// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
/*
**********************************************************************
*   Copyright (C) 1999-2016, International Business Machines
*   Corporation and others.  All Rights Reserved.
**********************************************************************
*   Date        Name        Description
*   11/10/99    aliu        Creation.
**********************************************************************
*/

#include "unicode/utypes.h"

#if !UCONFIG_NO_TRANSLITERATION

#include "transtst.h"
#include "unicode/locid.h"
#include "unicode/dtfmtsym.h"
#include "unicode/normlzr.h"
#include "unicode/translit.h"
#include "unicode/uchar.h"
#include "unicode/unifilt.h"
#include "unicode/uniset.h"
#include "unicode/ustring.h"
#include "unicode/usetiter.h"
#include "unicode/uscript.h"
#include "unicode/utf16.h"
#include "cpdtrans.h"
#include "nultrans.h"
#include "rbt.h"
#include "rbt_pars.h"
#include "anytrans.h"
#include "esctrn.h"
#include "name2uni.h"
#include "nortrans.h"
#include "remtrans.h"
#include "titletrn.h"
#include "tolowtrn.h"
#include "toupptrn.h"
#include "unesctrn.h"
#include "uni2name.h"
#include "cstring.h"
#include "cmemory.h"
#include <stdio.h>

/***********************************************************************

                     HOW TO USE THIS TEST FILE
                               -or-
                  How I developed on two platforms
                without losing (too much of) my mind


1. Add new tests by copying/pasting/changing existing tests.  On Java,
   any public void method named Test...() taking no parameters becomes
   a test.  On C++, you need to modify the header and add a line to
   the runIndexedTest() dispatch method.

2. Make liberal use of the expect() method; it is your friend.

3. The tests in this file exactly match those in a sister file on the
   other side.  The two files are:

   icu4j:  src/com/ibm/test/translit/TransliteratorTest.java
   icu4c:  source/test/intltest/transtst.cpp

                  ==> THIS IS THE IMPORTANT PART <==

   When you add a test in this file, add it in TransliteratorTest.java
   too.  Give it the same name and put it in the same relative place.
   This makes maintenance a lot simpler for any poor soul who ends up
   trying to synchronize the tests between icu4j and icu4c.

4. If you MUST enter a test that is NOT paralleled in the sister file,
   then add it in the special non-mirrored section.  These are
   labeled

     "icu4j ONLY"

   or

     "icu4c ONLY"

   Make sure you document the reason the test is here and not there.


Thank you.
The Management
***********************************************************************/

// Define character constants thusly to be EBCDIC-friendly
enum {
    LEFT_BRACE=((UChar)0x007B), /*{*/
    PIPE      =((UChar)0x007C), /*|*/
    ZERO      =((UChar)0x0030), /*0*/
    UPPER_A   =((UChar)0x0041)  /*A*/
};

TransliteratorTest::TransliteratorTest()
:   DESERET_DEE((UChar32)0x10414),
    DESERET_dee((UChar32)0x1043C)
{
}

TransliteratorTest::~TransliteratorTest() {}

void
TransliteratorTest::runIndexedTest(int32_t index, UBool exec,
                                   const char* &name, char* /*par*/) {
    switch (index) {
        TESTCASE(0,TestInstantiation);
        TESTCASE(1,TestSimpleRules);
        TESTCASE(2,TestRuleBasedInverse);
        TESTCASE(3,TestKeyboard);
        TESTCASE(4,TestKeyboard2);
        TESTCASE(5,TestKeyboard3);
        TESTCASE(6,TestArabic);
        TESTCASE(7,TestCompoundKana);
        TESTCASE(8,TestCompoundHex);
        TESTCASE(9,TestFiltering);
        TESTCASE(10,TestInlineSet);
        TESTCASE(11,TestPatternQuoting);
        TESTCASE(12,TestJ277);
        TESTCASE(13,TestJ243);
        TESTCASE(14,TestJ329);
        TESTCASE(15,TestSegments);
        TESTCASE(16,TestCursorOffset);
        TESTCASE(17,TestArbitraryVariableValues);
        TESTCASE(18,TestPositionHandling);
        TESTCASE(19,TestHiraganaKatakana);
        TESTCASE(20,TestCopyJ476);
        TESTCASE(21,TestAnchors);
        TESTCASE(22,TestInterIndic);
        TESTCASE(23,TestFilterIDs);
        TESTCASE(24,TestCaseMap);
        TESTCASE(25,TestNameMap);
        TESTCASE(26,TestLiberalizedID);
        TESTCASE(27,TestCreateInstance);
        TESTCASE(28,TestNormalizationTransliterator);
        TESTCASE(29,TestCompoundRBT);
        TESTCASE(30,TestCompoundFilter);
        TESTCASE(31,TestRemove);
        TESTCASE(32,TestToRules);
        TESTCASE(33,TestContext);
        TESTCASE(34,TestSupplemental);
        TESTCASE(35,TestQuantifier);
        TESTCASE(36,TestSTV);
        TESTCASE(37,TestCompoundInverse);
        TESTCASE(38,TestNFDChainRBT);
        TESTCASE(39,TestNullInverse);
        TESTCASE(40,TestAliasInverseID);
        TESTCASE(41,TestCompoundInverseID);
        TESTCASE(42,TestUndefinedVariable);
        TESTCASE(43,TestEmptyContext);
        TESTCASE(44,TestCompoundFilterID);
        TESTCASE(45,TestPropertySet);
        TESTCASE(46,TestNewEngine);
        TESTCASE(47,TestQuantifiedSegment);
        TESTCASE(48,TestDevanagariLatinRT);
        TESTCASE(49,TestTeluguLatinRT);
        TESTCASE(50,TestCompoundLatinRT);
        TESTCASE(51,TestSanskritLatinRT);
        TESTCASE(52,TestLocaleInstantiation);
        TESTCASE(53,TestTitleAccents);
        TESTCASE(54,TestLocaleResource);
        TESTCASE(55,TestParseError);
        TESTCASE(56,TestOutputSet);
        TESTCASE(57,TestVariableRange);
        TESTCASE(58,TestInvalidPostContext);
        TESTCASE(59,TestIDForms);
        TESTCASE(60,TestToRulesMark);
        TESTCASE(61,TestEscape);
        TESTCASE(62,TestAnchorMasking);
        TESTCASE(63,TestDisplayName);
        TESTCASE(64,TestSpecialCases);
#if !UCONFIG_NO_FILE_IO
        TESTCASE(65,TestIncrementalProgress);
#endif
        TESTCASE(66,TestSurrogateCasing);
        TESTCASE(67,TestFunction);
        TESTCASE(68,TestInvalidBackRef);
        TESTCASE(69,TestMulticharStringSet);
        TESTCASE(70,TestUserFunction);
        TESTCASE(71,TestAnyX);
        TESTCASE(72,TestSourceTargetSet);
        TESTCASE(73,TestGurmukhiDevanagari);
        TESTCASE(74,TestPatternWhiteSpace);
        TESTCASE(75,TestAllCodepoints);
        TESTCASE(76,TestBoilerplate);
        TESTCASE(77,TestAlternateSyntax);
        TESTCASE(78,TestBeginEnd);
        TESTCASE(79,TestBeginEndToRules);
        TESTCASE(80,TestRegisterAlias);
        TESTCASE(81,TestRuleStripping);
        TESTCASE(82,TestHalfwidthFullwidth);
        TESTCASE(83,TestThai);
        TESTCASE(84,TestAny);
        TESTCASE(85,TestBasicTransliteratorEvenWithoutData);
        default: name = ""; break;
    }
}

/**
 * Make sure every system transliterator can be instantiated.
 * 
 * ALSO test that the result of toRules() for each rule is a valid
 * rule.  Do this here so we don't have to have another test that
 * instantiates everything as well.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestInstantiation() {
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    StringEnumeration* avail = Transliterator::getAvailableIDs(ec);
    assertSuccess("getAvailableIDs()", ec);
    assertTrue("getAvailableIDs()!=NULL", avail!=NULL);
    int32_t n = Transliterator::countAvailableIDs();
    assertTrue("getAvailableIDs().count()==countAvailableIDs()",
               avail->count(ec) == n);
    assertSuccess("count()", ec);
    UnicodeString name;
    for (int32_t i=0; i<n; ++i) {
        const UnicodeString& id = *avail->snext(ec);
        if (!assertSuccess("snext()", ec) ||
            !assertTrue("snext()!=NULL", (&id)!=NULL, true)) {
            break;
        }
        UnicodeString id2 = Transliterator::getAvailableID(i);
        if (id.length() < 1) {
            errln(UnicodeString("FAIL: getAvailableID(") +
                  i + ") returned empty string");
            continue;
        }
        if (id != id2) {
            errln(UnicodeString("FAIL: getAvailableID(") +
                  i + ") != getAvailableIDs().snext()");
            continue;
        }
        UParseError parseError;
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createInstance(id,
                              UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError,status);
        name.truncate(0);
        Transliterator::getDisplayName(id, name);
        if (t == 0) {
#if UCONFIG_NO_BREAK_ITERATION
            // If UCONFIG_NO_BREAK_ITERATION is on, then only Thai should fail.
            if (id.compare((UnicodeString)"Thai-Latn") != 0 &&
                id.compare((UnicodeString)"Thai-Latin") != 0)
#endif
                dataerrln(UnicodeString("FAIL: Couldn't create ") + id +
                      /*", parse error " + parseError.code +*/
                      ", line " + parseError.line +
                      ", offset " + parseError.offset +
                      ", pre-context " + prettify(parseError.preContext, true) +
                      ", post-context " +prettify(parseError.postContext,true) +
                      ", Error: " + u_errorName(status));
                // When createInstance fails, it deletes the failing
                // entry from the available ID list.  We detect this
                // here by looking for a change in countAvailableIDs.
            int32_t nn = Transliterator::countAvailableIDs();
            if (nn == (n - 1)) {
                n = nn;
                --i; // Compensate for deleted entry
            }
        } else {
            logln(UnicodeString("OK: ") + name + " (" + id + ")");

            // Now test toRules
            UnicodeString rules;
            t->toRules(rules, true);
            Transliterator *u = Transliterator::createFromRules("x",
                                    rules, UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError,status);
            if (u == 0) {
                errln(UnicodeString("FAIL: ") + id +
                      ".createFromRules() => bad rules" +
                      /*", parse error " + parseError.code +*/
                      ", line " + parseError.line +
                      ", offset " + parseError.offset +
                      ", context " + prettify(parseError.preContext, true) +
                      ", rules: " + prettify(rules, true));
            } else {
                delete u;
            }
            delete t;
        }
    }
    assertTrue("snext()==NULL", avail->snext(ec)==NULL);
    assertSuccess("snext()", ec);
    delete avail;

    // Now test the failure path
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UnicodeString id("<Not a valid Transliterator ID>");
    Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createInstance(id, UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (t != 0) {
        errln("FAIL: " + id + " returned a transliterator");
        delete t;
    } else {
        logln("OK: Bogus ID handled properly");
    }
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestSimpleRules(void) {
    /* Example: rules 1. ab>x|y
     *                2. yc>z
     *
     * []|eabcd  start - no match, copy e to translated buffer
     * [e]|abcd  match rule 1 - copy output & adjust cursor
     * [ex|y]cd  match rule 2 - copy output & adjust cursor
     * [exz]|d   no match, copy d to transliterated buffer
     * [exzd]|   done
     */
    expect(UnicodeString("ab>x|y;", "") +
           "yc>z",
           "eabcd", "exzd");

    /* Another set of rules:
     *    1. ab>x|yzacw
     *    2. za>q
     *    3. qc>r
     *    4. cw>n
     *
     * []|ab       Rule 1
     * [x|yzacw]   No match
     * [xy|zacw]   Rule 2
     * [xyq|cw]    Rule 4
     * [xyqn]|     Done
     */
    expect(UnicodeString("ab>x|yzacw;") +
           "za>q;" +
           "qc>r;" +
           "cw>n",
           "ab", "xyqn");

    /* Test categories
     */
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError parseError;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules(
        "<ID>",
        UnicodeString("$dummy=").append((UChar)0xE100) +
        UnicodeString(";"
                      "$vowel=[aeiouAEIOU];"
                      "$lu=[:Lu:];"
                      "$vowel } $lu > '!';"
                      "$vowel > '&';"
                      "'!' { $lu > '^';"
                      "$lu > '*';"
                      "a > ERROR", ""),
        UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError,
        status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: RBT constructor failed - %s", u_errorName(status));
        return;
    }
    expect(*t, "abcdefgABCDEFGU", "&bcd&fg!^**!^*&");
    delete t;
}

/**
 * Test inline set syntax and set variable syntax.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestInlineSet(void) {
    expect("{ [:Ll:] } x > y; [:Ll:] > z;", "aAbxq", "zAyzz");
    expect("a[0-9]b > qrs", "1a7b9", "1qrs9");
    
    expect(UnicodeString(
           "$digit = [0-9];"
           "$alpha = [a-zA-Z];"
           "$alphanumeric = [$digit $alpha];" // ***
           "$special = [^$alphanumeric];"     // ***
           "$alphanumeric > '-';"
           "$special > '*';", ""),
           
           "thx-1138", "---*----");
}

/**
 * Create some inverses and confirm that they work.  We have to be
 * careful how we do this, since the inverses will not be true
 * inverses -- we can't throw any random string at the composition
 * of the transliterators and expect the identity function.  F x
 * F' != I.  However, if we are careful about the input, we will
 * get the expected results.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestRuleBasedInverse(void) {
    UnicodeString RULES =
        UnicodeString("abc>zyx;") +
        "ab>yz;" +
        "bc>zx;" +
        "ca>xy;" +
        "a>x;" +
        "b>y;" +
        "c>z;" +

        "abc<zyx;" +
        "ab<yz;" +
        "bc<zx;" +
        "ca<xy;" +
        "a<x;" +
        "b<y;" +
        "c<z;" +

        "";

    const char* DATA[] = {
        // Careful here -- random strings will not work.  If we keep
        // the left side to the domain and the right side to the range
        // we will be okay though (left, abc; right xyz).
        "a", "x",
        "abcacab", "zyxxxyy",
        "caccb", "xyzzy",
    };

    int32_t DATA_length = UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA);

    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError parseError;
    Transliterator *fwd = Transliterator::createFromRules("<ID>", RULES,
                                UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator *rev = Transliterator::createFromRules("<ID>", RULES,
                                UTRANS_REVERSE, parseError, status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        errln("FAIL: RBT constructor failed");
        return;
    }
    for (int32_t i=0; i<DATA_length; i+=2) {
        expect(*fwd, DATA[i], DATA[i+1]);
        expect(*rev, DATA[i+1], DATA[i]);
    }
    delete fwd;
    delete rev;
}

/**
 * Basic test of keyboard.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestKeyboard(void) {
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("<ID>",
                              UnicodeString("psch>Y;")
                              +"ps>y;"
                              +"ch>x;"
                              +"a>A;",
                              UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError,
                              status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        errln("FAIL: RBT constructor failed");
        return;
    }
    const char* DATA[] = {
        // insertion, buffer
        "a", "A",
        "p", "Ap",
        "s", "Aps",
        "c", "Apsc",
        "a", "AycA",
        "psch", "AycAY",
        0, "AycAY", // null means finishKeyboardTransliteration
    };

    keyboardAux(*t, DATA, UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA));
    delete t;
}

/**
 * Basic test of keyboard with cursor.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestKeyboard2(void) {
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("<ID>",
                              UnicodeString("ych>Y;")
                              +"ps>|y;"
                              +"ch>x;"
                              +"a>A;",
                              UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError,
                              status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        errln("FAIL: RBT constructor failed");
        return;
    }
    const char* DATA[] = {
        // insertion, buffer
        "a", "A",
        "p", "Ap",
        "s", "Aps", // modified for rollback - "Ay",
        "c", "Apsc", // modified for rollback - "Ayc",
        "a", "AycA",
        "p", "AycAp",
        "s", "AycAps", // modified for rollback - "AycAy",
        "c", "AycApsc", // modified for rollback - "AycAyc",
        "h", "AycAY",
        0, "AycAY", // null means finishKeyboardTransliteration
    };

    keyboardAux(*t, DATA, UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA));
    delete t;
}

/**
 * Test keyboard transliteration with back-replacement.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestKeyboard3(void) {
    // We want th>z but t>y.  Furthermore, during keyboard
    // transliteration we want t>y then yh>z if t, then h are
    // typed.
    UnicodeString RULES("t>|y;"
                        "yh>z;");

    const char* DATA[] = {
        // Column 1: characters to add to buffer (as if typed)
        // Column 2: expected appearance of buffer after
        //           keyboard xliteration.
        "a", "a",
        "b", "ab",
        "t", "abt", // modified for rollback - "aby",
        "c", "abyc",
        "t", "abyct", // modified for rollback - "abycy",
        "h", "abycz",
        0, "abycz", // null means finishKeyboardTransliteration
    };

    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("<ID>", RULES, UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        errln("FAIL: RBT constructor failed");
        return;
    }
    keyboardAux(*t, DATA, UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA));
    delete t;
}

void TransliteratorTest::keyboardAux(const Transliterator& t,
                                     const char* DATA[], int32_t DATA_length) {
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UTransPosition index={0, 0, 0, 0};
    UnicodeString s;
    for (int32_t i=0; i<DATA_length; i+=2) {
        UnicodeString log;
        if (DATA[i] != 0) {
            log = s + " + "
                + DATA[i]
                + " -> ";
            t.transliterate(s, index, DATA[i], status);
        } else {
            log = s + " => ";
            t.finishTransliteration(s, index);
        }
        // Show the start index '{' and the cursor '|'
        UnicodeString a, b, c;
        s.extractBetween(0, index.contextStart, a);
        s.extractBetween(index.contextStart, index.start, b);
        s.extractBetween(index.start, s.length(), c);
        log.append(a).
            append((UChar)LEFT_BRACE).
            append(b).
            append((UChar)PIPE).
            append(c);
        if (s == DATA[i+1] && U_SUCCESS(status)) {
            logln(log);
        } else {
            errln(UnicodeString("FAIL: ") + log + ", expected " + DATA[i+1]);
        }
    }
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestArabic(void) {
// Test disabled for 2.0 until new Arabic transliterator can be written.
//    /*
//    const char* DATA[] = {
//        "Arabic", "\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0020"+
//                  "\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u0020"+
//                  "\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629\u0020"+
//                  "\u0628\u0628\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0020"+
//                  "\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629\u0020"+
//                  "\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629",
//    };
//    */
//
//    UChar ar_raw[] = {
//        0x062a, 0x062a, 0x0645, 0x062a, 0x0639, 0x0020, 0x0627,
//        0x0644, 0x0644, 0x063a, 0x0629, 0x0020, 0x0627, 0x0644,
//        0x0639, 0x0631, 0x0628, 0x0628, 0x064a, 0x0629, 0x0020,
//        0x0628, 0x0628, 0x0646, 0x0638, 0x0645, 0x0020, 0x0643,
//        0x062a, 0x0627, 0x0628, 0x0628, 0x064a, 0x0629, 0x0020,
//        0x062c, 0x0645, 0x064a, 0x0644, 0x0629, 0
//    };
//    UnicodeString ar(ar_raw);
//    UErrorCode status=U_ZERO_ERROR;
//    UParseError parseError;
//    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance("Latin-Arabic", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
//    if (t == 0) {
//        errln("FAIL: createInstance failed");
//        return;
//    }
//    expect(*t, "Arabic", ar);
//    delete t;
}

/**
 * Compose the Kana transliterator forward and reverse and try
 * some strings that should come out unchanged.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestCompoundKana(void) {
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createInstance("Latin-Hiragana;Hiragana-Latin", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (t == 0) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: construction of Latin-Hiragana;Hiragana-Latin failed - %s", u_errorName(status));
    } else {
        expect(*t, "aaaaa", "aaaaa");
        delete t;
    }
}

/**
 * Compose the hex transliterators forward and reverse.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestCompoundHex(void) {
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* a = Transliterator::createInstance("Any-Hex", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator* b = Transliterator::createInstance("Hex-Any", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator* transab[] = { a, b };
    Transliterator* transba[] = { b, a };
    if (a == 0 || b == 0) {
        errln("FAIL: construction failed");
        delete a;
        delete b;
        return;
    }
    // Do some basic tests of a
    expect(*a, "01", UnicodeString("\\u0030\\u0031", ""));
    // Do some basic tests of b
    expect(*b, UnicodeString("\\u0030\\u0031", ""), "01");

    Transliterator* ab = new CompoundTransliterator(transab, 2);
    UnicodeString s("abcde", "");
    expect(*ab, s, s);

