#ifndef XBYAK_XBYAK_UTIL_H_
#define XBYAK_XBYAK_UTIL_H_

/**
	utility class and functions for Xbyak
	Xbyak::util::Clock ; rdtsc timer
	Xbyak::util::Cpu ; detect CPU
	@note this header is UNDER CONSTRUCTION!
*/
#include "xbyak.h"

#ifdef _MSC_VER
	#if (_MSC_VER < 1400) && defined(XBYAK32)
		static inline __declspec(naked) void __cpuid(int[4], int)
		{
			__asm {
				push	ebx
				push	esi
				mov		eax, dword ptr [esp + 4 * 2 + 8] // eaxIn
				cpuid
				mov		esi, dword ptr [esp + 4 * 2 + 4] // data
				mov		dword ptr [esi], eax
				mov		dword ptr [esi + 4], ebx
				mov		dword ptr [esi + 8], ecx
				mov		dword ptr [esi + 12], edx
				pop		esi
				pop		ebx
				ret
			}
		}
	#else
		#include <intrin.h> // for __cpuid
	#endif
#else
	#ifndef __GNUC_PREREQ
    	#define __GNUC_PREREQ(major, minor) ((((__GNUC__) << 16) + (__GNUC_MINOR__)) >= (((major) << 16) + (minor)))
	#endif
	#if __GNUC_PREREQ(4, 3) && !defined(__APPLE__)
		#include <cpuid.h>
	#else
		#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(XBYAK32) // avoid err : can't find a register in class `BREG' while reloading `asm'
			#define __cpuid(eaxIn, a, b, c, d) __asm__ __volatile__("pushl %%ebx\ncpuid\nmovl %%ebp, %%esi\npopl %%ebx" : "=a"(a), "=S"(b), "=c"(c), "=d"(d) : "0"(eaxIn))
			#define __cpuid_count(eaxIn, ecxIn, a, b, c, d) __asm__ __volatile__("pushl %%ebx\ncpuid\nmovl %%ebp, %%esi\npopl %%ebx" : "=a"(a), "=S"(b), "=c"(c), "=d"(d) : "0"(eaxIn), "2"(ecxIn))
		#else
			#define __cpuid(eaxIn, a, b, c, d) __asm__ __volatile__("cpuid\n" : "=a"(a), "=b"(b), "=c"(c), "=d"(d) : "0"(eaxIn))
			#define __cpuid_count(eaxIn, ecxIn, a, b, c, d) __asm__ __volatile__("cpuid\n" : "=a"(a), "=b"(b), "=c"(c), "=d"(d) : "0"(eaxIn), "2"(ecxIn))
		#endif
	#endif
#endif

namespace Xbyak { namespace util {

typedef enum {
   SmtLevel = 1,
   CoreLevel = 2
} IntelCpuTopologyLevel;

/**
	CPU detection class
*/
class Cpu {
	uint64 type_;
	//system topology
	bool x2APIC_supported_;
	static const size_t maxTopologyLevels = 2;
	unsigned int numCores_[maxTopologyLevels];

	static const unsigned int maxNumberCacheLevels = 10;
	unsigned int dataCacheSize_[maxNumberCacheLevels];
	unsigned int coresSharignDataCache_[maxNumberCacheLevels];
	unsigned int dataCacheLevels_;

	unsigned int get32bitAsBE(const char *x) const
	{
		return x[0] | (x[1] << 8) | (x[2] << 16) | (x[3] << 24);
	}
	unsigned int mask(int n) const
	{
		return (1U << n) - 1;
	}
	void setFamily()
	{
		unsigned int data[4];
		getCpuid(1, data);
		stepping = data[0] & mask(4);
		model = (data[0] >> 4) & mask(4);
		family = (data[0] >> 8) & mask(4);
		// type = (data[0] >> 12) & mask(2);
		extModel = (data[0] >> 16) & mask(4);
		extFamily = (data[0] >> 20) & mask(8);
		if (family == 0x0f) {
			displayFamily = family + extFamily;
		} else {
			displayFamily = family;
		}
		if (family == 6 || family == 0x0f) {
			displayModel = (extModel << 4) + model;
		} else {
			displayModel = model;
		}
	}
	unsigned int extractBit(unsigned int val, unsigned int base, unsigned int end)
	{
		return (val >> base) & ((1u << (end - base)) - 1);
	}
	void setNumCores()
	{
		if ((type_ & tINTEL) == 0) return;

		unsigned int data[4];

