#ifndef XBYAK_XBYAK_UTIL_H_
#define XBYAK_XBYAK_UTIL_H_

#ifdef XBYAK_ONLY_CLASS_CPU
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <assert.h>
#ifndef XBYAK_THROW
	#define XBYAK_THROW(x) ;
	#define XBYAK_THROW_RET(x, y) return y;
#endif
#else
#include <string.h>

/**
	utility class and functions for Xbyak
	Xbyak::util::Clock ; rdtsc timer
	Xbyak::util::Cpu ; detect CPU
*/
#include "xbyak.h"
#endif // XBYAK_ONLY_CLASS_CPU

#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_X64)
	#define XBYAK_INTEL_CPU_SPECIFIC
#endif

#ifdef XBYAK_INTEL_CPU_SPECIFIC
#ifdef _WIN32
	#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1400) && defined(XBYAK32)
		static inline __declspec(naked) void __cpuid(int[4], int)
		{
			__asm {
				push	ebx
				push	esi
				mov		eax, dword ptr [esp + 4 * 2 + 8] // eaxIn
				cpuid
				mov		esi, dword ptr [esp + 4 * 2 + 4] // data
				mov		dword ptr [esi], eax
				mov		dword ptr [esi + 4], ebx
				mov		dword ptr [esi + 8], ecx
				mov		dword ptr [esi + 12], edx
				pop		esi
				pop		ebx
				ret
			}
		}
	#else
		#include <intrin.h> // for __cpuid
	#endif
#else
	#ifndef __GNUC_PREREQ
    	#define __GNUC_PREREQ(major, minor) ((((__GNUC__) << 16) + (__GNUC_MINOR__)) >= (((major) << 16) + (minor)))
	#endif
	#if __GNUC_PREREQ(4, 3) && !defined(__APPLE__)
		#include <cpuid.h>
	#else
		#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(XBYAK32) // avoid err : can't find a register in class `BREG' while reloading `asm'
			#define __cpuid(eaxIn, a, b, c, d) __asm__ __volatile__("pushl %%ebx\ncpuid\nmovl %%ebp, %%esi\npopl %%ebx" : "=a"(a), "=S"(b), "=c"(c), "=d"(d) : "0"(eaxIn))
			#define __cpuid_count(eaxIn, ecxIn, a, b, c, d) __asm__ __volatile__("pushl %%ebx\ncpuid\nmovl %%ebp, %%esi\npopl %%ebx" : "=a"(a), "=S"(b), "=c"(c), "=d"(d) : "0"(eaxIn), "2"(ecxIn))
		#else
			#define __cpuid(eaxIn, a, b, c, d) __asm__ __volatile__("cpuid\n" : "=a"(a), "=b"(b), "=c"(c), "=d"(d) : "0"(eaxIn))
			#define __cpuid_count(eaxIn, ecxIn, a, b, c, d) __asm__ __volatile__("cpuid\n" : "=a"(a), "=b"(b), "=c"(c), "=d"(d) : "0"(eaxIn), "2"(ecxIn))
		#endif
	#endif
#endif
#endif

#ifdef XBYAK_USE_VTUNE
	// -I /opt/intel/vtune_amplifier/include/ -L /opt/intel/vtune_amplifier/lib64 -ljitprofiling -ldl
	#include <jitprofiling.h>
	#ifdef _MSC_VER
		#pragma comment(lib, "libittnotify.lib")
	#endif
	#ifdef __linux__
		#include <dlfcn.h>
	#endif
#endif
#ifdef __linux__
	#define XBYAK_USE_PERF
#endif

namespace Xbyak { namespace util {

typedef enum {
   SmtLevel = 1,
   CoreLevel = 2
} IntelCpuTopologyLevel;

/**
	CPU detection class
*/
class Cpu {
	uint64_t type_;
	//system topology
	bool x2APIC_supported_;
	static const size_t maxTopologyLevels = 2;
	unsigned int numCores_[maxTopologyLevels];

	static const unsigned int maxNumberCacheLevels = 10;
	unsigned int dataCacheSize_[maxNumberCacheLevels];
	unsigned int coresSharignDataCache_[maxNumberCacheLevels];
	unsigned int dataCacheLevels_;

	unsigned int get32bitAsBE(const char *x) const
	{
		return x[0] | (x[1] << 8) | (x[2] << 16) | (x[3] << 24);
	}
	unsigned int mask(int n) const
	{
		return (1U << n) - 1;
	}
	void setFamily()
	{
		unsigned int data[4] = {};
		getCpuid(1, data);
		stepping = data[0] & mask(4);
		model = (data[0] >> 4) & mask(4);
		family = (data[0] >> 8) & mask(4);
		// type = (data[0] >> 12) & mask(2);
		extModel = (data[0] >> 16) & mask(4);
		extFamily = (data[0] >> 20) & mask(8);
		if (family == 0x0f) {
			displayFamily = family + extFamily;
		} else {
			displayFamily = family;
		}
		if (family == 6 || family == 0x0f) {
			displayModel = (extModel << 4) + model;
		} else {
			displayModel = model;
		}
	}
	unsigned int extractBit(unsigned int val, unsigned int base, unsigned int end)
	{
		return (val >> base) & ((1u << (end - base)) - 1);
	}
	void setNumCores()
	{
		if ((type_ & tINTEL) == 0) return;

		unsigned int data[4] = {};

