| --- |
| layout: default |
| --- |
| <!DOCTYPE html> |
| <html lang="en"> |
| <head> |
| <meta charset="UTF-8"> |
| <!--[if IE]><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><![endif]--> |
| <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> |
| <meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 1.5.6.1"> |
| <meta name="author" content="Garrett D'Amore"> |
| <title>WebSocket Mapping for Scalability Protocols</title> |
| <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"> |
| <style> |
| /* Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | http://asciidoctor.org */ |
| /* Remove comment around @import statement below when using as a custom stylesheet */ |
| /*@import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700";*/ |
| article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,nav,section,summary{display:block} |
| audio,canvas,video{display:inline-block} |
| audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0} |
| [hidden],template{display:none} |
| script{display:none!important} |
| html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%} |
| a{background:transparent} |
| a:focus{outline:thin dotted} |
| a:active,a:hover{outline:0} |
| h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0} |
| abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted} |
| b,strong{font-weight:bold} |
| dfn{font-style:italic} |
| hr{-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;height:0} |
| mark{background:#ff0;color:#000} |
| code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:1em} |
| pre{white-space:pre-wrap} |
| q{quotes:"\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"} |
| small{font-size:80%} |
| sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline} |
| sup{top:-.5em} |
| sub{bottom:-.25em} |
| img{border:0} |
| svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden} |
| figure{margin:0} |
| fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em} |
| legend{border:0;padding:0} |
| button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0} |
| button,input{line-height:normal} |
| button,select{text-transform:none} |
| button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer} |
| button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default} |
| input[type="checkbox"],input[type="radio"]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0} |
| input[type="search"]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box} |
| input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none} |
| button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0} |
| textarea{overflow:auto;vertical-align:top} |
| table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0} |
| *,*:before,*:after{-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box} |
| html,body{font-size:100%} |
| body{background:#fff;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:0;margin:0;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;line-height:1;position:relative;cursor:auto;tab-size:4;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased} |
| a:hover{cursor:pointer} |
| img,object,embed{max-width:100%;height:auto} |
| object,embed{height:100%} |
| img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic} |
| .left{float:left!important} |
| .right{float:right!important} |
| .text-left{text-align:left!important} |
| .text-right{text-align:right!important} |
| .text-center{text-align:center!important} |
| .text-justify{text-align:justify!important} |
| .hide{display:none} |
| img,object,svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle} |
| textarea{height:auto;min-height:50px} |
| select{width:100%} |
| .center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto} |
| .spread{width:100%} |
| p.lead,.paragraph.lead>p,#preamble>.sectionbody>.paragraph:first-of-type p{font-size:1.21875em;line-height:1.6} |
| .subheader,.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{line-height:1.45;color:#7a2518;font-weight:400;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.25em} |
| div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,p,blockquote,th,td{margin:0;padding:0;direction:ltr} |
| a{color:#2156a5;text-decoration:underline;line-height:inherit} |
| a:hover,a:focus{color:#1d4b8f} |
| a img{border:none} |
| p{font-family:inherit;font-weight:400;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility} |
| p aside{font-size:.875em;line-height:1.35;font-style:italic} |
| h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:300;font-style:normal;color:#ba3925;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:.5em;line-height:1.0125em} |
| h1 small,h2 small,h3 small,#toctitle small,.sidebarblock>.content>.title small,h4 small,h5 small,h6 small{font-size:60%;color:#e99b8f;line-height:0} |
| h1{font-size:2.125em} |
| h2{font-size:1.6875em} |
| h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.375em} |
| h4,h5{font-size:1.125em} |
| h6{font-size:1em} |
| hr{border:solid #ddddd8;border-width:1px 0 0;clear:both;margin:1.25em 0 1.1875em;height:0} |
| em,i{font-style:italic;line-height:inherit} |
| strong,b{font-weight:bold;line-height:inherit} |
| small{font-size:60%;line-height:inherit} |
| code{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)} |
