poppler/Decrypt.cc

//========================================================================
//
// Decrypt.cc
//
// Copyright 1996-2003 Glyph & Cog, LLC
//
//========================================================================

//========================================================================
//
// Modified under the Poppler project - http://poppler.freedesktop.org
//
// All changes made under the Poppler project to this file are licensed
// under GPL version 2 or later
//
// Copyright (C) 2008 Julien Rebetez <julien@fhtagn.net>
// Copyright (C) 2008, 2010 Albert Astals Cid <aacid@kde.org>
// Copyright (C) 2009 Matthias Franz <matthias@ktug.or.kr>
// Copyright (C) 2009 David Benjamin <davidben@mit.edu>
// Copyright (C) 2012 Fabio D'Urso <fabiodurso@hotmail.it>
// Copyright (C) 2013 Adrian Johnson <ajohnson@redneon.com>
//
// To see a description of the changes please see the Changelog file that
// came with your tarball or type make ChangeLog if you are building from git
//
//========================================================================

#include <config.h>

#ifdef USE_GCC_PRAGMAS
#pragma implementation
#endif

#include <string.h>
#include "goo/gmem.h"
#include "goo/grandom.h"
#include "Decrypt.h"
#include "Error.h"

static void rc4InitKey(Guchar *key, int keyLen, Guchar *state);
static Guchar rc4DecryptByte(Guchar *state, Guchar *x, Guchar *y, Guchar c);

static GBool aesReadBlock(Stream  *str, Guchar *in, GBool addPadding);

static void aesKeyExpansion(DecryptAESState *s, Guchar *objKey, int objKeyLen, GBool decrypt);
static void aesEncryptBlock(DecryptAESState *s, Guchar *in);
static void aesDecryptBlock(DecryptAESState *s, Guchar *in, GBool last);

static void aes256KeyExpansion(DecryptAES256State *s, Guchar *objKey, int objKeyLen, GBool decrypt);
static void aes256EncryptBlock(DecryptAES256State *s, Guchar *in);
static void aes256DecryptBlock(DecryptAES256State *s, Guchar *in, GBool last);

static void sha256(Guchar *msg, int msgLen, Guchar *hash);

static const Guchar passwordPad[32] = {
  0x28, 0xbf, 0x4e, 0x5e, 0x4e, 0x75, 0x8a, 0x41,
  0x64, 0x00, 0x4e, 0x56, 0xff, 0xfa, 0x01, 0x08, 
  0x2e, 0x2e, 0x00, 0xb6, 0xd0, 0x68, 0x3e, 0x80, 
  0x2f, 0x0c, 0xa9, 0xfe, 0x64, 0x53, 0x69, 0x7a
};

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Decrypt
//------------------------------------------------------------------------

GBool Decrypt::makeFileKey(int encVersion, int encRevision, int keyLength,
			   GooString *ownerKey, GooString *userKey,
			   GooString *ownerEnc, GooString *userEnc,
			   int permissions, GooString *fileID,
			   GooString *ownerPassword, GooString *userPassword,
			   Guchar *fileKey, GBool encryptMetadata,
			   GBool *ownerPasswordOk) {
  DecryptAES256State state;
  Guchar test[127 + 56], test2[32];
  GooString *userPassword2;
  Guchar fState[256];
  Guchar tmpKey[16];
  Guchar fx, fy;
  int len, i, j;

  *ownerPasswordOk = gFalse;

  if (encRevision == 5) {

    // check the owner password
    if (ownerPassword) {
      //~ this is supposed to convert the password to UTF-8 using "SASLprep"
      len = ownerPassword->getLength();
      if (len > 127) {
	len = 127;
      }
      memcpy(test, ownerPassword->getCString(), len);
      memcpy(test + len, ownerKey->getCString() + 32, 8);
      memcpy(test + len + 8, userKey->getCString(), 48);
      sha256(test, len + 56, test);
      if (!memcmp(test, ownerKey->getCString(), 32)) {

	// compute the file key from the owner password
	memcpy(test, ownerPassword->getCString(), len);
	memcpy(test + len, ownerKey->getCString() + 40, 8);
	memcpy(test + len + 8, userKey->getCString(), 48);
	sha256(test, len + 56, test);
	aes256KeyExpansion(&state, test, 32, gTrue);
	for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
	  state.cbc[i] = 0;
	}
	aes256DecryptBlock(&state, (Guchar *)ownerEnc->getCString(), gFalse);
	memcpy(fileKey, state.buf, 16);
	aes256DecryptBlock(&state, (Guchar *)ownerEnc->getCString() + 16,
			   gFalse);
	memcpy(fileKey + 16, state.buf, 16);

	*ownerPasswordOk = gTrue;
	return gTrue;
      }
    }

    // check the user password
    if (userPassword) {
      //~ this is supposed to convert the password to UTF-8 using "SASLprep"
      len = userPassword->getLength();
      if (len > 127) {
	len = 127;
      }
      memcpy(test, userPassword->getCString(), len);
      memcpy(test + len, userKey->getCString() + 32, 8);
      sha256(test, len + 8, test);
      if (!memcmp(test, userKey->getCString(), 32)) {

	// compute the file key from the user password
	memcpy(test, userPassword->getCString(), len);
	memcpy(test + len, userKey->getCString() + 40, 8);
	sha256(test, len + 8, test);
	aes256KeyExpansion(&state, test, 32, gTrue);
	for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
	  state.cbc[i] = 0;
	}
	aes256DecryptBlock(&state, (Guchar *)userEnc->getCString(), gFalse);
	memcpy(fileKey, state.buf, 16);
	aes256DecryptBlock(&state, (Guchar *)userEnc->getCString() + 16,
			   gFalse);
	memcpy(fileKey + 16, state.buf, 16);

	return gTrue; 
      }
    }

    return gFalse;
  } else {

    // try using the supplied owner password to generate the user password
    if (ownerPassword) {
      len = ownerPassword->getLength();
      if (len < 32) {
	memcpy(test, ownerPassword->getCString(), len);
	memcpy(test + len, passwordPad, 32 - len);
      } else {
	memcpy(test, ownerPassword->getCString(), 32);
      }
      md5(test, 32, test);
      if (encRevision == 3) {
	for (i = 0; i < 50; ++i) {
	  md5(test, keyLength, test);
	}
      }
      if (encRevision == 2) {
	rc4InitKey(test, keyLength, fState);
	fx = fy = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
	  test2[i] = rc4DecryptByte(fState, &fx, &fy, ownerKey->getChar(i));
	}
      } else {
	memcpy(test2, ownerKey->getCString(), 32);
	for (i = 19; i >= 0; --i) {
	  for (j = 0; j < keyLength; ++j) {
	    tmpKey[j] = test[j] ^ i;
	  }
	  rc4InitKey(tmpKey, keyLength, fState);
	  fx = fy = 0;
	  for (j = 0; j < 32; ++j) {
	    test2[j] = rc4DecryptByte(fState, &fx, &fy, test2[j]);
	  }
	}
      }
      userPassword2 = new GooString((char *)test2, 32);
      if (makeFileKey2(encVersion, encRevision, keyLength, ownerKey, userKey,
		       permissions, fileID, userPassword2, fileKey,
		       encryptMetadata)) {
	*ownerPasswordOk = gTrue;
	delete userPassword2;
	return gTrue;
      }
      delete userPassword2;
    }

