.\" Copyright (c) Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.\"
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of
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.\" References consulted:
.\"   OpenGroup's Single Unix specification http://www.UNIX-systems.org/online.html
.\"   POSIX 2001 draft6
.\"
.TH ICONV 1  "April 3, 2023" "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
iconv \- character set conversion
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
iconv [\fIOPTION\fP...] [\fB\-f\fP \fIencoding\fP] [\fB\-t\fP \fIencoding\fP] [\fIinputfile\fP ...]
iconv \fB\-l\fP
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBiconv\fP program converts text from one encoding to another encoding.
More precisely, it converts \fBfrom\fP the encoding given for the \fB\-f\fP
option \fBto\fP the encoding given for the \fB\-t\fP option. Either of these
encodings defaults to the encoding of the current locale. All the
\fIinputfile\fPs are read and converted in turn; if no \fIinputfile\fP is
given, the standard input is used. The converted text is printed to standard
output.
.PP
The encodings permitted are system dependent. For the libiconv implementation,
they are listed in the iconv_open(3) manual page.
.PP
Options controlling the input and output format:
.TP
\fB\-f\fP \fIencoding\fP, \fB\-\-from\-code=\fP\fIencoding\fP
Specifies the encoding of the input.
.TP
\fB\-t\fP \fIencoding\fP, \fB\-\-to\-code=\fP\fIencoding\fP
Specifies the encoding of the output.
.PP
Options controlling conversion problems:
.TP
\fB\-c\fP
When this option is given, characters that cannot be converted are silently
discarded, instead of leading to a conversion error.
.TP
\fB\-\-unicode\-subst=\fP\fIformatstring\fP
When this option is given, Unicode characters that cannot be represented in
the target encoding are replaced with a placeholder string that is constructed
from the given \fIformatstring\fP, applied to the Unicode code point. The
\fIformatstring\fP must be a format string in the same format as for the
.I printf
command or the
.I printf()
function, taking either no argument or exactly one unsigned integer argument.
.TP
\fB\-\-byte\-subst=\fP\fIformatstring\fP
When this option is given, bytes in the input that are not valid in the source
encoding are replaced with a placeholder string that is constructed from the
given \fIformatstring\fP, applied to the byte's value. The \fIformatstring\fP
must be a format string in the same format as for the
.I printf
command or the
.I printf()
function, taking either no argument or exactly one unsigned integer argument.
.TP
\fB\-\-widechar\-subst=\fP\fIformatstring\fP
When this option is given, wide characters in the input that are not valid in
the source encoding are replaced with a placeholder string that is constructed
from the given \fIformatstring\fP, applied to the byte's value. The
\fIformatstring\fP must be a format string in the same format as for the
.I printf
command or the
.I printf()
function, taking either no argument or exactly one unsigned integer argument.
.PP
Options controlling error output:
.TP
\fB\-s\fP, \fB\-\-silent\fP
When this option is given, error messages about invalid or unconvertible
characters are omitted, but the actual converted text is unaffected.
.PP
The \fBiconv \-l\fP or \fBiconv \-\-list\fP command lists the names of the
supported encodings, in a system dependent format. For the libiconv
implementation, the names are printed in upper case, separated by whitespace,
and alias names of an encoding are listed on the same line as the encoding
itself.
.SH ENVIRONMENT
Conversion from/to EBCDIC encodings can be modified in a specific way:
If the environment variable \fBICONV_EBCDIC_ZOS_UNIX\fP is set to a non-empty
value, the EBCDIC newline 0x15 will get mapped to LF instead of NEL.
.SH EXAMPLES
.TP
\fBiconv \-f ISO\-8859\-1 \-t UTF\-8\fP
converts input from the old West-European encoding ISO\-8859\-1 to Unicode.
.PP
.nf
\fBiconv \-f KOI8\-R \-\-byte\-subst="<0x%x>"\fP
\fB                \-\-unicode\-subst="<U+%04X>"\fP
.fi
.RS
converts input from the old Russian encoding KOI8\-R to the locale encoding,
substituting an angle bracket notation with hexadecimal numbers for invalid
bytes and for valid but unconvertible characters.
.RE
.TP
\fBiconv \-\-list\fP
lists the supported encodings.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
POSIX:2001
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR iconv_open (3),
.BR locale (7)