		 /* CAUTION: These numbers are configuration as shipped by Intel. */
		getCpuidEx(0x0, 0, data);
		if (data[0] >= 0xB) {
			 /*
				if leaf 11 exists(x2APIC is supported),
				we use it to get the number of smt cores and cores on socket

				leaf 0xB can be zeroed-out by a hypervisor
			*/
			x2APIC_supported_ = true;
			for (unsigned int i = 0; i < maxTopologyLevels; i++) {
				getCpuidEx(0xB, i, data);
				IntelCpuTopologyLevel level = (IntelCpuTopologyLevel)extractBit(data[2], 8, 15);
				if (level == SmtLevel || level == CoreLevel) {
					numCores_[level - 1] = extractBit(data[1], 0, 15);
				}
			}
			/*
				Fallback values in case a hypervisor has 0xB leaf zeroed-out.
			*/
			numCores_[SmtLevel - 1] = (std::max)(1u, numCores_[SmtLevel - 1]);
			numCores_[CoreLevel - 1] = (std::max)(numCores_[SmtLevel - 1], numCores_[CoreLevel - 1]);
		} else {
			/*
				Failed to deremine num of cores without x2APIC support.
				TODO: USE initial APIC ID to determine ncores.
			*/
			numCores_[SmtLevel - 1] = 0;
			numCores_[CoreLevel - 1] = 0;
		}

	}
	void setCacheHierarchy()
	{
		if ((type_ & tINTEL) == 0) return;
		const unsigned int NO_CACHE = 0;
		const unsigned int DATA_CACHE = 1;
//		const unsigned int INSTRUCTION_CACHE = 2;
		const unsigned int UNIFIED_CACHE = 3;
		unsigned int smt_width = 0;
		unsigned int logical_cores = 0;
		unsigned int data[4] = {};

		if (x2APIC_supported_) {
			smt_width = numCores_[0];
			logical_cores = numCores_[1];
		}

		/*
			Assumptions:
			the first level of data cache is not shared (which is the
			case for every existing architecture) and use this to
			determine the SMT width for arch not supporting leaf 11.
			when leaf 4 reports a number of core less than numCores_
			on socket reported by leaf 11, then it is a correct number
			of cores not an upperbound.
		*/
		for (int i = 0; dataCacheLevels_ < maxNumberCacheLevels; i++) {
			getCpuidEx(0x4, i, data);
			unsigned int cacheType = extractBit(data[0], 0, 4);
			if (cacheType == NO_CACHE) break;
			if (cacheType == DATA_CACHE || cacheType == UNIFIED_CACHE) {
				unsigned int actual_logical_cores = extractBit(data[0], 14, 25) + 1;
				if (logical_cores != 0) { // true only if leaf 0xB is supported and valid
					actual_logical_cores = (std::min)(actual_logical_cores, logical_cores);
				}
				assert(actual_logical_cores != 0);
				dataCacheSize_[dataCacheLevels_] =
					(extractBit(data[1], 22, 31) + 1)
					* (extractBit(data[1], 12, 21) + 1)
					* (extractBit(data[1], 0, 11) + 1)
					* (data[2] + 1);
				if (cacheType == DATA_CACHE && smt_width == 0) smt_width = actual_logical_cores;
				assert(smt_width != 0);
				coresSharignDataCache_[dataCacheLevels_] = (std::max)(actual_logical_cores / smt_width, 1u);
				dataCacheLevels_++;
			}
		}
	}

public:
	int model;
	int family;
	int stepping;
	int extModel;
	int extFamily;
	int displayFamily; // family + extFamily
	int displayModel; // model + extModel

	unsigned int getNumCores(IntelCpuTopologyLevel level) const {
		if (!x2APIC_supported_) XBYAK_THROW_RET(ERR_X2APIC_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED, 0)
		switch (level) {
		case SmtLevel: return numCores_[level - 1];
		case CoreLevel: return numCores_[level - 1] / numCores_[SmtLevel - 1];
		default: XBYAK_THROW_RET(ERR_X2APIC_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED, 0)
		}
	}

	unsigned int getDataCacheLevels() const { return dataCacheLevels_; }
	unsigned int getCoresSharingDataCache(unsigned int i) const
	{
		if (i >= dataCacheLevels_) XBYAK_THROW_RET(ERR_BAD_PARAMETER, 0)
		return coresSharignDataCache_[i];
	}
	unsigned int getDataCacheSize(unsigned int i) const
	{
		if (i >= dataCacheLevels_) XBYAK_THROW_RET(ERR_BAD_PARAMETER, 0)
		return dataCacheSize_[i];
	}