    // try using the supplied user password
    return makeFileKey2(encVersion, encRevision, keyLength, ownerKey, userKey,
			permissions, fileID, userPassword, fileKey,
			encryptMetadata);
  }
}

GBool Decrypt::makeFileKey2(int encVersion, int encRevision, int keyLength,
			    GooString *ownerKey, GooString *userKey,
			    int permissions, GooString *fileID,
			    GooString *userPassword, Guchar *fileKey,
			    GBool encryptMetadata) {
  Guchar *buf;
  Guchar test[32];
  Guchar fState[256];
  Guchar tmpKey[16];
  Guchar fx, fy;
  int len, i, j;
  GBool ok;

  // generate file key
  buf = (Guchar *)gmalloc(72 + fileID->getLength());
  if (userPassword) {
    len = userPassword->getLength();
    if (len < 32) {
      memcpy(buf, userPassword->getCString(), len);
      memcpy(buf + len, passwordPad, 32 - len);
    } else {
      memcpy(buf, userPassword->getCString(), 32);
    }
  } else {
    memcpy(buf, passwordPad, 32);
  }
  memcpy(buf + 32, ownerKey->getCString(), 32);
  buf[64] = permissions & 0xff;
  buf[65] = (permissions >> 8) & 0xff;
  buf[66] = (permissions >> 16) & 0xff;
  buf[67] = (permissions >> 24) & 0xff;
  memcpy(buf + 68, fileID->getCString(), fileID->getLength());
  len = 68 + fileID->getLength();
  if (!encryptMetadata) {
    buf[len++] = 0xff;
    buf[len++] = 0xff;
    buf[len++] = 0xff;
    buf[len++] = 0xff;
  }
  md5(buf, len, fileKey);
  if (encRevision == 3) {
    for (i = 0; i < 50; ++i) {
      md5(fileKey, keyLength, fileKey);
    }
  }

  // test user password
  if (encRevision == 2) {
    rc4InitKey(fileKey, keyLength, fState);
    fx = fy = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
      test[i] = rc4DecryptByte(fState, &fx, &fy, userKey->getChar(i));
    }
    ok = memcmp(test, passwordPad, 32) == 0;
  } else if (encRevision == 3) {
    memcpy(test, userKey->getCString(), 32);
    for (i = 19; i >= 0; --i) {
      for (j = 0; j < keyLength; ++j) {
	tmpKey[j] = fileKey[j] ^ i;
      }
      rc4InitKey(tmpKey, keyLength, fState);
      fx = fy = 0;
      for (j = 0; j < 32; ++j) {
	test[j] = rc4DecryptByte(fState, &fx, &fy, test[j]);
      }
    }
    memcpy(buf, passwordPad, 32);
    memcpy(buf + 32, fileID->getCString(), fileID->getLength());
    md5(buf, 32 + fileID->getLength(), buf);
    ok = memcmp(test, buf, 16) == 0;
  } else {
    ok = gFalse;
  }

  gfree(buf);
  return ok;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// BaseCryptStream
//------------------------------------------------------------------------

BaseCryptStream::BaseCryptStream(Stream *strA, Guchar *fileKey, CryptAlgorithm algoA,
				 int keyLength, int objNum, int objGen):
  FilterStream(strA)
{
  int i;

  algo = algoA;

  // construct object key
  for (i = 0; i < keyLength; ++i) {
    objKey[i] = fileKey[i];
  }
  switch (algo) {
  case cryptRC4:
    objKey[keyLength] = objNum & 0xff;
    objKey[keyLength + 1] = (objNum >> 8) & 0xff;
    objKey[keyLength + 2] = (objNum >> 16) & 0xff;
    objKey[keyLength + 3] = objGen & 0xff;
    objKey[keyLength + 4] = (objGen >> 8) & 0xff;
    md5(objKey, keyLength + 5, objKey);
    if ((objKeyLength = keyLength + 5) > 16) {
      objKeyLength = 16;
    }
    break;
  case cryptAES:
    objKey[keyLength] = objNum & 0xff;
    objKey[keyLength + 1] = (objNum >> 8) & 0xff;
    objKey[keyLength + 2] = (objNum >> 16) & 0xff;
    objKey[keyLength + 3] = objGen & 0xff;
    objKey[keyLength + 4] = (objGen >> 8) & 0xff;
    objKey[keyLength + 5] = 0x73; // 's'
    objKey[keyLength + 6] = 0x41; // 'A'
    objKey[keyLength + 7] = 0x6c; // 'l'
    objKey[keyLength + 8] = 0x54; // 'T'
    md5(objKey, keyLength + 9, objKey);
    if ((objKeyLength = keyLength + 5) > 16) {
      objKeyLength = 16;
    }
    break;
  case cryptAES256:
    objKeyLength = keyLength;
    break;
  }

  charactersRead = 0;
  autoDelete = gTrue;
}

BaseCryptStream::~BaseCryptStream() {
  if (autoDelete) {
    delete str;
  }
}

void BaseCryptStream::reset() {
  charactersRead = 0;
  nextCharBuff = EOF;
  str->reset();
}

Goffset BaseCryptStream::getPos() {
  return charactersRead;
}

int BaseCryptStream::getChar() {
  // Read next character and empty the buffer, so that a new character will be read next time
  int c = lookChar();
  nextCharBuff = EOF;

  if (c != EOF)
    charactersRead++;
  return c;
}

GBool BaseCryptStream::isBinary(GBool last) {
  return str->isBinary(last);
}

void BaseCryptStream::setAutoDelete(GBool val) {
  autoDelete = val;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// EncryptStream
//------------------------------------------------------------------------

EncryptStream::EncryptStream(Stream *strA, Guchar *fileKey, CryptAlgorithm algoA,
			     int keyLength, int objNum, int objGen):
  BaseCryptStream(strA, fileKey, algoA, keyLength, objNum, objGen)
{
  // Fill the CBC initialization vector for AES and AES-256
  switch (algo) {
  case cryptAES:
    grandom_fill(state.aes.cbc, 16);
    break;
  case cryptAES256:
    grandom_fill(state.aes256.cbc, 16);
    break;
  default:
    break;
  }
}