		 /* CAUTION: These numbers are configuration as shipped by Intel. */
		getCpuidEx(0x0, 0, data);
		if (data[0] >= 0xB) {
			 /*
				if leaf 11 exists(x2APIC is supported),
				we use it to get the number of smt cores and cores on socket

				leaf 0xB can be zeroed-out by a hypervisor
			*/
			x2APIC_supported_ = true;
			for (unsigned int i = 0; i < maxTopologyLevels; i++) {
				getCpuidEx(0xB, i, data);
				IntelCpuTopologyLevel level = (IntelCpuTopologyLevel)extractBit(data[2], 8, 15);
				if (level == SmtLevel || level == CoreLevel) {
					numCores_[level - 1] = extractBit(data[1], 0, 15);
				}
			}
			if (numCores_[SmtLevel - 1] != 0) {
				numCores_[CoreLevel - 1] /= numCores_[SmtLevel - 1];
			}
		} else {
			/*
				Failed to deremine num of cores without x2APIC support.
				TODO: USE initial APIC ID to determine ncores.
			*/
			numCores_[SmtLevel - 1] = 0;
			numCores_[CoreLevel - 1] = 0;
		}

	}
	void setCacheHierarchy()
	{
		if ((type_ & tINTEL) == 0) return;
		const unsigned int NO_CACHE = 0;
		const unsigned int DATA_CACHE = 1;
//		const unsigned int INSTRUCTION_CACHE = 2;
		const unsigned int UNIFIED_CACHE = 3;
		unsigned int smt_width = 0;
		unsigned int logical_cores = 0;
		unsigned int data[4];

		if (x2APIC_supported_) {
			smt_width = numCores_[0];
			logical_cores = numCores_[1];
		}

		/*
			Assumptions:
			the first level of data cache is not shared (which is the
			case for every existing architecture) and use this to
			determine the SMT width for arch not supporting leaf 11.
			when leaf 4 reports a number of core less than numCores_
			on socket reported by leaf 11, then it is a correct number
			of cores not an upperbound.
		*/
		for (int i = 0; dataCacheLevels_ < maxNumberCacheLevels; i++) {
			getCpuidEx(0x4, i, data);
			unsigned int cacheType = extractBit(data[0], 0, 4);
			if (cacheType == NO_CACHE) break;
			if (cacheType == DATA_CACHE || cacheType == UNIFIED_CACHE) {
				unsigned int actual_logical_cores = extractBit(data[0], 14, 25) + 1;
				if (logical_cores != 0) { // true only if leaf 0xB is supported and valid
					actual_logical_cores = (std::min)(actual_logical_cores, logical_cores);
				}
				assert(actual_logical_cores != 0);
				dataCacheSize_[dataCacheLevels_] =
					(extractBit(data[1], 22, 31) + 1)
					* (extractBit(data[1], 12, 21) + 1)
					* (extractBit(data[1], 0, 11) + 1)
					* (data[2] + 1);
				if (cacheType == DATA_CACHE && smt_width == 0) smt_width = actual_logical_cores;
				assert(smt_width != 0);
				coresSharignDataCache_[dataCacheLevels_] = (std::max)(actual_logical_cores / smt_width, 1u);
				dataCacheLevels_++;
			}
		}
	}

public:
	int model;
	int family;
	int stepping;
	int extModel;
	int extFamily;
	int displayFamily; // family + extFamily
	int displayModel; // model + extModel

	unsigned int getNumCores(IntelCpuTopologyLevel level) {
		if (level != SmtLevel && level != CoreLevel) throw Error(ERR_BAD_PARAMETER);
		if (!x2APIC_supported_) throw Error(ERR_X2APIC_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED);
		return numCores_[level - 1];
	}

	unsigned int getDataCacheLevels() const { return dataCacheLevels_; }
	unsigned int getCoresSharingDataCache(unsigned int i) const
	{
		if (i >= dataCacheLevels_) throw  Error(ERR_BAD_PARAMETER);
		return coresSharignDataCache_[i];
	}
	unsigned int getDataCacheSize(unsigned int i) const
	{
		if (i >= dataCacheLevels_) throw  Error(ERR_BAD_PARAMETER);
		return dataCacheSize_[i];
	}