| ul,ol,dl{font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;list-style-position:outside;font-family:inherit} |
| ul,ol{margin-left:1.5em} |
| ul li ul,ul li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0;font-size:1em} |
| ul.square li ul,ul.circle li ul,ul.disc li ul{list-style:inherit} |
| ul.square{list-style-type:square} |
| ul.circle{list-style-type:circle} |
| ul.disc{list-style-type:disc} |
| ol li ul,ol li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0} |
| dl dt{margin-bottom:.3125em;font-weight:bold} |
| dl dd{margin-bottom:1.25em} |
| abbr,acronym{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:90%;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);border-bottom:1px dotted #ddd;cursor:help} |
| abbr{text-transform:none} |
| blockquote{margin:0 0 1.25em;padding:.5625em 1.25em 0 1.1875em;border-left:1px solid #ddd} |
| blockquote cite{display:block;font-size:.9375em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)} |
| blockquote cite:before{content:"\2014 \0020"} |
| blockquote cite a,blockquote cite a:visited{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)} |
| blockquote,blockquote p{line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)} |
| @media only screen and (min-width:768px){h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2} |
| h1{font-size:2.75em} |
| h2{font-size:2.3125em} |
| h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.6875em} |
| h4{font-size:1.4375em}} |
| table{background:#fff;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:solid 1px #dedede} |
| table thead,table tfoot{background:#f7f8f7;font-weight:bold} |
| table thead tr th,table thead tr td,table tfoot tr th,table tfoot tr td{padding:.5em .625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);text-align:left} |
| table tr th,table tr td{padding:.5625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8)} |
| table tr.even,table tr.alt,table tr:nth-of-type(even){background:#f8f8f7} |
| table thead tr th,table tfoot tr th,table tbody tr td,table tr td,table tfoot tr td{display:table-cell;line-height:1.6} |
| h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2;word-spacing:-.05em} |
| h1 strong,h2 strong,h3 strong,#toctitle strong,.sidebarblock>.content>.title strong,h4 strong,h5 strong,h6 strong{font-weight:400} |
| .clearfix:before,.clearfix:after,.float-group:before,.float-group:after{content:" ";display:table} |
| .clearfix:after,.float-group:after{clear:both} |
| *:not(pre)>code{font-size:.9375em;font-style:normal!important;letter-spacing:0;padding:.1em .5ex;word-spacing:-.15em;background-color:#f7f7f8;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed;word-wrap:break-word} |
| *:not(pre)>code.nobreak{word-wrap:normal} |
| *:not(pre)>code.nowrap{white-space:nowrap} |
| pre,pre>code{line-height:1.45;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9);font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed} |
| em em{font-style:normal} |
| strong strong{font-weight:400} |
| .keyseq{color:rgba(51,51,51,.8)} |
| kbd{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;display:inline-block;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-size:.65em;line-height:1.45;background-color:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ccc;-webkit-border-radius:3px;border-radius:3px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 0 0 .1em white inset;box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 0 0 .1em #fff inset;margin:0 .15em;padding:.2em .5em;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;top:-.1em;white-space:nowrap} |
| .keyseq kbd:first-child{margin-left:0} |
| .keyseq kbd:last-child{margin-right:0} |
| .menuseq,.menuref{color:#000} |
| .menuseq b:not(.caret),.menuref{font-weight:inherit} |
| .menuseq{word-spacing:-.02em} |
| .menuseq b.caret{font-size:1.25em;line-height:.8} |
| .menuseq i.caret{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;width:.45em} |
| b.button:before,b.button:after{position:relative;top:-1px;font-weight:400} |
| b.button:before{content:"[";padding:0 3px 0 2px} |
| b.button:after{content:"]";padding:0 2px 0 3px} |
| p a>code:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)} |
| #header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;max-width:62.5em;*zoom:1;position:relative;padding-left:.9375em;padding-right:.9375em} |
| #header:before,#header:after,#content:before,#content:after,#footnotes:before,#footnotes:after,#footer:before,#footer:after{content:" ";display:table} |
| #header:after,#content:after,#footnotes:after,#footer:after{clear:both} |
| #content{margin-top:1.25em} |
| #content:before{content:none} |
| #header>h1:first-child{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:0} |
| #header>h1:first-child+#toc{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid #ddddd8} |
| #header>h1:only-child,body.toc2 #header>h1:nth-last-child(2){border-bottom:1px solid #ddddd8;padding-bottom:8px} |
| #header .details{border-bottom:1px solid #ddddd8;line-height:1.45;padding-top:.25em;padding-bottom:.25em;padding-left:.25em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap} |
| #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:-.125em} |