EncryptStream::~EncryptStream() {
}

void EncryptStream::reset() {
  BaseCryptStream::reset();

  switch (algo) {
  case cryptRC4:
    state.rc4.x = state.rc4.y = 0;
    rc4InitKey(objKey, objKeyLength, state.rc4.state);
    break;
  case cryptAES:
    aesKeyExpansion(&state.aes, objKey, objKeyLength, gFalse);
    memcpy(state.aes.buf, state.aes.cbc, 16); // Copy CBC IV to buf
    state.aes.bufIdx = 0;
    state.aes.paddingReached = gFalse;
    break;
  case cryptAES256:
    aes256KeyExpansion(&state.aes256, objKey, objKeyLength, gFalse);
    memcpy(state.aes256.buf, state.aes256.cbc, 16); // Copy CBC IV to buf
    state.aes256.bufIdx = 0;
    state.aes256.paddingReached = gFalse;
    break;
  }
}

int EncryptStream::lookChar() {
  Guchar in[16];
  int c;

  if (nextCharBuff != EOF)
    return nextCharBuff;

  c = EOF; // make gcc happy
  switch (algo) {
  case cryptRC4:
    if ((c = str->getChar()) != EOF) {
      // RC4 is XOR-based: the decryption algorithm works for encryption too
      c = rc4DecryptByte(state.rc4.state, &state.rc4.x, &state.rc4.y, (Guchar)c);
    }
    break;
  case cryptAES:
    if (state.aes.bufIdx == 16 && !state.aes.paddingReached) {
      state.aes.paddingReached = !aesReadBlock(str, in, gTrue);
      aesEncryptBlock(&state.aes, in);
    }
    if (state.aes.bufIdx == 16) {
      c = EOF;
    } else {
      c = state.aes.buf[state.aes.bufIdx++];
    }
    break;
  case cryptAES256:
    if (state.aes256.bufIdx == 16 && !state.aes256.paddingReached) {
      state.aes256.paddingReached = !aesReadBlock(str, in, gTrue);
      aes256EncryptBlock(&state.aes256, in);
    }
    if (state.aes256.bufIdx == 16) {
      c = EOF;
    } else {
      c = state.aes256.buf[state.aes256.bufIdx++];
    }
    break;
  }
  return (nextCharBuff = c);
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// DecryptStream
//------------------------------------------------------------------------

DecryptStream::DecryptStream(Stream *strA, Guchar *fileKey, CryptAlgorithm algoA,
			     int keyLength, int objNum, int objGen):
  BaseCryptStream(strA, fileKey, algoA, keyLength, objNum, objGen)
{
}

DecryptStream::~DecryptStream() {
}

void DecryptStream::reset() {
  int i;
  BaseCryptStream::reset();

  switch (algo) {
  case cryptRC4:
    state.rc4.x = state.rc4.y = 0;
    rc4InitKey(objKey, objKeyLength, state.rc4.state);
    break;
  case cryptAES:
    aesKeyExpansion(&state.aes, objKey, objKeyLength, gTrue);
    for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
      state.aes.cbc[i] = str->getChar();
    }
    state.aes.bufIdx = 16;
    break;
  case cryptAES256:
    aes256KeyExpansion(&state.aes256, objKey, objKeyLength, gTrue);
    for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
      state.aes256.cbc[i] = str->getChar();
    }
    state.aes256.bufIdx = 16;
    break;
  }
}

int DecryptStream::lookChar() {
  Guchar in[16];
  int c;

  if (nextCharBuff != EOF)
    return nextCharBuff;

  c = EOF; // make gcc happy
  switch (algo) {
  case cryptRC4:
    if ((c = str->getChar()) != EOF) {
      c = rc4DecryptByte(state.rc4.state, &state.rc4.x, &state.rc4.y, (Guchar)c);
    }
    break;
  case cryptAES:
    if (state.aes.bufIdx == 16) {
      if (aesReadBlock(str, in, gFalse)) {
        aesDecryptBlock(&state.aes, in, str->lookChar() == EOF);
      }
    }
    if (state.aes.bufIdx == 16) {
      c = EOF;
    } else {
      c = state.aes.buf[state.aes.bufIdx++];
    }
    break;
  case cryptAES256:
    if (state.aes256.bufIdx == 16) {
      if (aesReadBlock(str, in, gFalse)) {
        aes256DecryptBlock(&state.aes256, in, str->lookChar() == EOF);
      }
    }
    if (state.aes256.bufIdx == 16) {
      c = EOF;
    } else {
      c = state.aes256.buf[state.aes256.bufIdx++];
    }
    break;
  }
  return (nextCharBuff = c);
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// RC4-compatible decryption
//------------------------------------------------------------------------

static void rc4InitKey(Guchar *key, int keyLen, Guchar *state) {
  Guchar index1, index2;
  Guchar t;
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
    state[i] = i;

  if (unlikely(keyLen == 0))
    return;

  index1 = index2 = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
    index2 = (key[index1] + state[i] + index2) % 256;
    t = state[i];
    state[i] = state[index2];
    state[index2] = t;
    index1 = (index1 + 1) % keyLen;
  }
}

static Guchar rc4DecryptByte(Guchar *state, Guchar *x, Guchar *y, Guchar c) {
  Guchar x1, y1, tx, ty;

  x1 = *x = (*x + 1) % 256;
  y1 = *y = (state[*x] + *y) % 256;
  tx = state[x1];
  ty = state[y1];
  state[x1] = ty;
  state[y1] = tx;
  return c ^ state[(tx + ty) % 256];
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// AES decryption
//------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Returns gFalse if EOF was reached, gTrue otherwise
static GBool aesReadBlock(Stream *str, Guchar *in, GBool addPadding)
{
  int c, i;

  for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
    if ((c = str->getChar()) != EOF) {
      in[i] = (Guchar)c;
    } else {
      break;
    }
  }

  if (i == 16) {
    return gTrue;
  } else {
    if (addPadding) {
      c = 16 - i;
      while (i < 16) {
        in[i++] = (Guchar)c;
      }
    }
    return gFalse;
  }
}

