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| <!-- |
| fontconfig/doc/local-fontconfig-devel.sgml |
| |
| Copyright © 2003 Keith Packard |
| |
| Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its |
| documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that |
| the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that |
| copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting |
| documentation, and that the name of the author(s) not be used in |
| advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without |
| specific, written prior permission. The authors make no |
| representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It |
| is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. |
| |
| THE AUTHOR(S) DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, |
| INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO |
| EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR |
| CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, |
| DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER |
| TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR |
| PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. |
| --> |
| <article> |
| <title>Fontconfig Developers Reference, Version &version; </title> |
| <artheader> |
| <author> |
| <firstname>Keith</firstname> |
| <surname>Packard</surname> |
| <affiliation><orgname> |
| HP Cambridge Research Lab |
| </orgname></affiliation> |
| </author> |
| <authorinitials>KRP</authorinitials> |
| <productname>Fontconfig</productname> |
| <productnumber>&version;</productnumber> |
| <LegalNotice> |
| <simpara> |
| Copyright © 2002 Keith Packard |
| </simpara><simpara> |
| Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its |
| documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that |
| the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that |
| copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting |
| documentation, and that the name of the author(s) not be used in |
| advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without |
| specific, written prior permission. The authors make no |
| representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It |
| is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. |
| </simpara><simpara> |
| THE AUTHOR(S) DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, |
| INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO |
| EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR |
| CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, |
| DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER |
| TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR |
| PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. |
| </simpara> |
| </LegalNotice> |
| </artheader> |
| <sect1><title>DESCRIPTION</title> |
| <para> |
| Fontconfig is a library designed to provide system-wide font configuration, |
| customization and application access. |
| </para> |
| </sect1> |
| <sect1><title>FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW</title> |
| <para> |
| Fontconfig contains two essential modules, the configuration module which |
| builds an internal configuration from XML files and the matching module |
| which accepts font patterns and returns the nearest matching font. |
| </para> |
| <sect2><title>FONT CONFIGURATION</title> |
| <para> |
| The configuration module consists of the FcConfig datatype, libexpat and |
| FcConfigParse which walks over an XML tree and amends a configuration with |
| data found within. From an external perspective, configuration of the |
| library consists of generating a valid XML tree and feeding that to |
| FcConfigParse. The only other mechanism provided to applications for |
| changing the running configuration is to add fonts and directories to the |
| list of application-provided font files. |
| </para><para> |
| The intent is to make font configurations relatively static, and shared by |
| as many applications as possible. It is hoped that this will lead to more |
| stable font selection when passing names from one application to another. |
| XML was chosen as a configuration file format because it provides a format |
| which is easy for external agents to edit while retaining the correct |
| structure and syntax. |
| </para><para> |
| Font configuration is separate from font matching; applications needing to |
| do their own matching can access the available fonts from the library and |
| perform private matching. The intent is to permit applications to pick and |
| choose appropriate functionality from the library instead of forcing them to |
| choose between this library and a private configuration mechanism. The hope |
| is that this will ensure that configuration of fonts for all applications |