| #header .details span.email a{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)} |
| #header .details br{display:none} |
| #header .details br+span:before{content:"\00a0\2013\00a0"} |
| #header .details br+span.author:before{content:"\00a0\22c5\00a0";color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)} |
| #header .details br+span#revremark:before{content:"\00a0|\00a0"} |
| #header #revnumber{text-transform:capitalize} |
| #header #revnumber:after{content:"\00a0"} |
| #content>h1:first-child:not([class]){color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);border-bottom:1px solid #ddddd8;padding-bottom:8px;margin-top:0;padding-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem} |
| #toc{border-bottom:1px solid #efefed;padding-bottom:.5em} |
| #toc>ul{margin-left:.125em} |
| #toc ul.sectlevel0>li>a{font-style:italic} |
| #toc ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{margin:.5em 0} |
| #toc ul{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;list-style-type:none} |
| #toc li{line-height:1.3334;margin-top:.3334em} |
| #toc a{text-decoration:none} |
| #toc a:active{text-decoration:underline} |
| #toctitle{color:#7a2518;font-size:1.2em} |
| @media only screen and (min-width:768px){#toctitle{font-size:1.375em} |
| body.toc2{padding-left:15em;padding-right:0} |
| #toc.toc2{margin-top:0!important;background-color:#f8f8f7;position:fixed;width:15em;left:0;top:0;border-right:1px solid #efefed;border-top-width:0!important;border-bottom-width:0!important;z-index:1000;padding:1.25em 1em;height:100%;overflow:auto} |
| #toc.toc2 #toctitle{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.8rem;font-size:1.2em} |
| #toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.9em;margin-bottom:0} |
| #toc.toc2 ul ul{margin-left:0;padding-left:1em} |
| #toc.toc2 ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{padding-left:0;margin-top:.5em;margin-bottom:.5em} |
| body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:15em} |
| body.toc2.toc-right #toc.toc2{border-right-width:0;border-left:1px solid #efefed;left:auto;right:0}} |
| @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){body.toc2{padding-left:20em;padding-right:0} |
| #toc.toc2{width:20em} |
| #toc.toc2 #toctitle{font-size:1.375em} |
| #toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.95em} |
| #toc.toc2 ul ul{padding-left:1.25em} |
| body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:20em}} |
| #content #toc{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px} |
| #content #toc>:first-child{margin-top:0} |
| #content #toc>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} |
| #footer{max-width:100%;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:1.25em} |
| #footer-text{color:rgba(255,255,255,.8);line-height:1.44} |
| .sect1{padding-bottom:.625em} |
| @media only screen and (min-width:768px){.sect1{padding-bottom:1.25em}} |
| .sect1+.sect1{border-top:1px solid #efefed} |
| #content h1>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor,#toctitle>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor{position:absolute;z-index:1001;width:1.5ex;margin-left:-1.5ex;display:block;text-decoration:none!important;visibility:hidden;text-align:center;font-weight:400} |
| #content h1>a.anchor:before,h2>a.anchor:before,h3>a.anchor:before,#toctitle>a.anchor:before,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor:before,h4>a.anchor:before,h5>a.anchor:before,h6>a.anchor:before{content:"\00A7";font-size:.85em;display:block;padding-top:.1em} |
| #content h1:hover>a.anchor,#content h1>a.anchor:hover,h2:hover>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor:hover,h3:hover>a.anchor,#toctitle:hover>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title:hover>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor:hover,#toctitle>a.anchor:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor:hover,h4:hover>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor:hover,h5:hover>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor:hover,h6:hover>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor:hover{visibility:visible} |
| #content h1>a.link,h2>a.link,h3>a.link,#toctitle>a.link,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link,h4>a.link,h5>a.link,h6>a.link{color:#ba3925;text-decoration:none} |
| #content h1>a.link:hover,h2>a.link:hover,h3>a.link:hover,#toctitle>a.link:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link:hover,h4>a.link:hover,h5>a.link:hover,h6>a.link:hover{color:#a53221} |
| .audioblock,.imageblock,.literalblock,.listingblock,.stemblock,.videoblock{margin-bottom:1.25em} |
| .admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;text-align:left;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;font-size:1rem;font-style:italic} |
| table.tableblock>caption.title{white-space:nowrap;overflow:visible;max-width:0} |
| .paragraph.lead>p,#preamble>.sectionbody>.paragraph:first-of-type p{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)} |
| table.tableblock #preamble>.sectionbody>.paragraph:first-of-type p{font-size:inherit} |
| .admonitionblock>table{border-collapse:separate;border:0;background:none;width:100%} |
| .admonitionblock>table td.icon{text-align:center;width:80px} |