	/*
		data[] = { eax, ebx, ecx, edx }
	*/
	static inline void getCpuid(unsigned int eaxIn, unsigned int data[4])
	{
#ifdef _MSC_VER
		__cpuid(reinterpret_cast<int*>(data), eaxIn);
#else
		__cpuid(eaxIn, data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3]);
#endif
	}
	static inline void getCpuidEx(unsigned int eaxIn, unsigned int ecxIn, unsigned int data[4])
	{
#ifdef _MSC_VER
		__cpuidex(reinterpret_cast<int*>(data), eaxIn, ecxIn);
#else
		__cpuid_count(eaxIn, ecxIn, data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3]);
#endif
	}
	static inline uint64 getXfeature()
	{
#ifdef _MSC_VER
		return _xgetbv(0);
#else
		unsigned int eax, edx;
		// xgetvb is not support on gcc 4.2
//		__asm__ volatile("xgetbv" : "=a"(eax), "=d"(edx) : "c"(0));
		__asm__ volatile(".byte 0x0f, 0x01, 0xd0" : "=a"(eax), "=d"(edx) : "c"(0));
		return ((uint64)edx << 32) | eax;
#endif
	}
	typedef uint64 Type;

	static const Type NONE = 0;
	static const Type tMMX = 1 << 0;
	static const Type tMMX2 = 1 << 1;
	static const Type tCMOV = 1 << 2;
	static const Type tSSE = 1 << 3;
	static const Type tSSE2 = 1 << 4;
	static const Type tSSE3 = 1 << 5;
	static const Type tSSSE3 = 1 << 6;
	static const Type tSSE41 = 1 << 7;
	static const Type tSSE42 = 1 << 8;
	static const Type tPOPCNT = 1 << 9;
	static const Type tAESNI = 1 << 10;
	static const Type tSSE5 = 1 << 11;
	static const Type tOSXSAVE = 1 << 12;
	static const Type tPCLMULQDQ = 1 << 13;
	static const Type tAVX = 1 << 14;
	static const Type tFMA = 1 << 15;

	static const Type t3DN = 1 << 16;
	static const Type tE3DN = 1 << 17;
	static const Type tSSE4a = 1 << 18;
	static const Type tRDTSCP = 1 << 19;
	static const Type tAVX2 = 1 << 20;
	static const Type tBMI1 = 1 << 21; // andn, bextr, blsi, blsmsk, blsr, tzcnt
	static const Type tBMI2 = 1 << 22; // bzhi, mulx, pdep, pext, rorx, sarx, shlx, shrx
	static const Type tLZCNT = 1 << 23;

	static const Type tINTEL = 1 << 24;
	static const Type tAMD = 1 << 25;

	static const Type tENHANCED_REP = 1 << 26; // enhanced rep movsb/stosb
	static const Type tRDRAND = 1 << 27;
	static const Type tADX = 1 << 28; // adcx, adox
	static const Type tRDSEED = 1 << 29; // rdseed
	static const Type tSMAP = 1 << 30; // stac
	static const Type tHLE = uint64(1) << 31; // xacquire, xrelease, xtest
	static const Type tRTM = uint64(1) << 32; // xbegin, xend, xabort
	static const Type tF16C = uint64(1) << 33; // vcvtph2ps, vcvtps2ph
	static const Type tMOVBE = uint64(1) << 34; // mobve
	static const Type tAVX512F = uint64(1) << 35;
	static const Type tAVX512DQ = uint64(1) << 36;
	static const Type tAVX512_IFMA = uint64(1) << 37;
	static const Type tAVX512IFMA = tAVX512_IFMA;
	static const Type tAVX512PF = uint64(1) << 38;
	static const Type tAVX512ER = uint64(1) << 39;
	static const Type tAVX512CD = uint64(1) << 40;
	static const Type tAVX512BW = uint64(1) << 41;
	static const Type tAVX512VL = uint64(1) << 42;
	static const Type tAVX512_VBMI = uint64(1) << 43;
	static const Type tAVX512VBMI = tAVX512_VBMI; // changed by Intel's manual
	static const Type tAVX512_4VNNIW = uint64(1) << 44;
	static const Type tAVX512_4FMAPS = uint64(1) << 45;
	static const Type tPREFETCHWT1 = uint64(1) << 46;
	static const Type tPREFETCHW = uint64(1) << 47;
	static const Type tSHA = uint64(1) << 48;
	static const Type tMPX = uint64(1) << 49;
	static const Type tAVX512_VBMI2 = uint64(1) << 50;
	static const Type tGFNI = uint64(1) << 51;
	static const Type tVAES = uint64(1) << 52;
	static const Type tVPCLMULQDQ = uint64(1) << 53;
	static const Type tAVX512_VNNI = uint64(1) << 54;
	static const Type tAVX512_BITALG = uint64(1) << 55;
	static const Type tAVX512_VPOPCNTDQ = uint64(1) << 56;