    UnicodeString str(s);
    a->transliterate(str);
    Transliterator* ba = new CompoundTransliterator(transba, 2);
    expect(*ba, str, str);

    delete ab;
    delete ba;
    delete a;
    delete b;
}

int gTestFilterClassID = 0;
/**
 * Used by TestFiltering().
 */
class TestFilter : public UnicodeFilter {
    virtual TestFilter* clone() const override {
        return new TestFilter(*this);
    }
    virtual UBool contains(UChar32 c) const override {
        return c != (UChar)0x0063 /*c*/;
    }
    // Stubs
    virtual UnicodeString& toPattern(UnicodeString& result,
                                     UBool /*escapeUnprintable*/) const override {
        return result;
    }
    virtual UBool matchesIndexValue(uint8_t /*v*/) const override {
        return false;
    }
    virtual void addMatchSetTo(UnicodeSet& /*toUnionTo*/) const override {}
public:
    UClassID getDynamicClassID() const override { return (UClassID)&gTestFilterClassID; }
};

/**
 * Do some basic tests of filtering.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestFiltering(void) {
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* hex = Transliterator::createInstance("Any-Hex", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (hex == 0) {
        errln("FAIL: createInstance(Any-Hex) failed");
        return;
    }
    hex->adoptFilter(new TestFilter());
    UnicodeString s("abcde");
    hex->transliterate(s);
    UnicodeString exp("\\u0061\\u0062c\\u0064\\u0065", "");
    if (s == exp) {
        logln(UnicodeString("Ok:   \"") + exp + "\"");
    } else {
        logln(UnicodeString("FAIL: \"") + s + "\", wanted \"" + exp + "\"");
    }
    
    // ICU4C ONLY. Do not find Transliterator.orphanFilter() in ICU4J.
    UnicodeFilter *f = hex->orphanFilter();
    if (f == NULL){
        errln("FAIL: orphanFilter() should get a UnicodeFilter");
    } else {
        delete f;
    }
    delete hex;
}

/**
 * Test anchors
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestAnchors(void) {
    expect(UnicodeString("^a  > 0; a$ > 2 ; a > 1;", ""),
           "aaa",
           "012");
    expect(UnicodeString("$s=[z$]; $s{a>0; a}$s>2; a>1;", ""),
           "aaa",
           "012");
    expect(UnicodeString("^ab  > 01 ;"
           " ab  > |8 ;"
           "  b  > k ;"
           " 8x$ > 45 ;"
           " 8x  > 77 ;", ""),

           "ababbabxabx",
           "018k7745");
    expect(UnicodeString("$s = [z$] ;"
           "$s{ab    > 01 ;"
           "   ab    > |8 ;"
           "    b    > k ;"
           "   8x}$s > 45 ;"
           "   8x    > 77 ;", ""),

           "abzababbabxzabxabx",
           "01z018k45z01x45");
}

/**
 * Test pattern quoting and escape mechanisms.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestPatternQuoting(void) {
    // Array of 3n items
    // Each item is <rules>, <input>, <expected output>
    const UnicodeString DATA[] = {
        UnicodeString(UChar(0x4E01)) + ">'[male adult]'",
        UnicodeString(UChar(0x4E01)),
        "[male adult]"
    };

    for (int32_t i=0; i<3; i+=3) {
        logln(UnicodeString("Pattern: ") + prettify(DATA[i]));
        UParseError parseError;
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("<ID>", DATA[i], UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            errln("RBT constructor failed");
        } else {
            expect(*t, DATA[i+1], DATA[i+2]);
        }
        delete t;
    }
}

/**
 * Regression test for bugs found in Greek transliteration.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestJ277(void) {
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError parseError;
    Transliterator *gl = Transliterator::createInstance("Greek-Latin; NFD; [:M:]Remove; NFC", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (gl == NULL) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance(Greek-Latin) returned NULL - %s", u_errorName(status));
        return;
    }

    UChar sigma = 0x3C3;
    UChar upsilon = 0x3C5;
    UChar nu = 0x3BD;
//    UChar PHI = 0x3A6;
    UChar alpha = 0x3B1;
//    UChar omega = 0x3C9;
//    UChar omicron = 0x3BF;
//    UChar epsilon = 0x3B5;

    // sigma upsilon nu -> syn
    UnicodeString syn;
    syn.append(sigma).append(upsilon).append(nu);
    expect(*gl, syn, "syn");

    // sigma alpha upsilon nu -> saun
    UnicodeString sayn;
    sayn.append(sigma).append(alpha).append(upsilon).append(nu);
    expect(*gl, sayn, "saun");

    // Again, using a smaller rule set
    UnicodeString rules(
                "$alpha   = \\u03B1;"
                "$nu      = \\u03BD;"
                "$sigma   = \\u03C3;"
                "$ypsilon = \\u03C5;"
                "$vowel   = [aeiouAEIOU$alpha$ypsilon];"
                "s <>           $sigma;"
                "a <>           $alpha;"
                "u <>  $vowel { $ypsilon;"
                "y <>           $ypsilon;"
                "n <>           $nu;",
                "");
    Transliterator *mini = Transliterator::createFromRules("mini", rules, UTRANS_REVERSE, parseError, status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) { errln("FAIL: Transliterator constructor failed"); return; }
    expect(*mini, syn, "syn");
    expect(*mini, sayn, "saun");
    delete mini;
    mini = NULL;

#if !UCONFIG_NO_FORMATTING
    // Transliterate the Greek locale data
    Locale el("el");
    DateFormatSymbols syms(el, status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) { errln("FAIL: Transliterator constructor failed"); return; }
    int32_t i, count;
    const UnicodeString* data = syms.getMonths(count);
    for (i=0; i<count; ++i) {
        if (data[i].length() == 0) {
            continue;
        }
        UnicodeString out(data[i]);
        gl->transliterate(out);
        UBool ok = true;
        if (data[i].length() >= 2 && out.length() >= 2 &&
            u_isupper(data[i].charAt(0)) && u_islower(data[i].charAt(1))) {
            if (!(u_isupper(out.charAt(0)) && u_islower(out.charAt(1)))) {
                ok = false;
            }
        }
        if (ok) {
            logln(prettify(data[i] + " -> " + out));
        } else {
            errln(UnicodeString("FAIL: ") + prettify(data[i] + " -> " + out));
        }
    }
#endif

    delete gl;
}

/**
 * Prefix, suffix support in hex transliterators
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestJ243(void) {
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;

    // Test default Hex-Any, which should handle
    // \u, \U, u+, and U+
    Transliterator *hex =
        Transliterator::createInstance("Hex-Any", UTRANS_FORWARD, ec);
    if (assertSuccess("getInstance", ec)) {
        expect(*hex, UnicodeString("\\u0041+\\U00000042,U+0043uU+0044z", ""), "A+B,CuDz");
    }
    delete hex;

//    // Try a custom Hex-Unicode
//    // \uXXXX and &#xXXXX;
//    ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
//    HexToUnicodeTransliterator hex2(UnicodeString("\\\\u###0;&\\#x###0\\;", ""), ec);
//    expect(hex2, UnicodeString("\\u61\\u062\\u0063\\u00645\\u66x&#x30;&#x031;&#x0032;&#x00033;", ""),
//           "abcd5fx012&#x00033;");
//    // Try custom Any-Hex (default is tested elsewhere)
//    ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
//    UnicodeToHexTransliterator hex3(UnicodeString("&\\#x###0;", ""), ec);
//    expect(hex3, "012", "&#x30;&#x31;&#x32;");
}

/**
 * Parsers need better syntax error messages.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestJ329(void) {
    
    struct { UBool containsErrors; const char* rule; } DATA[] = {
        { false, "a > b; c > d" },
        { true,  "a > b; no operator; c > d" },
    };
    int32_t DATA_length = UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA);

    for (int32_t i=0; i<DATA_length; ++i) {
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        UParseError parseError;
        Transliterator *rbt = Transliterator::createFromRules("<ID>",
                                    DATA[i].rule,
                                    UTRANS_FORWARD,
                                    parseError,
                                    status);
        UBool gotError = U_FAILURE(status);
        UnicodeString desc(DATA[i].rule);
        desc.append(gotError ? " -> error" : " -> no error");
        if (gotError) {
            desc = desc + ", ParseError code=" + u_errorName(status) +
                " line=" + parseError.line +
                " offset=" + parseError.offset +
                " context=" + parseError.preContext;
        }
        if (gotError == DATA[i].containsErrors) {
            logln(UnicodeString("Ok:   ") + desc);
        } else {
            errln(UnicodeString("FAIL: ") + desc);
        }
        delete rbt;
    }
}

/**
 * Test segments and segment references.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestSegments(void) {
    // Array of 3n items
    // Each item is <rules>, <input>, <expected output>
    UnicodeString DATA[] = {
        "([a-z]) '.' ([0-9]) > $2 '-' $1",
        "abc.123.xyz.456",
        "ab1-c23.xy4-z56",

        // nested
        "(([a-z])([0-9])) > $1 '.' $2 '.' $3;",
        "a1 b2",
        "a1.a.1 b2.b.2",
    };
    int32_t DATA_length = UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA);

    for (int32_t i=0; i<DATA_length; i+=3) {
        logln("Pattern: " + prettify(DATA[i]));
        UParseError parseError;
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("ID", DATA[i], UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            errln("FAIL: RBT constructor");
        } else {
            expect(*t, DATA[i+1], DATA[i+2]);
        }
        delete t;
    }
}

/**
 * Test cursor positioning outside of the key
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestCursorOffset(void) {
    // Array of 3n items
    // Each item is <rules>, <input>, <expected output>
    UnicodeString DATA[] = {
        "pre {alpha} post > | @ ALPHA ;"
        "eALPHA > beta ;"
        "pre {beta} post > BETA @@ | ;"
        "post > xyz",

        "prealphapost prebetapost",

        "prbetaxyz preBETApost",
    };
    int32_t DATA_length = UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA);

    for (int32_t i=0; i<DATA_length; i+=3) {
        logln("Pattern: " + prettify(DATA[i]));
        UParseError parseError;
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("<ID>", DATA[i], UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            errln("FAIL: RBT constructor");
        } else {
            expect(*t, DATA[i+1], DATA[i+2]);
        }
        delete t;
    }
}

/**
 * Test zero length and > 1 char length variable values.  Test
 * use of variable refs in UnicodeSets.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestArbitraryVariableValues(void) {
    // Array of 3n items
    // Each item is <rules>, <input>, <expected output>
    UnicodeString DATA[] = {
        "$abe = ab;"
        "$pat = x[yY]z;"
        "$ll  = 'a-z';"
        "$llZ = [$ll];"
        "$llY = [$ll$pat];"
        "$emp = ;"

        "$abe > ABE;"
        "$pat > END;"
        "$llZ > 1;"
        "$llY > 2;"
        "7$emp 8 > 9;"
        "",

        "ab xYzxyz stY78",
        "ABE ENDEND 1129",
    };
    int32_t DATA_length = UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA);

    for (int32_t i=0; i<DATA_length; i+=3) {
        logln("Pattern: " + prettify(DATA[i]));
        UParseError parseError;
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("<ID>", DATA[i], UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            errln("FAIL: RBT constructor");
        } else {
            expect(*t, DATA[i+1], DATA[i+2]);
        }
        delete t;
    }
}

/**
 * Confirm that the contextStart, contextLimit, start, and limit
 * behave correctly. J474.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestPositionHandling(void) {
    // Array of 3n items
    // Each item is <rules>, <input>, <expected output>
    const char* DATA[] = {
        "a{t} > SS ; {t}b > UU ; {t} > TT ;",
        "xtat txtb", // pos 0,9,0,9
        "xTTaSS TTxUUb",

        "a{t} > SS ; {t}b > UU ; {t} > TT ; a > A ; b > B ;",
        "xtat txtb", // pos 2,9,3,8
        "xtaSS TTxUUb",

        "a{t} > SS ; {t}b > UU ; {t} > TT ; a > A ; b > B ;",
        "xtat txtb", // pos 3,8,3,8
        "xtaTT TTxTTb",
    };

    // Array of 4n positions -- these go with the DATA array
    // They are: contextStart, contextLimit, start, limit
    int32_t POS[] = {
        0, 9, 0, 9,
        2, 9, 3, 8,
        3, 8, 3, 8,
    };

    int32_t n = UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA) / 3;
    for (int32_t i=0; i<n; i++) {
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        UParseError parseError;
        Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("<ID>",
                                DATA[3*i], UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            delete t;
            errln("FAIL: RBT constructor");
            return;
        }
        UTransPosition pos;
        pos.contextStart= POS[4*i];
        pos.contextLimit = POS[4*i+1];
        pos.start = POS[4*i+2];
        pos.limit = POS[4*i+3];
        UnicodeString rsource(DATA[3*i+1]);
        t->transliterate(rsource, pos, status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            delete t;
            errln("FAIL: transliterate");
            return;
        }
        t->finishTransliteration(rsource, pos);
        expectAux(DATA[3*i],
                  DATA[3*i+1],
                  rsource,
                  DATA[3*i+2]);
        delete t;
    }
}

/**
 * Test the Hiragana-Katakana transliterator.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestHiraganaKatakana(void) {
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* hk = Transliterator::createInstance("Hiragana-Katakana", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator* kh = Transliterator::createInstance("Katakana-Hiragana", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (hk == 0 || kh == 0) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance failed - %s", u_errorName(status));
        delete hk;
        delete kh;
        return;
    }

    // Array of 3n items
    // Each item is "hk"|"kh"|"both", <Hiragana>, <Katakana>
    const char* DATA[] = {
        "both",
        "\\u3042\\u3090\\u3099\\u3092\\u3050",
        "\\u30A2\\u30F8\\u30F2\\u30B0",

        "kh",
        "\\u307C\\u3051\\u3060\\u3042\\u3093\\u30FC",
        "\\u30DC\\u30F6\\u30C0\\u30FC\\u30F3\\u30FC",
    };
    int32_t DATA_length = UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA);

    for (int32_t i=0; i<DATA_length; i+=3) {
        UnicodeString h = CharsToUnicodeString(DATA[i+1]);
        UnicodeString k = CharsToUnicodeString(DATA[i+2]);
        switch (*DATA[i]) {
        case 0x68: //'h': // Hiragana-Katakana
            expect(*hk, h, k);
            break;
        case 0x6B: //'k': // Katakana-Hiragana
            expect(*kh, k, h);
            break;
        case 0x62: //'b': // both
            expect(*hk, h, k);
            expect(*kh, k, h);
            break;
        }
    }
    delete hk;
    delete kh;
}

/**
 * Test cloning / copy constructor of RBT.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestCopyJ476(void) {
    // The real test here is what happens when the destructors are
    // called.  So we let one object get destructed, and check to
    // see that its copy still works.
    Transliterator *t2 = 0;
    {
        UParseError parseError;
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        Transliterator *t1 = Transliterator::createFromRules("t1",
            "a>A;b>B;'foo'+>'bar'", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            errln("FAIL: RBT constructor");
            return;
        }
        t2 = t1->clone(); // Call copy constructor under the covers.
        expect(*t1, "abcfoofoo", "ABcbar");
        delete t1;
    }
    expect(*t2, "abcfoofoo", "ABcbar");
    delete t2;
}

/**
 * Test inter-Indic transliterators.  These are composed.
 * ICU4C Jitterbug 483.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestInterIndic(void) {
    UnicodeString ID("Devanagari-Gujarati", "");
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError parseError;
    Transliterator* dg = Transliterator::createInstance(ID, UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (dg == 0) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance(" + ID + ") returned NULL - " + u_errorName(status));
        return;
    }
    UnicodeString id = dg->getID();
    if (id != ID) {
        errln("FAIL: createInstance(" + ID + ")->getID() => " + id);
    }
    UnicodeString dev = CharsToUnicodeString("\\u0901\\u090B\\u0925");
    UnicodeString guj = CharsToUnicodeString("\\u0A81\\u0A8B\\u0AA5");
    expect(*dg, dev, guj);
    delete dg;
}

/**
 * Test filter syntax in IDs. (J918)
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestFilterIDs(void) {
    // Array of 3n strings:
    // <id>, <inverse id>, <input>, <expected output>
    const char* DATA[] = {
        "[aeiou]Any-Hex", // ID
        "[aeiou]Hex-Any", // expected inverse ID
        "quizzical",      // src
        "q\\u0075\\u0069zz\\u0069c\\u0061l", // expected ID.translit(src)
        
        "[aeiou]Any-Hex;[^5]Hex-Any",
        "[^5]Any-Hex;[aeiou]Hex-Any",
        "quizzical",
        "q\\u0075izzical",
        
        "[abc]Null",
        "[abc]Null",
        "xyz",
        "xyz",
    };
    enum { DATA_length = UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA) };

    for (int i=0; i<DATA_length; i+=4) {
        UnicodeString ID(DATA[i], "");
        UnicodeString uID(DATA[i+1], "");
        UnicodeString data2(DATA[i+2], "");
        UnicodeString data3(DATA[i+3], "");
        UParseError parseError;
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance(ID, UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
        if (t == 0) {
            errln("FAIL: createInstance(" + ID + ") returned NULL");
            return;
        }
        expect(*t, data2, data3);

        // Check the ID
        if (ID != t->getID()) {
            errln("FAIL: createInstance(" + ID + ").getID() => " +
                  t->getID());
        }

        // Check the inverse
        Transliterator *u = t->createInverse(status);
        if (u == 0) {
            errln("FAIL: " + ID + ".createInverse() returned NULL");
        } else if (u->getID() != uID) {
            errln("FAIL: " + ID + ".createInverse().getID() => " +
                  u->getID() + ", expected " + uID);
        }

        delete t;
        delete u;
    }
}

/**
 * Test the case mapping transliterators.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestCaseMap(void) {
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* toUpper =
        Transliterator::createInstance("Any-Upper[^xyzXYZ]", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator* toLower =
        Transliterator::createInstance("Any-Lower[^xyzXYZ]", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator* toTitle =
        Transliterator::createInstance("Any-Title[^xyzXYZ]", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (toUpper==0 || toLower==0 || toTitle==0) {
        errln("FAIL: createInstance returned NULL");
        delete toUpper;
        delete toLower;
        delete toTitle;
        return;
    }

    expect(*toUpper, "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dogs.",
           "THE QUICK BROWN FOx JUMPED OVER THE LAzy DOGS.");
    expect(*toLower, "The quIck brown fOX jUMPED OVER THE LAzY dogs.",
           "the quick brown foX jumped over the lazY dogs.");
    expect(*toTitle, "the quick brown foX can't jump over the laZy dogs.",
           "The Quick Brown FoX Can't Jump Over The LaZy Dogs.");

    delete toUpper;
    delete toLower;
    delete toTitle;
}

/**
 * Test the name mapping transliterators.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestNameMap(void) {
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* uni2name =
        Transliterator::createInstance("Any-Name[^abc]", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator* name2uni =
        Transliterator::createInstance("Name-Any", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (uni2name==0 || name2uni==0) {
        errln("FAIL: createInstance returned NULL");
        delete uni2name;
        delete name2uni;
        return;
    }

    // Careful:  CharsToUS will convert "\\N" => "N"; use "\\\\N" for \N
    expect(*uni2name, CharsToUnicodeString("\\u00A0abc\\u4E01\\u00B5\\u0A81\\uFFFD\\u0004\\u0009\\u0081\\uFFFF"),
           CharsToUnicodeString("\\\\N{NO-BREAK SPACE}abc\\\\N{CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E01}\\\\N{MICRO SIGN}\\\\N{GUJARATI SIGN CANDRABINDU}\\\\N{REPLACEMENT CHARACTER}\\\\N{<control-0004>}\\\\N{<control-0009>}\\\\N{<control-0081>}\\\\N{<noncharacter-FFFF>}"));
    expect(*name2uni, UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("{\\N { NO-BREAK SPACE}abc\\N{  CJK UNIFIED  IDEOGRAPH-4E01  }\\N{x\\N{MICRO SIGN}\\N{GUJARATI SIGN CANDRABINDU}\\N{REPLACEMENT CHARACTER}\\N{<control-0004>}\\N{<control-0009>}\\N{<control-0081>}\\N{<noncharacter-FFFF>}\\N{<control-0004>}\\N{"),
           CharsToUnicodeString("{\\u00A0abc\\u4E01\\\\N{x\\u00B5\\u0A81\\uFFFD\\u0004\\u0009\\u0081\\uFFFF\\u0004\\\\N{"));

    delete uni2name;
    delete name2uni;

    // round trip
    Transliterator* t =
        Transliterator::createInstance("Any-Name;Name-Any", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (t==0) {
        errln("FAIL: createInstance returned NULL");
        delete t;
        return;
    }