| .admonitionblock>table td.icon img{max-width:initial} |
| .admonitionblock>table td.icon .title{font-weight:bold;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase} |
| .admonitionblock>table td.content{padding-left:1.125em;padding-right:1.25em;border-left:1px solid #ddddd8;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)} |
| .admonitionblock>table td.content>:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} |
| .exampleblock>.content{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e6e6e6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#fff;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px} |
| .exampleblock>.content>:first-child{margin-top:0} |
| .exampleblock>.content>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} |
| .sidebarblock{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px} |
| .sidebarblock>:first-child{margin-top:0} |
| .sidebarblock>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} |
| .sidebarblock>.content>.title{color:#7a2518;margin-top:0;text-align:center} |
| .exampleblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} |
| .literalblock pre,.listingblock pre:not(.highlight),.listingblock pre[class="highlight"],.listingblock pre[class^="highlight "],.listingblock pre.CodeRay,.listingblock pre.prettyprint{background:#f7f7f8} |
| .sidebarblock .literalblock pre,.sidebarblock .listingblock pre:not(.highlight),.sidebarblock .listingblock pre[class="highlight"],.sidebarblock .listingblock pre[class^="highlight "],.sidebarblock .listingblock pre.CodeRay,.sidebarblock .listingblock pre.prettyprint{background:#f2f1f1} |
| .literalblock pre,.literalblock pre[class],.listingblock pre,.listingblock pre[class]{-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;word-wrap:break-word;padding:1em;font-size:.8125em} |
| .literalblock pre.nowrap,.literalblock pre[class].nowrap,.listingblock pre.nowrap,.listingblock pre[class].nowrap{overflow-x:auto;white-space:pre;word-wrap:normal} |
| @media only screen and (min-width:768px){.literalblock pre,.literalblock pre[class],.listingblock pre,.listingblock pre[class]{font-size:.90625em}} |
| @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.literalblock pre,.literalblock pre[class],.listingblock pre,.listingblock pre[class]{font-size:1em}} |
| .literalblock.output pre{color:#f7f7f8;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)} |
| .listingblock pre.highlightjs{padding:0} |
| .listingblock pre.highlightjs>code{padding:1em;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px} |
| .listingblock pre.prettyprint{border-width:0} |
| .listingblock>.content{position:relative} |
| .listingblock code[data-lang]:before{display:none;content:attr(data-lang);position:absolute;font-size:.75em;top:.425rem;right:.5rem;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase;color:#999} |
| .listingblock:hover code[data-lang]:before{display:block} |
| .listingblock.terminal pre .command:before{content:attr(data-prompt);padding-right:.5em;color:#999} |
| .listingblock.terminal pre .command:not([data-prompt]):before{content:"$"} |
| table.pyhltable{border-collapse:separate;border:0;margin-bottom:0;background:none} |
| table.pyhltable td{vertical-align:top;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;line-height:1.45} |
| table.pyhltable td.code{padding-left:.75em;padding-right:0} |
| pre.pygments .lineno,table.pyhltable td:not(.code){color:#999;padding-left:0;padding-right:.5em;border-right:1px solid #ddddd8} |
| pre.pygments .lineno{display:inline-block;margin-right:.25em} |
| table.pyhltable .linenodiv{background:none!important;padding-right:0!important} |
| .quoteblock{margin:0 1em 1.25em 1.5em;display:table} |
| .quoteblock>.title{margin-left:-1.5em;margin-bottom:.75em} |
| .quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock blockquote p{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.75;word-spacing:.1em;letter-spacing:0;font-style:italic;text-align:justify} |
| .quoteblock blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border:0} |
| .quoteblock blockquote:before{content:"\201c";float:left;font-size:2.75em;font-weight:bold;line-height:.6em;margin-left:-.6em;color:#7a2518;text-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1)} |
| .quoteblock blockquote>.paragraph:last-child p{margin-bottom:0} |
| .quoteblock .attribution{margin-top:.5em;margin-right:.5ex;text-align:right} |
| .quoteblock .quoteblock{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;padding:.5em 0;border-left:3px solid rgba(0,0,0,.6)} |
| .quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote{padding:0 0 0 .75em} |
| .quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote:before{display:none} |
| .verseblock{margin:0 1em 1.25em 1em} |
| .verseblock pre{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans;font-size:1.15rem;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);font-weight:300;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility} |
| .verseblock pre strong{font-weight:400} |
| .verseblock .attribution{margin-top:1.25rem;margin-left:.5ex} |
| .quoteblock .attribution,.verseblock .attribution{font-size:.9375em;line-height:1.45;font-style:italic} |
| .quoteblock .attribution br,.verseblock .attribution br{display:none} |