	/*
		data[] = { eax, ebx, ecx, edx }
	*/
	static inline void getCpuid(unsigned int eaxIn, unsigned int data[4])
	{
#ifdef XBYAK_INTEL_CPU_SPECIFIC
	#ifdef _WIN32
		__cpuid(reinterpret_cast<int*>(data), eaxIn);
	#else
		__cpuid(eaxIn, data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3]);
	#endif
#else
		(void)eaxIn;
		(void)data;
#endif
	}
	static inline void getCpuidEx(unsigned int eaxIn, unsigned int ecxIn, unsigned int data[4])
	{
#ifdef XBYAK_INTEL_CPU_SPECIFIC
	#ifdef _MSC_VER
		__cpuidex(reinterpret_cast<int*>(data), eaxIn, ecxIn);
	#else
		__cpuid_count(eaxIn, ecxIn, data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3]);
	#endif
#else
		(void)eaxIn;
		(void)ecxIn;
		(void)data;
#endif
	}
	static inline uint64_t getXfeature()
	{
#ifdef XBYAK_INTEL_CPU_SPECIFIC
	#ifdef _MSC_VER
		return _xgetbv(0);
	#else
		unsigned int eax, edx;
		// xgetvb is not support on gcc 4.2
//		__asm__ volatile("xgetbv" : "=a"(eax), "=d"(edx) : "c"(0));
		__asm__ volatile(".byte 0x0f, 0x01, 0xd0" : "=a"(eax), "=d"(edx) : "c"(0));
		return ((uint64_t)edx << 32) | eax;
	#endif
#else
		return 0;
#endif
	}
	typedef uint64_t Type;

	static const Type NONE = 0;
	static const Type tMMX = 1 << 0;
	static const Type tMMX2 = 1 << 1;
	static const Type tCMOV = 1 << 2;
	static const Type tSSE = 1 << 3;
	static const Type tSSE2 = 1 << 4;
	static const Type tSSE3 = 1 << 5;
	static const Type tSSSE3 = 1 << 6;
	static const Type tSSE41 = 1 << 7;
	static const Type tSSE42 = 1 << 8;
	static const Type tPOPCNT = 1 << 9;
	static const Type tAESNI = 1 << 10;
	static const Type tAVX512_FP16 = 1 << 11;
	static const Type tOSXSAVE = 1 << 12;
	static const Type tPCLMULQDQ = 1 << 13;
	static const Type tAVX = 1 << 14;
	static const Type tFMA = 1 << 15;

	static const Type t3DN = 1 << 16;
	static const Type tE3DN = 1 << 17;
	static const Type tWAITPKG = 1 << 18;
	static const Type tRDTSCP = 1 << 19;
	static const Type tAVX2 = 1 << 20;
	static const Type tBMI1 = 1 << 21; // andn, bextr, blsi, blsmsk, blsr, tzcnt
	static const Type tBMI2 = 1 << 22; // bzhi, mulx, pdep, pext, rorx, sarx, shlx, shrx
	static const Type tLZCNT = 1 << 23;

	static const Type tINTEL = 1 << 24;
	static const Type tAMD = 1 << 25;

	static const Type tENHANCED_REP = 1 << 26; // enhanced rep movsb/stosb
	static const Type tRDRAND = 1 << 27;
	static const Type tADX = 1 << 28; // adcx, adox
	static const Type tRDSEED = 1 << 29; // rdseed
	static const Type tSMAP = 1 << 30; // stac
	static const Type tHLE = uint64_t(1) << 31; // xacquire, xrelease, xtest
	static const Type tRTM = uint64_t(1) << 32; // xbegin, xend, xabort
	static const Type tF16C = uint64_t(1) << 33; // vcvtph2ps, vcvtps2ph
	static const Type tMOVBE = uint64_t(1) << 34; // mobve
	static const Type tAVX512F = uint64_t(1) << 35;
	static const Type tAVX512DQ = uint64_t(1) << 36;
	static const Type tAVX512_IFMA = uint64_t(1) << 37;
	static const Type tAVX512IFMA = tAVX512_IFMA;
	static const Type tAVX512PF = uint64_t(1) << 38;
	static const Type tAVX512ER = uint64_t(1) << 39;
	static const Type tAVX512CD = uint64_t(1) << 40;
	static const Type tAVX512BW = uint64_t(1) << 41;
	static const Type tAVX512VL = uint64_t(1) << 42;
	static const Type tAVX512_VBMI = uint64_t(1) << 43;
	static const Type tAVX512VBMI = tAVX512_VBMI; // changed by Intel's manual
	static const Type tAVX512_4VNNIW = uint64_t(1) << 44;
	static const Type tAVX512_4FMAPS = uint64_t(1) << 45;
	static const Type tPREFETCHWT1 = uint64_t(1) << 46;
	static const Type tPREFETCHW = uint64_t(1) << 47;
	static const Type tSHA = uint64_t(1) << 48;
	static const Type tMPX = uint64_t(1) << 49;
	static const Type tAVX512_VBMI2 = uint64_t(1) << 50;
	static const Type tGFNI = uint64_t(1) << 51;
	static const Type tVAES = uint64_t(1) << 52;
	static const Type tVPCLMULQDQ = uint64_t(1) << 53;
	static const Type tAVX512_VNNI = uint64_t(1) << 54;
	static const Type tAVX512_BITALG = uint64_t(1) << 55;
	static const Type tAVX512_VPOPCNTDQ = uint64_t(1) << 56;
	static const Type tAVX512_BF16 = uint64_t(1) << 57;
	static const Type tAVX512_VP2INTERSECT = uint64_t(1) << 58;
	static const Type tAMX_TILE = uint64_t(1) << 59;
	static const Type tAMX_INT8 = uint64_t(1) << 60;
	static const Type tAMX_BF16 = uint64_t(1) << 61;
	static const Type tAVX_VNNI = uint64_t(1) << 62;
	// 18, 63