    // Careful:  CharsToUS will convert "\\N" => "N"; use "\\\\N" for \N
    UnicodeString s = CharsToUnicodeString("{\\u00A0abc\\u4E01\\\\N{x\\u00B5\\u0A81\\uFFFD\\u0004\\u0009\\u0081\\uFFFF\\u0004\\\\N{");
    expect(*t, s, s);
    delete t;
}

/**
 * Test liberalized ID syntax.  1006c
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestLiberalizedID(void) {
    // Some test cases have an expected getID() value of NULL.  This
    // means I have disabled the test case for now.  This stuff is
    // still under development, and I haven't decided whether to make
    // getID() return canonical case yet.  It will all get rewritten
    // with the move to Source-Target/Variant IDs anyway. [aliu]
    const char* DATA[] = {
        "latin-greek", NULL /*"Latin-Greek"*/, "case insensitivity",
        "  Null  ", "Null", "whitespace",
        " Latin[a-z]-Greek  ", "[a-z]Latin-Greek", "inline filter",
        "  null  ; latin-greek  ", NULL /*"Null;Latin-Greek"*/, "compound whitespace",
    };
    const int32_t DATA_length = UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA);
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status= U_ZERO_ERROR;
    for (int32_t i=0; i<DATA_length; i+=3) {
        Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance(DATA[i], UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
        if (t == 0) {
            dataerrln(UnicodeString("FAIL: ") + DATA[i+2] +
                  " cannot create ID \"" + DATA[i] + "\" - " + u_errorName(status));
        } else {
            UnicodeString exp;
            if (DATA[i+1]) {
                exp = UnicodeString(DATA[i+1], "");
            }
            // Don't worry about getID() if the expected char*
            // is NULL -- see above.
            if (exp.length() == 0 || exp == t->getID()) {
                logln(UnicodeString("Ok: ") + DATA[i+2] +
                      " create ID \"" + DATA[i] + "\" => \"" +
                      exp + "\"");
            } else {
                errln(UnicodeString("FAIL: ") + DATA[i+2] +
                      " create ID \"" + DATA[i] + "\" => \"" +
                      t->getID() + "\", exp \"" + exp + "\"");
            }
            delete t;
        }
    }
}

/* test for Jitterbug 912 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestCreateInstance(){
    const char* FORWARD = "F";
    const char* REVERSE = "R";
    const char* DATA[] = {
        // Column 1: id
        // Column 2: direction
        // Column 3: expected ID, or "" if expect failure
        "Latin-Hangul", REVERSE, "Hangul-Latin", // JB#912

        // JB#2689: bad compound causes crash
        "InvalidSource-InvalidTarget", FORWARD, "",
        "InvalidSource-InvalidTarget", REVERSE, "",
        "Hex-Any;InvalidSource-InvalidTarget", FORWARD, "",
        "Hex-Any;InvalidSource-InvalidTarget", REVERSE, "",
        "InvalidSource-InvalidTarget;Hex-Any", FORWARD, "",
        "InvalidSource-InvalidTarget;Hex-Any", REVERSE, "",

        NULL
    };

    for (int32_t i=0; DATA[i]; i+=3) {
        UParseError err;
        UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        UnicodeString id(DATA[i]);
        UTransDirection dir = (DATA[i+1]==FORWARD)?
            UTRANS_FORWARD:UTRANS_REVERSE;
        UnicodeString expID(DATA[i+2]);
        Transliterator* t =
            Transliterator::createInstance(id,dir,err,ec);
        UnicodeString newID;
        if (t) {
            newID = t->getID();
        }
        UBool ok = (newID == expID);
        if (!t) {
            newID = u_errorName(ec);
        }
        if (ok) {
            logln((UnicodeString)"Ok: createInstance(" +
                  id + "," + DATA[i+1] + ") => " + newID);
        } else {
            dataerrln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: createInstance(" +
                  id + "," + DATA[i+1] + ") => " + newID +
                  ", expected " + expID);
        }
        delete t;
    }
}

/**
 * Test the normalization transliterator.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestNormalizationTransliterator() {
    // THE FOLLOWING TWO TABLES ARE COPIED FROM com.ibm.test.normalizer.BasicTest
    // PLEASE KEEP THEM IN SYNC WITH BasicTest.
    const char* CANON[] = {
        // Input               Decomposed            Composed
        "cat",                "cat",                "cat"               ,
        "\\u00e0ardvark",      "a\\u0300ardvark",     "\\u00e0ardvark"    ,

        "\\u1e0a",             "D\\u0307",            "\\u1e0a"            , // D-dot_above
        "D\\u0307",            "D\\u0307",            "\\u1e0a"            , // D dot_above

        "\\u1e0c\\u0307",       "D\\u0323\\u0307",      "\\u1e0c\\u0307"      , // D-dot_below dot_above
        "\\u1e0a\\u0323",       "D\\u0323\\u0307",      "\\u1e0c\\u0307"      , // D-dot_above dot_below
        "D\\u0307\\u0323",      "D\\u0323\\u0307",      "\\u1e0c\\u0307"      , // D dot_below dot_above

        "\\u1e10\\u0307\\u0323", "D\\u0327\\u0323\\u0307","\\u1e10\\u0323\\u0307", // D dot_below cedilla dot_above
        "D\\u0307\\u0328\\u0323","D\\u0328\\u0323\\u0307","\\u1e0c\\u0328\\u0307", // D dot_above ogonek dot_below

        "\\u1E14",             "E\\u0304\\u0300",      "\\u1E14"            , // E-macron-grave
        "\\u0112\\u0300",       "E\\u0304\\u0300",      "\\u1E14"            , // E-macron + grave
        "\\u00c8\\u0304",       "E\\u0300\\u0304",      "\\u00c8\\u0304"      , // E-grave + macron

        "\\u212b",             "A\\u030a",            "\\u00c5"            , // angstrom_sign
        "\\u00c5",             "A\\u030a",            "\\u00c5"            , // A-ring

        "\\u00fdffin",         "y\\u0301ffin",        "\\u00fdffin"        ,    //updated with 3.0
        "\\u00fd\\uFB03n",      "y\\u0301\\uFB03n",     "\\u00fd\\uFB03n"     , //updated with 3.0

        "Henry IV",           "Henry IV",           "Henry IV"          ,
        "Henry \\u2163",       "Henry \\u2163",       "Henry \\u2163"      ,

        "\\u30AC",             "\\u30AB\\u3099",       "\\u30AC"            , // ga (Katakana)
        "\\u30AB\\u3099",       "\\u30AB\\u3099",       "\\u30AC"            , // ka + ten
        "\\uFF76\\uFF9E",       "\\uFF76\\uFF9E",       "\\uFF76\\uFF9E"      , // hw_ka + hw_ten
        "\\u30AB\\uFF9E",       "\\u30AB\\uFF9E",       "\\u30AB\\uFF9E"      , // ka + hw_ten
        "\\uFF76\\u3099",       "\\uFF76\\u3099",       "\\uFF76\\u3099"      , // hw_ka + ten

        "A\\u0300\\u0316",      "A\\u0316\\u0300",      "\\u00C0\\u0316"      ,
        0 // end
    };

    const char* COMPAT[] = {
        // Input               Decomposed            Composed
        "\\uFB4f",             "\\u05D0\\u05DC",       "\\u05D0\\u05DC"     , // Alef-Lamed vs. Alef, Lamed

        "\\u00fdffin",         "y\\u0301ffin",        "\\u00fdffin"        ,    //updated for 3.0
        "\\u00fd\\uFB03n",      "y\\u0301ffin",        "\\u00fdffin"        , // ffi ligature -> f + f + i

        "Henry IV",           "Henry IV",           "Henry IV"          ,
        "Henry \\u2163",       "Henry IV",           "Henry IV"          ,

        "\\u30AC",             "\\u30AB\\u3099",       "\\u30AC"            , // ga (Katakana)
        "\\u30AB\\u3099",       "\\u30AB\\u3099",       "\\u30AC"            , // ka + ten

        "\\uFF76\\u3099",       "\\u30AB\\u3099",       "\\u30AC"            , // hw_ka + ten
        0 // end
    };

    int32_t i;
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* NFD = Transliterator::createInstance("NFD", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator* NFC = Transliterator::createInstance("NFC", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (!NFD || !NFC) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance failed: %s", u_errorName(status));
        delete NFD;
        delete NFC;
        return;
    }
    for (i=0; CANON[i]; i+=3) {
        UnicodeString in = CharsToUnicodeString(CANON[i]);
        UnicodeString expd = CharsToUnicodeString(CANON[i+1]);
        UnicodeString expc = CharsToUnicodeString(CANON[i+2]);
        expect(*NFD, in, expd);
        expect(*NFC, in, expc);
    }
    delete NFD;
    delete NFC;

    Transliterator* NFKD = Transliterator::createInstance("NFKD", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator* NFKC = Transliterator::createInstance("NFKC", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (!NFKD || !NFKC) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance failed");
        delete NFKD;
        delete NFKC;
        return;
    }
    for (i=0; COMPAT[i]; i+=3) {
        UnicodeString in = CharsToUnicodeString(COMPAT[i]);
        UnicodeString expkd = CharsToUnicodeString(COMPAT[i+1]);
        UnicodeString expkc = CharsToUnicodeString(COMPAT[i+2]);
        expect(*NFKD, in, expkd);
        expect(*NFKC, in, expkc);
    }
    delete NFKD;
    delete NFKC;

    UParseError pe;
    status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance("NFD; [x]Remove",
                                                       UTRANS_FORWARD,
                                                       pe, status);
    if (t == 0) {
        errln("FAIL: createInstance failed");
    }
    expect(*t, CharsToUnicodeString("\\u010dx"),
           CharsToUnicodeString("c\\u030C"));
    delete t;
}

/**
 * Test we can create basic transliterator even without data.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestBasicTransliteratorEvenWithoutData() {
    const char16_t* TEST_DATA = u"\u0124e\u0301 \uFB01nd x";
    const char16_t* EXPECTED_RESULTS[] = {
        u"H\u0302e\u0301 \uFB01nd x",  // NFD
        u"\u0124\u00E9 \uFB01nd x",  // NFC
        u"H\u0302e\u0301 find x",  // NFKD
        u"\u0124\u00E9 find x",  // NFKC
        u"\u0124e\u0301 \uFB01nd x",  // Hex-Any
        u"\u0125e\u0301 \uFB01nd x",  // Lower
        u"\u0124e\uFB01ndx",  // [:^L:]Remove
        u"H\u0302e\u0301 \uFB01nd ",  // NFD; [x]Remove
        u"h\u0302e\u0301 find x",  // Lower; NFKD;
        u"hefindx",  // Lower; NFKD; [:^L:]Remove; NFC;
        u"\u0124e \uFB01nd x",  // [:Nonspacing Mark:] Remove;
        u"He \uFB01nd x",  // NFD; [:Nonspacing Mark:] Remove; NFC;
        // end
        0
    };

    const char* BASIC_TRANSLITERATOR_ID[] = {
        "NFD",
        "NFC",
        "NFKD",
        "NFKC",
        "Hex-Any",
        "Lower",
        "[:^L:]Remove",
        "NFD; [x]Remove",
        "Lower; NFKD;",
        "Lower; NFKD; [:^L:]Remove; NFC;",
        "[:Nonspacing Mark:] Remove;",
        "NFD; [:Nonspacing Mark:] Remove; NFC;",
        // end
        0
    };
    const char* BASIC_TRANSLITERATOR_RULES[] = {
        "::Lower; ::NFKD;",
        "::Lower; ::NFKD; ::[:^L:]Remove; ::NFC;",
        "::[:Nonspacing Mark:] Remove;",
        "::NFD; ::[:Nonspacing Mark:] Remove; ::NFC;",
        // end
        0
    };
    for (int32_t i=0; BASIC_TRANSLITERATOR_ID[i]; i++) {
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        UParseError parseError;
        std::unique_ptr<Transliterator> translit(Transliterator::createInstance(
            BASIC_TRANSLITERATOR_ID[i], UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status));
        if (translit.get() == nullptr || !U_SUCCESS(status)) {
            dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance %s failed", BASIC_TRANSLITERATOR_ID[i]);
            continue;
        }
        UnicodeString data(TEST_DATA);
        UnicodeString expected(EXPECTED_RESULTS[i]);
        translit->transliterate(data);
        if (data != expected) {
            dataerrln(UnicodeString("FAIL: expected translit(") +
                      BASIC_TRANSLITERATOR_ID[i] + ") = '" +
                      EXPECTED_RESULTS[i] + "' but got '" + data);
            continue;
        }
    }
    for (int32_t i=0; BASIC_TRANSLITERATOR_RULES[i]; i++) {
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        UParseError parseError;
        std::unique_ptr<Transliterator> translit(Transliterator::createFromRules(
            "Test",
            BASIC_TRANSLITERATOR_RULES[i], UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status));
        if (translit.get() == nullptr || !U_SUCCESS(status)) {
            dataerrln("FAIL: createFromRules %s failed", BASIC_TRANSLITERATOR_RULES[i]);
            continue;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Test compound RBT rules.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestCompoundRBT(void) {
    // Careful with spacing and ';' here:  Phrase this exactly
    // as toRules() is going to return it.  If toRules() changes
    // with regard to spacing or ';', then adjust this string.
    UnicodeString rule("::Hex-Any;\n"
                       "::Any-Lower;\n"
                       "a > '.A.';\n"
                       "b > '.B.';\n"
                       "::[^t]Any-Upper;", "");
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("Test", rule, UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (t == 0) {
        errln("FAIL: createFromRules failed");
        return;
    }
    expect(*t, UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("\\u0043at in the hat, bat on the mat"),
           "C.A.t IN tHE H.A.t, .B..A.t ON tHE M.A.t");
    UnicodeString r;
    t->toRules(r, true);
    if (r == rule) {
        logln((UnicodeString)"OK: toRules() => " + r);
    } else {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: toRules() => " + r +
              ", expected " + rule);
    }
    delete t;

    // Now test toRules
    t = Transliterator::createInstance("Greek-Latin; Latin-Cyrillic", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (t == 0) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance failed - %s", u_errorName(status));
        return;
    }
    UnicodeString exp("::Greek-Latin;\n::Latin-Cyrillic;");
    t->toRules(r, true);
    if (r != exp) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: toRules() => " + r +
              ", expected " + exp);
    } else {
        logln((UnicodeString)"OK: toRules() => " + r);
    }
    delete t;

    // Round trip the result of toRules
    t = Transliterator::createFromRules("Test", r, UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (t == 0) {
        errln("FAIL: createFromRules #2 failed");
        return;
    } else {
        logln((UnicodeString)"OK: createFromRules(" + r + ") succeeded");
    }

    // Test toRules again
    t->toRules(r, true);
    if (r != exp) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: toRules() => " + r +
              ", expected " + exp);
    } else {
        logln((UnicodeString)"OK: toRules() => " + r);
    }

    delete t;

    // Test Foo(Bar) IDs.  Careful with spacing in id; make it conform
    // to what the regenerated ID will look like.
    UnicodeString id("Upper(Lower);(NFKC)", "");
    t = Transliterator::createInstance(id, UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (t == 0) {
        errln("FAIL: createInstance #2 failed");
        return;
    }
    if (t->getID() == id) {
        logln((UnicodeString)"OK: created " + id);
    } else {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: createInstance(" + id +
              ").getID() => " + t->getID());
    }

    Transliterator *u = t->createInverse(status);
    if (u == 0) {
        errln("FAIL: createInverse failed");
        delete t;
        return;
    }
    exp = "NFKC();Lower(Upper)";
    if (u->getID() == exp) {
        logln((UnicodeString)"OK: createInverse(" + id + ") => " +
              u->getID());
    } else {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: createInverse(" + id + ") => " +
              u->getID());
    }
    delete t;
    delete u;
}

/**
 * Compound filter semantics were originally not implemented
 * correctly.  Originally, each component filter f(i) is replaced by
 * f'(i) = f(i) && g, where g is the filter for the compound
 * transliterator.
 * 
 * From Mark:
 *
 * Suppose and I have a transliterator X. Internally X is
 * "Greek-Latin; Latin-Cyrillic; Any-Lower". I use a filter [^A].
 * 
 * The compound should convert all greek characters (through latin) to
 * cyrillic, then lowercase the result. The filter should say "don't
 * touch 'A' in the original". But because an intermediate result
 * happens to go through "A", the Greek Alpha gets hung up.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestCompoundFilter(void) {
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance
        ("Greek-Latin; Latin-Greek; Lower", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (t == 0) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance failed - %s", u_errorName(status));
        return;
    }
    t->adoptFilter(new UnicodeSet("[^A]", status));
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        errln("FAIL: UnicodeSet ct failed");
        delete t;
        return;
    }
    
    // Only the 'A' at index 1 should remain unchanged
    expect(*t,
           CharsToUnicodeString("BA\\u039A\\u0391"),
           CharsToUnicodeString("\\u03b2A\\u03ba\\u03b1"));
    delete t;
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestRemove(void) {
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance("Remove[abc]", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (t == 0) {
        errln("FAIL: createInstance failed");
        return;
    }
    
    expect(*t, "Able bodied baker's cats", "Ale odied ker's ts");
    
    // extra test for RemoveTransliterator::clone(), which at one point wasn't
    // duplicating the filter
    Transliterator* t2 = t->clone();
    expect(*t2, "Able bodied baker's cats", "Ale odied ker's ts");
    
    delete t;
    delete t2;
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestToRules(void) {
    const char* RBT = "rbt";
    const char* SET = "set";
    static const char* DATA[] = {
        RBT,
        "$a=\\u4E61; [$a] > A;",
        "[\\u4E61] > A;",

        RBT,
        "$white=[[:Zs:][:Zl:]]; $white{a} > A;",
        "[[:Zs:][:Zl:]]{a} > A;",

        SET,
        "[[:Zs:][:Zl:]]",
        "[[:Zs:][:Zl:]]",

        SET,
        "[:Ps:]",
        "[:Ps:]",

        SET,
        "[:L:]",
        "[:L:]",

        SET,
        "[[:L:]-[A]]",
        "[[:L:]-[A]]",

        SET,
        "[~[:Lu:][:Ll:]]",
        "[~[:Lu:][:Ll:]]",

        SET,
        "[~[a-z]]",
        "[~[a-z]]",

        RBT,
        "$white=[:Zs:]; $black=[^$white]; $black{a} > A;",
        "[^[:Zs:]]{a} > A;",

        RBT,
        "$a=[:Zs:]; $b=[[a-z]-$a]; $b{a} > A;",
        "[[a-z]-[:Zs:]]{a} > A;",

        RBT,
        "$a=[:Zs:]; $b=[$a&[a-z]]; $b{a} > A;",
        "[[:Zs:]&[a-z]]{a} > A;",

        RBT,
        "$a=[:Zs:]; $b=[x$a]; $b{a} > A;",
        "[x[:Zs:]]{a} > A;",

        RBT,
        "$accentMinus = [ [\\u0300-\\u0345] & [:M:] - [\\u0338]] ;"
        "$macron = \\u0304 ;"
        "$evowel = [aeiouyAEIOUY] ;"
        "$iotasub = \\u0345 ;" 
        "($evowel $macron $accentMinus *) i > | $1 $iotasub ;",
        "([AEIOUYaeiouy]\\u0304[[\\u0300-\\u0345]&[:M:]-[\\u0338]]*)i > | $1 \\u0345;",

        RBT,
        "([AEIOUYaeiouy]\\u0304[[:M:]-[\\u0304\\u0345]]*)i > | $1 \\u0345;",
        "([AEIOUYaeiouy]\\u0304[[:M:]-[\\u0304\\u0345]]*)i > | $1 \\u0345;",
    };
    static const int32_t DATA_length = UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA);

    for (int32_t d=0; d < DATA_length; d+=3) {
        if (DATA[d] == RBT) {
            // Transliterator test
            UParseError parseError;
            UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
            Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("ID",
                                                                UnicodeString(DATA[d+1], -1, US_INV), UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
            if (t == 0) {
                dataerrln("FAIL: createFromRules failed - %s", u_errorName(status));
                return;
            }
            UnicodeString rules, escapedRules;
            t->toRules(rules, false);
            t->toRules(escapedRules, true);
            UnicodeString expRules = CharsToUnicodeString(DATA[d+2]);
            UnicodeString expEscapedRules(DATA[d+2], -1, US_INV);
            if (rules == expRules) {
                logln((UnicodeString)"Ok: " + UnicodeString(DATA[d+1], -1, US_INV) +
                      " => " + rules);
            } else {
                errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: " + UnicodeString(DATA[d+1], -1, US_INV) +
                      " => " + rules + ", exp " + expRules);
            }
            if (escapedRules == expEscapedRules) {
                logln((UnicodeString)"Ok: " + UnicodeString(DATA[d+1], -1, US_INV) +
                      " => " + escapedRules);
            } else {
                errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: " + UnicodeString(DATA[d+1], -1, US_INV) +
                      " => " + escapedRules + ", exp " + expEscapedRules);
            }
            delete t;
            
