Update Linux CI and RBE Docker images to LLVM 23.1.3 and GCC 16.2.0.

Migrate Abseil and TCMalloc GitHub Actions workflows and RBE platform targets to the latest oss-linux Docker images built with LLVM 23.1.3, GCC 16.2.0, and Bazelisk 1.29.0.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 1000634850
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 768f1ca..15f6c95 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
       os: ubuntu-24.04${{ matrix.config.arch_suffix }}
       toolchain: ${{ matrix.config.toolchain }}
       remote_config: remote${{ matrix.config.arch_suffix }}
-      container_image: gcr.io/google.com/absl-177019/gloop-linux-toolchain-latest@sha256:a820c79d3f356a64db121a4ee16c4408df18f9d2c8bf6c6abfae21666ac003ba
+      container_image: gcr.io/google.com/absl-177019/oss-linux-toolchain-latest@sha256:8dfd8bff496cce2b3aaa5d2f1b63ebb6790f2bc78a02cdc0ca9898372fbc38f3
       alternate_options: ${{ matrix.config.alternate_options || false }}
       stds: ${{ matrix.config.stds || '["c++17", "c++20", "c++23"]' }}
       compilation_modes: ${{ matrix.config.compilation_modes || '["opt", "fastbuild"]' }}
diff --git a/absl/base/exception_safety_testing_test.cc b/absl/base/exception_safety_testing_test.cc
index 24b12d4..9aa4dce 100644
--- a/absl/base/exception_safety_testing_test.cc
+++ b/absl/base/exception_safety_testing_test.cc
@@ -842,7 +842,7 @@
     return true;
   }
 
-  static unsigned char successes;
+  static unsigned char successes [[maybe_unused]];
 };
 
 struct {
diff --git a/absl/base/internal/low_level_alloc_test.cc b/absl/base/internal/low_level_alloc_test.cc
index 2f3a3fd..4cf469d 100644
--- a/absl/base/internal/low_level_alloc_test.cc
+++ b/absl/base/internal/low_level_alloc_test.cc
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 
 // Use to indicate to the malloc hooks that
 // this calls is from LowLevelAlloc.
-static bool using_low_level_alloc = false;
+static bool using_low_level_alloc [[maybe_unused]] = false;
 
 // n times, toss a coin, and based on the outcome
 // either allocate a new block or deallocate an old block.
diff --git a/absl/debugging/symbolize_test.cc b/absl/debugging/symbolize_test.cc
index 8fcdb84..9ee0abd 100644
--- a/absl/debugging/symbolize_test.cc
+++ b/absl/debugging/symbolize_test.cc
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@
 // to optimize away the .data section if no variables live in the
 // section. This variable should get placed in the .data section, and
 // the test below checks for the existence of a .data section.
-static int in_data_section = 1;
+static int in_data_section [[maybe_unused]] = 1;
 
 TEST(Symbolize, ForEachSection) {
   int fd;
diff --git a/absl/flags/flag_test.cc b/absl/flags/flag_test.cc
index 1d6a496..5cacf64 100644
--- a/absl/flags/flag_test.cc
+++ b/absl/flags/flag_test.cc
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@
       default;
   ~NonTriviallyCopyableUDT() { s_num_instance--; }
 
-  static uint64_t s_num_instance;
+  static uint64_t s_num_instance [[maybe_unused]];
   char c;
 };
 
diff --git a/ci/BUILD.bazel b/ci/BUILD.bazel
index 607a356..f8a7e58 100644
--- a/ci/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/ci/BUILD.bazel
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
     exec_properties = {
         "OSArch": "amd64",
         "cache-silo-key": "n2-highcpu-2-2026-10-14",
-        "container-image": "docker://gcr.io/google.com/absl-177019/gloop-linux-latest@sha256:e199623ad0b61b30d240e8bbddf473f65cb1a11da09462001d83b5066dbd9e98",
+        "container-image": "docker://gcr.io/google.com/absl-177019/oss-linux-latest@sha256:fd9e2ce179533e027466d47157a7581aec99de5a72b46ac43165a5d58855d3ba",
         "dockerRunAsRoot": "true",
     },
 )
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
     exec_properties = {
         "OSArch": "arm64",
         "cache-silo-key": "t2a-standard-4-2026-10-14",
-        "container-image": "docker://gcr.io/google.com/absl-177019/gloop-linux-latest@sha256:e199623ad0b61b30d240e8bbddf473f65cb1a11da09462001d83b5066dbd9e98",
+        "container-image": "docker://gcr.io/google.com/absl-177019/oss-linux-latest@sha256:fd9e2ce179533e027466d47157a7581aec99de5a72b46ac43165a5d58855d3ba",
         "dockerRunAsRoot": "true",
     },
 )