| .quoteblock .attribution cite,.verseblock .attribution cite{display:block;letter-spacing:-.025em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)} |
| .quoteblock.abstract{margin:0 0 1.25em 0;display:block} |
| .quoteblock.abstract blockquote,.quoteblock.abstract blockquote p{text-align:left;word-spacing:0} |
| .quoteblock.abstract blockquote:before,.quoteblock.abstract blockquote p:first-of-type:before{display:none} |
| table.tableblock{max-width:100%;border-collapse:separate} |
| table.tableblock td>.paragraph:last-child p>p:last-child,table.tableblock th>p:last-child,table.tableblock td>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0} |
| table.tableblock,th.tableblock,td.tableblock{border:0 solid #dedede} |
| table.grid-all>thead>tr>.tableblock,table.grid-all>tbody>tr>.tableblock{border-width:0 1px 1px 0} |
| table.grid-all>tfoot>tr>.tableblock{border-width:1px 1px 0 0} |
| table.grid-cols>*>tr>.tableblock{border-width:0 1px 0 0} |
| table.grid-rows>thead>tr>.tableblock,table.grid-rows>tbody>tr>.tableblock{border-width:0 0 1px 0} |
| table.grid-rows>tfoot>tr>.tableblock{border-width:1px 0 0 0} |
| table.grid-all>*>tr>.tableblock:last-child,table.grid-cols>*>tr>.tableblock:last-child{border-right-width:0} |
| table.grid-all>tbody>tr:last-child>.tableblock,table.grid-all>thead:last-child>tr>.tableblock,table.grid-rows>tbody>tr:last-child>.tableblock,table.grid-rows>thead:last-child>tr>.tableblock{border-bottom-width:0} |
| table.frame-all{border-width:1px} |
| table.frame-sides{border-width:0 1px} |
| table.frame-topbot{border-width:1px 0} |
| th.halign-left,td.halign-left{text-align:left} |
| th.halign-right,td.halign-right{text-align:right} |
| th.halign-center,td.halign-center{text-align:center} |
| th.valign-top,td.valign-top{vertical-align:top} |
| th.valign-bottom,td.valign-bottom{vertical-align:bottom} |
| th.valign-middle,td.valign-middle{vertical-align:middle} |
| table thead th,table tfoot th{font-weight:bold} |
| tbody tr th{display:table-cell;line-height:1.6;background:#f7f8f7} |
| tbody tr th,tbody tr th p,tfoot tr th,tfoot tr th p{color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-weight:bold} |
| p.tableblock>code:only-child{background:none;padding:0} |
| p.tableblock{font-size:1em} |
| td>div.verse{white-space:pre} |
| ol{margin-left:1.75em} |
| ul li ol{margin-left:1.5em} |
| dl dd{margin-left:1.125em} |
| dl dd:last-child,dl dd:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} |
| ol>li p,ul>li p,ul dd,ol dd,.olist .olist,.ulist .ulist,.ulist .olist,.olist .ulist{margin-bottom:.625em} |
| ul.checklist,ul.none,ol.none,ul.no-bullet,ol.no-bullet,ol.unnumbered,ul.unstyled,ol.unstyled{list-style-type:none} |
| ul.no-bullet,ol.no-bullet,ol.unnumbered{margin-left:.625em} |
| ul.unstyled,ol.unstyled{margin-left:0} |
| ul.checklist{margin-left:.625em} |
| ul.checklist li>p:first-child>.fa-square-o:first-child,ul.checklist li>p:first-child>.fa-check-square-o:first-child{width:1.25em;font-size:.8em;position:relative;bottom:.125em} |
| ul.checklist li>p:first-child>input[type="checkbox"]:first-child{margin-right:.25em} |
| ul.inline{margin:0 auto .625em auto;margin-left:-1.375em;margin-right:0;padding:0;list-style:none;overflow:hidden} |
| ul.inline>li{list-style:none;float:left;margin-left:1.375em;display:block} |
| ul.inline>li>*{display:block} |
| .unstyled dl dt{font-weight:400;font-style:normal} |
| ol.arabic{list-style-type:decimal} |
| ol.decimal{list-style-type:decimal-leading-zero} |
| ol.loweralpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha} |
| ol.upperalpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha} |
| ol.lowerroman{list-style-type:lower-roman} |
| ol.upperroman{list-style-type:upper-roman} |
| ol.lowergreek{list-style-type:lower-greek} |
| .hdlist>table,.colist>table{border:0;background:none} |
| .hdlist>table>tbody>tr,.colist>table>tbody>tr{background:none} |
| td.hdlist1,td.hdlist2{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .625em} |
| td.hdlist1{font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:1.25em} |
| .literalblock+.colist,.listingblock+.colist{margin-top:-.5em} |
| .colist>table tr>td:first-of-type{padding:.4em .75em 0 .75em;line-height:1;vertical-align:top} |
| .colist>table tr>td:first-of-type img{max-width:initial} |
| .colist>table tr>td:last-of-type{padding:.25em 0} |
| .thumb,.th{line-height:0;display:inline-block;border:solid 4px #fff;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #ddd;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #ddd} |
| .imageblock.left,.imageblock[style*="float: left"]{margin:.25em .625em 1.25em 0} |
| .imageblock.right,.imageblock[style*="float: right"]{margin:.25em 0 1.25em .625em} |
| .imageblock>.title{margin-bottom:0} |
| .imageblock.thumb,.imageblock.th{border-width:6px} |
| .imageblock.thumb>.title,.imageblock.th>.title{padding:0 .125em} |
| .image.left,.image.right{margin-top:.25em;margin-bottom:.25em;display:inline-block;line-height:0} |
| .image.left{margin-right:.625em} |
| .image.right{margin-left:.625em} |
| a.image{text-decoration:none;display:inline-block} |
| a.image object{pointer-events:none} |
| sup.footnote,sup.footnoteref{font-size:.875em;position:static;vertical-align:super} |