        } else {
            // UnicodeSet test
            UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
            UnicodeString pat(DATA[d+1], -1, US_INV);
            UnicodeString expToPat(DATA[d+2], -1, US_INV);
            UnicodeSet set(pat, status);
            if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
                errln("FAIL: UnicodeSet ct failed");
                return;
            }
            // Adjust spacing etc. as necessary.
            UnicodeString toPat;
            set.toPattern(toPat);
            if (expToPat == toPat) {
                logln((UnicodeString)"Ok: " + pat +
                      " => " + toPat);
            } else {
                errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: " + pat +
                      " => " + prettify(toPat, true) +
                      ", exp " + prettify(pat, true));
            }
        }
    }
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestContext() {
    UTransPosition pos = {0, 2, 0, 1}; // cs cl s l
    expect("de > x; {d}e > y;",
           "de",
           "ye",
           &pos);

    expect("ab{c} > z;",
           "xadabdabcy",
           "xadabdabzy");
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestSupplemental() { 

    expect(CharsToUnicodeString("$a=\\U00010300; $s=[\\U00010300-\\U00010323];"
                                "a > $a; $s > i;"),
           CharsToUnicodeString("ab\\U0001030Fx"),
           CharsToUnicodeString("\\U00010300bix"));

    expect(CharsToUnicodeString("$a=[a-z\\U00010300-\\U00010323];"
                                "$b=[A-Z\\U00010400-\\U0001044D];"
                                "($a)($b) > $2 $1;"),
           CharsToUnicodeString("aB\\U00010300\\U00010400c\\U00010401\\U00010301D"),
           CharsToUnicodeString("Ba\\U00010400\\U00010300\\U00010401cD\\U00010301"));

    // k|ax\\U00010300xm

    // k|a\\U00010400\\U00010300xm
    // ky|\\U00010400\\U00010300xm
    // ky\\U00010400|\\U00010300xm

    // ky\\U00010400|\\U00010300\\U00010400m
    // ky\\U00010400y|\\U00010400m
    expect(CharsToUnicodeString("$a=[a\\U00010300-\\U00010323];"
                                "$a {x} > | @ \\U00010400;"
                                "{$a} [^\\u0000-\\uFFFF] > y;"),
           CharsToUnicodeString("kax\\U00010300xm"),
           CharsToUnicodeString("ky\\U00010400y\\U00010400m"));

    expectT("Any-Name",
           CharsToUnicodeString("\\U00010330\\U000E0061\\u00A0"),
           UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("\\N{GOTHIC LETTER AHSA}\\N{TAG LATIN SMALL LETTER A}\\N{NO-BREAK SPACE}"));

    expectT("Any-Hex/Unicode",
           CharsToUnicodeString("\\U00010330\\U0010FF00\\U000E0061\\u00A0"),
           UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("U+10330U+10FF00U+E0061U+00A0"));

    expectT("Any-Hex/C",
           CharsToUnicodeString("\\U00010330\\U0010FF00\\U000E0061\\u00A0"),
           UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("\\U00010330\\U0010FF00\\U000E0061\\u00A0"));

    expectT("Any-Hex/Perl",
           CharsToUnicodeString("\\U00010330\\U0010FF00\\U000E0061\\u00A0"),
           UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("\\x{10330}\\x{10FF00}\\x{E0061}\\x{A0}"));

    expectT("Any-Hex/Java",
           CharsToUnicodeString("\\U00010330\\U0010FF00\\U000E0061\\u00A0"),
           UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("\\uD800\\uDF30\\uDBFF\\uDF00\\uDB40\\uDC61\\u00A0"));

    expectT("Any-Hex/XML",
           CharsToUnicodeString("\\U00010330\\U0010FF00\\U000E0061\\u00A0"),
           "&#x10330;&#x10FF00;&#xE0061;&#xA0;");

    expectT("Any-Hex/XML10",
           CharsToUnicodeString("\\U00010330\\U0010FF00\\U000E0061\\u00A0"),
           "&#66352;&#1113856;&#917601;&#160;");

    expectT(UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("[\\U000E0000-\\U000E0FFF] Remove"),
           CharsToUnicodeString("\\U00010330\\U0010FF00\\U000E0061\\u00A0"),
           CharsToUnicodeString("\\U00010330\\U0010FF00\\u00A0"));
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestQuantifier() { 

    // Make sure @ in a quantified anteContext works
    expect("a+ {b} > | @@ c; A > a; (a+ c) > '(' $1 ')';",
           "AAAAAb",
           "aaa(aac)");

    // Make sure @ in a quantified postContext works
    expect("{b} a+ > c @@ |; (a+) > '(' $1 ')';",
           "baaaaa",
           "caa(aaa)");

    // Make sure @ in a quantified postContext with seg ref works
    expect("{(b)} a+ > $1 @@ |; (a+) > '(' $1 ')';",
           "baaaaa",
           "baa(aaa)");

    // Make sure @ past ante context doesn't enter ante context
    UTransPosition pos = {0, 5, 3, 5};
    expect("a+ {b} > | @@ c; x > y; (a+ c) > '(' $1 ')';",
           "xxxab",
           "xxx(ac)",
           &pos);

    // Make sure @ past post context doesn't pass limit
    UTransPosition pos2 = {0, 4, 0, 2};
    expect("{b} a+ > c @@ |; x > y; a > A;",
           "baxx",
           "caxx",
           &pos2);

    // Make sure @ past post context doesn't enter post context
    expect("{b} a+ > c @@ |; x > y; a > A;",
           "baxx",
           "cayy");

    expect("(ab)? c > d;",
           "c abc ababc",
           "d d abd");
    
    // NOTE: The (ab)+ when referenced just yields a single "ab",
    // not the full sequence of them.  This accords with perl behavior.
    expect("(ab)+ {x} > '(' $1 ')';",
           "x abx ababxy",
           "x ab(ab) abab(ab)y");

    expect("b+ > x;",
           "ac abc abbc abbbc",
           "ac axc axc axc");

    expect("[abc]+ > x;",
           "qac abrc abbcs abtbbc",
           "qx xrx xs xtx");

    expect("q{(ab)+} > x;",
           "qa qab qaba qababc qaba",
           "qa qx qxa qxc qxa");

    expect("q(ab)* > x;",
           "qa qab qaba qababc",
           "xa x xa xc");

    // NOTE: The (ab)+ when referenced just yields a single "ab",
    // not the full sequence of them.  This accords with perl behavior.
    expect("q(ab)* > '(' $1 ')';",
           "qa qab qaba qababc",
           "()a (ab) (ab)a (ab)c");

    // 'foo'+ and 'foo'* -- the quantifier should apply to the entire
    // quoted string
    expect("'ab'+ > x;",
           "bb ab ababb",
           "bb x xb");

    // $foo+ and $foo* -- the quantifier should apply to the entire
    // variable reference
    expect("$var = ab; $var+ > x;",
           "bb ab ababb",
           "bb x xb");
}

class TestTrans : public Transliterator {
public:
    TestTrans(const UnicodeString& id) : Transliterator(id, 0) {
    }
    virtual TestTrans* clone(void) const override {
        return new TestTrans(getID());
    }
    virtual void handleTransliterate(Replaceable& /*text*/, UTransPosition& offsets,
        UBool /*isIncremental*/) const override
    {
        offsets.start = offsets.limit;
    }
    virtual UClassID getDynamicClassID() const override;
    static UClassID U_EXPORT2 getStaticClassID();
};
UOBJECT_DEFINE_RTTI_IMPLEMENTATION(TestTrans)

/**
 * Test Source-Target/Variant.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestSTV(void) {
    int32_t ns = Transliterator::countAvailableSources();
    if (ns < 0 || ns > 255) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Bad source count: " + ns);
        return;
    }
    int32_t i, j;
    for (i=0; i<ns; ++i) {
        UnicodeString source;
        Transliterator::getAvailableSource(i, source);
        logln((UnicodeString)"" + i + ": " + source);
        if (source.length() == 0) {
            errln("FAIL: empty source");
            continue;
        }
        int32_t nt = Transliterator::countAvailableTargets(source);
        if (nt < 0 || nt > 255) {
            errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Bad target count: " + nt);
            continue;
        }
        for (int32_t j=0; j<nt; ++j) {
            UnicodeString target;
            Transliterator::getAvailableTarget(j, source, target);
            logln((UnicodeString)" " + j + ": " + target);
            if (target.length() == 0) {
                errln("FAIL: empty target");
                continue;
            }
            int32_t nv = Transliterator::countAvailableVariants(source, target);
            if (nv < 0 || nv > 255) {
                errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Bad variant count: " + nv);
                continue;
            }
            for (int32_t k=0; k<nv; ++k) {
                UnicodeString variant;
                Transliterator::getAvailableVariant(k, source, target, variant);
                if (variant.length() == 0) { 
                    logln((UnicodeString)"  " + k + ": <empty>");
                } else {
                    logln((UnicodeString)"  " + k + ": " + variant);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Test registration
    const char* IDS[] = { "Fieruwer", "Seoridf-Sweorie", "Oewoir-Oweri/Vsie" };
    const char* FULL_IDS[] = { "Any-Fieruwer", "Seoridf-Sweorie", "Oewoir-Oweri/Vsie" };
    const char* SOURCES[] = { NULL, "Seoridf", "Oewoir" };
    for (i=0; i<3; ++i) {
        Transliterator *t = new TestTrans(IDS[i]);
        if (t == 0) {
            errln("FAIL: out of memory");
            return;
        }
        if (t->getID() != IDS[i]) {
            errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: ID mismatch for " + IDS[i]);
            delete t;
            return;
        }
        Transliterator::registerInstance(t);
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        t = Transliterator::createInstance(IDS[i], UTRANS_FORWARD, status);
        if (t == NULL) {
            errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Registration/creation failed for ID " +
                  IDS[i]);
        } else {
            logln((UnicodeString)"Ok: Registration/creation succeeded for ID " +
                  IDS[i]);
            delete t;
        }
        Transliterator::unregister(IDS[i]);
        t = Transliterator::createInstance(IDS[i], UTRANS_FORWARD, status);
        if (t != NULL) {
            errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Unregistration failed for ID " +
                  IDS[i]);
            delete t;
        }
    }

    // Make sure getAvailable API reflects removal
    int32_t n = Transliterator::countAvailableIDs();
    for (i=0; i<n; ++i) {
        UnicodeString id = Transliterator::getAvailableID(i);
        for (j=0; j<3; ++j) {
            if (id.caseCompare(FULL_IDS[j],0)==0) {
                errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: unregister(" + id + ") failed");
            }
        }
    }
    n = Transliterator::countAvailableTargets("Any");
    for (i=0; i<n; ++i) {
        UnicodeString t;
        Transliterator::getAvailableTarget(i, "Any", t);
        if (t.caseCompare(IDS[0],0)==0) {
            errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: unregister(Any-" + t + ") failed");
        }
    }
    n = Transliterator::countAvailableSources();
    for (i=0; i<n; ++i) {
        UnicodeString s;
        Transliterator::getAvailableSource(i, s);
        for (j=0; j<3; ++j) {
            if (SOURCES[j] == NULL) continue;
            if (s.caseCompare(SOURCES[j],0)==0) {
                errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: unregister(" + s + "-*) failed");
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Test inverse of Greek-Latin; Title()
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestCompoundInverse(void) {
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance
        ("Greek-Latin; Title()", UTRANS_REVERSE,parseError, status);
    if (t == 0) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance - %s", u_errorName(status));
        return;
    }
    UnicodeString exp("(Title);Latin-Greek");
    if (t->getID() == exp) {
        logln("Ok: inverse of \"Greek-Latin; Title()\" is \"" +
              t->getID());
    } else {
        errln("FAIL: inverse of \"Greek-Latin; Title()\" is \"" +
              t->getID() + "\", expected \"" + exp + "\"");
    }
    delete t;
}

/**
 * Test NFD chaining with RBT
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestNFDChainRBT() {
    UParseError pe;
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createFromRules(
                               "TEST", "::NFD; aa > Q; a > q;",
                               UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (t == NULL || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: Transliterator::createFromRules failed with %s", u_errorName(ec));
        return;
    }
    expect(*t, "aa", "Q");
    delete t;

    // TEMPORARY TESTS -- BEING DEBUGGED
//=-    UnicodeString s, s2;
//=-    t = Transliterator::createInstance("Latin-Devanagari", UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
//=-    s = CharsToUnicodeString("rmk\\u1E63\\u0113t");
//=-    s2 = CharsToUnicodeString("\\u0930\\u094D\\u092E\\u094D\\u0915\\u094D\\u0937\\u0947\\u0924\\u094D");
//=-    expect(*t, s, s2);
//=-    delete t;
//=-
//=-    t = Transliterator::createInstance("Devanagari-Latin", UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
//=-    expect(*t, s2, s);
//=-    delete t;
//=-
//=-    t = Transliterator::createInstance("Latin-Devanagari;Devanagari-Latin", UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
//=-    s = CharsToUnicodeString("rmk\\u1E63\\u0113t");
//=-    expect(*t, s, s);
//=-    delete t;

//    const char* source[] = {
//        /*
//        "\\u015Br\\u012Bmad",
//        "bhagavadg\\u012Bt\\u0101",
//        "adhy\\u0101ya",
//        "arjuna",
//        "vi\\u1E63\\u0101da",
//        "y\\u014Dga",
//        "dhr\\u0325tar\\u0101\\u1E63\\u1E6Dra",
//        "uv\\u0101cr\\u0325",
//        */
//        "rmk\\u1E63\\u0113t",
//      //"dharmak\\u1E63\\u0113tr\\u0113",
//        /*
//        "kuruk\\u1E63\\u0113tr\\u0113",
//        "samav\\u0113t\\u0101",
//        "yuyutsava-\\u1E25",
//        "m\\u0101mak\\u0101-\\u1E25",
//     // "p\\u0101\\u1E47\\u1E0Dav\\u0101\\u015Bcaiva",
//        "kimakurvata",
//        "san\\u0304java",
//        */
//
//        0
//    };
//    const char* expected[] = {
//        /*
//        "\\u0936\\u094d\\u0930\\u0940\\u092e\\u0926\\u094d",
//        "\\u092d\\u0917\\u0935\\u0926\\u094d\\u0917\\u0940\\u0924\\u093e",
//        "\\u0905\\u0927\\u094d\\u092f\\u093e\\u092f",
//        "\\u0905\\u0930\\u094d\\u091c\\u0941\\u0928",
//        "\\u0935\\u093f\\u0937\\u093e\\u0926",
//        "\\u092f\\u094b\\u0917",
//        "\\u0927\\u0943\\u0924\\u0930\\u093e\\u0937\\u094d\\u091f\\u094d\\u0930",
//        "\\u0909\\u0935\\u093E\\u091A\\u0943",
//        */
//        "\\u0927",
//        //"\\u0927\\u0930\\u094d\\u092e\\u0915\\u094d\\u0937\\u0947\\u0924\\u094d\\u0930\\u0947",
//        /*
//        "\\u0915\\u0941\\u0930\\u0941\\u0915\\u094d\\u0937\\u0947\\u0924\\u094d\\u0930\\u0947",
//        "\\u0938\\u092e\\u0935\\u0947\\u0924\\u093e",
//        "\\u092f\\u0941\\u092f\\u0941\\u0924\\u094d\\u0938\\u0935\\u0903",
//        "\\u092e\\u093e\\u092e\\u0915\\u093e\\u0903",
//    //  "\\u092a\\u093e\\u0923\\u094d\\u0921\\u0935\\u093e\\u0936\\u094d\\u091a\\u0948\\u0935",
//        "\\u0915\\u093f\\u092e\\u0915\\u0941\\u0930\\u094d\\u0935\\u0924",
//        "\\u0938\\u0902\\u091c\\u0935",
//        */
//        0
//    };
//    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
//    UParseError parseError;
//    UnicodeString message;
//    Transliterator* latinToDevToLatin=Transliterator::createInstance("Latin-Devanagari;Devanagari-Latin", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
//    Transliterator* devToLatinToDev=Transliterator::createInstance("Devanagari-Latin;Latin-Devanagari", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
//    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
//        errln("FAIL: construction " +   UnicodeString(" Error: ") + u_errorName(status));
//        errln("PreContext: " + prettify(parseError.preContext) + "PostContext: " + prettify( parseError.postContext) );
//        delete latinToDevToLatin;
//        delete devToLatinToDev;
//        return;
//    }
//    UnicodeString gotResult;
//    for(int i= 0; source[i] != 0; i++){
//        gotResult = source[i];
//        expect(*latinToDevToLatin,CharsToUnicodeString(source[i]),CharsToUnicodeString(source[i]));
//        expect(*devToLatinToDev,CharsToUnicodeString(expected[i]),CharsToUnicodeString(expected[i]));
//    }
//    delete latinToDevToLatin;
//    delete devToLatinToDev;
}

/**
 * Inverse of "Null" should be "Null". (J21)
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestNullInverse() {
    UParseError pe;
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance("Null", UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (t == 0 || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln("FAIL: createInstance");
        return;
    }
    Transliterator *u = t->createInverse(ec);
    if (u == 0 || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln("FAIL: createInverse");
        delete t;
        return;
    }
    if (u->getID() != "Null") {
        errln("FAIL: Inverse of Null should be Null");
    }
    delete t;
    delete u;
}

/**
 * Check ID of inverse of alias. (J22)
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestAliasInverseID() {
    UnicodeString ID("Latin-Hangul", ""); // This should be any alias ID with an inverse
    UParseError pe;
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance(ID, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (t == 0 || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance - %s", u_errorName(ec));
        return;
    }
    Transliterator *u = t->createInverse(ec);
    if (u == 0 || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln("FAIL: createInverse");
        delete t;
        return;
    }
    UnicodeString exp = "Hangul-Latin";
    UnicodeString got = u->getID();
    if (got != exp) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Inverse of " + ID + " is " + got +
              ", expected " + exp);
    }
    delete t;
    delete u;
}

/**
 * Test IDs of inverses of compound transliterators. (J20)
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestCompoundInverseID() {
    UnicodeString ID = "Latin-Jamo;NFC(NFD)";
    UParseError pe;
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance(ID, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (t == 0 || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance - %s", u_errorName(ec));
        return;
    }
    Transliterator *u = t->createInverse(ec);
    if (u == 0 || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln("FAIL: createInverse");
        delete t;
        return;
    }
    UnicodeString exp = "NFD(NFC);Jamo-Latin";
    UnicodeString got = u->getID();
    if (got != exp) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Inverse of " + ID + " is " + got +
              ", expected " + exp);
    }
    delete t;
    delete u;
}

/**
 * Test undefined variable.