static const Guchar sbox[256] = {
  0x63, 0x7c, 0x77, 0x7b, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x6f, 0xc5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2b, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x76,
  0xca, 0x82, 0xc9, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0x59, 0x47, 0xf0, 0xad, 0xd4, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0xa4, 0x72, 0xc0,
  0xb7, 0xfd, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0xcc, 0x34, 0xa5, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x71, 0xd8, 0x31, 0x15,
  0x04, 0xc7, 0x23, 0xc3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xeb, 0x27, 0xb2, 0x75,
  0x09, 0x83, 0x2c, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x6e, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x52, 0x3b, 0xd6, 0xb3, 0x29, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0x84,
  0x53, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xed, 0x20, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xcb, 0xbe, 0x39, 0x4a, 0x4c, 0x58, 0xcf,
  0xd0, 0xef, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xf9, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x9f, 0xa8,
  0x51, 0xa3, 0x40, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0xda, 0x21, 0x10, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xd2,
  0xcd, 0x0c, 0x13, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x7e, 0x3d, 0x64, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x73,
  0x60, 0x81, 0x4f, 0xdc, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xee, 0xb8, 0x14, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x0b, 0xdb,
  0xe0, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5c, 0xc2, 0xd3, 0xac, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xe4, 0x79,
  0xe7, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x6d, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0x6c, 0x56, 0xf4, 0xea, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xae, 0x08,
  0xba, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0xb4, 0xc6, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x74, 0x1f, 0x4b, 0xbd, 0x8b, 0x8a,
  0x70, 0x3e, 0xb5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xf6, 0x0e, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x1d, 0x9e,
  0xe1, 0xf8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xd9, 0x8e, 0x94, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0x87, 0xe9, 0xce, 0x55, 0x28, 0xdf,
  0x8c, 0xa1, 0x89, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x54, 0xbb, 0x16
};

static const Guchar invSbox[256] = {
  0x52, 0x09, 0x6a, 0xd5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xa5, 0x38, 0xbf, 0x40, 0xa3, 0x9e, 0x81, 0xf3, 0xd7, 0xfb,
  0x7c, 0xe3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9b, 0x2f, 0xff, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8e, 0x43, 0x44, 0xc4, 0xde, 0xe9, 0xcb,
  0x54, 0x7b, 0x94, 0x32, 0xa6, 0xc2, 0x23, 0x3d, 0xee, 0x4c, 0x95, 0x0b, 0x42, 0xfa, 0xc3, 0x4e,
  0x08, 0x2e, 0xa1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xd9, 0x24, 0xb2, 0x76, 0x5b, 0xa2, 0x49, 0x6d, 0x8b, 0xd1, 0x25,
  0x72, 0xf8, 0xf6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xd4, 0xa4, 0x5c, 0xcc, 0x5d, 0x65, 0xb6, 0x92,
  0x6c, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xfd, 0xed, 0xb9, 0xda, 0x5e, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xa7, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x84,
  0x90, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x00, 0x8c, 0xbc, 0xd3, 0x0a, 0xf7, 0xe4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xb8, 0xb3, 0x45, 0x06,
  0xd0, 0x2c, 0x1e, 0x8f, 0xca, 0x3f, 0x0f, 0x02, 0xc1, 0xaf, 0xbd, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8a, 0x6b,
  0x3a, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41, 0x4f, 0x67, 0xdc, 0xea, 0x97, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0xce, 0xf0, 0xb4, 0xe6, 0x73,
  0x96, 0xac, 0x74, 0x22, 0xe7, 0xad, 0x35, 0x85, 0xe2, 0xf9, 0x37, 0xe8, 0x1c, 0x75, 0xdf, 0x6e,
  0x47, 0xf1, 0x1a, 0x71, 0x1d, 0x29, 0xc5, 0x89, 0x6f, 0xb7, 0x62, 0x0e, 0xaa, 0x18, 0xbe, 0x1b,
  0xfc, 0x56, 0x3e, 0x4b, 0xc6, 0xd2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9a, 0xdb, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0x78, 0xcd, 0x5a, 0xf4,
  0x1f, 0xdd, 0xa8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07, 0xc7, 0x31, 0xb1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xec, 0x5f,
  0x60, 0x51, 0x7f, 0xa9, 0x19, 0xb5, 0x4a, 0x0d, 0x2d, 0xe5, 0x7a, 0x9f, 0x93, 0xc9, 0x9c, 0xef,
  0xa0, 0xe0, 0x3b, 0x4d, 0xae, 0x2a, 0xf5, 0xb0, 0xc8, 0xeb, 0xbb, 0x3c, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61,
  0x17, 0x2b, 0x04, 0x7e, 0xba, 0x77, 0xd6, 0x26, 0xe1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55, 0x21, 0x0c, 0x7d
};

static const Guint rcon[11] = {
  0x00000000, // unused
  0x01000000,
  0x02000000,
  0x04000000,
  0x08000000,
  0x10000000,
  0x20000000,
  0x40000000,
  0x80000000,
  0x1b000000,
  0x36000000
};

static inline Guint subWord(Guint x) {
  return (sbox[x >> 24] << 24)
         | (sbox[(x >> 16) & 0xff] << 16)
         | (sbox[(x >> 8) & 0xff] << 8)
         | sbox[x & 0xff];
}

static inline Guint rotWord(Guint x) {
  return ((x << 8) & 0xffffffff) | (x >> 24);
}

static inline void subBytes(Guchar *state) {
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
    state[i] = sbox[state[i]];
  }
}

static inline void invSubBytes(Guchar *state) {
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
    state[i] = invSbox[state[i]];
  }
}

static inline void shiftRows(Guchar *state) {
  Guchar t;

  t = state[4];
  state[4] = state[5];
  state[5] = state[6];
  state[6] = state[7];
  state[7] = t;

  t = state[8];
  state[8] = state[10];
  state[10] = t;
  t = state[9];
  state[9] = state[11];
  state[11] = t;

  t = state[15];
  state[15] = state[14];
  state[14] = state[13];
  state[13] = state[12];
  state[12] = t;
}

static inline void invShiftRows(Guchar *state) {
  Guchar t;

  t = state[7];
  state[7] = state[6];
  state[6] = state[5];
  state[5] = state[4];
  state[4] = t;

  t = state[8];
  state[8] = state[10];
  state[10] = t;
  t = state[9];
  state[9] = state[11];
  state[11] = t;

  t = state[12];
  state[12] = state[13];
  state[13] = state[14];
  state[14] = state[15];
  state[15] = t;
}

// {02} \cdot s
static inline Guchar mul02(Guchar s) {
  return (s & 0x80) ? ((s << 1) ^ 0x1b) : (s << 1);
}

// {03} \cdot s
static inline Guchar mul03(Guchar s) {
  Guchar s2 = (s & 0x80) ? ((s << 1) ^ 0x1b) : (s << 1);
  return s ^ s2;
}

// {09} \cdot s
static inline Guchar mul09(Guchar s) {
  Guchar s2, s4, s8;

  s2 = (s & 0x80) ? ((s << 1) ^ 0x1b) : (s << 1);
  s4 = (s2 & 0x80) ? ((s2 << 1) ^ 0x1b) : (s2 << 1);
  s8 = (s4 & 0x80) ? ((s4 << 1) ^ 0x1b) : (s4 << 1);
  return s ^ s8;
}

