeded */
}

#endif /* EMS_SUPPORTED */


/*
 * Initial opening of a backing-store object.
 */

GLOBAL void
jopen_backing_store (backing_store_ptr info, long total_bytes_needed)
{
  /* Try extended memory, then expanded memory, then regular file. */
#if XMS_SUPPORTED
  if (open_xms_store(info, total_bytes_needed))
    return;
#endif
#if EMS_SUPPORTED
  if (open_ems_store(info, total_bytes_needed))
    return;
#endif
  if (open_file_store(info, total_bytes_needed))
    return;
  ERREXIT(methods, "Failed to create temporary file");
}


/*
 * These routines take care of any system-dependent initialization and
 * cleanup required.  Keep in mind that jmem_term may be called more than
 * once.
 */

GLOBAL void
jmem_init (external_methods_ptr emethods)
{
  methods = emethods;		/* save struct addr for error exit access */
  emethods->max_memory_to_use = DEFAULT_MAX_MEM;
  total_used = 0;
  next_file_num = 0;
}

GLOBAL void
jmem_term (void)
{
  /* no work */
}