 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestUndefinedVariable() {
    UnicodeString rule = "$initial } a <> \\u1161;";
    UParseError pe;
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("<ID>", rule, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    delete t;
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        logln((UnicodeString)"OK: Got exception for " + rule + ", as expected: " +
              u_errorName(ec));
        return;
    }
    errln((UnicodeString)"Fail: bogus rule " + rule + " compiled with error " +
          u_errorName(ec));
}

/**
 * Test empty context.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestEmptyContext() {
    expect(" { a } > b;", "xay a ", "xby b ");
}

/**
* Test compound filter ID syntax
*/
void TransliteratorTest::TestCompoundFilterID(void) {
    static const char* DATA[] = {
        // Col. 1 = ID or rule set (latter must start with #)

        // = columns > 1 are null if expect col. 1 to be illegal =

        // Col. 2 = direction, "F..." or "R..."
        // Col. 3 = source string
        // Col. 4 = exp result

        "[abc]; [abc]", NULL, NULL, NULL, // multiple filters
        "Latin-Greek; [abc];", NULL, NULL, NULL, // misplaced filter
        "[b]; Latin-Greek; Upper; ([xyz])", "F", "abc", "a\\u0392c",
        "[b]; (Lower); Latin-Greek; Upper(); ([\\u0392])", "R", "\\u0391\\u0392\\u0393", "\\u0391b\\u0393",
        "#\n::[b]; ::Latin-Greek; ::Upper; ::([xyz]);", "F", "abc", "a\\u0392c",
        "#\n::[b]; ::(Lower); ::Latin-Greek; ::Upper(); ::([\\u0392]);", "R", "\\u0391\\u0392\\u0393", "\\u0391b\\u0393",
        NULL,
    };

    for (int32_t i=0; DATA[i]; i+=4) {
        UnicodeString id = CharsToUnicodeString(DATA[i]);
        UTransDirection direction = (DATA[i+1] != NULL && DATA[i+1][0] == 'R') ?
            UTRANS_REVERSE : UTRANS_FORWARD;
        UnicodeString source;
        UnicodeString exp;
        if (DATA[i+2] != NULL) {
            source = CharsToUnicodeString(DATA[i+2]);
            exp = CharsToUnicodeString(DATA[i+3]);
        }
        UBool expOk = (DATA[i+1] != NULL);
        LocalPointer<Transliterator> t;
        UParseError pe;
        UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        if (id.charAt(0) == 0x23/*#*/) {
            t.adoptInstead(Transliterator::createFromRules("ID", id, direction, pe, ec));
        } else {
            t.adoptInstead(Transliterator::createInstance(id, direction, pe, ec));
        }
        UBool ok = (t.isValid() && U_SUCCESS(ec));
        UnicodeString transID;
        if (t.isValid()) {
            transID = t->getID();
        }
        else {
            transID = UnicodeString("NULL", "");
        }
        if (ok == expOk) {
            logln((UnicodeString)"Ok: " + id + " => " + transID + ", " +
                  u_errorName(ec));
            if (source.length() != 0) {
                expect(*t, source, exp);
            }
        } else {
            dataerrln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: " + id + " => " + transID + ", " +
                  u_errorName(ec));
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Test new property set syntax
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestPropertySet() {
    expect(UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("a>A; \\p{Lu}>x; \\p{ANY}>y;"), "abcDEF", "Ayyxxx");
    expect("(.+)>'[' $1 ']';", " a stitch \n in time \r saves 9",
           "[ a stitch ]\n[ in time ]\r[ saves 9]");
}

/**
 * Test various failure points of the new 2.0 engine.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestNewEngine() {
    UParseError pe;
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance("Latin-Hiragana", UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (t == 0 || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance Latin-Hiragana - %s", u_errorName(ec));
        return;
    }
    // Katakana should be untouched
    expect(*t, CharsToUnicodeString("a\\u3042\\u30A2"),
           CharsToUnicodeString("\\u3042\\u3042\\u30A2"));

    delete t;

#if 1
    // This test will only work if Transliterator.ROLLBACK is
    // true.  Otherwise, this test will fail, revealing a
    // limitation of global filters in incremental mode.
    Transliterator *a =
        Transliterator::createFromRules("a_to_A", "a > A;", UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    Transliterator *A =
        Transliterator::createFromRules("A_to_b", "A > b;", UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        delete a;
        delete A;
        return;
    }

    Transliterator* array[3];
    array[0] = a;
    array[1] = Transliterator::createInstance("NFD", UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    array[2] = A;
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln("FAIL: createInstance NFD");
        delete a;
        delete A;
        delete array[1];
        return;
    }

    t = new CompoundTransliterator(array, 3, new UnicodeSet("[:Ll:]", ec));
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln("FAIL: UnicodeSet constructor");
        delete a;
        delete A;
        delete array[1];
        delete t;
        return;
    }

    expect(*t, "aAaA", "bAbA");

    assertTrue("countElements", t->countElements() == 3);
    assertEquals("getElement(0)", t->getElement(0, ec).getID(), "a_to_A");
    assertEquals("getElement(1)", t->getElement(1, ec).getID(), "NFD");
    assertEquals("getElement(2)", t->getElement(2, ec).getID(), "A_to_b");
    assertSuccess("getElement", ec);

    delete a;
    delete A;
    delete array[1];
    delete t;
#endif

    expect("$smooth = x; $macron = q; [:^L:] { ([aeiouyAEIOUY] $macron?) } [^aeiouyAEIOUY$smooth$macron] > | $1 $smooth ;",
           "a",
           "ax");

    UnicodeString gr = CharsToUnicodeString(
        "$ddot = \\u0308 ;"
        "$lcgvowel = [\\u03b1\\u03b5\\u03b7\\u03b9\\u03bf\\u03c5\\u03c9] ;"
        "$rough = \\u0314 ;"
        "($lcgvowel+ $ddot?) $rough > h | $1 ;"
        "\\u03b1 <> a ;"
        "$rough <> h ;");

    expect(gr, CharsToUnicodeString("\\u03B1\\u0314"), "ha");
}

/**
 * Test quantified segment behavior.  We want:
 * ([abc])+ > x $1 x; applied to "cba" produces "xax"
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestQuantifiedSegment(void) {
    // The normal case
    expect("([abc]+) > x $1 x;", "cba", "xcbax");

    // The tricky case; the quantifier is around the segment
    expect("([abc])+ > x $1 x;", "cba", "xax");

    // Tricky case in reverse direction
    expect("([abc])+ { q > x $1 x;", "cbaq", "cbaxax");

    // Check post-context segment
    expect("{q} ([a-d])+ > '(' $1 ')';", "ddqcba", "dd(a)cba");

    // Test toRule/toPattern for non-quantified segment.
    // Careful with spacing here.
    UnicodeString r("([a-c]){q} > x $1 x;");
    UParseError pe;
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createFromRules("ID", r, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln("FAIL: createFromRules");
        delete t;
        return;
    }
    UnicodeString rr;
    t->toRules(rr, true);
    if (r != rr) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: \"" + r + "\" x toRules() => \"" + rr + "\"");
    } else {
        logln((UnicodeString)"Ok: \"" + r + "\" x toRules() => \"" + rr + "\"");
    }
    delete t;

    // Test toRule/toPattern for quantified segment.
    // Careful with spacing here.
    r = "([a-c])+{q} > x $1 x;";
    t = Transliterator::createFromRules("ID", r, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln("FAIL: createFromRules");
        delete t;
        return;
    }
    t->toRules(rr, true);
    if (r != rr) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: \"" + r + "\" x toRules() => \"" + rr + "\"");
    } else {
        logln((UnicodeString)"Ok: \"" + r + "\" x toRules() => \"" + rr + "\"");
    }
    delete t;
}

//======================================================================
// Ram's tests
//======================================================================
void TransliteratorTest::TestDevanagariLatinRT(){
    const int MAX_LEN= 52;
    const char* const source[MAX_LEN] = {
        "bh\\u0101rata",
        "kra",
        "k\\u1E63a",
        "khra",
        "gra",
        "\\u1E45ra",
        "cra",
        "chra",
        "j\\u00F1a",
        "jhra",
        "\\u00F1ra",
        "\\u1E6Dya",
        "\\u1E6Dhra",
        "\\u1E0Dya",
      //"r\\u0323ya", // \u095c is not valid in Devanagari
        "\\u1E0Dhya",
        "\\u1E5Bhra",
        "\\u1E47ra",
        "tta",
        "thra",
        "dda",
        "dhra",
        "nna",
        "pra",
        "phra",
        "bra",
        "bhra",
        "mra",
        "\\u1E49ra",
      //"l\\u0331ra",
        "yra",
        "\\u1E8Fra",
      //"l-",
        "vra",
        "\\u015Bra",
        "\\u1E63ra",
        "sra",
        "hma",
        "\\u1E6D\\u1E6Da",
        "\\u1E6D\\u1E6Dha",
        "\\u1E6Dh\\u1E6Dha",
        "\\u1E0D\\u1E0Da",
        "\\u1E0D\\u1E0Dha",
        "\\u1E6Dya",
        "\\u1E6Dhya",
        "\\u1E0Dya",
        "\\u1E0Dhya",
        // Not roundtrippable -- 
        // \\u0939\\u094d\\u094d\\u092E  - hma
        // \\u0939\\u094d\\u092E         - hma
        // CharsToUnicodeString("hma"),
        "hya",
        "\\u015Br\\u0325",
        "\\u015Bca",
        "\\u0115",
        "san\\u0304j\\u012Bb s\\u0113nagupta",
        "\\u0101nand vaddir\\u0101ju",    
        "\\u0101",
        "a"
    };
    const char* const expected[MAX_LEN] = {
        "\\u092D\\u093E\\u0930\\u0924",   /* bha\\u0304rata */
        "\\u0915\\u094D\\u0930",          /* kra         */
        "\\u0915\\u094D\\u0937",          /* ks\\u0323a  */
        "\\u0916\\u094D\\u0930",          /* khra        */
        "\\u0917\\u094D\\u0930",          /* gra         */
        "\\u0919\\u094D\\u0930",          /* n\\u0307ra  */
        "\\u091A\\u094D\\u0930",          /* cra         */
        "\\u091B\\u094D\\u0930",          /* chra        */
        "\\u091C\\u094D\\u091E",          /* jn\\u0303a  */
        "\\u091D\\u094D\\u0930",          /* jhra        */
        "\\u091E\\u094D\\u0930",          /* n\\u0303ra  */
        "\\u091F\\u094D\\u092F",          /* t\\u0323ya  */
        "\\u0920\\u094D\\u0930",          /* t\\u0323hra */
        "\\u0921\\u094D\\u092F",          /* d\\u0323ya  */
      //"\\u095C\\u094D\\u092F",        /* r\\u0323ya  */ // \u095c is not valid in Devanagari
        "\\u0922\\u094D\\u092F",          /* d\\u0323hya */
        "\\u0922\\u093C\\u094D\\u0930",   /* r\\u0323hra */
        "\\u0923\\u094D\\u0930",          /* n\\u0323ra  */
        "\\u0924\\u094D\\u0924",          /* tta         */
        "\\u0925\\u094D\\u0930",          /* thra        */
        "\\u0926\\u094D\\u0926",          /* dda         */
        "\\u0927\\u094D\\u0930",          /* dhra        */
        "\\u0928\\u094D\\u0928",          /* nna         */
        "\\u092A\\u094D\\u0930",          /* pra         */
        "\\u092B\\u094D\\u0930",          /* phra        */
        "\\u092C\\u094D\\u0930",          /* bra         */
        "\\u092D\\u094D\\u0930",          /* bhra        */
        "\\u092E\\u094D\\u0930",          /* mra         */
        "\\u0929\\u094D\\u0930",          /* n\\u0331ra  */
      //"\\u0934\\u094D\\u0930",        /* l\\u0331ra  */
        "\\u092F\\u094D\\u0930",          /* yra         */
        "\\u092F\\u093C\\u094D\\u0930",   /* y\\u0307ra  */
      //"l-",
        "\\u0935\\u094D\\u0930",          /* vra         */
        "\\u0936\\u094D\\u0930",          /* s\\u0301ra  */
        "\\u0937\\u094D\\u0930",          /* s\\u0323ra  */
        "\\u0938\\u094D\\u0930",          /* sra         */
        "\\u0939\\u094d\\u092E",          /* hma         */
        "\\u091F\\u094D\\u091F",          /* t\\u0323t\\u0323a  */
        "\\u091F\\u094D\\u0920",          /* t\\u0323t\\u0323ha */
        "\\u0920\\u094D\\u0920",          /* t\\u0323ht\\u0323ha*/
        "\\u0921\\u094D\\u0921",          /* d\\u0323d\\u0323a  */
        "\\u0921\\u094D\\u0922",          /* d\\u0323d\\u0323ha */
        "\\u091F\\u094D\\u092F",          /* t\\u0323ya  */
        "\\u0920\\u094D\\u092F",          /* t\\u0323hya */
        "\\u0921\\u094D\\u092F",          /* d\\u0323ya  */
        "\\u0922\\u094D\\u092F",          /* d\\u0323hya */
     // "hma",                         /* hma         */
        "\\u0939\\u094D\\u092F",          /* hya         */
        "\\u0936\\u0943",                 /* s\\u0301r\\u0325a  */
        "\\u0936\\u094D\\u091A",          /* s\\u0301ca  */
        "\\u090d",                        /* e\\u0306    */
        "\\u0938\\u0902\\u091C\\u0940\\u092C\\u094D \\u0938\\u0947\\u0928\\u0917\\u0941\\u092A\\u094D\\u0924",
        "\\u0906\\u0928\\u0902\\u0926\\u094D \\u0935\\u0926\\u094D\\u0926\\u093F\\u0930\\u093E\\u091C\\u0941",    
        "\\u0906",
        "\\u0905",
    };
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError parseError;
    UnicodeString message;
    Transliterator* latinToDev=Transliterator::createInstance("Latin-Devanagari", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator* devToLatin=Transliterator::createInstance("Devanagari-Latin", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        dataerrln("FAIL: construction " +   UnicodeString(" Error: ") + u_errorName(status));
        dataerrln("PreContext: " + prettify(parseError.preContext) + " PostContext: " + prettify( parseError.postContext) );
        return;
    }
    UnicodeString gotResult;
    for(int i= 0; i<MAX_LEN; i++){
        gotResult = source[i];
        expect(*latinToDev,CharsToUnicodeString(source[i]),CharsToUnicodeString(expected[i]));
        expect(*devToLatin,CharsToUnicodeString(expected[i]),CharsToUnicodeString(source[i]));
    }
    delete latinToDev;
    delete devToLatin;
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestTeluguLatinRT(){
    const int MAX_LEN=10;
    const char* const source[MAX_LEN] = {   
        "raghur\\u0101m vi\\u015Bvan\\u0101dha",                         /* Raghuram Viswanadha    */
        "\\u0101nand vaddir\\u0101ju",                                   /* Anand Vaddiraju        */
        "r\\u0101j\\u012Bv ka\\u015Barab\\u0101da",                      /* Rajeev Kasarabada      */
        "san\\u0304j\\u012Bv ka\\u015Barab\\u0101da",                    /* sanjeev kasarabada     */
        "san\\u0304j\\u012Bb sen'gupta",                                 /* sanjib sengupata       */
        "amar\\u0113ndra hanum\\u0101nula",                              /* Amarendra hanumanula   */
        "ravi kum\\u0101r vi\\u015Bvan\\u0101dha",                       /* Ravi Kumar Viswanadha  */
        "\\u0101ditya kandr\\u0113gula",                                 /* Aditya Kandregula      */
        "\\u015Br\\u012Bdhar ka\\u1E47\\u1E6Dama\\u015Be\\u1E6D\\u1E6Di",/* Shridhar Kantamsetty   */
        "m\\u0101dhav de\\u015Be\\u1E6D\\u1E6Di"                         /* Madhav Desetty         */
    };

    const char* const expected[MAX_LEN] = {
        "\\u0c30\\u0c18\\u0c41\\u0c30\\u0c3e\\u0c2e\\u0c4d \\u0c35\\u0c3f\\u0c36\\u0c4d\\u0c35\\u0c28\\u0c3e\\u0c27",     
        "\\u0c06\\u0c28\\u0c02\\u0c26\\u0c4d \\u0C35\\u0C26\\u0C4D\\u0C26\\u0C3F\\u0C30\\u0C3E\\u0C1C\\u0C41",     
        "\\u0c30\\u0c3e\\u0c1c\\u0c40\\u0c35\\u0c4d \\u0c15\\u0c36\\u0c30\\u0c2c\\u0c3e\\u0c26",
        "\\u0c38\\u0c02\\u0c1c\\u0c40\\u0c35\\u0c4d \\u0c15\\u0c36\\u0c30\\u0c2c\\u0c3e\\u0c26",
        "\\u0c38\\u0c02\\u0c1c\\u0c40\\u0c2c\\u0c4d \\u0c38\\u0c46\\u0c28\\u0c4d\\u0c17\\u0c41\\u0c2a\\u0c4d\\u0c24",
        "\\u0c05\\u0c2e\\u0c30\\u0c47\\u0c02\\u0c26\\u0c4d\\u0c30 \\u0c39\\u0c28\\u0c41\\u0c2e\\u0c3e\\u0c28\\u0c41\\u0c32",
        "\\u0c30\\u0c35\\u0c3f \\u0c15\\u0c41\\u0c2e\\u0c3e\\u0c30\\u0c4d \\u0c35\\u0c3f\\u0c36\\u0c4d\\u0c35\\u0c28\\u0c3e\\u0c27",
        "\\u0c06\\u0c26\\u0c3f\\u0c24\\u0c4d\\u0c2f \\u0C15\\u0C02\\u0C26\\u0C4D\\u0C30\\u0C47\\u0C17\\u0C41\\u0c32",
        "\\u0c36\\u0c4d\\u0c30\\u0c40\\u0C27\\u0C30\\u0C4D \\u0c15\\u0c02\\u0c1f\\u0c2e\\u0c36\\u0c46\\u0c1f\\u0c4d\\u0c1f\\u0c3f",
        "\\u0c2e\\u0c3e\\u0c27\\u0c35\\u0c4d \\u0c26\\u0c46\\u0c36\\u0c46\\u0c1f\\u0c4d\\u0c1f\\u0c3f",
    };

    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError parseError;
    UnicodeString message;
    Transliterator* latinToDev=Transliterator::createInstance("Latin-Telugu", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator* devToLatin=Transliterator::createInstance("Telugu-Latin", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        dataerrln("FAIL: construction " +   UnicodeString(" Error: ") + u_errorName(status));
        dataerrln("PreContext: " + prettify(parseError.preContext) + " PostContext: " + prettify( parseError.postContext) );
        return;
    }
    UnicodeString gotResult;
    for(int i= 0; i<MAX_LEN; i++){
        gotResult = source[i];
        expect(*latinToDev,CharsToUnicodeString(source[i]),CharsToUnicodeString(expected[i]));
        expect(*devToLatin,CharsToUnicodeString(expected[i]),CharsToUnicodeString(source[i]));
    }
    delete latinToDev;
    delete devToLatin;
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestSanskritLatinRT(){
    const int MAX_LEN =16;
    const char* const source[MAX_LEN] = {
        "rmk\\u1E63\\u0113t",
        "\\u015Br\\u012Bmad",
        "bhagavadg\\u012Bt\\u0101",
        "adhy\\u0101ya",
        "arjuna",
        "vi\\u1E63\\u0101da",
        "y\\u014Dga",
        "dhr\\u0325tar\\u0101\\u1E63\\u1E6Dra",
        "uv\\u0101cr\\u0325",
        "dharmak\\u1E63\\u0113tr\\u0113",
        "kuruk\\u1E63\\u0113tr\\u0113",
        "samav\\u0113t\\u0101",
        "yuyutsava\\u1E25",
        "m\\u0101mak\\u0101\\u1E25",
    // "p\\u0101\\u1E47\\u1E0Dav\\u0101\\u015Bcaiva",
        "kimakurvata",
        "san\\u0304java",
    };
    const char* const expected[MAX_LEN] = {
        "\\u0930\\u094D\\u092E\\u094D\\u0915\\u094D\\u0937\\u0947\\u0924\\u094D",
        "\\u0936\\u094d\\u0930\\u0940\\u092e\\u0926\\u094d",
        "\\u092d\\u0917\\u0935\\u0926\\u094d\\u0917\\u0940\\u0924\\u093e",
        "\\u0905\\u0927\\u094d\\u092f\\u093e\\u092f",
        "\\u0905\\u0930\\u094d\\u091c\\u0941\\u0928",
        "\\u0935\\u093f\\u0937\\u093e\\u0926",
        "\\u092f\\u094b\\u0917",
        "\\u0927\\u0943\\u0924\\u0930\\u093e\\u0937\\u094d\\u091f\\u094d\\u0930",
        "\\u0909\\u0935\\u093E\\u091A\\u0943",
        "\\u0927\\u0930\\u094d\\u092e\\u0915\\u094d\\u0937\\u0947\\u0924\\u094d\\u0930\\u0947",
        "\\u0915\\u0941\\u0930\\u0941\\u0915\\u094d\\u0937\\u0947\\u0924\\u094d\\u0930\\u0947",
        "\\u0938\\u092e\\u0935\\u0947\\u0924\\u093e",
        "\\u092f\\u0941\\u092f\\u0941\\u0924\\u094d\\u0938\\u0935\\u0903",
        "\\u092e\\u093e\\u092e\\u0915\\u093e\\u0903",
    //"\\u092a\\u093e\\u0923\\u094d\\u0921\\u0935\\u093e\\u0936\\u094d\\u091a\\u0948\\u0935",
        "\\u0915\\u093f\\u092e\\u0915\\u0941\\u0930\\u094d\\u0935\\u0924",
        "\\u0938\\u0902\\u091c\\u0935",
    };
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError parseError;
    UnicodeString message;
    Transliterator* latinToDev=Transliterator::createInstance("Latin-Devanagari", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator* devToLatin=Transliterator::createInstance("Devanagari-Latin", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        dataerrln("FAIL: construction " +   UnicodeString(" Error: ") + u_errorName(status));
        dataerrln("PreContext: " + prettify(parseError.preContext) + " PostContext: " + prettify( parseError.postContext) );
        return;
    }
    UnicodeString gotResult;
    for(int i= 0; i<MAX_LEN; i++){
        gotResult = source[i];
        expect(*latinToDev,CharsToUnicodeString(source[i]),CharsToUnicodeString(expected[i]));
        expect(*devToLatin,CharsToUnicodeString(expected[i]),CharsToUnicodeString(source[i]));
    }
    delete latinToDev;
    delete devToLatin;
}