| sup.footnote a,sup.footnoteref a{text-decoration:none} |
| sup.footnote a:active,sup.footnoteref a:active{text-decoration:underline} |
| #footnotes{padding-top:.75em;padding-bottom:.75em;margin-bottom:.625em} |
| #footnotes hr{width:20%;min-width:6.25em;margin:-.25em 0 .75em 0;border-width:1px 0 0 0} |
| #footnotes .footnote{padding:0 .375em 0 .225em;line-height:1.3334;font-size:.875em;margin-left:1.2em;text-indent:-1.05em;margin-bottom:.2em} |
| #footnotes .footnote a:first-of-type{font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none} |
| #footnotes .footnote:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0} |
| #content #footnotes{margin-top:-.625em;margin-bottom:0;padding:.75em 0} |
| .gist .file-data>table{border:0;background:#fff;width:100%;margin-bottom:0} |
| .gist .file-data>table td.line-data{width:99%} |
| div.unbreakable{page-break-inside:avoid} |
| .big{font-size:larger} |
| .small{font-size:smaller} |
| .underline{text-decoration:underline} |
| .overline{text-decoration:overline} |
| .line-through{text-decoration:line-through} |
| .aqua{color:#00bfbf} |
| .aqua-background{background-color:#00fafa} |
| .black{color:#000} |
| .black-background{background-color:#000} |
| .blue{color:#0000bf} |
| .blue-background{background-color:#0000fa} |
| .fuchsia{color:#bf00bf} |
| .fuchsia-background{background-color:#fa00fa} |
| .gray{color:#606060} |
| .gray-background{background-color:#7d7d7d} |
| .green{color:#006000} |
| .green-background{background-color:#007d00} |
| .lime{color:#00bf00} |
| .lime-background{background-color:#00fa00} |
| .maroon{color:#600000} |
| .maroon-background{background-color:#7d0000} |
| .navy{color:#000060} |
| .navy-background{background-color:#00007d} |
| .olive{color:#606000} |
| .olive-background{background-color:#7d7d00} |
| .purple{color:#600060} |
| .purple-background{background-color:#7d007d} |
| .red{color:#bf0000} |
| .red-background{background-color:#fa0000} |
| .silver{color:#909090} |
| .silver-background{background-color:#bcbcbc} |
| .teal{color:#006060} |
| .teal-background{background-color:#007d7d} |
| .white{color:#bfbfbf} |
| .white-background{background-color:#fafafa} |
| .yellow{color:#bfbf00} |
| .yellow-background{background-color:#fafa00} |
| span.icon>.fa{cursor:default} |
| a span.icon>.fa{cursor:inherit} |
| .admonitionblock td.icon [class^="fa icon-"]{font-size:2.5em;text-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.5);cursor:default} |
| .admonitionblock td.icon .icon-note:before{content:"\f05a";color:#19407c} |
| .admonitionblock td.icon .icon-tip:before{content:"\f0eb";text-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(155,155,0,.8);color:#111} |
| .admonitionblock td.icon .icon-warning:before{content:"\f071";color:#bf6900} |
| .admonitionblock td.icon .icon-caution:before{content:"\f06d";color:#bf3400} |
| .admonitionblock td.icon .icon-important:before{content:"\f06a";color:#bf0000} |
| .conum[data-value]{display:inline-block;color:#fff!important;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);-webkit-border-radius:100px;border-radius:100px;text-align:center;font-size:.75em;width:1.67em;height:1.67em;line-height:1.67em;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold} |
| .conum[data-value] *{color:#fff!important} |
| .conum[data-value]+b{display:none} |
| .conum[data-value]:after{content:attr(data-value)} |
| pre .conum[data-value]{position:relative;top:-.125em} |
| b.conum *{color:inherit!important} |
| .conum:not([data-value]):empty{display:none} |
| dt,th.tableblock,td.content,div.footnote{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility} |
| h1,h2,p,td.content,span.alt{letter-spacing:-.01em} |
| p strong,td.content strong,div.footnote strong{letter-spacing:-.005em} |
| p,blockquote,dt,td.content,span.alt{font-size:1.0625rem} |
| p{margin-bottom:1.25rem} |
| .sidebarblock p,.sidebarblock dt,.sidebarblock td.content,p.tableblock{font-size:1em} |
| .exampleblock>.content{background-color:#fffef7;border-color:#e0e0dc;-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 4px #e0e0dc;box-shadow:0 1px 4px #e0e0dc} |
| .print-only{display:none!important} |
| @media print{@page{margin:1.25cm .75cm} |
| *{-webkit-box-shadow:none!important;box-shadow:none!important;text-shadow:none!important} |
| a{color:inherit!important;text-decoration:underline!important} |
| a.bare,a[href^="#"],a[href^="mailto:"]{text-decoration:none!important} |
| a[href^="http:"]:not(.bare):after,a[href^="https:"]:not(.bare):after{content:"(" attr(href) ")";display:inline-block;font-size:.875em;padding-left:.25em} |
| abbr[title]:after{content:" (" attr(title) ")"} |
| pre,blockquote,tr,img,object,svg{page-break-inside:avoid} |
| thead{display:table-header-group} |
| svg{max-width:100%} |
| p,blockquote,dt,td.content{font-size:1em;orphans:3;widows:3} |
| h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{page-break-after:avoid} |
| #toc,.sidebarblock,.exampleblock>.content{background:none!important} |
| #toc{border-bottom:1px solid #ddddd8!important;padding-bottom:0!important} |
| .sect1{padding-bottom:0!important} |
| .sect1+.sect1{border:0!important} |
| #header>h1:first-child{margin-top:1.25rem} |