	Cpu()
		: type_(NONE)
		, x2APIC_supported_(false)
		, numCores_()
		, dataCacheSize_()
		, coresSharignDataCache_()
		, dataCacheLevels_(0)
	{
		unsigned int data[4] = {};
		const unsigned int& EAX = data[0];
		const unsigned int& EBX = data[1];
		const unsigned int& ECX = data[2];
		const unsigned int& EDX = data[3];
		getCpuid(0, data);
		const unsigned int maxNum = EAX;
		static const char intel[] = "ntel";
		static const char amd[] = "cAMD";
		if (ECX == get32bitAsBE(amd)) {
			type_ |= tAMD;
			getCpuid(0x80000001, data);
			if (EDX & (1U << 31)) {
				type_ |= t3DN;
				// 3DNow! implies support for PREFETCHW on AMD
				type_ |= tPREFETCHW;
			}

			if (EDX & (1U << 29)) {
				// Long mode implies support for PREFETCHW on AMD
				type_ |= tPREFETCHW;
			}
		}
		if (ECX == get32bitAsBE(intel)) {
			type_ |= tINTEL;
		}

		// Extended flags information
		getCpuid(0x80000000, data);
		if (EAX >= 0x80000001) {
			getCpuid(0x80000001, data);

			if (EDX & (1U << 31)) type_ |= t3DN;
			if (EDX & (1U << 30)) type_ |= tE3DN;
			if (EDX & (1U << 27)) type_ |= tRDTSCP;
			if (EDX & (1U << 22)) type_ |= tMMX2;
			if (EDX & (1U << 15)) type_ |= tCMOV;
			if (ECX & (1U << 5)) type_ |= tLZCNT;
			if (ECX & (1U << 8)) type_ |= tPREFETCHW;
		}

		getCpuid(1, data);
		if (ECX & (1U << 0)) type_ |= tSSE3;
		if (ECX & (1U << 9)) type_ |= tSSSE3;
		if (ECX & (1U << 19)) type_ |= tSSE41;
		if (ECX & (1U << 20)) type_ |= tSSE42;
		if (ECX & (1U << 22)) type_ |= tMOVBE;
		if (ECX & (1U << 23)) type_ |= tPOPCNT;
		if (ECX & (1U << 25)) type_ |= tAESNI;
		if (ECX & (1U << 1)) type_ |= tPCLMULQDQ;
		if (ECX & (1U << 27)) type_ |= tOSXSAVE;
		if (ECX & (1U << 30)) type_ |= tRDRAND;
		if (ECX & (1U << 29)) type_ |= tF16C;

		if (EDX & (1U << 15)) type_ |= tCMOV;
		if (EDX & (1U << 23)) type_ |= tMMX;
		if (EDX & (1U << 25)) type_ |= tMMX2 | tSSE;
		if (EDX & (1U << 26)) type_ |= tSSE2;