// {0b} \cdot s
static inline Guchar mul0b(Guchar s) {
  Guchar s2, s4, s8;

  s2 = (s & 0x80) ? ((s << 1) ^ 0x1b) : (s << 1);
  s4 = (s2 & 0x80) ? ((s2 << 1) ^ 0x1b) : (s2 << 1);
  s8 = (s4 & 0x80) ? ((s4 << 1) ^ 0x1b) : (s4 << 1);
  return s ^ s2 ^ s8;
}

// {0d} \cdot s
static inline Guchar mul0d(Guchar s) {
  Guchar s2, s4, s8;

  s2 = (s & 0x80) ? ((s << 1) ^ 0x1b) : (s << 1);
  s4 = (s2 & 0x80) ? ((s2 << 1) ^ 0x1b) : (s2 << 1);
  s8 = (s4 & 0x80) ? ((s4 << 1) ^ 0x1b) : (s4 << 1);
  return s ^ s4 ^ s8;
}

// {0e} \cdot s
static inline Guchar mul0e(Guchar s) {
  Guchar s2, s4, s8;

  s2 = (s & 0x80) ? ((s << 1) ^ 0x1b) : (s << 1);
  s4 = (s2 & 0x80) ? ((s2 << 1) ^ 0x1b) : (s2 << 1);
  s8 = (s4 & 0x80) ? ((s4 << 1) ^ 0x1b) : (s4 << 1);
  return s2 ^ s4 ^ s8;
}

static inline void mixColumns(Guchar *state) {
  int c;
  Guchar s0, s1, s2, s3;

  for (c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
    s0 = state[c];
    s1 = state[4+c];
    s2 = state[8+c];
    s3 = state[12+c];
    state[c] =    mul02(s0) ^ mul03(s1) ^ s2 ^ s3;
    state[4+c] =  s0 ^ mul02(s1) ^ mul03(s2) ^ s3;
    state[8+c] =  s0 ^ s1 ^ mul02(s2) ^ mul03(s3);
    state[12+c] = mul03(s0) ^ s1 ^ s2 ^ mul02(s3);
  }
}

static inline void invMixColumns(Guchar *state) {
  int c;
  Guchar s0, s1, s2, s3;

  for (c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
    s0 = state[c];
    s1 = state[4+c];
    s2 = state[8+c];
    s3 = state[12+c];
    state[c] =    mul0e(s0) ^ mul0b(s1) ^ mul0d(s2) ^ mul09(s3);
    state[4+c] =  mul09(s0) ^ mul0e(s1) ^ mul0b(s2) ^ mul0d(s3);
    state[8+c] =  mul0d(s0) ^ mul09(s1) ^ mul0e(s2) ^ mul0b(s3);
    state[12+c] = mul0b(s0) ^ mul0d(s1) ^ mul09(s2) ^ mul0e(s3);
  }
}

static inline void invMixColumnsW(Guint *w) {
  int c;
  Guchar s0, s1, s2, s3;

  for (c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
    s0 = w[c] >> 24;
    s1 = w[c] >> 16;
    s2 = w[c] >> 8;
    s3 = w[c];
    w[c] = ((mul0e(s0) ^ mul0b(s1) ^ mul0d(s2) ^ mul09(s3)) << 24)
           | ((mul09(s0) ^ mul0e(s1) ^ mul0b(s2) ^ mul0d(s3)) << 16)
           | ((mul0d(s0) ^ mul09(s1) ^ mul0e(s2) ^ mul0b(s3)) << 8)
           | (mul0b(s0) ^ mul0d(s1) ^ mul09(s2) ^ mul0e(s3));
  }
}

static inline void addRoundKey(Guchar *state, Guint *w) {
  int c;

  for (c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
    state[c] ^= w[c] >> 24;
    state[4+c] ^= w[c] >> 16;
    state[8+c] ^= w[c] >> 8;
    state[12+c] ^= w[c];
  }
}

static void aesKeyExpansion(DecryptAESState *s,
			    Guchar *objKey, int /*objKeyLen*/, GBool decrypt) {
  Guint temp;
  int i, round;

  //~ this assumes objKeyLen == 16

  for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
    s->w[i] = (objKey[4*i] << 24) + (objKey[4*i+1] << 16) +
              (objKey[4*i+2] << 8) + objKey[4*i+3];
  }
  for (i = 4; i < 44; ++i) {
    temp = s->w[i-1];
    if (!(i & 3)) {
      temp = subWord(rotWord(temp)) ^ rcon[i/4];
    }
    s->w[i] = s->w[i-4] ^ temp;
  }

  /* In case of decryption, adjust the key schedule for the equivalent inverse cipher */
  if (decrypt) {
    for (round = 1; round <= 9; ++round) {
      invMixColumnsW(&s->w[round * 4]);
    }
  }
}

static void aesEncryptBlock(DecryptAESState *s, Guchar *in) {
  int c, round;

  // initial state (input is xor'd with previous output because of CBC)
  for (c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
    s->state[c] = in[4*c] ^ s->buf[4*c];
    s->state[4+c] = in[4*c+1] ^ s->buf[4*c+1];
    s->state[8+c] = in[4*c+2] ^ s->buf[4*c+2];
    s->state[12+c] = in[4*c+3] ^ s->buf[4*c+3];
  }

  // round 0
  addRoundKey(s->state, &s->w[0]);

  // rounds 1-9
  for (round = 1; round <= 9; ++round) {
    subBytes(s->state);
    shiftRows(s->state);
    mixColumns(s->state);
    addRoundKey(s->state, &s->w[round * 4]);
  }

  // round 10
  subBytes(s->state);
  shiftRows(s->state);
  addRoundKey(s->state, &s->w[10 * 4]);

  for (c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
    s->buf[4*c] = s->state[c];
    s->buf[4*c+1] = s->state[4+c];
    s->buf[4*c+2] = s->state[8+c];
    s->buf[4*c+3] = s->state[12+c];
  }

  s->bufIdx = 0;
}

static void aesDecryptBlock(DecryptAESState *s, Guchar *in, GBool last) {
  int c, round, n, i;

  // initial state
  for (c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
    s->state[c] = in[4*c];
    s->state[4+c] = in[4*c+1];
    s->state[8+c] = in[4*c+2];
    s->state[12+c] = in[4*c+3];
  }

  // round 0
  addRoundKey(s->state, &s->w[10 * 4]);

  // rounds 1-9
  for (round = 9; round >= 1; --round) {
    invSubBytes(s->state);
    invShiftRows(s->state);
    invMixColumns(s->state);
    addRoundKey(s->state, &s->w[round * 4]);
  }

  // round 10
  invSubBytes(s->state);
  invShiftRows(s->state);
  addRoundKey(s->state, &s->w[0]);

