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<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1><a href="index.html">Getting Started with 'nanomsg'</a></h1>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
This document is derived from an original post by Tim Dysinger.
That post is no longer available, but we have modified and restructured it,
as well as making enhancments and corrections.
Tim&#8217;s original code is on <a href="https://github.com/dysinger/nanomsg-examples">github</a>, but we recommend using the examples here as they have a number of corrections.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock tip">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-tip" title="Tip"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
If you want to use the experimental <a href="https://github.com/nanomsg/nng">nng</a>
library instead, see the document <a href="nng/index.html">Getting Started with 'nng'</a>.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_request_reply_i_ask_you_answer">Request/Reply (I ask, you answer)</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="reqrep.png" alt="I ask" width="you answer">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Request/Reply is used for synchronous communications where each question
is responded with a single answer, for example remote procedure calls (RPCs).
Like <a href="pipeline.html">Pipeline</a>, it also can perform load-balancing. This
is the only reliaable messaging pattern in the suite, as it automatically
will retry if a request is not matched with a response.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">reqprep.c</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include">&lt;string.h&gt;</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include">&lt;time.h&gt;</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include">&lt;nanomsg/nn.h&gt;</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include">&lt;nanomsg/reqrep.h&gt;</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#define</span> NODE0 <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">node0</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#define</span> NODE1 <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">node1</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#define</span> DATE <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">DATE</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>
<span class="directive">void</span>
fatal(<span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">char</span> *func)
{
fprintf(stderr, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">%s: %s</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>, func, nn_strerror(nn_errno()));
exit(<span class="integer">1</span>);
}
<span class="predefined-type">char</span> *
date(<span class="directive">void</span>)
{
time_t now = time(&amp;now);
<span class="keyword">struct</span> tm *info = localtime(&amp;now);
<span class="predefined-type">char</span> *text = asctime(info);
text[strlen(text)-<span class="integer">1</span>] = <span class="char">'\0'</span>; <span class="comment">// remove '\n'</span>
<span class="keyword">return</span> (text);
}
<span class="predefined-type">int</span>
node0(<span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">char</span> *url)
{
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> sz_date = strlen(DATE) + <span class="integer">1</span>; <span class="comment">// '\0' too</span>
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> sock;
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> rv;
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((sock = nn_socket(AF_SP, NN_REP)) &lt; <span class="integer">0</span>) {
fatal(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">nn_socket</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
}
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((rv = nn_bind(sock, url)) &lt; <span class="integer">0</span>) {
fatal(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">nn_bind</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
}
<span class="keyword">for</span> (;;) {
<span class="predefined-type">char</span> *buf = <span class="predefined-constant">NULL</span>;
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> bytes;
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((bytes = nn_recv(sock, &amp;buf, NN_MSG, <span class="integer">0</span>)) &lt; <span class="integer">0</span>) {
fatal(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">nn_recv</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
}
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((bytes == (strlen(DATE) + <span class="integer">1</span>)) &amp;&amp; (strcmp(DATE, buf) == <span class="integer">0</span>)) {
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">NODE0: RECEIVED DATE REQUEST</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
<span class="predefined-type">char</span> *d = date();
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> sz_d = strlen(d) + <span class="integer">1</span>; <span class="comment">// '\0' too</span>
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">NODE0: SENDING DATE %s</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>, d);
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((bytes = nn_send(sock, d, sz_d, <span class="integer">0</span>)) &lt; <span class="integer">0</span>) {
fatal(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">nn_send</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
}
}
nn_freemsg(buf);
}
}
<span class="predefined-type">int</span>
node1(<span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">char</span> *url)
{
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> sz_date = strlen(DATE) + <span class="integer">1</span>; <span class="comment">// '\0' too</span>
<span class="predefined-type">char</span> *buf = <span class="predefined-constant">NULL</span>;
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> bytes = -<span class="integer">1</span>;
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> sock;
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> rv;
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((sock = nn_socket(AF_SP, NN_REQ)) &lt; <span class="integer">0</span>) {
fatal(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">nn_socket</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
}
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((rv = nn_connect (sock, url)) &lt; <span class="integer">0</span>) {
fatal(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">nn_connect</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
}
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">NODE1: SENDING DATE REQUEST %s</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>, DATE);
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((bytes = nn_send(sock, DATE, sz_date, <span class="integer">0</span>)) &lt; <span class="integer">0</span>) {
fatal(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">nn_send</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
}
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((bytes = nn_recv(sock, &amp;buf, NN_MSG, <span class="integer">0</span>)) &lt; <span class="integer">0</span>) {
fatal(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">nn_recv</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
}
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">NODE1: RECEIVED DATE %s</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>, buf); <i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>(1)</b>
nn_freemsg(buf);
<span class="keyword">return</span> (nn_shutdown(sock, <span class="integer">0</span>));
}
<span class="predefined-type">int</span>
main(<span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">int</span> argc, <span class="directive">const</span> <span class="predefined-type">char</span> **argv)
{
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((argc &gt; <span class="integer">1</span>) &amp;&amp; (strcmp(NODE0, argv[<span class="integer">1</span>]) == <span class="integer">0</span>))
<span class="keyword">return</span> (node0(argv[<span class="integer">2</span>]));
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((argc &gt; <span class="integer">1</span>) &amp;&amp; (strcmp(NODE1, argv[<span class="integer">1</span>]) == <span class="integer">0</span>))
<span class="keyword">return</span> (node1(argv[<span class="integer">2</span>]));
fprintf(stderr, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">Usage: reqrep %s|%s &lt;URL&gt; ...</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>, NODE0, NODE1);
<span class="keyword">return</span> (<span class="integer">1</span>);
}</code></pre>
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<div class="colist arabic">
<table>
<tr>
<td><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>1</b></td>
<td>Blithely assumes message is ASCIIZ string. Real code should check it.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Compilation</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="bash">gcc reqrep.c -lnanomsg -o reqrep</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Execution</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="bash">./reqrep node0 ipc:///tmp/reqrep.ipc &amp; node0=$! &amp;&amp; sleep 1
./reqrep node1 ipc:///tmp/reqrep.ipc
kill $node0</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Output</div>
<div class="content">
<pre>NODE1: SENDING DATE REQUEST DATE
NODE0: RECEIVED DATE REQUEST
NODE0: SENDING DATE Sat Sep 7 17:39:01 2013
NODE1: RECEIVED DATE Sat Sep 7 17:39:01 2013</pre>
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Last updated 2018-02-15 00:01:10 UTC
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