		if (type_ & tOSXSAVE) {
			// check XFEATURE_ENABLED_MASK[2:1] = '11b'
			uint64_t bv = getXfeature();
			if ((bv & 6) == 6) {
				if (ECX & (1U << 28)) type_ |= tAVX;
				if (ECX & (1U << 12)) type_ |= tFMA;
				// do *not* check AVX-512 state on macOS because it has on-demand AVX-512 support
#if !defined(__APPLE__)
				if (((bv >> 5) & 7) == 7)
#endif
				{
					getCpuidEx(7, 0, data);
					if (EBX & (1U << 16)) type_ |= tAVX512F;
					if (type_ & tAVX512F) {
						if (EBX & (1U << 17)) type_ |= tAVX512DQ;
						if (EBX & (1U << 21)) type_ |= tAVX512_IFMA;
						if (EBX & (1U << 26)) type_ |= tAVX512PF;
						if (EBX & (1U << 27)) type_ |= tAVX512ER;
						if (EBX & (1U << 28)) type_ |= tAVX512CD;
						if (EBX & (1U << 30)) type_ |= tAVX512BW;
						if (EBX & (1U << 31)) type_ |= tAVX512VL;
						if (ECX & (1U << 1)) type_ |= tAVX512_VBMI;
						if (ECX & (1U << 6)) type_ |= tAVX512_VBMI2;
						if (ECX & (1U << 8)) type_ |= tGFNI;
						if (ECX & (1U << 9)) type_ |= tVAES;
						if (ECX & (1U << 10)) type_ |= tVPCLMULQDQ;
						if (ECX & (1U << 11)) type_ |= tAVX512_VNNI;
						if (ECX & (1U << 12)) type_ |= tAVX512_BITALG;
						if (ECX & (1U << 14)) type_ |= tAVX512_VPOPCNTDQ;
						if (EDX & (1U << 2)) type_ |= tAVX512_4VNNIW;
						if (EDX & (1U << 3)) type_ |= tAVX512_4FMAPS;
						if (EDX & (1U << 8)) type_ |= tAVX512_VP2INTERSECT;
						if ((type_ & tAVX512BW) && (EDX & (1U << 23))) type_ |= tAVX512_FP16;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		if (maxNum >= 7) {
			getCpuidEx(7, 0, data);
			const uint32_t maxNumSubLeaves = EAX;
			if (type_ & tAVX && (EBX & (1U << 5))) type_ |= tAVX2;
			if (EBX & (1U << 3)) type_ |= tBMI1;
			if (EBX & (1U << 8)) type_ |= tBMI2;
			if (EBX & (1U << 9)) type_ |= tENHANCED_REP;
			if (EBX & (1U << 18)) type_ |= tRDSEED;
			if (EBX & (1U << 19)) type_ |= tADX;
			if (EBX & (1U << 20)) type_ |= tSMAP;
			if (EBX & (1U << 4)) type_ |= tHLE;
			if (EBX & (1U << 11)) type_ |= tRTM;
			if (EBX & (1U << 14)) type_ |= tMPX;
			if (EBX & (1U << 29)) type_ |= tSHA;
			if (ECX & (1U << 0)) type_ |= tPREFETCHWT1;
			if (ECX & (1U << 5)) type_ |= tWAITPKG;
			if (EDX & (1U << 24)) type_ |= tAMX_TILE;
			if (EDX & (1U << 25)) type_ |= tAMX_INT8;
			if (EDX & (1U << 22)) type_ |= tAMX_BF16;
			if (maxNumSubLeaves >= 1) {
				getCpuidEx(7, 1, data);
				if (EAX & (1U << 4)) type_ |= tAVX_VNNI;
				if (type_ & tAVX512F) {
					if (EAX & (1U << 5)) type_ |= tAVX512_BF16;
				}
			}
		}
		setFamily();
		setNumCores();
		setCacheHierarchy();
	}
	void putFamily() const
	{
#ifndef XBYAK_ONLY_CLASS_CPU
		printf("family=%d, model=%X, stepping=%d, extFamily=%d, extModel=%X\n",
			family, model, stepping, extFamily, extModel);
		printf("display:family=%X, model=%X\n", displayFamily, displayModel);
#endif
	}
	bool has(Type type) const
	{
		return (type & type_) == type;
	}
};

#ifndef XBYAK_ONLY_CLASS_CPU
class Clock {
public:
	static inline uint64_t getRdtsc()
	{
#ifdef XBYAK_INTEL_CPU_SPECIFIC
	#ifdef _MSC_VER
		return __rdtsc();
	#else
		unsigned int eax, edx;
		__asm__ volatile("rdtsc" : "=a"(eax), "=d"(edx));
		return ((uint64_t)edx << 32) | eax;
	#endif
#else
		// TODO: Need another impl of Clock or rdtsc-equivalent for non-x86 cpu
		return 0;
#endif
	}
	Clock()
		: clock_(0)
		, count_(0)
	{
	}
	void begin()
	{
		clock_ -= getRdtsc();
	}
	void end()
	{
		clock_ += getRdtsc();
		count_++;
	}
	int getCount() const { return count_; }
	uint64_t getClock() const { return clock_; }
	void clear() { count_ = 0; clock_ = 0; }
private:
	uint64_t clock_;
	int count_;
};