| can be centralized in one place. Centralizing font configuration will |
| simplify and regularize font installation and customization. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2> |
| <title>FONT PROPERTIES</title> |
| <para> |
| While font patterns may contain essentially any properties, there are some |
| well known properties with associated types. Fontconfig uses some of these |
| properties for font matching and font completion. Others are provided as a |
| convenience for the application's rendering mechanism. |
| </para> |
| <programlisting> |
| Property Definitions |
| |
| Property C Preprocessor Symbol Type Description |
| ---------------------------------------------------- |
| family FC_FAMILY String Font family names |
| familylang FC_FAMILYLANG String Language corresponding to |
| each family name |
| style FC_STYLE String Font style. Overrides weight |
| and slant |
| stylelang FC_STYLELANG String Language corresponding to |
| each style name |
| fullname FC_FULLNAME String Font face full name where |
| different from family and |
| family + style |
| fullnamelang FC_FULLNAMELANG String Language corresponding to |
| each fullname |
| slant FC_SLANT Int Italic, oblique or roman |
| weight FC_WEIGHT Int Light, medium, demibold, |
| bold or black |
| width FC_WIDTH Int Condensed, normal or expanded |
| size FC_SIZE Double Point size |
| aspect FC_ASPECT Double Stretches glyphs horizontally |
| before hinting |
| pixelsize FC_PIXEL_SIZE Double Pixel size |
| spacing FC_SPACING Int Proportional, dual-width, |
| monospace or charcell |
| foundry FC_FOUNDRY String Font foundry name |
| antialias FC_ANTIALIAS Bool Whether glyphs can be |
| antialiased |
| hintstyle FC_HINT_STYLE Int Automatic hinting style |
| hinting FC_HINTING Bool Whether the rasterizer should |
| use hinting |
| verticallayout FC_VERTICAL_LAYOUT Bool Use vertical layout |
| autohint FC_AUTOHINT Bool Use autohinter instead of |
| normal hinter |
| globaladvance FC_GLOBAL_ADVANCE Bool Use font global advance data (deprecated) |
| file FC_FILE String The filename holding the font |
| relative to the config's sysroot |
| index FC_INDEX Int The index of the font within |
| the file |
| ftface FC_FT_FACE FT_Face Use the specified FreeType |
| face object |
| rasterizer FC_RASTERIZER String Which rasterizer is in use (deprecated) |
| outline FC_OUTLINE Bool Whether the glyphs are outlines |
| scalable FC_SCALABLE Bool Whether glyphs can be scaled |
| dpi FC_DPI Double Target dots per inch |
| rgba FC_RGBA Int unknown, rgb, bgr, vrgb, |
| vbgr, none - subpixel geometry |
| scale FC_SCALE Double Scale factor for point->pixel |
| conversions (deprecated) |
| minspace FC_MINSPACE Bool Eliminate leading from line |
| spacing |
| charset FC_CHARSET CharSet Unicode chars encoded by |
| the font |
| lang FC_LANG LangSet Set of RFC-3066-style |
| languages this font supports |
| fontversion FC_FONTVERSION Int Version number of the font |
| capability FC_CAPABILITY String List of layout capabilities in |
| the font |
| fontformat FC_FONTFORMAT String String name of the font format |
| embolden FC_EMBOLDEN Bool Rasterizer should |
| synthetically embolden the font |
| embeddedbitmap FC_EMBEDDED_BITMAP Bool Use the embedded bitmap instead |
| of the outline |
| decorative FC_DECORATIVE Bool Whether the style is a decorative |
| variant |
| lcdfilter FC_LCD_FILTER Int Type of LCD filter |
| namelang FC_NAMELANG String Language name to be used for the |
| default value of familylang, |
| stylelang and fullnamelang |
| fontfeatures FC_FONT_FEATURES String List of extra feature tags in |
| OpenType to be enabled |
| prgname FC_PRGNAME String Name of the running program |
| hash FC_HASH String SHA256 hash value of the font data |
| with "sha256:" prefix (deprecated) |
| postscriptname FC_POSTSCRIPT_NAME String Font name in PostScript |
| symbol FC_SYMBOL Bool Whether font uses MS symbol-font encoding |
| color FC_COLOR Bool Whether any glyphs have color |
| fontvariations FC_FONT_VARIATIONS String comma-separated string of axes in variable font |
| variable FC_VARIABLE Bool Whether font is Variable Font |
| fonthashint FC_FONT_HAS_HINT Bool Whether font has hinting |
| order FC_ORDER Int Order number of the font |
| </programlisting> |
| </sect2> |
| </sect1> |
| <sect1><title>Datatypes</title> |
| <para> |
| Fontconfig uses abstract data types to hide internal implementation details |
| for most data structures. A few structures are exposed where appropriate. |
| </para> |
| <sect2><title>FcChar8, FcChar16, FcChar32, FcBool</title> |
| <para> |
| These are primitive data types; the FcChar* types hold precisely the number |
| of bits stated (if supported by the C implementation). FcBool holds |