  // CBC
  for (c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
    s->buf[4*c] = s->state[c] ^ s->cbc[4*c];
    s->buf[4*c+1] = s->state[4+c] ^ s->cbc[4*c+1];
    s->buf[4*c+2] = s->state[8+c] ^ s->cbc[4*c+2];
    s->buf[4*c+3] = s->state[12+c] ^ s->cbc[4*c+3];
  }

  // save the input block for the next CBC
  for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
    s->cbc[i] = in[i];
  }

  // remove padding
  s->bufIdx = 0;
  if (last) {
    n = s->buf[15];
    if (n < 1 || n > 16) { // this should never happen
      n = 16;
    }
    for (i = 15; i >= n; --i) {
      s->buf[i] = s->buf[i-n];
    }
    s->bufIdx = n;
  }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// AES-256 decryption
//------------------------------------------------------------------------

static void aes256KeyExpansion(DecryptAES256State *s,
			       Guchar *objKey, int objKeyLen, GBool decrypt) {
  Guint temp;
  int i, round;

  //~ this assumes objKeyLen == 32

  for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
    s->w[i] = (objKey[4*i] << 24) + (objKey[4*i+1] << 16) +
              (objKey[4*i+2] << 8) + objKey[4*i+3];
  }
  for (i = 8; i < 60; ++i) {
    temp = s->w[i-1];
    if ((i & 7) == 0) {
      temp = subWord(rotWord(temp)) ^ rcon[i/8];
    } else if ((i & 7) == 4) {
      temp = subWord(temp);
    }
    s->w[i] = s->w[i-8] ^ temp;
  }

  /* In case of decryption, adjust the key schedule for the equivalent inverse cipher */
  if (decrypt) {
    for (round = 1; round <= 13; ++round) {
      invMixColumnsW(&s->w[round * 4]);
    }
  }
}

static void aes256EncryptBlock(DecryptAES256State *s, Guchar *in) {
  int c, round;

  // initial state (input is xor'd with previous output because of CBC)
  for (c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
    s->state[c] = in[4*c] ^ s->buf[4*c];
    s->state[4+c] = in[4*c+1] ^ s->buf[4*c+1];
    s->state[8+c] = in[4*c+2] ^ s->buf[4*c+2];
    s->state[12+c] = in[4*c+3] ^ s->buf[4*c+3];
  }

  // round 0
  addRoundKey(s->state, &s->w[0]);

  // rounds 1-13
  for (round = 1; round <= 13; ++round) {
    subBytes(s->state);
    shiftRows(s->state);
    mixColumns(s->state);
    addRoundKey(s->state, &s->w[round * 4]);
  }

  // round 14
  subBytes(s->state);
  shiftRows(s->state);
  addRoundKey(s->state, &s->w[14 * 4]);

  for (c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
    s->buf[4*c] = s->state[c];
    s->buf[4*c+1] = s->state[4+c];
    s->buf[4*c+2] = s->state[8+c];
    s->buf[4*c+3] = s->state[12+c];
  }

  s->bufIdx = 0;
}

static void aes256DecryptBlock(DecryptAES256State *s, Guchar *in, GBool last) {
  int c, round, n, i;

  // initial state
  for (c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
    s->state[c] = in[4*c];
    s->state[4+c] = in[4*c+1];
    s->state[8+c] = in[4*c+2];
    s->state[12+c] = in[4*c+3];
  }

  // round 0
  addRoundKey(s->state, &s->w[14 * 4]);

  // rounds 13-1
  for (round = 13; round >= 1; --round) {
    invSubBytes(s->state);
    invShiftRows(s->state);
    invMixColumns(s->state);
    addRoundKey(s->state, &s->w[round * 4]);
  }

  // round 14
  invSubBytes(s->state);
  invShiftRows(s->state);
  addRoundKey(s->state, &s->w[0]);

  // CBC
  for (c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
    s->buf[4*c] = s->state[c] ^ s->cbc[4*c];
    s->buf[4*c+1] = s->state[4+c] ^ s->cbc[4*c+1];
    s->buf[4*c+2] = s->state[8+c] ^ s->cbc[4*c+2];
    s->buf[4*c+3] = s->state[12+c] ^ s->cbc[4*c+3];
  }

  // save the input block for the next CBC
  for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
    s->cbc[i] = in[i];
  }

  // remove padding
  s->bufIdx = 0;
  if (last) {
    n = s->buf[15];
    if (n < 1 || n > 16) { // this should never happen
      n = 16;
    }
    for (i = 15; i >= n; --i) {
      s->buf[i] = s->buf[i-n];
    }
    s->bufIdx = n;
    if (n > 16)
    {
      error(errSyntaxError, -1, "Reducing bufIdx from {0:d} to 16 to not crash", n);
      s->bufIdx = 16;
    }
  }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MD5 message digest
//------------------------------------------------------------------------

// this works around a bug in older Sun compilers
static inline Gulong rotateLeft(Gulong x, int r) {
  x &= 0xffffffff;
  return ((x << r) | (x >> (32 - r))) & 0xffffffff;
}

static inline Gulong md5Round1(Gulong a, Gulong b, Gulong c, Gulong d,
			       Gulong Xk,  Gulong s, Gulong Ti) {
  return b + rotateLeft((a + ((b & c) | (~b & d)) + Xk + Ti), s);
}

static inline Gulong md5Round2(Gulong a, Gulong b, Gulong c, Gulong d,
			       Gulong Xk,  Gulong s, Gulong Ti) {
  return b + rotateLeft((a + ((b & d) | (c & ~d)) + Xk + Ti), s);
}

static inline Gulong md5Round3(Gulong a, Gulong b, Gulong c, Gulong d,
			       Gulong Xk,  Gulong s, Gulong Ti) {
  return b + rotateLeft((a + (b ^ c ^ d) + Xk + Ti), s);
}

static inline Gulong md5Round4(Gulong a, Gulong b, Gulong c, Gulong d,
			       Gulong Xk,  Gulong s, Gulong Ti) {
  return b + rotateLeft((a + (c ^ (b | ~d)) + Xk + Ti), s);
}

void md5(Guchar *msg, int msgLen, Guchar *digest) {
  Gulong x[16];
  Gulong a, b, c, d, aa, bb, cc, dd;
  int n64;
  int i, j, k;

  // sanity check
  if (msgLen < 0) {
    return;
  }

  // compute number of 64-byte blocks
  // (length + pad byte (0x80) + 8 bytes for length)
  n64 = (msgLen + 1 + 8 + 63) / 64;

  // initialize a, b, c, d
  a = 0x67452301;
  b = 0xefcdab89;
  c = 0x98badcfe;
  d = 0x10325476;

  // loop through blocks
  k = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < n64; ++i) {