void TransliteratorTest::TestCompoundLatinRT(){
    const char* const source[] = {
        "rmk\\u1E63\\u0113t",
        "\\u015Br\\u012Bmad",
        "bhagavadg\\u012Bt\\u0101",
        "adhy\\u0101ya",
        "arjuna",
        "vi\\u1E63\\u0101da",
        "y\\u014Dga",
        "dhr\\u0325tar\\u0101\\u1E63\\u1E6Dra",
        "uv\\u0101cr\\u0325",
        "dharmak\\u1E63\\u0113tr\\u0113",
        "kuruk\\u1E63\\u0113tr\\u0113",
        "samav\\u0113t\\u0101",
        "yuyutsava\\u1E25",
        "m\\u0101mak\\u0101\\u1E25",
     // "p\\u0101\\u1E47\\u1E0Dav\\u0101\\u015Bcaiva",
        "kimakurvata",
        "san\\u0304java"
    };
    const int MAX_LEN = UPRV_LENGTHOF(source);
    const char* const expected[MAX_LEN] = {
        "\\u0930\\u094D\\u092E\\u094D\\u0915\\u094D\\u0937\\u0947\\u0924\\u094D",
        "\\u0936\\u094d\\u0930\\u0940\\u092e\\u0926\\u094d",
        "\\u092d\\u0917\\u0935\\u0926\\u094d\\u0917\\u0940\\u0924\\u093e",
        "\\u0905\\u0927\\u094d\\u092f\\u093e\\u092f",
        "\\u0905\\u0930\\u094d\\u091c\\u0941\\u0928",
        "\\u0935\\u093f\\u0937\\u093e\\u0926",
        "\\u092f\\u094b\\u0917",
        "\\u0927\\u0943\\u0924\\u0930\\u093e\\u0937\\u094d\\u091f\\u094d\\u0930",
        "\\u0909\\u0935\\u093E\\u091A\\u0943",
        "\\u0927\\u0930\\u094d\\u092e\\u0915\\u094d\\u0937\\u0947\\u0924\\u094d\\u0930\\u0947",
        "\\u0915\\u0941\\u0930\\u0941\\u0915\\u094d\\u0937\\u0947\\u0924\\u094d\\u0930\\u0947",
        "\\u0938\\u092e\\u0935\\u0947\\u0924\\u093e",
        "\\u092f\\u0941\\u092f\\u0941\\u0924\\u094d\\u0938\\u0935\\u0903",
        "\\u092e\\u093e\\u092e\\u0915\\u093e\\u0903",
    //  "\\u092a\\u093e\\u0923\\u094d\\u0921\\u0935\\u093e\\u0936\\u094d\\u091a\\u0948\\u0935",
        "\\u0915\\u093f\\u092e\\u0915\\u0941\\u0930\\u094d\\u0935\\u0924",
        "\\u0938\\u0902\\u091c\\u0935"
    };
    if(MAX_LEN != UPRV_LENGTHOF(expected)) {
        errln("error in TestCompoundLatinRT: source[] and expected[] have different lengths!");
        return;
    }

    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError parseError;
    UnicodeString message;
    Transliterator* devToLatinToDev  =Transliterator::createInstance("Devanagari-Latin;Latin-Devanagari", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator* latinToDevToLatin=Transliterator::createInstance("Latin-Devanagari;Devanagari-Latin", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator* devToTelToDev    =Transliterator::createInstance("Devanagari-Telugu;Telugu-Devanagari", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator* latinToTelToLatin=Transliterator::createInstance("Latin-Telugu;Telugu-Latin", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);

    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        dataerrln("FAIL: construction " +   UnicodeString(" Error: ") + u_errorName(status));
        dataerrln("PreContext: " + prettify(parseError.preContext) + " PostContext: " + prettify( parseError.postContext) );
        return;
    }
    UnicodeString gotResult;
    for(int i= 0; i<MAX_LEN; i++){
        gotResult = source[i];
        expect(*devToLatinToDev,CharsToUnicodeString(expected[i]),CharsToUnicodeString(expected[i]));
        expect(*latinToDevToLatin,CharsToUnicodeString(source[i]),CharsToUnicodeString(source[i]));
        expect(*latinToTelToLatin,CharsToUnicodeString(source[i]),CharsToUnicodeString(source[i]));

    }
    delete(latinToDevToLatin);
    delete(devToLatinToDev);  
    delete(devToTelToDev);    
    delete(latinToTelToLatin);
}

/**
 * Test Gurmukhi-Devanagari Tippi and Bindi
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestGurmukhiDevanagari(){
    // the rule says:
    // (\u0902) (when preceded by vowel)      --->  (\u0A02)
    // (\u0902) (when preceded by consonant)  --->  (\u0A70)
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UnicodeSet vowel(UnicodeString("[\\u0905-\\u090A \\u090F\\u0910\\u0913\\u0914 \\u093e-\\u0942\\u0947\\u0948\\u094B\\u094C\\u094D]", -1, US_INV).unescape(), status);
    UnicodeSet non_vowel(UnicodeString("[\\u0915-\\u0928\\u092A-\\u0930]", -1, US_INV).unescape(), status);
    UParseError parseError;

    UnicodeSetIterator vIter(vowel);
    UnicodeSetIterator nvIter(non_vowel);
    Transliterator* trans = Transliterator::createInstance("Devanagari-Gurmukhi",UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)) {
      dataerrln("Error creating transliterator %s", u_errorName(status));
      delete trans;
      return;
    }
    UnicodeString src (" \\u0902", -1, US_INV);
    UnicodeString expected(" \\u0A02", -1, US_INV);
    src = src.unescape();
    expected= expected.unescape();

    while(vIter.next()){
        src.setCharAt(0,(UChar) vIter.getCodepoint());
        expected.setCharAt(0,(UChar) (vIter.getCodepoint()+0x0100));
        expect(*trans,src,expected);
    }
    
    expected.setCharAt(1,0x0A70);
    while(nvIter.next()){
        //src.setCharAt(0,(char) nvIter.codepoint);
        src.setCharAt(0,(UChar)nvIter.getCodepoint());
        expected.setCharAt(0,(UChar) (nvIter.getCodepoint()+0x0100));
        expect(*trans,src,expected);
    }
    delete trans;
}
/**
 * Test instantiation from a locale.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestLocaleInstantiation(void) {
    UParseError pe;
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance("ru_RU-Latin", UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance(ru_RU-Latin) - %s", u_errorName(ec));
        delete t;
        return;
    }
    expect(*t, CharsToUnicodeString("\\u0430"), "a");
    delete t;
    
    t = Transliterator::createInstance("en-el", UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln("FAIL: createInstance(en-el)");
        delete t;
        return;
    }
    expect(*t, "a", CharsToUnicodeString("\\u03B1"));
    delete t;
}
        
/**
 * Test title case handling of accent (should ignore accents)
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestTitleAccents(void) {
    UParseError pe;
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance("Title", UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln("FAIL: createInstance(Title)");
        delete t;
        return;
    }
    expect(*t, CharsToUnicodeString("a\\u0300b can't abe"), CharsToUnicodeString("A\\u0300b Can't Abe"));
    delete t;
}

/**
 * Basic test of a locale resource based rule.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestLocaleResource() {
    const char* DATA[] = {
        // id                    from               to
        //"Latin-Greek/UNGEGN",    "b",               "\\u03bc\\u03c0",
        "Latin-el",              "b",               "\\u03bc\\u03c0",
        "Latin-Greek",           "b",               "\\u03B2",
        "Greek-Latin/UNGEGN",    "\\u03B2",         "v",
        "el-Latin",              "\\u03B2",         "v",
        "Greek-Latin",           "\\u03B2",         "b",
    };
    const int32_t DATA_length = UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA);
    for (int32_t i=0; i<DATA_length; i+=3) {
        UParseError pe;
        UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance(DATA[i], UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
        if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
            dataerrln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: createInstance(" + DATA[i] + ") - " + u_errorName(ec));
            delete t;
            continue;
        }
        expect(*t, CharsToUnicodeString(DATA[i+1]),
               CharsToUnicodeString(DATA[i+2]));
        delete t;
    }
}

/**
 * Make sure parse errors reference the right line.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestParseError() {
    static const char* rule =
        "a > b;\n"
        "# more stuff\n"
        "d << b;";
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError pe;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("ID", rule, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    delete t;
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        UnicodeString err(pe.preContext);
        err.append((UChar)124/*|*/).append(pe.postContext);
        if (err.indexOf("d << b") >= 0) {
            logln("Ok: " + err);
        } else {
            errln("FAIL: " + err);
        }
    }
    else {
        errln("FAIL: no syntax error");
    }
    static const char* maskingRule =
        "a>x;\n"
        "# more stuff\n"
        "ab>y;";
    ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    delete Transliterator::createFromRules("ID", maskingRule, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (ec != U_RULE_MASK_ERROR) {
        errln("FAIL: returned %s instead of U_RULE_MASK_ERROR", u_errorName(ec));
    }
    else if (UnicodeString("a > x;") != UnicodeString(pe.preContext)) {
        errln("FAIL: did not get expected precontext");
    }
    else if (UnicodeString("ab > y;") != UnicodeString(pe.postContext)) {
        errln("FAIL: did not get expected postcontext");
    }
}

/**
 * Make sure sets on output are disallowed.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestOutputSet() {
    UnicodeString rule = "$set = [a-cm-n]; b > $set;";
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError pe;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("ID", rule, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    delete t;
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        UnicodeString err(pe.preContext);
        err.append((UChar)124/*|*/).append(pe.postContext);
        logln("Ok: " + err);
        return;
    }
    errln("FAIL: No syntax error");
}        

/**
 * Test the use variable range pragma, making sure that use of
 * variable range characters is detected and flagged as an error.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestVariableRange() {
    UnicodeString rule = "use variable range 0x70 0x72; a > A; b > B; q > Q;";
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError pe;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("ID", rule, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    delete t;
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        UnicodeString err(pe.preContext);
        err.append((UChar)124/*|*/).append(pe.postContext);
        logln("Ok: " + err);
        return;
    }
    errln("FAIL: No syntax error");
}

/**
 * Test invalid post context error handling
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestInvalidPostContext() {
    UnicodeString rule = "a}b{c>d;";
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError pe;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("ID", rule, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    delete t;
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        UnicodeString err(pe.preContext);
        err.append((UChar)124/*|*/).append(pe.postContext);
        if (err.indexOf("a}b{c") >= 0) {
            logln("Ok: " + err);
        } else {
            errln("FAIL: " + err);
        }
        return;
    }
    errln("FAIL: No syntax error");
}

/**
 * Test ID form variants
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestIDForms() {
    const char* DATA[] = {
        "NFC", NULL, "NFD",
        "nfd", NULL, "NFC", // make sure case is ignored
        "Any-NFKD", NULL, "Any-NFKC",
        "Null", NULL, "Null",
        "-nfkc", "nfkc", "NFKD",
        "-nfkc/", "nfkc", "NFKD",
        "Latin-Greek/UNGEGN", NULL, "Greek-Latin/UNGEGN",
        "Greek/UNGEGN-Latin", "Greek-Latin/UNGEGN", "Latin-Greek/UNGEGN",
        "Bengali-Devanagari/", "Bengali-Devanagari", "Devanagari-Bengali",
        "Source-", NULL, NULL,
        "Source/Variant-", NULL, NULL,
        "Source-/Variant", NULL, NULL,
        "/Variant", NULL, NULL,
        "/Variant-", NULL, NULL,
        "-/Variant", NULL, NULL,
        "-/", NULL, NULL,
        "-", NULL, NULL,
        "/", NULL, NULL,
    };
    const int32_t DATA_length = UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA);
    
    for (int32_t i=0; i<DATA_length; i+=3) {
        const char* ID = DATA[i];
        const char* expID = DATA[i+1];
        const char* expInvID = DATA[i+2];
        UBool expValid = (expInvID != NULL);
        if (expID == NULL) {
            expID = ID;
        }
        UParseError pe;
        UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        Transliterator *t =
            Transliterator::createInstance(ID, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
        if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
            if (!expValid) {
                logln((UnicodeString)"Ok: getInstance(" + ID +") => " + u_errorName(ec));
            } else {
                dataerrln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Couldn't create " + ID + " - " + u_errorName(ec));
            }
            delete t;
            continue;
        }
        Transliterator *u = t->createInverse(ec);
        if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
            errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Couldn't create inverse of " + ID);
            delete t;
            delete u;
            continue;
        }
        if (t->getID() == expID &&
            u->getID() == expInvID) {
            logln((UnicodeString)"Ok: " + ID + ".getInverse() => " + expInvID);
        } else {
            errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: getInstance(" + ID + ") => " +
                  t->getID() + " x getInverse() => " + u->getID() +
                  ", expected " + expInvID);
        }
        delete t;
        delete u;
    }
}

static const UChar SPACE[]   = {32,0};
static const UChar NEWLINE[] = {10,0};
static const UChar RETURN[]  = {13,0};
static const UChar EMPTY[]   = {0};

void TransliteratorTest::checkRules(const UnicodeString& label, Transliterator& t2,
                                    const UnicodeString& testRulesForward) {
    UnicodeString rules2; t2.toRules(rules2, true);
    //rules2 = TestUtility.replaceAll(rules2, new UnicodeSet("[' '\n\r]"), "");
    rules2.findAndReplace(SPACE, EMPTY);
    rules2.findAndReplace(NEWLINE, EMPTY);
    rules2.findAndReplace(RETURN, EMPTY);

    UnicodeString testRules(testRulesForward); testRules.findAndReplace(SPACE, EMPTY);
    
    if (rules2 != testRules) {
        errln(label);
        logln((UnicodeString)"GENERATED RULES: " + rules2);
        logln((UnicodeString)"SHOULD BE:       " + testRulesForward);
    }
}

/**
 * Mark's toRules test.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestToRulesMark() {
    const char* testRules = 
        "::[[:Latin:][:Mark:]];"
        "::NFKD (NFC);"
        "::Lower (Lower);"
        "a <> \\u03B1;" // alpha
        "::NFKC (NFD);"
        "::Upper (Lower);"
        "::Lower ();"
        "::([[:Greek:][:Mark:]]);"
        ;
    const char* testRulesForward = 
        "::[[:Latin:][:Mark:]];"
        "::NFKD(NFC);"
        "::Lower(Lower);"
        "a > \\u03B1;"
        "::NFKC(NFD);"
        "::Upper (Lower);"
        "::Lower ();"
        ;
    const char* testRulesBackward = 
        "::[[:Greek:][:Mark:]];"
        "::Lower (Upper);"
        "::NFD(NFKC);"
        "\\u03B1 > a;"
        "::Lower(Lower);"
        "::NFC(NFKD);"
        ;
    UnicodeString source = CharsToUnicodeString("\\u00E1"); // a-acute
    UnicodeString target = CharsToUnicodeString("\\u03AC"); // alpha-acute
    
    UParseError pe;
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    LocalPointer<Transliterator> t2(
            Transliterator::createFromRules("source-target", UnicodeString(testRules, -1, US_INV), UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec));
    LocalPointer<Transliterator> t3(
            Transliterator::createFromRules("target-source", UnicodeString(testRules, -1, US_INV), UTRANS_REVERSE, pe, ec));

    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        dataerrln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: createFromRules => " + u_errorName(ec));
        return;
    }
    
    expect(*t2, source, target);
    expect(*t3, target, source);
    
    checkRules("Failed toRules FORWARD", *t2, UnicodeString(testRulesForward, -1, US_INV));
    checkRules("Failed toRules BACKWARD", *t3, UnicodeString(testRulesBackward, -1, US_INV));
}

/**
 * Test Escape and Unescape transliterators.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestEscape() {
    UParseError pe;
    UErrorCode ec;
    Transliterator *t;

    ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    t = Transliterator::createInstance("Hex-Any", UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: createInstance");
    } else {
        expect(*t,
               UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("\\x{40}\\U00000031&#x32;&#81;"),
               "@12Q");
    }
    delete t;

    ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    t = Transliterator::createInstance("Any-Hex/C", UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: createInstance");
    } else {
        expect(*t,
               CharsToUnicodeString("A\\U0010BEEF\\uFEED"),
               UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("\\u0041\\U0010BEEF\\uFEED"));
    }
    delete t;

    ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    t = Transliterator::createInstance("Any-Hex/Java", UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: createInstance");
    } else {
        expect(*t,
               CharsToUnicodeString("A\\U0010BEEF\\uFEED"),
               UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("\\u0041\\uDBEF\\uDEEF\\uFEED"));
    }
    delete t;

    ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    t = Transliterator::createInstance("Any-Hex/Perl", UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: createInstance");
    } else {
        expect(*t,
               CharsToUnicodeString("A\\U0010BEEF\\uFEED"),
               UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("\\x{41}\\x{10BEEF}\\x{FEED}"));
    }
    delete t;
}


void TransliteratorTest::TestAnchorMasking(){
    UnicodeString rule ("^a > Q; a > q;");
    UErrorCode status= U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError parseError;

    Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createFromRules("ID", rule, UTRANS_FORWARD,parseError,status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        errln(UnicodeString("FAIL: ") + "ID" +
              ".createFromRules() => bad rules" +
              /*", parse error " + parseError.code +*/
              ", line " + parseError.line +
              ", offset " + parseError.offset +
              ", context " + prettify(parseError.preContext, true) +
              ", rules: " + prettify(rule, true));
    }
    delete t;
}

/**
 * Make sure display names of variants look reasonable.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestDisplayName() {
#if UCONFIG_NO_FORMATTING
    logln("Skipping, UCONFIG_NO_FORMATTING is set\n");
    return;
#else
    static const char* DATA[] = {
        // ID, forward name, reverse name
        // Update the text as necessary -- the important thing is
        // not the text itself, but how various cases are handled.
        