| body.book #header{text-align:center} |
| body.book #header>h1:first-child{border:0!important;margin:2.5em 0 1em 0} |
| body.book #header .details{border:0!important;display:block;padding:0!important} |
| body.book #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:0!important} |
| body.book #header .details br{display:block} |
| body.book #header .details br+span:before{content:none!important} |
| body.book #toc{border:0!important;text-align:left!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important} |
| body.book #toc,body.book #preamble,body.book h1.sect0,body.book .sect1>h2{page-break-before:always} |
| .listingblock code[data-lang]:before{display:block} |
| #footer{background:none!important;padding:0 .9375em} |
| #footer-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)!important;font-size:.9em} |
| .hide-on-print{display:none!important} |
| .print-only{display:block!important} |
| .hide-for-print{display:none!important} |
| .show-for-print{display:inherit!important}} |
| </style> |
| <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css"> |
| </head> |
| <body class="article"> |
| <div id="header"> |
| <h1>WebSocket Mapping for Scalability Protocols</h1> |
| <div class="details"> |
| <span id="author" class="author">Garrett D'Amore</span><br> |
| <span id="email" class="email"><a href="mailto:garrett@damore.org">garrett@damore.org</a></span><br> |
| <span id="revnumber">version 1.0.1,</span> |
| <span id="revdate">2018-01-22</span> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="content"> |
| <div id="preamble"> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><span class="image"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/status-draft-yellow.svg?style=for-the-badge" alt="draft"></span></p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_websocket_mapping_for_scalability_protocols">WebSocket Mapping for Scalability Protocols</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Status: draft</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Authors: <a href="mailto:garrett@damore.org">Garrett D’Amore</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Version 1.0.1</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_abstract">Abstract</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This document defines the <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455">WebSocket</a> |
| mapping for scalability protocols.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_license">License</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Copyright 2018 <a href="mailto:info@staysail.tech">Staysail Systems, Inc.</a> |
| Copyright 2018 <a href="mailto:info@capitar.com">Capitar IT Group BV</a><br></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This specification is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 |
| (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the |
| License. |
| You may obtain a copy of the license |
| <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">online</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_language">Language</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", |
| "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be |
| interpreted as described in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_underlying_protocol">Underlying protocol</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This mapping should be layered directly on the top of WebSocket, as defined |
| in <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455">RFC 6455</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Additionally, implementations <strong>MUST</strong> support BINARY frame types. They |
| <strong>SHOULD NOT</strong> send or accept TEXT frame types.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Implementations <strong>SHOULD</strong> support HTTPS as the transport, and if |
| they do, then they <strong>MAY</strong> also choose not to support HTTP. HTTPS |
| <strong>SHOULD</strong> be used in preference to HTTP when practical.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Client implementations <strong>MUST NOT</strong> send entity content with their request, |
| and server implementations <strong>MUST NOT</strong> send entity content when responding |
| with a successful HTTP 101 Switching Protocols response. (The HTTP and |
| WebSocket RFCs permit such content payloads to be sent, but explicitly |
| require that it be ignored if present. It is far easier to simply |
| not send the data in the first place.) Servers receiving requests with |
| content data <strong>MUST</strong> respond with an error code, such as 400 Bad Request.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The use of the path and query parameters in the HTTP request is not |
| further considered here, except to note that servers <strong>SHOULD</strong> use this |
| data to discriminate when multiple instances or applications are made |
| available at the same host and port.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_subprotocol_names">Subprotocol Names</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Scalability Protocols uses subprotocols that are named as the individual |