| one of two C preprocessor symbols: FcFalse or FcTrue. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcMatrix</title> |
| <para> |
| An FcMatrix holds an affine transformation, usually used to reshape glyphs. |
| A small set of matrix operations are provided to manipulate these. |
| <programlisting> |
| typedef struct _FcMatrix { |
| double xx, xy, yx, yy; |
| } FcMatrix; |
| </programlisting> |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcCharSet</title> |
| <para> |
| An FcCharSet is an abstract type that holds the set of encoded Unicode chars |
| in a font. Operations to build and compare these sets are provided. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcLangSet</title> |
| <para> |
| An FcLangSet is an abstract type that holds the set of languages supported |
| by a font. Operations to build and compare these sets are provided. These |
| are computed for a font based on orthographic information built into the |
| fontconfig library. Fontconfig has orthographies for all of the ISO 639-1 |
| languages except for MS, NA, PA, PS, QU, RN, RW, SD, SG, SN, SU and ZA. If |
| you have orthographic information for any of these languages, please submit |
| them. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcLangResult</title> |
| <para> |
| An FcLangResult is an enumeration used to return the results of comparing |
| two language strings or FcLangSet objects. FcLangEqual means the |
| objects match language and territory. FcLangDifferentTerritory means |
| the objects match in language but differ in territory. |
| FcLangDifferentLang means the objects differ in language. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcType</title> |
| <para> |
| Tags the kind of data stored in an FcValue. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcValue</title> |
| <para> |
| An FcValue object holds a single value with one of a number of different |
| types. The 'type' tag indicates which member is valid. |
| <programlisting> |
| typedef struct _FcValue { |
| FcType type; |
| union { |
| const FcChar8 *s; |
| int i; |
| FcBool b; |
| double d; |
| const FcMatrix *m; |
| const FcCharSet *c; |
| void *f; |
| const FcLangSet *l; |
| const FcRange *r; |
| } u; |
| } FcValue; |
| </programlisting> |
| <programlisting> |
| FcValue Members |
| |
| Type Union member Datatype |
| -------------------------------- |
| FcTypeVoid (none) (none) |
| FcTypeInteger i int |
| FcTypeDouble d double |
| FcTypeString s FcChar8 * |
| FcTypeBool b b |
| FcTypeMatrix m FcMatrix * |
| FcTypeCharSet c FcCharSet * |
| FcTypeFTFace f void * (FT_Face) |
| FcTypeLangSet l FcLangSet * |
| FcTypeRange r FcRange * |
| </programlisting> |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcPattern, FcPatternIter</title> |
| <para> |
| An FcPattern holds a set of names with associated value lists; each name refers to a |
| property of a font. FcPatterns are used as inputs to the matching code as |
| well as holding information about specific fonts. Each property can hold |
| one or more values; conventionally all of the same type, although the |
| interface doesn't demand that. An FcPatternIter is used during iteration to |
| access properties in FcPattern. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcFontSet</title> |
| <para> |
| <programlisting> |
| typedef struct _FcFontSet { |
| int nfont; |
| int sfont; |
| FcPattern **fonts; |
| } FcFontSet; |
| </programlisting> |
| An FcFontSet contains a list of FcPatterns. Internally fontconfig uses this |
| data structure to hold sets of fonts. Externally, fontconfig returns the |
| results of listing fonts in this format. 'nfont' holds the number of |
| patterns in the 'fonts' array; 'sfont' is used to indicate the size of that |
| array. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcStrSet, FcStrList</title> |
| <para> |
| FcStrSet holds a list of strings that can be appended to and enumerated. |
| Its unique characteristic is that the enumeration works even while strings |
| are appended during enumeration. FcStrList is used during enumeration to |
| safely and correctly walk the list of strings even while that list is edited |
| in the middle of enumeration. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcObjectSet</title> |
| <para> |
| <programlisting> |
| typedef struct _FcObjectSet { |
| int nobject; |
| int sobject; |
| const char **objects; |
| } FcObjectSet; |
| </programlisting> |
| holds a set of names and is used to specify which fields from fonts are |
| placed in the the list of returned patterns when listing fonts. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcObjectType</title> |
| <para> |
| <programlisting> |
| typedef struct _FcObjectType { |
| const char *object; |
| FcType type; |
| } FcObjectType; |
| </programlisting> |