#ifdef XBYAK64
const int UseRCX = 1 << 6;
const int UseRDX = 1 << 7;

class Pack {
	static const size_t maxTblNum = 15;
	Xbyak::Reg64 tbl_[maxTblNum];
	size_t n_;
public:
	Pack() : tbl_(), n_(0) {}
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64 *tbl, size_t n) { init(tbl, n); }
	Pack(const Pack& rhs)
		: n_(rhs.n_)
	{
		for (size_t i = 0; i < n_; i++) tbl_[i] = rhs.tbl_[i];
	}
	Pack& operator=(const Pack& rhs)
	{
		n_ = rhs.n_;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < n_; i++) tbl_[i] = rhs.tbl_[i];
		return *this;
	}
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 1; tbl_[0] = t0; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 2; tbl_[0] = t0; tbl_[1] = t1; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 3; tbl_[0] = t0; tbl_[1] = t1; tbl_[2] = t2; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 4; tbl_[0] = t0; tbl_[1] = t1; tbl_[2] = t2; tbl_[3] = t3; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t4, const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 5; tbl_[0] = t0; tbl_[1] = t1; tbl_[2] = t2; tbl_[3] = t3; tbl_[4] = t4; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t5, const Xbyak::Reg64& t4, const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 6; tbl_[0] = t0; tbl_[1] = t1; tbl_[2] = t2; tbl_[3] = t3; tbl_[4] = t4; tbl_[5] = t5; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t6, const Xbyak::Reg64& t5, const Xbyak::Reg64& t4, const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 7; tbl_[0] = t0; tbl_[1] = t1; tbl_[2] = t2; tbl_[3] = t3; tbl_[4] = t4; tbl_[5] = t5; tbl_[6] = t6; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t7, const Xbyak::Reg64& t6, const Xbyak::Reg64& t5, const Xbyak::Reg64& t4, const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 8; tbl_[0] = t0; tbl_[1] = t1; tbl_[2] = t2; tbl_[3] = t3; tbl_[4] = t4; tbl_[5] = t5; tbl_[6] = t6; tbl_[7] = t7; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t8, const Xbyak::Reg64& t7, const Xbyak::Reg64& t6, const Xbyak::Reg64& t5, const Xbyak::Reg64& t4, const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 9; tbl_[0] = t0; tbl_[1] = t1; tbl_[2] = t2; tbl_[3] = t3; tbl_[4] = t4; tbl_[5] = t5; tbl_[6] = t6; tbl_[7] = t7; tbl_[8] = t8; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& t9, const Xbyak::Reg64& t8, const Xbyak::Reg64& t7, const Xbyak::Reg64& t6, const Xbyak::Reg64& t5, const Xbyak::Reg64& t4, const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 10; tbl_[0] = t0; tbl_[1] = t1; tbl_[2] = t2; tbl_[3] = t3; tbl_[4] = t4; tbl_[5] = t5; tbl_[6] = t6; tbl_[7] = t7; tbl_[8] = t8; tbl_[9] = t9; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& ta, const Xbyak::Reg64& t9, const Xbyak::Reg64& t8, const Xbyak::Reg64& t7, const Xbyak::Reg64& t6, const Xbyak::Reg64& t5, const Xbyak::Reg64& t4, const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 11; tbl_[0] = t0; tbl_[1] = t1; tbl_[2] = t2; tbl_[3] = t3; tbl_[4] = t4; tbl_[5] = t5; tbl_[6] = t6; tbl_[7] = t7; tbl_[8] = t8; tbl_[9] = t9; tbl_[10] = ta; }
	Pack(const Xbyak::Reg64& tb, const Xbyak::Reg64& ta, const Xbyak::Reg64& t9, const Xbyak::Reg64& t8, const Xbyak::Reg64& t7, const Xbyak::Reg64& t6, const Xbyak::Reg64& t5, const Xbyak::Reg64& t4, const Xbyak::Reg64& t3, const Xbyak::Reg64& t2, const Xbyak::Reg64& t1, const Xbyak::Reg64& t0)
	{ n_ = 12; tbl_[0] = t0; tbl_[1] = t1; tbl_[2] = t2; tbl_[3] = t3; tbl_[4] = t4; tbl_[5] = t5; tbl_[6] = t6; tbl_[7] = t7; tbl_[8] = t8; tbl_[9] = t9; tbl_[10] = ta; tbl_[11] = tb; }
	Pack& append(const Xbyak::Reg64& t)
	{
		if (n_ == maxTblNum) {
			fprintf(stderr, "ERR Pack::can't append\n");
			XBYAK_THROW_RET(ERR_BAD_PARAMETER, *this)
		}
		tbl_[n_++] = t;
		return *this;
	}
	void init(const Xbyak::Reg64 *tbl, size_t n)
	{
		if (n > maxTblNum) {
			fprintf(stderr, "ERR Pack::init bad n=%d\n", (int)n);
			XBYAK_THROW(ERR_BAD_PARAMETER)
		}
		n_ = n;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			tbl_[i] = tbl[i];
		}
	}
	const Xbyak::Reg64& operator[](size_t n) const
	{
		if (n >= n_) {
			fprintf(stderr, "ERR Pack bad n=%d(%d)\n", (int)n, (int)n_);
			XBYAK_THROW_RET(ERR_BAD_PARAMETER, rax)
		}
		return tbl_[n];
	}
	size_t size() const { return n_; }
	/*
		get tbl[pos, pos + num)
	*/
	Pack sub(size_t pos, size_t num = size_t(-1)) const
	{
		if (num == size_t(-1)) num = n_ - pos;
		if (pos + num > n_) {
			fprintf(stderr, "ERR Pack::sub bad pos=%d, num=%d\n", (int)pos, (int)num);
			XBYAK_THROW_RET(ERR_BAD_PARAMETER, Pack())
		}
		Pack pack;
		pack.n_ = num;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < num; i++) {
			pack.tbl_[i] = tbl_[pos + i];
		}
		return pack;
	}
	void put() const
	{
		for (size_t i = 0; i < n_; i++) {
			printf("%s ", tbl_[i].toString());
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
};