| protocol name appeneded with <code>.sp.nanomsg.org</code>. For example, the |
| PAIRv1 protocol (named <code>pair1</code>) has the subprotocol of <code>pair1.sp.nanomsg.org</code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Individual protocols have their own names, but here is a list of legacy |
| subprotocol names:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>bus.sp.nanomsg.org</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>pair.sp.nanomsg.org</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>pub.sp.nanomsg.org</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>pull.sp.nanomsg.org</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>push.sp.nanomsg.org</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>req.sp.nanomsg.org</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>rep.sp.nanomsg.org</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>respondent.sp.nanomsg.org</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>sub.sp.nanomsg.org</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><code>surveyor.sp.nanomsg.org</code></p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_connection_initiation">Connection Initiation</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Connections are established using HTTP negotiation as specified in |
| RFC 6455. The HTTP client side <strong>MUST</strong> include a <code>Sec-WebSocket-Protocol</code> |
| header that lists the desired subprotocol, which is the subprotocol |
| corresponding to the server’s scalability protocol.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>For example, a REQ client connecting to a REP server would use the |
| subprotocol of <code>rep.sp.nanomsg.org</code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_message_format">Message Format</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Each SP message sent over this mapping corresponds exactly to one |
| WebSocket message. Implementations <strong>MUST</strong> properly support receive |
| of messages consisting of multiple WebSocket frames. They <strong>MAY</strong> |
| send messages in one or more frames, but <strong>SHOULD</strong> avoid fragmenting |
| messages unless unavoidable. (It will often be the case that applications |
| can receive a single message consisting of just a single frame with |
| less effort than one consisting of multiple frames.)</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="_control_frames">Control Frames</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Fragments of a multi-frame message may be interspersed with control |
| frames. Implementations <strong>MUST</strong> respond as quickly as practical to |
| <code>PING</code> frames with the appropriate <code>PONG</code> frame. Implementations |
| <strong>MUST</strong> cease activity on connections after receiving a <code>CLOSE</code> frame.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>If an implementation chooses to reject a received message as too large, |
| it <strong>MUST</strong> immediately send a <code>CLOSE</code> frame and shut down the connection.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_uri_format">URI Format</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The URI scheme used to represent is the same as that |
| that used for WebSockets.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Server implementations <strong>MAY</strong> offer the ability to specify a wild card of <code>*</code> |
| for a host name indicating that when listening, all interfaces of |
| the local host should be listened to, and that the <code>Host</code> HTTP header |
| sent by the client during HTTP negotiation will be ignored.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Server implementations <strong>MAY</strong> allow a <em>port</em> number of 0 to be specified when |
| listening, in which case a randomly chosen ephemeral TCP port <strong>SHALL</strong> be |
| used.<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_1" class="footnote" href="#_footnote_1" title="View footnote.">1</a>]</sup></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The HTTP <code>Host</code> header sent by clients <strong>SHALL</strong> be the same as the host |
| and port component of the URI.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_security_considerations">Security Considerations</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Implementations <strong>MAY</strong> support TLS, and may further support |
| HTTP authentication mechanisms. The details of this are out of |
| scope for this document.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Denial-of-service considerations are discussed, in particular the |
| use of a limit on the incoming message sizes.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="footnotes"> |
| <hr> |
| <div class="footnote" id="_footnote_1"> |
| <a href="#_footnoteref_1">1</a>. In this case the implementation will need to offer a method for applications to determine the ephemeral TCP port number chosen. |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div id="footer"> |
| <div id="footer-text"> |
| Version 1.0.1<br> |
| Last updated 2018-01-23 04:26:06 UTC |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </body> |
| </html> |