| marks the type of a pattern element generated when parsing font names. |
| Applications can add new object types so that font names may contain the new |
| elements. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcConstant</title> |
| <para> |
| <programlisting> |
| typedef struct _FcConstant { |
| const FcChar8 *name; |
| const char *object; |
| int value; |
| } FcConstant; |
| </programlisting> |
| Provides for symbolic constants for new pattern elements. When 'name' is |
| seen in a font name, an 'object' element is created with value 'value'. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcBlanks</title> |
| <para> |
| holds a list of Unicode chars which are expected to be blank; unexpectedly |
| blank chars are assumed to be invalid and are elided from the charset |
| associated with the font. |
| </para> |
| <para> |
| FcBlanks is deprecated and should not be used in newly written code. |
| It is still accepted by some functions for compatibility with |
| older code but will be removed in the future. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcFileCache</title> |
| <para> |
| holds the per-user cache information for use while loading the font |
| database. This is built automatically for the current configuration when |
| that is loaded. Applications must always pass '0' when one is requested. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcConfig</title> |
| <para> |
| holds a complete configuration of the library; there is one default |
| configuration, other can be constructed from XML data structures. All |
| public entry points that need global data can take an optional FcConfig* |
| argument; passing 0 uses the default configuration. FcConfig objects hold two |
| sets of fonts, the first contains those specified by the configuration, the |
| second set holds those added by the application at run-time. Interfaces |
| that need to reference a particular set use one of the FcSetName enumerated |
| values. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcSetName</title> |
| <para> |
| Specifies one of the two sets of fonts available in a configuration; |
| FcSetSystem for those fonts specified in the configuration and |
| FcSetApplication which holds fonts provided by the application. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcResult</title> |
| <para> |
| Used as a return type for functions manipulating FcPattern objects. |
| <programlisting> |
| FcResult Values |
| Result Code Meaning |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- |
| FcResultMatch Object exists with the specified ID |
| FcResultNoMatch Object doesn't exist at all |
| FcResultTypeMismatch Object exists, but the type doesn't match |
| FcResultNoId Object exists, but has fewer values |
| than specified |
| FcResultOutOfMemory malloc failed |
| </programlisting> |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcAtomic</title> |
| <para> |
| Used for locking access to configuration files. Provides a safe way to update |
| configuration files. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcCache</title> |
| <para> |
| Holds information about the fonts contained in a single directory. Normal |
| applications need not worry about this as caches for font access are |
| automatically managed by the library. Applications dealing with cache |
| management may want to use some of these objects in their work, however the |
| included 'fc-cache' program generally suffices for all of that. |
| </para> |
| </sect2> |
| </sect1> |
| <sect1><title>FUNCTIONS</title> |
| <para> |
| These are grouped by functionality, often using the main data type being |
| manipulated. |
| </para> |
| <sect2><title>Initialization</title> |
| <para> |
| These functions provide some control over how the library is initialized. |
| </para> |
| &fcinit; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcPattern</title> |
| <para> |
| An FcPattern is an opaque type that holds both patterns to match against the |
| available fonts, as well as the information about each font. |
| </para> |
| &fcpattern; |
| &fcformat; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcFontSet</title> |
| <para> |
| An FcFontSet simply holds a list of patterns; these are used to return the |
| results of listing available fonts. |
| </para> |
| &fcfontset; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcObjectSet</title> |
| <para> |
| An FcObjectSet holds a list of pattern property names; it is used to |
| indicate which properties are to be returned in the patterns from |
| FcFontList. |
| </para> |
| &fcobjectset; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FreeType specific functions</title> |
| <para> |
| While the fontconfig library doesn't insist that FreeType be used as the |
