/*
 * Copyright 2020 Google Inc.
 *
 * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 * found in the LICENSE file.
 */

#ifndef tessellate_MiddleOutPolygonTriangulator_DEFINED
#define tessellate_MiddleOutPolygonTriangulator_DEFINED

#include "include/core/SkPath.h"
#include "include/core/SkPoint.h"
#include "include/private/SkTemplates.h"
#include "src/core/SkMathPriv.h"
#include "src/core/SkPathPriv.h"
#include "src/gpu/GrVertexWriter.h"
#include "src/gpu/tessellate/PathXform.h"

namespace skgpu::tess {

// This class emits a polygon triangulation with a "middle-out" topology. Conceptually, middle-out
// emits one large triangle with vertices on both endpoints and a middle point, then recurses on
// both sides of the new triangle. i.e.:
//
//     void emit_middle_out_triangulation(int startIdx, int endIdx) {
//         if (startIdx + 1 == endIdx) {
//             return;
//         }
//         int middleIdx = startIdx + SkNextPow2(endIdx - startIdx) / 2;
//
//         // Recurse on the left half.
//         emit_middle_out_triangulation(startIdx, middleIdx);
//
//         // Emit a large triangle with vertices on both endpoints and a middle point.
//         emit_triangle(vertices[startIdx], vertices[middleIdx], vertices[endIdx - 1]);
//
//         // Recurse on the right half.
//         emit_middle_out_triangulation(middleIdx, endIdx);
//     }
//
// Middle-out produces drastically less work for the rasterizer as compared a linear triangle strip
// or fan.
//
// This class is designed to not know or store all the vertices in the polygon at once. The caller
// pushes each vertex in linear order (perhaps while parsing a path), then rather than relying on
// recursion, we manipulate an O(log N) stack to determine the correct middle-out triangulation.
class MiddleOutPolygonTriangulator {
public:
    // Writes out 3 SkPoints per triangle to "vertexWriter". Additionally writes out "pad32Count"
    // repetitions of "pad32Value" after each triangle. Set pad32Count to 0 if the triangles are
    // to be tightly packed.
    MiddleOutPolygonTriangulator(GrVertexWriter&& vertexWriter, int pad32Count,
                                 uint32_t pad32Value, int maxPushVertexCalls)
            : fVertexWriter(std::move(vertexWriter))
            , fPad32Count(pad32Count)
            , fPad32Value(pad32Value) {
        // Determine the deepest our stack can ever go.
        int maxStackDepth = SkNextLog2(maxPushVertexCalls) + 1;
        if (maxStackDepth > kStackPreallocCount) {
            fVertexStack.reset(maxStackDepth);
        }
        SkDEBUGCODE(fStackAllocCount = maxStackDepth;)
        // The stack will always contain a starting point. This is an implicit moveTo(0, 0)
        // initially, but will be overridden if moveTo() gets called before adding geometry.
        fVertexStack[0] = {0, {0, 0}};
        fTop = fVertexStack;
    }

    void pushVertex(const SkPoint& pt) {
        if (pt == fVertexStack[0].fPoint) {
            this->close();
            return;
        }
        // This new vertex we are about to add is one vertex away from the top of the stack.
        // i.e., it is guaranteed to be the next vertex in the polygon after the one stored in fTop.
        int vertexIdxDelta = 1;
        // Our topology wants triangles that have the same vertexIdxDelta on both sides:
        // e.g., a run of 9 points should be triangulated as:
        //
        //    [0, 1, 2], [2, 3, 4], [4, 5, 6], [6, 7, 8]  // vertexIdxDelta == 1
        //    [0, 2, 4], [4, 6, 8]  // vertexIdxDelta == 2
        //    [0, 4, 8]  // vertexIdxDelta == 4
        //
        // Emit as many new triangles as we can with equal-delta sides and pop their vertices off
        // the stack before pushing this new vertex.
        //
        // (This is a stack-based implementation of the recursive example method from the class
        // comment.)
        while (vertexIdxDelta == fTop->fVertexIdxDelta) {
            this->popTopTriangle(pt);
            vertexIdxDelta *= 2;
        }
        this->pushVertex(vertexIdxDelta, pt);
    }

