ci: Fix the Visual Studio verification on AppVeyor CI

The Unix paths in Bash do not mix well with the Windows paths in CMake.
The uppercase and the lowercase environment variables do not mix well
in MSBuild. Et cetera.

On AppVeyor CI, verification of Windows builds with the Visual Studio
toolchain used to work, perhaps due to one or more lucky coincidences,
but it stopped working after an upgrade on the AppVeyor CI site.

Update ci_cmake.sh as follows:
 * Use POSIX commands like "mkdir" and "rm" instead of CMake commands
   like "make_directory" and "remove_directory".
 * Avoid using absolute paths in the CMake command line; use relative
   paths that are accessible from both Bash and Windows.
 * Clean up incidental mixtures of Windows and Bash-on-Windows
   environment variables like {$TEMP,$Temp,$temp} and {$TMP,$Tmp,$tmp}.
1 file changed