| rasterization mechanism for fonts, it does provide some convenience |
| functions. |
| </para> |
| &fcfreetype; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcValue</title> |
| <para> |
| FcValue is a structure containing a type tag and a union of all possible |
| datatypes. The tag is an enum of type |
| <emphasis>FcType</emphasis> |
| and is intended to provide a measure of run-time |
| typechecking, although that depends on careful programming. |
| </para> |
| &fcvalue; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcCharSet</title> |
| <para> |
| An FcCharSet is a boolean array indicating a set of Unicode chars. Those |
| associated with a font are marked constant and cannot be edited. |
| FcCharSets may be reference counted internally to reduce memory consumption; |
| this may be visible to applications as the result of FcCharSetCopy may |
| return it's argument, and that CharSet may remain unmodifiable. |
| </para> |
| &fccharset; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcLangSet</title> |
| <para> |
| An FcLangSet is a set of language names (each of which include language and |
| an optional territory). They are used when selecting fonts to indicate which |
| languages the fonts need to support. Each font is marked, using language |
| orthography information built into fontconfig, with the set of supported |
| languages. |
| </para> |
| &fclangset; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcMatrix</title> |
| <para> |
| FcMatrix structures hold an affine transformation in matrix form. |
| </para> |
| &fcmatrix; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcRange</title> |
| <para> |
| An FcRange holds two variables to indicate a range in between. |
| </para> |
| &fcrange; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcConfig</title> |
| <para> |
| An FcConfig object holds the internal representation of a configuration. |
| There is a default configuration which applications may use by passing 0 to |
| any function using the data within an FcConfig. |
| </para> |
| &fcconfig; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcObjectType</title> |
| <para> |
| Provides for application-specified font name object types so that new |
| pattern elements can be generated from font names. |
| </para> |
| &fcobjecttype; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcConstant</title> |
| <para> |
| Provides for application-specified symbolic constants for font names. |
| </para> |
| &fcconstant; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcWeight</title> |
| <para> |
| Maps weights to and from OpenType weights. |
| </para> |
| &fcweight; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcBlanks</title> |
| <para> |
| An FcBlanks object holds a list of Unicode chars which are expected to |
| be blank when drawn. When scanning new fonts, any glyphs which are |
| empty and not in this list will be assumed to be broken and not placed in |
| the FcCharSet associated with the font. This provides a significantly more |
| accurate CharSet for applications. |
| </para> |
| <para> |
| FcBlanks is deprecated and should not be used in newly written code. |
| It is still accepted by some functions for compatibility with |
| older code but will be removed in the future. |
| </para> |
| &fcblanks; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcAtomic</title> |
| <para> |
| These functions provide a safe way to update configuration files, allowing ongoing |
| reading of the old configuration file while locked for writing and ensuring that a |
| consistent and complete version of the configuration file is always available. |
| </para> |
| &fcatomic; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>File and Directory routines</title> |
| <para> |
| These routines work with font files and directories, including font |
| directory cache files. |
| </para> |
| &fcfile; |
| &fcdircache; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcCache routines</title> |
| <para> |
| These routines work with font directory caches, accessing their contents in |
| limited ways. It is not expected that normal applications will need to use |
| these functions. |
| </para> |
| &fccache; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>FcStrSet and FcStrList</title> |
| <para> |
| A data structure for enumerating strings, used to list directories while |
| scanning the configuration as directories are added while scanning. |
| </para> |
| &fcstrset; |
| </sect2> |
| <sect2><title>String utilities</title> |
| <para> |
| Fontconfig manipulates many UTF-8 strings represented with the FcChar8 type. |
| These functions are exposed to help applications deal with these UTF-8 |
| strings in a locale-insensitive manner. |
| </para> |
| &fcstring; |
| </sect2> |
| </sect1> |
| </article> |