    int close() {
        if (fTop == fVertexStack) {  // The stack only contains one point (the starting point).
            return fTotalClosedTriangleCount;
        }
        // We will count vertices by walking the stack backwards.
        int finalVertexCount = 1;
        // Add an implicit line back to the starting point, then triangulate the rest of the
        // polygon. Since we simply have to finish now, we aren't picky anymore about making the
        // vertexIdxDeltas match.
        const SkPoint& p0 = fVertexStack[0].fPoint;
        SkASSERT(fTop->fPoint != p0);  // We should have detected and handled this case earlier.
        while (fTop - 1 > fVertexStack) {
            finalVertexCount += fTop->fVertexIdxDelta;
            this->popTopTriangle(p0);
        }
        SkASSERT(fTop == fVertexStack + 1);
        finalVertexCount += fTop->fVertexIdxDelta;
        SkASSERT(fVertexStack[0].fVertexIdxDelta == 0);
        fTop = fVertexStack;
        int numTriangles = finalVertexCount - 2;
        SkASSERT(numTriangles >= 0);
        fTotalClosedTriangleCount += numTriangles;
        return fTotalClosedTriangleCount;
    }

    void closeAndMove(const SkPoint& startPt) {
        this->close();
        SkASSERT(fTop == fVertexStack);  // The stack should only contain a starting point now.
        fTop->fPoint = startPt;  // Modify the starting point.
        SkASSERT(fTop->fVertexIdxDelta == 0);  // Ensure we are in the initial stack state.
    }

    GrVertexWriter detachVertexWriter() { return std::move(fVertexWriter); }

    static GrVertexWriter WritePathInnerFan(GrVertexWriter&& vertexWriter,
                                            int pad32Count,
                                            uint32_t pad32Value,
                                            const PathXform& pathXform,
                                            const SkPath& path,
                                            int* numTrianglesWritten) {
        MiddleOutPolygonTriangulator middleOut(std::move(vertexWriter),
                                                 pad32Count,
                                                 pad32Value,
                                                 path.countVerbs());
        for (auto [verb, pts, w] : SkPathPriv::Iterate(path)) {
            switch (verb) {
                SkPoint pt;
                case SkPathVerb::kMove:
                    middleOut.closeAndMove(pathXform.mapPoint(pts[0]));
                    break;
                case SkPathVerb::kLine:
                case SkPathVerb::kQuad:
                case SkPathVerb::kConic:
                case SkPathVerb::kCubic:
                    pt = pts[SkPathPriv::PtsInIter((unsigned)verb) - 1];
                    middleOut.pushVertex(pathXform.mapPoint(pt));
                    break;
                case SkPathVerb::kClose:
                    break;
            }
        }
        *numTrianglesWritten = middleOut.close();
        return middleOut.detachVertexWriter();
    }

private:
    struct StackVertex {
        // How many polygon vertices away is this vertex from the previous vertex on the stack?
        // i.e., the ith stack element's vertex index in the original polygon is:
        //
        //     fVertexStack[i].fVertexIdxDelta + fVertexStack[i - 1].fVertexIdxDelta + ... +
        //     fVertexStack[1].fVertexIdxDelta.
        //
        // NOTE: fVertexStack[0].fVertexIdxDelta always == 0.
        int fVertexIdxDelta;
        SkPoint fPoint;
    };

    void pushVertex(int vertexIdxDelta, const SkPoint& point) {
        ++fTop;
        // We should never push deeper than fStackAllocCount.
        SkASSERT(fTop < fVertexStack + fStackAllocCount);
        fTop->fVertexIdxDelta = vertexIdxDelta;
        fTop->fPoint = point;
    }

    void popTopTriangle(const SkPoint& lastPt) {
        SkASSERT(fTop > fVertexStack);  // We should never pop the starting point.
        --fTop;
        fVertexWriter.write(fTop[0].fPoint, fTop[1].fPoint, lastPt);
        if (fPad32Count) {
            // Output a 4-point conic with w=Inf.
            fVertexWriter.fill(fPad32Value, fPad32Count);
        }
    }

    constexpr static int kStackPreallocCount = 32;
    GrVertexWriter fVertexWriter;
    const int fPad32Count;
    const uint32_t fPad32Value;
    SkAutoSTMalloc<kStackPreallocCount, StackVertex> fVertexStack;
    SkDEBUGCODE(int fStackAllocCount;)
    StackVertex* fTop;
    int fTotalClosedTriangleCount = 0;
};

}  // namespace skgpu::tess

#endif  // tessellate_MiddleOutPolygonTriangulator_DEFINED