class StackFrame {
#ifdef XBYAK64_WIN
	static const int noSaveNum = 6;
	static const int rcxPos = 0;
	static const int rdxPos = 1;
#else
	static const int noSaveNum = 8;
	static const int rcxPos = 3;
	static const int rdxPos = 2;
#endif
	static const int maxRegNum = 14; // maxRegNum = 16 - rsp - rax
	Xbyak::CodeGenerator *code_;
	int pNum_;
	int tNum_;
	bool useRcx_;
	bool useRdx_;
	int saveNum_;
	int P_;
	bool makeEpilog_;
	Xbyak::Reg64 pTbl_[4];
	Xbyak::Reg64 tTbl_[maxRegNum];
	Pack p_;
	Pack t_;
	StackFrame(const StackFrame&);
	void operator=(const StackFrame&);
public:
	const Pack& p;
	const Pack& t;
	/*
		make stack frame
		@param sf [in] this
		@param pNum [in] num of function parameter(0 <= pNum <= 4)
		@param tNum [in] num of temporary register(0 <= tNum, with UseRCX, UseRDX) #{pNum + tNum [+rcx] + [rdx]} <= 14
		@param stackSizeByte [in] local stack size
		@param makeEpilog [in] automatically call close() if true

		you can use
		rax
		gp0, ..., gp(pNum - 1)
		gt0, ..., gt(tNum-1)
		rcx if tNum & UseRCX
		rdx if tNum & UseRDX
		rsp[0..stackSizeByte - 1]
	*/
	StackFrame(Xbyak::CodeGenerator *code, int pNum, int tNum = 0, int stackSizeByte = 0, bool makeEpilog = true)
		: code_(code)
		, pNum_(pNum)
		, tNum_(tNum & ~(UseRCX | UseRDX))
		, useRcx_((tNum & UseRCX) != 0)
		, useRdx_((tNum & UseRDX) != 0)
		, saveNum_(0)
		, P_(0)
		, makeEpilog_(makeEpilog)
		, p(p_)
		, t(t_)
	{
		using namespace Xbyak;
		if (pNum < 0 || pNum > 4) XBYAK_THROW(ERR_BAD_PNUM)
		const int allRegNum = pNum + tNum_ + (useRcx_ ? 1 : 0) + (useRdx_ ? 1 : 0);
		if (tNum_ < 0 || allRegNum > maxRegNum) XBYAK_THROW(ERR_BAD_TNUM)
		const Reg64& _rsp = code->rsp;
		saveNum_ = (std::max)(0, allRegNum - noSaveNum);
		const int *tbl = getOrderTbl() + noSaveNum;
		for (int i = 0; i < saveNum_; i++) {
			code->push(Reg64(tbl[i]));
		}
		P_ = (stackSizeByte + 7) / 8;
		if (P_ > 0 && (P_ & 1) == (saveNum_ & 1)) P_++; // (rsp % 16) == 8, then increment P_ for 16 byte alignment
		P_ *= 8;
		if (P_ > 0) code->sub(_rsp, P_);
		int pos = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < pNum; i++) {
			pTbl_[i] = Xbyak::Reg64(getRegIdx(pos));
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < tNum_; i++) {
			tTbl_[i] = Xbyak::Reg64(getRegIdx(pos));
		}
		if (useRcx_ && rcxPos < pNum) code_->mov(code_->r10, code_->rcx);
		if (useRdx_ && rdxPos < pNum) code_->mov(code_->r11, code_->rdx);
		p_.init(pTbl_, pNum);
		t_.init(tTbl_, tNum_);
	}
	/*
		make epilog manually
		@param callRet [in] call ret() if true
	*/
	void close(bool callRet = true)
	{
		using namespace Xbyak;
		const Reg64& _rsp = code_->rsp;
		const int *tbl = getOrderTbl() + noSaveNum;
		if (P_ > 0) code_->add(_rsp, P_);
		for (int i = 0; i < saveNum_; i++) {
			code_->pop(Reg64(tbl[saveNum_ - 1 - i]));
		}