	Cpu()
		: type_(NONE)
		, x2APIC_supported_(false)
		, numCores_()
		, dataCacheSize_()
		, coresSharignDataCache_()
		, dataCacheLevels_(0)
	{
		unsigned int data[4];
		const unsigned int& EAX = data[0];
		const unsigned int& EBX = data[1];
		const unsigned int& ECX = data[2];
		const unsigned int& EDX = data[3];
		getCpuid(0, data);
		const unsigned int maxNum = EAX;
		static const char intel[] = "ntel";
		static const char amd[] = "cAMD";
		if (ECX == get32bitAsBE(amd)) {
			type_ |= tAMD;
			getCpuid(0x80000001, data);
			if (EDX & (1U << 31)) type_ |= t3DN;
			if (EDX & (1U << 15)) type_ |= tCMOV;
			if (EDX & (1U << 30)) type_ |= tE3DN;
			if (EDX & (1U << 22)) type_ |= tMMX2;
			if (EDX & (1U << 27)) type_ |= tRDTSCP;
		}
		if (ECX == get32bitAsBE(intel)) {
			type_ |= tINTEL;
			getCpuid(0x80000001, data);
			if (EDX & (1U << 27)) type_ |= tRDTSCP;
			if (ECX & (1U << 5)) type_ |= tLZCNT;
			if (ECX & (1U << 8)) type_ |= tPREFETCHW;
		}
		getCpuid(1, data);
		if (ECX & (1U << 0)) type_ |= tSSE3;
		if (ECX & (1U << 9)) type_ |= tSSSE3;
		if (ECX & (1U << 19)) type_ |= tSSE41;
		if (ECX & (1U << 20)) type_ |= tSSE42;
		if (ECX & (1U << 22)) type_ |= tMOVBE;
		if (ECX & (1U << 23)) type_ |= tPOPCNT;
		if (ECX & (1U << 25)) type_ |= tAESNI;
		if (ECX & (1U << 1)) type_ |= tPCLMULQDQ;
		if (ECX & (1U << 27)) type_ |= tOSXSAVE;
		if (ECX & (1U << 30)) type_ |= tRDRAND;
		if (ECX & (1U << 29)) type_ |= tF16C;

		if (EDX & (1U << 15)) type_ |= tCMOV;
		if (EDX & (1U << 23)) type_ |= tMMX;
		if (EDX & (1U << 25)) type_ |= tMMX2 | tSSE;
		if (EDX & (1U << 26)) type_ |= tSSE2;