        // Basic test
        "Any-Hex", "Any to Hex Escape", "Hex Escape to Any",
        
        // Variants
        "Any-Hex/Perl", "Any to Hex Escape/Perl", "Hex Escape to Any/Perl",
        
        // Target-only IDs
        "NFC", "Any to NFC", "Any to NFD",
    };

    int32_t DATA_length = UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA);
    
    Locale US("en", "US");
    
    for (int32_t i=0; i<DATA_length; i+=3) {
        UnicodeString name;
        Transliterator::getDisplayName(DATA[i], US, name);
        if (name != DATA[i+1]) {
            dataerrln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: " + DATA[i] + ".getDisplayName() => " +
                  name + ", expected " + DATA[i+1]);
        } else {
            logln((UnicodeString)"Ok: " + DATA[i] + ".getDisplayName() => " + name);
        }
        UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        UParseError pe;
        Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance(DATA[i], UTRANS_REVERSE, pe, ec);
        if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
            delete t;
            dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance failed - %s", u_errorName(ec));
            continue;
        }
        name = Transliterator::getDisplayName(t->getID(), US, name);
        if (name != DATA[i+2]) {
            dataerrln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: " + t->getID() + ".getDisplayName() => " +
                  name + ", expected " + DATA[i+2]);
        } else {
            logln((UnicodeString)"Ok: " + t->getID() + ".getDisplayName() => " + name);
        }
        delete t;
    }
#endif
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestSpecialCases(void) {
    const UnicodeString registerRules[] = {
        "Any-Dev1", "x > X; y > Y;",
        "Any-Dev2", "XY > Z",
        "Greek-Latin/FAKE", 
            CharsToUnicodeString
            ("[^[:L:][:M:]] { \\u03bc\\u03c0 > b ; \\u03bc\\u03c0 } [^[:L:][:M:]] > b ; [^[:L:][:M:]] { [\\u039c\\u03bc][\\u03a0\\u03c0] > B ; [\\u039c\\u03bc][\\u03a0\\u03c0] } [^[:L:][:M:]] > B ;"),
        "" // END MARKER
    };

    const UnicodeString testCases[] = {
        // NORMALIZATION
        // should add more test cases
        "NFD" , CharsToUnicodeString("a\\u0300 \\u00E0 \\u1100\\u1161 \\uFF76\\uFF9E\\u03D3"), "",
        "NFC" , CharsToUnicodeString("a\\u0300 \\u00E0 \\u1100\\u1161 \\uFF76\\uFF9E\\u03D3"), "",
        "NFKD", CharsToUnicodeString("a\\u0300 \\u00E0 \\u1100\\u1161 \\uFF76\\uFF9E\\u03D3"), "",
        "NFKC", CharsToUnicodeString("a\\u0300 \\u00E0 \\u1100\\u1161 \\uFF76\\uFF9E\\u03D3"), "",

        // mp -> b BUG
        "Greek-Latin/UNGEGN", CharsToUnicodeString("(\\u03BC\\u03C0)"), "(b)",
        "Greek-Latin/FAKE", CharsToUnicodeString("(\\u03BC\\u03C0)"), "(b)",
    
        // check for devanagari bug
        "nfd;Dev1;Dev2;nfc", "xy", "Z",

        // ff, i, dotless-i, I, dotted-I, LJLjlj deseret deeDEE
        "Title", CharsToUnicodeString("ab'cD ffi\\u0131I\\u0130 \\u01C7\\u01C8\\u01C9 ") + DESERET_dee + DESERET_DEE, 
                 CharsToUnicodeString("Ab'cd Ffi\\u0131ii\\u0307 \\u01C8\\u01C9\\u01C9 ") + DESERET_DEE + DESERET_dee, 
                 
        //TODO: enable this test once Titlecase works right
        /*
        "Title", CharsToUnicodeString("\\uFB00i\\u0131I\\u0130 \\u01C7\\u01C8\\u01C9 ") + DESERET_dee + DESERET_DEE, 
                 CharsToUnicodeString("Ffi\\u0131ii \\u01C8\\u01C9\\u01C9 ") + DESERET_DEE + DESERET_dee, 
                 */
        "Upper", CharsToUnicodeString("ab'cD \\uFB00i\\u0131I\\u0130 \\u01C7\\u01C8\\u01C9 ") + DESERET_dee + DESERET_DEE, 
                 CharsToUnicodeString("AB'CD FFIII\\u0130 \\u01C7\\u01C7\\u01C7 ") + DESERET_DEE + DESERET_DEE,
        "Lower", CharsToUnicodeString("ab'cD \\uFB00i\\u0131I\\u0130 \\u01C7\\u01C8\\u01C9 ") + DESERET_dee + DESERET_DEE, 
                 CharsToUnicodeString("ab'cd \\uFB00i\\u0131ii\\u0307 \\u01C9\\u01C9\\u01C9 ") + DESERET_dee + DESERET_dee,
    
        "Upper", CharsToUnicodeString("ab'cD \\uFB00i\\u0131I\\u0130 \\u01C7\\u01C8\\u01C9 ") + DESERET_dee + DESERET_DEE, "",
        "Lower", CharsToUnicodeString("ab'cD \\uFB00i\\u0131I\\u0130 \\u01C7\\u01C8\\u01C9 ") + DESERET_dee + DESERET_DEE, "",

         // FORMS OF S
        "Greek-Latin/UNGEGN",  CharsToUnicodeString("\\u03C3 \\u03C3\\u03C2 \\u03C2\\u03C3"), 
                               CharsToUnicodeString("s ss s\\u0331s\\u0331") ,
        "Latin-Greek/UNGEGN",  CharsToUnicodeString("s ss s\\u0331s\\u0331"), 
                               CharsToUnicodeString("\\u03C3 \\u03C3\\u03C2 \\u03C2\\u03C3") ,
        "Greek-Latin",  CharsToUnicodeString("\\u03C3 \\u03C3\\u03C2 \\u03C2\\u03C3"), 
                        CharsToUnicodeString("s ss s\\u0331s\\u0331") ,
        "Latin-Greek",  CharsToUnicodeString("s ss s\\u0331s\\u0331"), 
                        CharsToUnicodeString("\\u03C3 \\u03C3\\u03C2 \\u03C2\\u03C3"),
        // Tatiana bug
        // Upper: TAT\\u02B9\\u00C2NA
        // Lower: tat\\u02B9\\u00E2na
        // Title: Tat\\u02B9\\u00E2na
        "Upper", CharsToUnicodeString("tat\\u02B9\\u00E2na"),
                 CharsToUnicodeString("TAT\\u02B9\\u00C2NA"),
        "Lower", CharsToUnicodeString("TAT\\u02B9\\u00C2NA"),
                 CharsToUnicodeString("tat\\u02B9\\u00E2na"),
        "Title", CharsToUnicodeString("tat\\u02B9\\u00E2na"),
                 CharsToUnicodeString("Tat\\u02B9\\u00E2na"),

        "" // END MARKER
    };

    UParseError pos;
    int32_t i;
    for (i = 0; registerRules[i].length()!=0; i+=2) {
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;

        Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules(registerRules[0+i], 
            registerRules[i+1], UTRANS_FORWARD, pos, status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            dataerrln("Fails: Unable to create the transliterator from rules. - %s", u_errorName(status));
        } else {
            Transliterator::registerInstance(t);
        }
    }
    for (i = 0; testCases[i].length()!=0; i+=3) {
        UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        UParseError pe;
        const UnicodeString& name = testCases[i];
        Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance(name, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
        if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
            dataerrln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Couldn't create " + name + " - " + u_errorName(ec));
            delete t;
            continue;
        }
        const UnicodeString& id = t->getID();
        const UnicodeString& source = testCases[i+1];
        UnicodeString target;

        // Automatic generation of targets, to make it simpler to add test cases (and more fail-safe)
        
        if (testCases[i+2].length() > 0) {
            target = testCases[i+2];
        } else if (0==id.caseCompare("NFD", U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT)) {
            Normalizer::normalize(source, UNORM_NFD, 0, target, ec);
        } else if (0==id.caseCompare("NFC", U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT)) {
            Normalizer::normalize(source, UNORM_NFC, 0, target, ec);
        } else if (0==id.caseCompare("NFKD", U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT)) {
            Normalizer::normalize(source, UNORM_NFKD, 0, target, ec);
        } else if (0==id.caseCompare("NFKC", U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT)) {
            Normalizer::normalize(source, UNORM_NFKC, 0, target, ec);
        } else if (0==id.caseCompare("Lower", U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT)) {
            target = source;
            target.toLower(Locale::getUS());
        } else if (0==id.caseCompare("Upper", U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT)) {
            target = source;
            target.toUpper(Locale::getUS());
        }
        if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
            errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Internal error normalizing " + source);
            continue;
        }

        expect(*t, source, target);
        delete t;
    }
    for (i = 0; registerRules[i].length()!=0; i+=2) {
        Transliterator::unregister(registerRules[i]);
    }
}

char* Char32ToEscapedChars(UChar32 ch, char* buffer, size_t n) {
    if (ch <= 0xFFFF) {
        snprintf(buffer, n, "\\u%04x", (int)ch);
    } else {
        snprintf(buffer, n, "\\U%08x", (int)ch);
    }
    return buffer;
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestSurrogateCasing (void) {
    // check that casing handles surrogates
    // titlecase is currently defective
    char buffer[20];
    UChar buffer2[20];
    UChar32 dee;
    U16_GET(DESERET_dee,0, 0, DESERET_dee.length(), dee);
    UnicodeString DEE(u_totitle(dee));
    if (DEE != DESERET_DEE) {
        err("Fails titlecase of surrogates");
        err(Char32ToEscapedChars(dee, buffer, sizeof(buffer))); 
        err(", ");
        errln(Char32ToEscapedChars(DEE.char32At(0), buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
    }
        
    UnicodeString deeDEETest=DESERET_dee + DESERET_DEE;
    UnicodeString deedeeTest = DESERET_dee + DESERET_dee;
    UnicodeString DEEDEETest = DESERET_DEE + DESERET_DEE;
    UErrorCode status= U_ZERO_ERROR;

    u_strToUpper(buffer2, 20, deeDEETest.getBuffer(), deeDEETest.length(), NULL, &status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status) || (UnicodeString(buffer2)!= DEEDEETest)) {
        errln("Fails: Can't uppercase surrogates.");
    }
        
    status= U_ZERO_ERROR;
    u_strToLower(buffer2, 20, deeDEETest.getBuffer(), deeDEETest.length(), NULL, &status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status) || (UnicodeString(buffer2)!= deedeeTest)) {
        errln("Fails: Can't lowercase surrogates.");
    }
}

static void _trans(Transliterator& t, const UnicodeString& src,
                   UnicodeString& result) {
    result = src;
    t.transliterate(result);
}

static void _trans(const UnicodeString& id, const UnicodeString& src,
                   UnicodeString& result, UErrorCode ec) {
    UParseError pe;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance(id, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (U_SUCCESS(ec)) {
        _trans(*t, src, result);
    }
    delete t;
}

static UnicodeString _findMatch(const UnicodeString& source,
                                       const UnicodeString* pairs) {
    UnicodeString empty;
    for (int32_t i=0; pairs[i].length() > 0; i+=2) {
        if (0==source.caseCompare(pairs[i], U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT)) {
            return pairs[i+1];
        }
    }
    return empty;
}

// Check to see that incremental gets at least part way through a reasonable string.

void TransliteratorTest::TestIncrementalProgress(void) {
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UnicodeString latinTest = "The Quick Brown Fox.";
    UnicodeString devaTest;
    _trans("Latin-Devanagari", latinTest, devaTest, ec);
    UnicodeString kataTest;
    _trans("Latin-Katakana", latinTest, kataTest, ec);
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln("FAIL: Internal error");
        return;
    }
    const UnicodeString tests[] = {
        "Any", latinTest,
        "Latin", latinTest,
        "Halfwidth", latinTest,
        "Devanagari", devaTest,
        "Katakana", kataTest,
        "" // END MARKER
    };

    UnicodeString test("The Quick Brown Fox Jumped Over The Lazy Dog.");
    int32_t i = 0, j=0, k=0;
    int32_t sources = Transliterator::countAvailableSources();
    for (i = 0; i < sources; i++) {
        UnicodeString source;
        Transliterator::getAvailableSource(i, source);
        UnicodeString test = _findMatch(source, tests);
        if (test.length() == 0) {
            logln((UnicodeString)"Skipping " + source + "-X");
            continue;
        }
        int32_t targets = Transliterator::countAvailableTargets(source);
        for (j = 0; j < targets; j++) {
            UnicodeString target;
            Transliterator::getAvailableTarget(j, source, target);
            int32_t variants = Transliterator::countAvailableVariants(source, target);
            for (k =0; k< variants; k++) {
                UnicodeString variant;
                UParseError err;
                UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;

                Transliterator::getAvailableVariant(k, source, target, variant);
                UnicodeString id = source + "-" + target + "/" + variant;
                
                Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance(id, UTRANS_FORWARD, err, status);
                if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
                    dataerrln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Could not create " + id + ", status " + u_errorName(status));
                    delete t;
                    continue;
                }
                status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
                CheckIncrementalAux(t, test);

                UnicodeString rev;
                _trans(*t, test, rev);
                Transliterator *inv = t->createInverse(status);
                if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
                    // The following are forward-only, it is OK that creating an inverse will not work:
                    // 1. Devanagari-Arabic
                    // 2. Any-*/BGN
                    // 2a. Any-*/BGN_1981
                    // 3. Any-*/MNS
                    //
                    // 4. If UCONFIG_NO_BREAK_ITERATION is on, Latin-Thai is also not expected to work.
                    //
                    // The following are direction="both" transforms with variants, inverting the Any-Xxxx/Variant for
                    // any of these does not work; see ICU-21911 (not sure whether this is intentional or an ICU bug).
                    // Unfortunately we do not easily have the info at this point as to whether the original transform
                    // had direction="both" specified.
                    // 5. Any-*/UNGEGN
                    // 6. Any-Ethiopic/*
                    // 7. Any-Braille/*
                    // 8. Any-*/Gurage_2013
                    // 9. Any-*/Gutgarts
                    // 10. Any-*/Tekie_Alibekit
                    // 11. Any-*/Xaleget
                    //
                    if (    id.compare((UnicodeString)"Devanagari-Arabic/") != 0
                         && !(id.startsWith((UnicodeString)"Any-") &&
                                (id.endsWith((UnicodeString)"/BGN") || id.endsWith((UnicodeString)"/BGN_1981") || id.endsWith((UnicodeString)"/MNS"))
                             )
#if UCONFIG_NO_BREAK_ITERATION
                         && id.compare((UnicodeString)"Latin-Thai/") != 0
#endif
                         && !(logKnownIssue("21911", "ICU4C cannot create inverse of Any-Xxxx/Variant transform created from both-direction transform") &&
                                id.startsWith((UnicodeString)"Any-") &&
                                (id.endsWith((UnicodeString)"/UNGEGN") || id.startsWith((UnicodeString)"Any-Ethiopic/") || id.startsWith((UnicodeString)"Any-Braille/") ||
                                 id.endsWith((UnicodeString)"/Gurage_2013") || id.endsWith((UnicodeString)"/Gutgarts") || id.endsWith((UnicodeString)"/Tekie_Alibekit") ||
                                 id.endsWith((UnicodeString)"/Xaleget"))
                             )
                       )
                    {
                        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Could not create inverse of " + id + ", status " + u_errorName(status));
                    }
                    delete t;
                    delete inv;
                    continue;
                }
                CheckIncrementalAux(inv, rev);
                delete t;
                delete inv;
            }
        }
    }
}

void TransliteratorTest::CheckIncrementalAux(const Transliterator* t, 
                                                      const UnicodeString& input) {
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UTransPosition pos;
    UnicodeString test = input;

    pos.contextStart = 0;
    pos.contextLimit = input.length();
    pos.start = 0;
    pos.limit = input.length();

    t->transliterate(test, pos, ec);
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: transliterate() error " + u_errorName(ec));
        return;
    }
    UBool gotError = false;
    (void)gotError;    // Suppress set but not used warning.

    // we have a few special cases. Any-Remove (pos.start = 0, but also = limit) and U+XXXXX?X?

    if (pos.start == 0 && pos.limit != 0 && t->getID() != "Hex-Any/Unicode") {
        errln((UnicodeString)"No Progress, " +
              t->getID() + ": " + formatInput(test, input, pos));
        gotError = true;
    } else {
        logln((UnicodeString)"PASS Progress, " +
              t->getID() + ": " + formatInput(test, input, pos));
    }
    t->finishTransliteration(test, pos);
    if (pos.start != pos.limit) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"Incomplete, " +
              t->getID() + ": " + formatInput(test, input, pos));
        gotError = true;
    }
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestFunction() {
    // Careful with spacing and ';' here:  Phrase this exactly
    // as toRules() is going to return it.  If toRules() changes
    // with regard to spacing or ';', then adjust this string.
    UnicodeString rule =
        "([:Lu:]) > $1 '(' &Lower( $1 ) '=' &Hex( &Any-Lower( $1 ) ) ')';";
    
    UParseError pe;
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("Test", rule, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (t == NULL) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createFromRules failed - %s", u_errorName(ec));
        return;
    }
    
    UnicodeString r;
    t->toRules(r, true);
    if (r == rule) {
        logln((UnicodeString)"OK: toRules() => " + r);
    } else {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: toRules() => " + r +
              ", expected " + rule);
    }
    
    expect(*t, "The Quick Brown Fox",
           UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("T(t=\\u0074)he Q(q=\\u0071)uick B(b=\\u0062)rown F(f=\\u0066)ox"));

    delete t;
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestInvalidBackRef(void) {
    UnicodeString rule =  ". > $1;";
    UnicodeString rule2 =CharsToUnicodeString("(.) <> &hex/unicode($1) &name($1); . > $1; [{}] >\\u0020;");
    UParseError pe;
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createFromRules("Test", rule, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    Transliterator *t2 = Transliterator::createFromRules("Test2", rule2, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);

    if (t != NULL) {
        errln("FAIL: createFromRules should have returned NULL");
        delete t;
    }

    if (t2 != NULL) {
        errln("FAIL: createFromRules should have returned NULL");
        delete t2;
    }

    if (U_SUCCESS(ec)) {
        errln("FAIL: Ok: . > $1; => no error");
    } else {
        logln((UnicodeString)"Ok: . > $1; => " + u_errorName(ec));
    }
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestMulticharStringSet() {
    // Basic testing
    const char* rule =
        "       [{aa}]       > x;"
        "         a          > y;"
        "       [b{bc}]      > z;"
        "[{gd}] { e          > q;"
        "         e } [{fg}] > r;" ;
        
    UParseError pe;
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createFromRules("Test", rule, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (t == NULL || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        delete t;
        errln("FAIL: createFromRules failed");
        return;
    }
        
    expect(*t, "a aa ab bc d gd de gde gdefg ddefg",
           "y x yz z d gd de gdq gdqfg ddrfg");
    delete t;

    // Overlapped string test.  Make sure that when multiple
    // strings can match that the longest one is matched.
    rule =
        "    [a {ab} {abc}]    > x;"
        "           b          > y;"
        "           c          > z;"
        " q [t {st} {rst}] { e > p;" ;
        
    t = Transliterator::createFromRules("Test", rule, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (t == NULL || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        delete t;
        errln("FAIL: createFromRules failed");
        return;
    }
        
    expect(*t, "a ab abc qte qste qrste",
           "x x x qtp qstp qrstp");
    delete t;
}

// vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
// BEGIN TestUserFunction support factory

Transliterator* _TUFF[4];
UnicodeString* _TUFID[4];

static Transliterator* U_EXPORT2 _TUFFactory(const UnicodeString& /*ID*/,
                                   Transliterator::Token context) {
    return _TUFF[context.integer]->clone();
}

static void _TUFReg(const UnicodeString& ID, Transliterator* t, int32_t n) {
    _TUFF[n] = t;
    _TUFID[n] = new UnicodeString(ID);
    Transliterator::registerFactory(ID, _TUFFactory, Transliterator::integerToken(n));
}

static void _TUFUnreg(int32_t n) {
    if (_TUFF[n] != NULL) {
        Transliterator::unregister(*_TUFID[n]);
        delete _TUFF[n];
        delete _TUFID[n];
    }
}

// END TestUserFunction support factory
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

/**
 * Test that user-registered transliterators can be used under function
 * syntax.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestUserFunction() {
 
    Transliterator* t;
    UParseError pe;
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;

    // Setup our factory
    int32_t i;
    for (i=0; i<4; ++i) {
        _TUFF[i] = NULL;
    }

    // There's no need to register inverses if we don't use them
    t = Transliterator::createFromRules("gif",
                                        UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("'\\'u(..)(..) > '<img src=\"http://www.unicode.org/gifs/24/' $1 '/U' $1$2 '.gif\">';"),
                                        UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (t == NULL || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        dataerrln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: createFromRules gif " + u_errorName(ec));
        return;
    }
    _TUFReg("Any-gif", t, 0);

    t = Transliterator::createFromRules("RemoveCurly",
                                        UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("[\\{\\}] > ; '\\N' > ;"),
                                        UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (t == NULL || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: createFromRules RemoveCurly " + u_errorName(ec));
        goto FAIL;
    }
    expect(*t, UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("\\N{name}"), "name");
    _TUFReg("Any-RemoveCurly", t, 1);

    logln("Trying &hex");
    t = Transliterator::createFromRules("hex2",
                                        "(.) > &hex($1);",
                                        UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (t == NULL || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln("FAIL: createFromRules");
        goto FAIL;
    }
    logln("Registering");
    _TUFReg("Any-hex2", t, 2);
    t = Transliterator::createInstance("Any-hex2", UTRANS_FORWARD, ec);
    if (t == NULL || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: createInstance Any-hex2 " + u_errorName(ec));
        goto FAIL;
    }
    expect(*t, "abc", UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("\\u0061\\u0062\\u0063"));
    delete t;

    logln("Trying &gif");
    t = Transliterator::createFromRules("gif2",
                                        "(.) > &Gif(&Hex2($1));",
                                        UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (t == NULL || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: createFromRules gif2 " + u_errorName(ec));
        goto FAIL;
    }
    logln("Registering");
    _TUFReg("Any-gif2", t, 3);
    t = Transliterator::createInstance("Any-gif2", UTRANS_FORWARD, ec);
    if (t == NULL || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: createInstance Any-gif2 " + u_errorName(ec));
        goto FAIL;
    }
    expect(*t, "ab", "<img src=\"http://www.unicode.org/gifs/24/00/U0061.gif\">"
           "<img src=\"http://www.unicode.org/gifs/24/00/U0062.gif\">");
    delete t;

    // Test that filters are allowed after &
    t = Transliterator::createFromRules("test",
                                        "(.) > &Hex($1) ' ' &RemoveCurly(&Name($1)) ' ';",
                                        UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (t == NULL || U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: createFromRules test " + u_errorName(ec));
        goto FAIL;
    }
    expect(*t, "abc",
           UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("\\u0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A \\u0062 LATIN SMALL LETTER B \\u0063 LATIN SMALL LETTER C "));
    delete t;