    // grab a 64-byte block
    for (j = 0; j < 16 && k < msgLen - 3; ++j, k += 4)
      x[j] = (((((msg[k+3] << 8) + msg[k+2]) << 8) + msg[k+1]) << 8) + msg[k];
    if (i == n64 - 1) {
      if (k == msgLen - 3)
	x[j] = 0x80000000 + (((msg[k+2] << 8) + msg[k+1]) << 8) + msg[k];
      else if (k == msgLen - 2)
	x[j] = 0x800000 + (msg[k+1] << 8) + msg[k];
      else if (k == msgLen - 1)
	x[j] = 0x8000 + msg[k];
      else
	x[j] = 0x80;
      ++j;
      while (j < 16)
	x[j++] = 0;
      x[14] = msgLen << 3;
    }

    // save a, b, c, d
    aa = a;
    bb = b;
    cc = c;
    dd = d;

    // round 1
    a = md5Round1(a, b, c, d, x[0],   7, 0xd76aa478);
    d = md5Round1(d, a, b, c, x[1],  12, 0xe8c7b756);
    c = md5Round1(c, d, a, b, x[2],  17, 0x242070db);
    b = md5Round1(b, c, d, a, x[3],  22, 0xc1bdceee);
    a = md5Round1(a, b, c, d, x[4],   7, 0xf57c0faf);
    d = md5Round1(d, a, b, c, x[5],  12, 0x4787c62a);
    c = md5Round1(c, d, a, b, x[6],  17, 0xa8304613);
    b = md5Round1(b, c, d, a, x[7],  22, 0xfd469501);
    a = md5Round1(a, b, c, d, x[8],   7, 0x698098d8);
    d = md5Round1(d, a, b, c, x[9],  12, 0x8b44f7af);
    c = md5Round1(c, d, a, b, x[10], 17, 0xffff5bb1);
    b = md5Round1(b, c, d, a, x[11], 22, 0x895cd7be);
    a = md5Round1(a, b, c, d, x[12],  7, 0x6b901122);
    d = md5Round1(d, a, b, c, x[13], 12, 0xfd987193);
    c = md5Round1(c, d, a, b, x[14], 17, 0xa679438e);
    b = md5Round1(b, c, d, a, x[15], 22, 0x49b40821);

    // round 2
    a = md5Round2(a, b, c, d, x[1],   5, 0xf61e2562);
    d = md5Round2(d, a, b, c, x[6],   9, 0xc040b340);
    c = md5Round2(c, d, a, b, x[11], 14, 0x265e5a51);
    b = md5Round2(b, c, d, a, x[0],  20, 0xe9b6c7aa);
    a = md5Round2(a, b, c, d, x[5],   5, 0xd62f105d);
    d = md5Round2(d, a, b, c, x[10],  9, 0x02441453);
    c = md5Round2(c, d, a, b, x[15], 14, 0xd8a1e681);
    b = md5Round2(b, c, d, a, x[4],  20, 0xe7d3fbc8);
    a = md5Round2(a, b, c, d, x[9],   5, 0x21e1cde6);
    d = md5Round2(d, a, b, c, x[14],  9, 0xc33707d6);
    c = md5Round2(c, d, a, b, x[3],  14, 0xf4d50d87);
    b = md5Round2(b, c, d, a, x[8],  20, 0x455a14ed);
    a = md5Round2(a, b, c, d, x[13],  5, 0xa9e3e905);
    d = md5Round2(d, a, b, c, x[2],   9, 0xfcefa3f8);
    c = md5Round2(c, d, a, b, x[7],  14, 0x676f02d9);
    b = md5Round2(b, c, d, a, x[12], 20, 0x8d2a4c8a);

    // round 3
    a = md5Round3(a, b, c, d, x[5],   4, 0xfffa3942);
    d = md5Round3(d, a, b, c, x[8],  11, 0x8771f681);
    c = md5Round3(c, d, a, b, x[11], 16, 0x6d9d6122);
    b = md5Round3(b, c, d, a, x[14], 23, 0xfde5380c);
    a = md5Round3(a, b, c, d, x[1],   4, 0xa4beea44);
    d = md5Round3(d, a, b, c, x[4],  11, 0x4bdecfa9);
    c = md5Round3(c, d, a, b, x[7],  16, 0xf6bb4b60);
    b = md5Round3(b, c, d, a, x[10], 23, 0xbebfbc70);
    a = md5Round3(a, b, c, d, x[13],  4, 0x289b7ec6);
    d = md5Round3(d, a, b, c, x[0],  11, 0xeaa127fa);
    c = md5Round3(c, d, a, b, x[3],  16, 0xd4ef3085);
    b = md5Round3(b, c, d, a, x[6],  23, 0x04881d05);
    a = md5Round3(a, b, c, d, x[9],   4, 0xd9d4d039);
    d = md5Round3(d, a, b, c, x[12], 11, 0xe6db99e5);
    c = md5Round3(c, d, a, b, x[15], 16, 0x1fa27cf8);
    b = md5Round3(b, c, d, a, x[2],  23, 0xc4ac5665);

    // round 4
    a = md5Round4(a, b, c, d, x[0],   6, 0xf4292244);
    d = md5Round4(d, a, b, c, x[7],  10, 0x432aff97);
    c = md5Round4(c, d, a, b, x[14], 15, 0xab9423a7);
    b = md5Round4(b, c, d, a, x[5],  21, 0xfc93a039);
    a = md5Round4(a, b, c, d, x[12],  6, 0x655b59c3);
    d = md5Round4(d, a, b, c, x[3],  10, 0x8f0ccc92);
    c = md5Round4(c, d, a, b, x[10], 15, 0xffeff47d);
    b = md5Round4(b, c, d, a, x[1],  21, 0x85845dd1);
    a = md5Round4(a, b, c, d, x[8],   6, 0x6fa87e4f);
    d = md5Round4(d, a, b, c, x[15], 10, 0xfe2ce6e0);
    c = md5Round4(c, d, a, b, x[6],  15, 0xa3014314);
    b = md5Round4(b, c, d, a, x[13], 21, 0x4e0811a1);
    a = md5Round4(a, b, c, d, x[4],   6, 0xf7537e82);
    d = md5Round4(d, a, b, c, x[11], 10, 0xbd3af235);
    c = md5Round4(c, d, a, b, x[2],  15, 0x2ad7d2bb);
    b = md5Round4(b, c, d, a, x[9],  21, 0xeb86d391);