		if (type_ & tOSXSAVE) {
			// check XFEATURE_ENABLED_MASK[2:1] = '11b'
			uint64 bv = getXfeature();
			if ((bv & 6) == 6) {
				if (ECX & (1U << 28)) type_ |= tAVX;
				if (ECX & (1U << 12)) type_ |= tFMA;
				if (((bv >> 5) & 7) == 7) {
					getCpuidEx(7, 0, data);
					if (EBX & (1U << 16)) type_ |= tAVX512F;
					if (type_ & tAVX512F) {
						if (EBX & (1U << 17)) type_ |= tAVX512DQ;
						if (EBX & (1U << 21)) type_ |= tAVX512_IFMA;
						if (EBX & (1U << 26)) type_ |= tAVX512PF;
						if (EBX & (1U << 27)) type_ |= tAVX512ER;
						if (EBX & (1U << 28)) type_ |= tAVX512CD;
						if (EBX & (1U << 30)) type_ |= tAVX512BW;
						if (EBX & (1U << 31)) type_ |= tAVX512VL;
						if (ECX & (1U << 1)) type_ |= tAVX512_VBMI;
						if (ECX & (1U << 6)) type_ |= tAVX512_VBMI2;
						if (ECX & (1U << 8)) type_ |= tGFNI;
						if (ECX & (1U << 9)) type_ |= tVAES;
						if (ECX & (1U << 10)) type_ |= tVPCLMULQDQ;
						if (ECX & (1U << 11)) type_ |= tAVX512_VNNI;
						if (ECX & (1U << 12)) type_ |= tAVX512_BITALG;
						if (ECX & (1U << 14)) type_ |= tAVX512_VPOPCNTDQ;
						if (EDX & (1U << 2)) type_ |= tAVX512_4VNNIW;
						if (EDX & (1U << 3)) type_ |= tAVX512_4FMAPS;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		if (maxNum >= 7) {
			getCpuidEx(7, 0, data);
			if (type_ & tAVX && (EBX & (1U << 5))) type_ |= tAVX2;
			if (EBX & (1U << 3)) type_ |= tBMI1;
			if (EBX & (1U << 8)) type_ |= tBMI2;
			if (EBX & (1U << 9)) type_ |= tENHANCED_REP;
			if (EBX & (1U << 18)) type_ |= tRDSEED;
			if (EBX & (1U << 19)) type_ |= tADX;
			if (EBX & (1U << 20)) type_ |= tSMAP;
			if (EBX & (1U << 4)) type_ |= tHLE;
			if (EBX & (1U << 11)) type_ |= tRTM;
			if (EBX & (1U << 14)) type_ |= tMPX;
			if (EBX & (1U << 29)) type_ |= tSHA;
			if (ECX & (1U << 0)) type_ |= tPREFETCHWT1;
		}
		setFamily();
		setNumCores();
		setCacheHierarchy();
	}
	void putFamily() const
	{
		printf("family=%d, model=%X, stepping=%d, extFamily=%d, extModel=%X\n",
			family, model, stepping, extFamily, extModel);
		printf("display:family=%X, model=%X\n", displayFamily, displayModel);
	}
	bool has(Type type) const
	{
		return (type & type_) != 0;
	}
};

class Clock {
public:
	static inline uint64 getRdtsc()
	{
#ifdef _MSC_VER
		return __rdtsc();
#else
		unsigned int eax, edx;
		__asm__ volatile("rdtsc" : "=a"(eax), "=d"(edx));
		return ((uint64)edx << 32) | eax;
#endif
	}
	Clock()
		: clock_(0)
		, count_(0)
	{
	}
	void begin()
	{
		clock_ -= getRdtsc();
	}
	void end()
	{
		clock_ += getRdtsc();
		count_++;
	}
	int getCount() const { return count_; }
	uint64 getClock() const { return clock_; }
	void clear() { count_ = 0; clock_ = 0; }
private:
	uint64 clock_;
	int count_;
};

#ifdef XBYAK64
const int UseRCX = 1 << 6;
const int UseRDX = 1 << 7;