		if (callRet) code_->ret();
	}
	~StackFrame()
	{
		if (!makeEpilog_) return;
		close();
	}
private:
	const int *getOrderTbl() const
	{
		using namespace Xbyak;
		static const int tbl[] = {
#ifdef XBYAK64_WIN
			Operand::RCX, Operand::RDX, Operand::R8, Operand::R9, Operand::R10, Operand::R11, Operand::RDI, Operand::RSI,
#else
			Operand::RDI, Operand::RSI, Operand::RDX, Operand::RCX, Operand::R8, Operand::R9, Operand::R10, Operand::R11,
#endif
			Operand::RBX, Operand::RBP, Operand::R12, Operand::R13, Operand::R14, Operand::R15
		};
		return &tbl[0];
	}
	int getRegIdx(int& pos) const
	{
		assert(pos < maxRegNum);
		using namespace Xbyak;
		const int *tbl = getOrderTbl();
		int r = tbl[pos++];
		if (useRcx_) {
			if (r == Operand::RCX) { return Operand::R10; }
			if (r == Operand::R10) { r = tbl[pos++]; }
		}
		if (useRdx_) {
			if (r == Operand::RDX) { return Operand::R11; }
			if (r == Operand::R11) { return tbl[pos++]; }
		}
		return r;
	}
};
#endif

class Profiler {
	int mode_;
	const char *suffix_;
	const void *startAddr_;
#ifdef XBYAK_USE_PERF
	FILE *fp_;
#endif
public:
	enum {
		None = 0,
		Perf = 1,
		VTune = 2
	};
	Profiler()
		: mode_(None)
		, suffix_("")
		, startAddr_(0)
#ifdef XBYAK_USE_PERF
		, fp_(0)
#endif
	{
	}
	// append suffix to funcName
	void setNameSuffix(const char *suffix)
	{
		suffix_ = suffix;
	}
	void setStartAddr(const void *startAddr)
	{
		startAddr_ = startAddr;
	}
	void init(int mode)
	{
		mode_ = None;
		switch (mode) {
		default:
		case None:
			return;
		case Perf:
#ifdef XBYAK_USE_PERF
			close();
			{
				const int pid = getpid();
				char name[128];
				snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/tmp/perf-%d.map", pid);
				fp_ = fopen(name, "a+");
				if (fp_ == 0) {
					fprintf(stderr, "can't open %s\n", name);
					return;
				}
			}
			mode_ = Perf;
#endif
			return;
		case VTune:
#ifdef XBYAK_USE_VTUNE
			dlopen("dummy", RTLD_LAZY); // force to load dlopen to enable jit profiling
			if (iJIT_IsProfilingActive() != iJIT_SAMPLING_ON) {
				fprintf(stderr, "VTune profiling is not active\n");
				return;
			}
			mode_ = VTune;
#endif
			return;
		}
	}
	~Profiler()
	{
		close();
	}
	void close()
	{
#ifdef XBYAK_USE_PERF
		if (fp_ == 0) return;
		fclose(fp_);
		fp_ = 0;
#endif
	}
	void set(const char *funcName, const void *startAddr, size_t funcSize) const
	{
		if (mode_ == None) return;
#if !defined(XBYAK_USE_PERF) && !defined(XBYAK_USE_VTUNE)
		(void)funcName;
		(void)startAddr;
		(void)funcSize;
#endif
#ifdef XBYAK_USE_PERF
		if (mode_ == Perf) {
			if (fp_ == 0) return;
			fprintf(fp_, "%llx %zx %s%s", (long long)startAddr, funcSize, funcName, suffix_);
			/*
				perf does not recognize the function name which is less than 3,
				so append '_' at the end of the name if necessary
			*/
			size_t n = strlen(funcName) + strlen(suffix_);
			for (size_t i = n; i < 3; i++) {
				fprintf(fp_, "_");
			}
			fprintf(fp_, "\n");
			fflush(fp_);
		}
#endif
#ifdef XBYAK_USE_VTUNE
		if (mode_ != VTune) return;
		char className[] = "";
		char fileName[] = "";
		iJIT_Method_Load jmethod = {};
		jmethod.method_id = iJIT_GetNewMethodID();
		jmethod.class_file_name = className;
		jmethod.source_file_name = fileName;
		jmethod.method_load_address = const_cast<void*>(startAddr);
		jmethod.method_size = funcSize;
		jmethod.line_number_size = 0;
		char buf[128];
		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", funcName, suffix_);
		jmethod.method_name = buf;
		iJIT_NotifyEvent(iJVM_EVENT_TYPE_METHOD_LOAD_FINISHED, (void*)&jmethod);
#endif
	}
	/*
		for continuous set
		funcSize = endAddr - <previous set endAddr>
	*/
	void set(const char *funcName, const void *endAddr)
	{
		set(funcName, startAddr_, (size_t)endAddr - (size_t)startAddr_);
		startAddr_ = endAddr;
	}
};
#endif // XBYAK_ONLY_CLASS_CPU

} } // end of util

#endif