    // increment a, b, c, d
    a += aa;
    b += bb;
    c += cc;
    d += dd;
  }

  // break digest into bytes
  digest[0] = (Guchar)(a & 0xff);
  digest[1] = (Guchar)((a >>= 8) & 0xff);
  digest[2] = (Guchar)((a >>= 8) & 0xff);
  digest[3] = (Guchar)((a >>= 8) & 0xff);
  digest[4] = (Guchar)(b & 0xff);
  digest[5] = (Guchar)((b >>= 8) & 0xff);
  digest[6] = (Guchar)((b >>= 8) & 0xff);
  digest[7] = (Guchar)((b >>= 8) & 0xff);
  digest[8] = (Guchar)(c & 0xff);
  digest[9] = (Guchar)((c >>= 8) & 0xff);
  digest[10] = (Guchar)((c >>= 8) & 0xff);
  digest[11] = (Guchar)((c >>= 8) & 0xff);
  digest[12] = (Guchar)(d & 0xff);
  digest[13] = (Guchar)((d >>= 8) & 0xff);
  digest[14] = (Guchar)((d >>= 8) & 0xff);
  digest[15] = (Guchar)((d >>= 8) & 0xff);
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
// SHA-256 hash
//------------------------------------------------------------------------

static Guint sha256K[64] = {
  0x428a2f98, 0x71374491, 0xb5c0fbcf, 0xe9b5dba5,
  0x3956c25b, 0x59f111f1, 0x923f82a4, 0xab1c5ed5,
  0xd807aa98, 0x12835b01, 0x243185be, 0x550c7dc3,
  0x72be5d74, 0x80deb1fe, 0x9bdc06a7, 0xc19bf174,
  0xe49b69c1, 0xefbe4786, 0x0fc19dc6, 0x240ca1cc,
  0x2de92c6f, 0x4a7484aa, 0x5cb0a9dc, 0x76f988da,
  0x983e5152, 0xa831c66d, 0xb00327c8, 0xbf597fc7,
  0xc6e00bf3, 0xd5a79147, 0x06ca6351, 0x14292967,
  0x27b70a85, 0x2e1b2138, 0x4d2c6dfc, 0x53380d13,
  0x650a7354, 0x766a0abb, 0x81c2c92e, 0x92722c85,
  0xa2bfe8a1, 0xa81a664b, 0xc24b8b70, 0xc76c51a3,
  0xd192e819, 0xd6990624, 0xf40e3585, 0x106aa070,
  0x19a4c116, 0x1e376c08, 0x2748774c, 0x34b0bcb5,
  0x391c0cb3, 0x4ed8aa4a, 0x5b9cca4f, 0x682e6ff3,
  0x748f82ee, 0x78a5636f, 0x84c87814, 0x8cc70208,
  0x90befffa, 0xa4506ceb, 0xbef9a3f7, 0xc67178f2
};

static inline Guint rotr(Guint x, Guint n) {
  return (x >> n) | (x << (32 - n));
}

static inline Guint sha256Ch(Guint x, Guint y, Guint z) {
  return (x & y) ^ (~x & z);
}

static inline Guint sha256Maj(Guint x, Guint y, Guint z) {
  return (x & y) ^ (x & z) ^ (y & z);
}

static inline Guint sha256Sigma0(Guint x) {
  return rotr(x, 2) ^ rotr(x, 13) ^ rotr(x, 22);
}

static inline Guint sha256Sigma1(Guint x) {
  return rotr(x, 6) ^ rotr(x, 11) ^ rotr(x, 25);
}

static inline Guint sha256sigma0(Guint x) {
  return rotr(x, 7) ^ rotr(x, 18) ^ (x >> 3);
}

static inline Guint sha256sigma1(Guint x) {
  return rotr(x, 17) ^ rotr(x, 19) ^ (x >> 10);
}

void sha256HashBlock(Guchar *blk, Guint *H) {
  Guint W[64];
  Guint a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h;
  Guint T1, T2;
  Guint t;

  // 1. prepare the message schedule
  for (t = 0; t < 16; ++t) {
    W[t] = (blk[t*4] << 24) |
           (blk[t*4 + 1] << 16) |
           (blk[t*4 + 2] << 8) |
           blk[t*4 + 3];
  }
  for (t = 16; t < 64; ++t) {
    W[t] = sha256sigma1(W[t-2]) + W[t-7] + sha256sigma0(W[t-15]) + W[t-16];
  }

  // 2. initialize the eight working variables
  a = H[0];
  b = H[1];
  c = H[2];
  d = H[3];
  e = H[4];
  f = H[5];
  g = H[6];
  h = H[7];

  // 3.
  for (t = 0; t < 64; ++t) {
    T1 = h + sha256Sigma1(e) + sha256Ch(e,f,g) + sha256K[t] + W[t];
    T2 = sha256Sigma0(a) + sha256Maj(a,b,c);
    h = g;
    g = f;
    f = e;
    e = d + T1;
    d = c;
    c = b;
    b = a;
    a = T1 + T2;
  }

  // 4. compute the intermediate hash value
  H[0] += a;
  H[1] += b;
  H[2] += c;
  H[3] += d;
  H[4] += e;
  H[5] += f;
  H[6] += g;
  H[7] += h;
}

static void sha256(Guchar *msg, int msgLen, Guchar *hash) {
  Guchar blk[64];
  Guint H[8];
  int blkLen, i;

  H[0] = 0x6a09e667;
  H[1] = 0xbb67ae85;
  H[2] = 0x3c6ef372;
  H[3] = 0xa54ff53a;
  H[4] = 0x510e527f;
  H[5] = 0x9b05688c;
  H[6] = 0x1f83d9ab;
  H[7] = 0x5be0cd19;

  blkLen = 0;
  for (i = 0; i + 64 <= msgLen; i += 64) {
    sha256HashBlock(msg + i, H);
  }
  blkLen = msgLen - i;
  if (blkLen > 0) {
    memcpy(blk, msg + i, blkLen);
  }

  // pad the message
  blk[blkLen++] = 0x80;
  if (blkLen > 56) {
    while (blkLen < 64) {
      blk[blkLen++] = 0;
    }
    sha256HashBlock(blk, H);
    blkLen = 0;
  }
  while (blkLen < 56) {
    blk[blkLen++] = 0;
  }
  blk[56] = 0;
  blk[57] = 0;
  blk[58] = 0;
  blk[59] = 0;
  blk[60] = (Guchar)(msgLen >> 21);
  blk[61] = (Guchar)(msgLen >> 13);
  blk[62] = (Guchar)(msgLen >> 5);
  blk[63] = (Guchar)(msgLen << 3);
  sha256HashBlock(blk, H);

  // copy the output into the buffer (convert words to bytes)
  for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
    hash[i*4]     = (Guchar)(H[i] >> 24);
    hash[i*4 + 1] = (Guchar)(H[i] >> 16);
    hash[i*4 + 2] = (Guchar)(H[i] >> 8);
    hash[i*4 + 3] = (Guchar)H[i];
  }
}