class Pack {
	static const size_t maxTblNum = 15;
	const Xbyak::Reg64 *tbl_[maxTblNum];
	size_t n_;
public:
	Pack() : tbl_(), n_(0) {}
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64 *tbl, size_t n) { init(tbl, n); }
	Pack(const Pack& rhs)
		: n_(rhs.n_)
	{
		for (size_t i = 0; i < n_; i++) tbl_[i] = rhs.tbl_[i];
	}
	Pack& operator=(const Pack& rhs)
	{
		n_ = rhs.n_;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < n_; i++) tbl_[i] = rhs.tbl_[i];
		return *this;
	}
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 1; tbl_[0] = &t0; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 2; tbl_[0] = &t0; tbl_[1] = &t1; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 3; tbl_[0] = &t0; tbl_[1] = &t1; tbl_[2] = &t2; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 4; tbl_[0] = &t0; tbl_[1] = &t1; tbl_[2] = &t2; tbl_[3] = &t3; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t4, const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 5; tbl_[0] = &t0; tbl_[1] = &t1; tbl_[2] = &t2; tbl_[3] = &t3; tbl_[4] = &t4; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t5, const Xbyak::Reg64& t4, const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 6; tbl_[0] = &t0; tbl_[1] = &t1; tbl_[2] = &t2; tbl_[3] = &t3; tbl_[4] = &t4; tbl_[5] = &t5; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t6, const Xbyak::Reg64& t5, const Xbyak::Reg64& t4, const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 7; tbl_[0] = &t0; tbl_[1] = &t1; tbl_[2] = &t2; tbl_[3] = &t3; tbl_[4] = &t4; tbl_[5] = &t5; tbl_[6] = &t6; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t7, const Xbyak::Reg64& t6, const Xbyak::Reg64& t5, const Xbyak::Reg64& t4, const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 8; tbl_[0] = &t0; tbl_[1] = &t1; tbl_[2] = &t2; tbl_[3] = &t3; tbl_[4] = &t4; tbl_[5] = &t5; tbl_[6] = &t6; tbl_[7] = &t7; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t8, const Xbyak::Reg64& t7, const Xbyak::Reg64& t6, const Xbyak::Reg64& t5, const Xbyak::Reg64& t4, const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 9; tbl_[0] = &t0; tbl_[1] = &t1; tbl_[2] = &t2; tbl_[3] = &t3; tbl_[4] = &t4; tbl_[5] = &t5; tbl_[6] = &t6; tbl_[7] = &t7; tbl_[8] = &t8; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t9, const Xbyak::Reg64& t8, const Xbyak::Reg64& t7, const Xbyak::Reg64& t6, const Xbyak::Reg64& t5, const Xbyak::Reg64& t4, const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 10; tbl_[0] = &t0; tbl_[1] = &t1; tbl_[2] = &t2; tbl_[3] = &t3; tbl_[4] = &t4; tbl_[5] = &t5; tbl_[6] = &t6; tbl_[7] = &t7; tbl_[8] = &t8; tbl_[9] = &t9; }
	Pack& append(const Xbyak::Reg64& t)
	{
		if (n_ == maxTblNum) {
			fprintf(stderr, "ERR Pack::can't append\n");
			throw Error(ERR_BAD_PARAMETER);
		}
		tbl_[n_++] = &t;
		return *this;
	}
	void init(const Xbyak::Reg64 *tbl, size_t n)
	{
		if (n > maxTblNum) {
			fprintf(stderr, "ERR Pack::init bad n=%d\n", (int)n);
			throw Error(ERR_BAD_PARAMETER);
		}
		n_ = n;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			tbl_[i] = &tbl[i];
		}
	}
	const Xbyak::Reg64& operator[](size_t n) const
	{
		if (n >= n_) {
			fprintf(stderr, "ERR Pack bad n=%d(%d)\n", (int)n, (int)n_);
			throw Error(ERR_BAD_PARAMETER);
		}
		return *tbl_[n];
	}
	size_t size() const { return n_; }
	/*
		get tbl[pos, pos + num)
	*/
	Pack sub(size_t pos, size_t num = size_t(-1)) const
	{
		if (num == size_t(-1)) num = n_ - pos;
		if (pos + num > n_) {
			fprintf(stderr, "ERR Pack::sub bad pos=%d, num=%d\n", (int)pos, (int)num);
			throw Error(ERR_BAD_PARAMETER);
		}
		Pack pack;
		pack.n_ = num;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i++) {
			pack.tbl_[i] = tbl_[pos + i];
		}
		return pack;
	}
	void put() const
	{
		for (size_t i = 0; i < n_; i++) {
			printf("%s ", tbl_[i]->toString());
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
};

class StackFrame {
#ifdef XBYAK64_WIN
	static const int noSaveNum = 6;
	static const int rcxPos = 0;
	static const int rdxPos = 1;
#else
	static const int noSaveNum = 8;
	static const int rcxPos = 3;
	static const int rdxPos = 2;
#endif
	static const int maxRegNum = 14; // maxRegNum = 16 - rsp - rax
	Xbyak::CodeGenerator *code_;
	int pNum_;
	int tNum_;
	bool useRcx_;
	bool useRdx_;
	int saveNum_;
	int P_;
	bool makeEpilog_;
	Xbyak::Reg64 pTbl_[4];
	Xbyak::Reg64 tTbl_[maxRegNum];
	Pack p_;
	Pack t_;
	StackFrame(const StackFrame&);
	void operator=(const StackFrame&);
public:
	const Pack& p;
	const Pack& t;
	/*
		make stack frame
		@param sf [in] this
		@param pNum [in] num of function parameter(0 <= pNum <= 4)
		@param tNum [in] num of temporary register(0 <= tNum, with UseRCX, UseRDX) #{pNum + tNum [+rcx] + [rdx]} <= 14
		@param stackSizeByte [in] local stack size
		@param makeEpilog [in] automatically call close() if true

		you can use
		rax
		gp0, ..., gp(pNum - 1)
		gt0, ..., gt(tNum-1)
		rcx if tNum & UseRCX
		rdx if tNum & UseRDX
		rsp[0..stackSizeByte - 1]
	*/
	StackFrame(Xbyak::CodeGenerator *code, int pNum, int tNum = 0, int stackSizeByte = 0, bool makeEpilog = true)
		: code_(code)
		, pNum_(pNum)
		, tNum_(tNum & ~(UseRCX | UseRDX))
		, useRcx_((tNum & UseRCX) != 0)
		, useRdx_((tNum & UseRDX) != 0)
		, saveNum_(0)
		, P_(0)
		, makeEpilog_(makeEpilog)
		, p(p_)
		, t(t_)
	{
		using namespace Xbyak;
		if (pNum < 0 || pNum > 4) throw Error(ERR_BAD_PNUM);
		const int allRegNum = pNum + tNum_ + (useRcx_ ? 1 : 0) + (useRdx_ ? 1 : 0);
		if (tNum_ < 0 || allRegNum > maxRegNum) throw Error(ERR_BAD_TNUM);
		const Reg64& _rsp = code->rsp;
		saveNum_ = (std::max)(0, allRegNum - noSaveNum);
		const int *tbl = getOrderTbl() + noSaveNum;
		for (int i = 0; i < saveNum_; i++) {
			code->push(Reg64(tbl[i]));
		}
		P_ = (stackSizeByte + 7) / 8;
		if (P_ > 0 && (P_ & 1) == (saveNum_ & 1)) P_++; // (rsp % 16) == 8, then increment P_ for 16 byte alignment
		P_ *= 8;
		if (P_ > 0) code->sub(_rsp, P_);
		int pos = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < pNum; i++) {
			pTbl_[i] = Xbyak::Reg64(getRegIdx(pos));
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < tNum_; i++) {
			tTbl_[i] = Xbyak::Reg64(getRegIdx(pos));
		}
		if (useRcx_ && rcxPos < pNum) code_->mov(code_->r10, code_->rcx);
		if (useRdx_ && rdxPos < pNum) code_->mov(code_->r11, code_->rdx);
		p_.init(pTbl_, pNum);
		t_.init(tTbl_, tNum_);
	}
	/*
		make epilog manually
		@param callRet [in] call ret() if true
	*/
	void close(bool callRet = true)
	{
		using namespace Xbyak;
		const Reg64& _rsp = code_->rsp;
		const int *tbl = getOrderTbl() + noSaveNum;
		if (P_ > 0) code_->add(_rsp, P_);
		for (int i = 0; i < saveNum_; i++) {
			code_->pop(Reg64(tbl[saveNum_ - 1 - i]));
		}

		if (callRet) code_->ret();
	}
	~StackFrame()
	{
		if (!makeEpilog_) return;
		try {
			close();
		} catch (std::exception& e) {
			printf("ERR:StackFrame %s\n", e.what());
			exit(1);
		}
	}
private:
	const int *getOrderTbl() const
	{
		using namespace Xbyak;
		static const int tbl[] = {
#ifdef XBYAK64_WIN
			Operand::RCX, Operand::RDX, Operand::R8, Operand::R9, Operand::R10, Operand::R11, Operand::RDI, Operand::RSI,
#else
			Operand::RDI, Operand::RSI, Operand::RDX, Operand::RCX, Operand::R8, Operand::R9, Operand::R10, Operand::R11,
#endif
			Operand::RBX, Operand::RBP, Operand::R12, Operand::R13, Operand::R14, Operand::R15
		};
		return &tbl[0];
	}
	int getRegIdx(int& pos) const
	{
		assert(pos < maxRegNum);
		using namespace Xbyak;
		const int *tbl = getOrderTbl();
		int r = tbl[pos++];
		if (useRcx_) {
			if (r == Operand::RCX) { return Operand::R10; }
			if (r == Operand::R10) { r = tbl[pos++]; }
		}
		if (useRdx_) {
			if (r == Operand::RDX) { return Operand::R11; }
			if (r == Operand::R11) { return tbl[pos++]; }
		}
		return r;
	}
};
#endif

} } // end of util
#endif