 FAIL:
    for (i=0; i<4; ++i) {
        _TUFUnreg(i);
    }
}

/**
 * Test the Any-X transliterators.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestAnyX(void) {
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* anyLatin =
        Transliterator::createInstance("Any-Latin", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (anyLatin==0) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance returned NULL - %s", u_errorName(status));
        delete anyLatin;
        return;
    }

    expect(*anyLatin,
           CharsToUnicodeString("greek:\\u03B1\\u03B2\\u03BA\\u0391\\u0392\\u039A hiragana:\\u3042\\u3076\\u304F cyrillic:\\u0430\\u0431\\u0446"),
           CharsToUnicodeString("greek:abkABK hiragana:abuku cyrillic:abc"));

    delete anyLatin;
}

/**
 * Test Any-X transliterators with sample letters from all scripts.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestAny(void) {
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    // Note: there is a lot of implicit construction of UnicodeStrings from (char *) in
    //       function call parameters going on in this test.
    UnicodeSet alphabetic("[:alphabetic:]", status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        dataerrln("Failure: file %s, line %d, status = %s", __FILE__, __LINE__, u_errorName(status));
        return;
    }
    alphabetic.freeze();

    UnicodeString testString;
    for (int32_t i = 0; i < USCRIPT_CODE_LIMIT; i++) {
        const char *scriptName = uscript_getShortName((UScriptCode)i);
        if (scriptName == NULL) {
            errln("Failure: file %s, line %d: Script Code %d is invalid, ", __FILE__, __LINE__, i);
            return;
        }

        UnicodeSet sample;
        sample.applyPropertyAlias("script", scriptName, status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            errln("Failure: file %s, line %d, status = %s", __FILE__, __LINE__, u_errorName(status));
            return;
        }
        sample.retainAll(alphabetic);
        for (int32_t count=0; count<5; count++) {
            UChar32 c = sample.charAt(count);
            if (c == -1) {
                break;
            }
            testString.append(c);
        }
    }

    UParseError parseError;
    Transliterator* anyLatin =
        Transliterator::createInstance("Any-Latin", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        dataerrln("Failure: file %s, line %d, status = %s", __FILE__, __LINE__, u_errorName(status));
        return;
    }

    logln(UnicodeString("Sample set for Any-Latin: ") + testString);
    anyLatin->transliterate(testString);
    logln(UnicodeString("Sample result for Any-Latin: ") + testString);
    delete anyLatin;
}


/**
 * Test the source and target set API.  These are only implemented
 * for RBT and CompoundTransliterator at this time.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestSourceTargetSet() {
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;

    // Rules
    const char* r =
        "a > b; "
        "r [x{lu}] > q;";

    // Expected source
    UnicodeSet expSrc("[arx{lu}]", ec);

    // Expected target
    UnicodeSet expTrg("[bq]", ec);

    UParseError pe;
    Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createFromRules("test", r, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);

    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        delete t;
        errln("FAIL: Couldn't set up test");
        return;
    }

    UnicodeSet src; t->getSourceSet(src);
    UnicodeSet trg; t->getTargetSet(trg);

    if (src == expSrc && trg == expTrg) {
        UnicodeString a, b;
        logln((UnicodeString)"Ok: " +
              r + " => source = " + src.toPattern(a, true) +
              ", target = " + trg.toPattern(b, true));
    } else {
        UnicodeString a, b, c, d;
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: " +
              r + " => source = " + src.toPattern(a, true) +
              ", expected " + expSrc.toPattern(b, true) +
              "; target = " + trg.toPattern(c, true) +
              ", expected " + expTrg.toPattern(d, true));
    }

    delete t;
}

/**
 * Test handling of Pattern_White_Space, for both RBT and UnicodeSet.
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestPatternWhiteSpace() {
    // Rules
    const char* r = "a > \\u200E b;";
    
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError pe;
    Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createFromRules("test", CharsToUnicodeString(r), UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln("FAIL: Couldn't set up test");
    } else {
        expect(*t, "a", "b");
    }
    delete t;
    
    // UnicodeSet
    ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UnicodeSet set(CharsToUnicodeString("[a \\u200E]"), ec);
    
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln("FAIL: Couldn't set up test");
    } else {
        if (set.contains(0x200E)) {
            errln("FAIL: U+200E not being ignored by UnicodeSet");
        }
    }
}
//======================================================================
// this method is in TestUScript.java
//======================================================================
void TransliteratorTest::TestAllCodepoints(){
    UScriptCode code= USCRIPT_INVALID_CODE;
    char id[256]={'\0'};
    char abbr[256]={'\0'};
    char newId[256]={'\0'};
    char newAbbrId[256]={'\0'};
    char oldId[256]={'\0'};
    char oldAbbrId[256]={'\0'};

    UErrorCode status =U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError pe;
    
    for(uint32_t i = 0; i<=0x10ffff; i++){
        code =  uscript_getScript(i,&status);
        if(code == USCRIPT_INVALID_CODE){
            dataerrln("uscript_getScript for codepoint \\U%08X failed.", i);
        }
        const char* myId = uscript_getName(code);
        if(!myId) {
          dataerrln("Valid script code returned NULL name. Check your data!");
          return;
        }
        uprv_strcpy(id,myId);
        uprv_strcpy(abbr,uscript_getShortName(code));

        uprv_strcpy(newId,"[:");
        uprv_strcat(newId,id);
        uprv_strcat(newId,":];NFD");

        uprv_strcpy(newAbbrId,"[:");
        uprv_strcat(newAbbrId,abbr);
        uprv_strcat(newAbbrId,":];NFD");

        if(uprv_strcmp(newId,oldId)!=0){
            Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createInstance(newId,UTRANS_FORWARD,pe,status);
            if(t==NULL || U_FAILURE(status)){
                dataerrln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Could not create " + id + " - " + u_errorName(status));
            }
            delete t;
        }
        if(uprv_strcmp(newAbbrId,oldAbbrId)!=0){
            Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createInstance(newAbbrId,UTRANS_FORWARD,pe,status);
            if(t==NULL || U_FAILURE(status)){
                dataerrln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Could not create " + id + " - " + u_errorName(status));
            }
            delete t;
        }
        uprv_strcpy(oldId,newId);
        uprv_strcpy(oldAbbrId, newAbbrId);

    }

} 

#define TEST_TRANSLIT_ID(id, cls) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
  UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR; \
  Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createInstance(id, UTRANS_FORWARD, ec); \
  if (U_FAILURE(ec)) { \
    dataerrln("FAIL: Couldn't create %s - %s", id, u_errorName(ec)); \
  } else { \
    if (t->getDynamicClassID() != cls::getStaticClassID()) { \
      errln("FAIL: " #cls " dynamic and static class ID mismatch"); \
    } \
    /* *t = *t; */ /*can't do this: coverage test for assignment op*/ \
  } \
  delete t; \
} UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END

#define TEST_TRANSLIT_RULE(rule, cls) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
  UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR; \
  UParseError pe; \
  Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createFromRules("_", rule, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec); \
  if (U_FAILURE(ec)) { \
    errln("FAIL: Couldn't create " rule); \
  } else { \
    if (t->getDynamicClassID() != cls ::getStaticClassID()) { \
      errln("FAIL: " #cls " dynamic and static class ID mismatch"); \
    } \
    /* *t = *t; */ /*can't do this: coverage test for assignment op*/ \
  } \
  delete t; \
} UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END

void TransliteratorTest::TestBoilerplate() {
    TEST_TRANSLIT_ID("Any-Latin", AnyTransliterator);
    TEST_TRANSLIT_ID("Any-Hex", EscapeTransliterator);
    TEST_TRANSLIT_ID("Hex-Any", UnescapeTransliterator);
    TEST_TRANSLIT_ID("Lower", LowercaseTransliterator);
    TEST_TRANSLIT_ID("Upper", UppercaseTransliterator);
    TEST_TRANSLIT_ID("Title", TitlecaseTransliterator);
    TEST_TRANSLIT_ID("Null", NullTransliterator);
    TEST_TRANSLIT_ID("Remove", RemoveTransliterator);
    TEST_TRANSLIT_ID("Any-Name", UnicodeNameTransliterator);
    TEST_TRANSLIT_ID("Name-Any", NameUnicodeTransliterator);
    TEST_TRANSLIT_ID("NFD", NormalizationTransliterator);
    TEST_TRANSLIT_ID("Latin-Greek", CompoundTransliterator);
    TEST_TRANSLIT_RULE("a>b;", RuleBasedTransliterator);
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestAlternateSyntax() {
    // U+2206 == &
    // U+2190 == <
    // U+2192 == >
    // U+2194 == <>
    expect(CharsToUnicodeString("a \\u2192 x; b \\u2190 y; c \\u2194 z"),
           "abc",
           "xbz");
    expect(CharsToUnicodeString("([:^ASCII:]) \\u2192 \\u2206Name($1);"),
           CharsToUnicodeString("<=\\u2190; >=\\u2192; <>=\\u2194; &=\\u2206"),
           UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("<=\\N{LEFTWARDS ARROW}; >=\\N{RIGHTWARDS ARROW}; <>=\\N{LEFT RIGHT ARROW}; &=\\N{INCREMENT}"));
}

static const char* BEGIN_END_RULES[] = {
    // [0]
    "abc > xy;"
    "aba > z;",

    // [1]
/*
    "::BEGIN;"
    "abc > xy;"
    "::END;"
    "::BEGIN;"
    "aba > z;"
    "::END;",
*/
    "", // test case commented out below, this is here to keep from messing up the indexes

    // [2]
/*
    "abc > xy;"
    "::BEGIN;"
    "aba > z;"
    "::END;",
*/
    "", // test case commented out below, this is here to keep from messing up the indexes

    // [3]
/*
    "::BEGIN;"
    "abc > xy;"
    "::END;"
    "aba > z;",
*/
    "", // test case commented out below, this is here to keep from messing up the indexes

    // [4]
    "abc > xy;"
    "::Null;"
    "aba > z;",

    // [5]
    "::Upper;"
    "ABC > xy;"
    "AB > x;"
    "C > z;"
    "::Upper;"
    "XYZ > p;"
    "XY > q;"
    "Z > r;"
    "::Upper;",

    // [6]
    "$ws = [[:Separator:][\\u0009-\\u000C]$];"
    "$delim = [\\-$ws];"
    "$ws $delim* > ' ';"
    "'-' $delim* > '-';",

    // [7]
    "::Null;"
    "$ws = [[:Separator:][\\u0009-\\u000C]$];"
    "$delim = [\\-$ws];"
    "$ws $delim* > ' ';"
    "'-' $delim* > '-';",

    // [8]
    "$ws = [[:Separator:][\\u0009-\\u000C]$];"
    "$delim = [\\-$ws];"
    "$ws $delim* > ' ';"
    "'-' $delim* > '-';"
    "::Null;",

    // [9]
    "$ws = [[:Separator:][\\u0009-\\u000C]$];"
    "$delim = [\\-$ws];"
    "::Null;"
    "$ws $delim* > ' ';"
    "'-' $delim* > '-';",

    // [10]
/*
    "::BEGIN;"
    "$ws = [[:Separator:][\\u0009-\\u000C]$];"
    "$delim = [\\-$ws];"
    "::END;"
    "$ws $delim* > ' ';"
    "'-' $delim* > '-';",
*/
    "", // test case commented out below, this is here to keep from messing up the indexes

    // [11]
/*
    "$ws = [[:Separator:][\\u0009-\\u000C]$];"
    "$delim = [\\-$ws];"
    "::BEGIN;"
    "$ws $delim* > ' ';"
    "'-' $delim* > '-';"
    "::END;",
*/
    "", // test case commented out below, this is here to keep from messing up the indexes

    // [12]
/*
    "$ws = [[:Separator:][\\u0009-\\u000C]$];"
    "$delim = [\\-$ws];"
    "$ab = [ab];"
    "::BEGIN;"
    "$ws $delim* > ' ';"
    "'-' $delim* > '-';"
    "::END;"
    "::BEGIN;"
    "$ab { ' ' } $ab > '-';"
    "c { ' ' > ;"
    "::END;"
    "::BEGIN;"
    "'a-a' > a\\%|a;"
    "::END;",
*/
    "", // test case commented out below, this is here to keep from messing up the indexes

    // [13]
    "$ws = [[:Separator:][\\u0009-\\u000C]$];"
    "$delim = [\\-$ws];"
    "$ab = [ab];"
    "::Null;"
    "$ws $delim* > ' ';"
    "'-' $delim* > '-';"
    "::Null;"
    "$ab { ' ' } $ab > '-';"
    "c { ' ' > ;"
    "::Null;"
    "'a-a' > a\\%|a;",

    // [14]
/*
    "::[abc];"
    "::BEGIN;"
    "abc > xy;"
    "::END;"
    "::BEGIN;"
    "aba > yz;"
    "::END;"
    "::Upper;",
*/
    "", // test case commented out below, this is here to keep from messing up the indexes

    // [15]
    "::[abc];"
    "abc > xy;"
    "::Null;"
    "aba > yz;"
    "::Upper;",

    // [16]
/*
    "::[abc];"
    "::BEGIN;"
    "abc <> xy;"
    "::END;"
    "::BEGIN;"
    "aba <> yz;"
    "::END;"
    "::Upper(Lower);"
    "::([XYZ]);"
*/
    "", // test case commented out below, this is here to keep from messing up the indexes

    // [17]
    "::[abc];"
    "abc <> xy;"
    "::Null;"
    "aba <> yz;"
    "::Upper(Lower);"
    "::([XYZ]);"
};

/*
(This entire test is commented out below and will need some heavy revision when we re-add
the ::BEGIN/::END stuff)
static const char* BOGUS_BEGIN_END_RULES[] = {
    // [7]
    "::BEGIN;"
    "abc > xy;"
    "::BEGIN;"
    "aba > z;"
    "::END;"
    "::END;",

    // [8]
    "abc > xy;"
    " aba > z;"
    "::END;",

    // [9]
    "::BEGIN;"
    "::Upper;"
    "::END;"
};
static const int32_t BOGUS_BEGIN_END_RULES_length = UPRV_LENGTHOF(BOGUS_BEGIN_END_RULES);
*/

static const char* BEGIN_END_TEST_CASES[] = {
    // rules             input                   expected output
    BEGIN_END_RULES[0],  "abc ababc aba",        "xy zbc z",
//    BEGIN_END_RULES[1],  "abc ababc aba",        "xy abxy z",
//    BEGIN_END_RULES[2],  "abc ababc aba",        "xy abxy z",
//    BEGIN_END_RULES[3],  "abc ababc aba",        "xy abxy z",
    BEGIN_END_RULES[4],  "abc ababc aba",        "xy abxy z",
    BEGIN_END_RULES[5],  "abccabaacababcbc",     "PXAARXQBR",

    BEGIN_END_RULES[6],  "e   e - e---e-  e",    "e e e-e-e",
    BEGIN_END_RULES[7],  "e   e - e---e-  e",    "e e e-e-e",
    BEGIN_END_RULES[8],  "e   e - e---e-  e",    "e e e-e-e",
    BEGIN_END_RULES[9],  "e   e - e---e-  e",    "e e e-e-e",
//    BEGIN_END_RULES[10],  "e   e - e---e-  e",    "e e e-e-e",
//    BEGIN_END_RULES[11], "e   e - e---e-  e",    "e e e-e-e",
//    BEGIN_END_RULES[12], "e   e - e---e-  e",    "e e e-e-e",
//    BEGIN_END_RULES[12], "a    a    a    a",     "a%a%a%a",
//    BEGIN_END_RULES[12], "a a-b c b a",          "a%a-b cb-a",
    BEGIN_END_RULES[13], "e   e - e---e-  e",    "e e e-e-e",
    BEGIN_END_RULES[13], "a    a    a    a",     "a%a%a%a",
    BEGIN_END_RULES[13], "a a-b c b a",          "a%a-b cb-a",

//    BEGIN_END_RULES[14], "abc xy ababc xyz aba", "XY xy ABXY xyz YZ",
    BEGIN_END_RULES[15], "abc xy ababc xyz aba", "XY xy ABXY xyz YZ",
//    BEGIN_END_RULES[16], "abc xy ababc xyz aba", "XY xy ABXY xyz YZ",
    BEGIN_END_RULES[17], "abc xy ababc xyz aba", "XY xy ABXY xyz YZ"
};
static const int32_t BEGIN_END_TEST_CASES_length = UPRV_LENGTHOF(BEGIN_END_TEST_CASES);

void TransliteratorTest::TestBeginEnd() {
    // run through the list of test cases above
    int32_t i = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < BEGIN_END_TEST_CASES_length; i += 3) {
        expect((UnicodeString)"Test case #" + (i / 3),
               UnicodeString(BEGIN_END_TEST_CASES[i], -1, US_INV),
               UnicodeString(BEGIN_END_TEST_CASES[i + 1], -1, US_INV),
               UnicodeString(BEGIN_END_TEST_CASES[i + 2], -1, US_INV));
    }

    // instantiate the one reversible rule set in the reverse direction and make sure it does the right thing
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* reversed  = Transliterator::createFromRules("Reversed", UnicodeString(BEGIN_END_RULES[17]),
            UTRANS_REVERSE, parseError, status);
    if (reversed == 0 || U_FAILURE(status)) {
        reportParseError(UnicodeString("FAIL: Couldn't create reversed transliterator"), parseError, status);
    } else {
        expect(*reversed, UnicodeString("xy XY XYZ yz YZ"), UnicodeString("xy abc xaba yz aba"));
    }
    delete reversed;

    // finally, run through the list of syntactically-ill-formed rule sets above and make sure
    // that all of them cause errors
/*
(commented out until we have the real ::BEGIN/::END stuff in place
    for (i = 0; i < BOGUS_BEGIN_END_RULES_length; i++) {
        UParseError parseError;
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createFromRules("foo", UnicodeString(BOGUS_BEGIN_END_RULES[i]),
                UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
        if (!U_FAILURE(status)) {
            delete t;
            errln((UnicodeString)"Should have gotten syntax error from " + BOGUS_BEGIN_END_RULES[i]);
        }
    }
*/
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestBeginEndToRules() {
    // run through the same list of test cases we used above, but this time, instead of just
    // instantiating a Transliterator from the rules and running the test against it, we instantiate
    // a Transliterator from the rules, do toRules() on it, instantiate a Transliterator from
    // the resulting set of rules, and make sure that the generated rule set is semantically equivalent
    // to (i.e., does the same thing as) the original rule set
    for (int32_t i = 0; i < BEGIN_END_TEST_CASES_length; i += 3) {
        UParseError parseError;
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createFromRules("--", UnicodeString(BEGIN_END_TEST_CASES[i], -1, US_INV),
                UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            reportParseError(UnicodeString("FAIL: Couldn't create transliterator"), parseError, status);
        } else {
            UnicodeString rules;
            t->toRules(rules, true);
            Transliterator* t2 = Transliterator::createFromRules((UnicodeString)"Test case #" + (i / 3), rules,
                    UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
            if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
                reportParseError(UnicodeString("FAIL: Couldn't create transliterator from generated rules"),
                        parseError, status);
                delete t;
            } else {
                expect(*t2,
                       UnicodeString(BEGIN_END_TEST_CASES[i + 1], -1, US_INV),
                       UnicodeString(BEGIN_END_TEST_CASES[i + 2], -1, US_INV));
                delete t;
                delete t2;
            }
        }
    }

    // do the same thing for the reversible test case
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* reversed = Transliterator::createFromRules("Reversed", UnicodeString(BEGIN_END_RULES[17]),
            UTRANS_REVERSE, parseError, status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        reportParseError(UnicodeString("FAIL: Couldn't create reversed transliterator"), parseError, status);
    } else {
        UnicodeString rules;
        reversed->toRules(rules, false);
        Transliterator* reversed2 = Transliterator::createFromRules("Reversed", rules, UTRANS_FORWARD,
                parseError, status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            reportParseError(UnicodeString("FAIL: Couldn't create reversed transliterator from generated rules"),
                    parseError, status);
            delete reversed;
        } else {
            expect(*reversed2,
                   UnicodeString("xy XY XYZ yz YZ"),
                   UnicodeString("xy abc xaba yz aba"));
            delete reversed;
            delete reversed2;
        }
    }
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestRegisterAlias() {
    UnicodeString longID("Lower;[aeiou]Upper");
    UnicodeString shortID("Any-CapVowels");
    UnicodeString reallyShortID("CapVowels");

    Transliterator::registerAlias(shortID, longID);

    UErrorCode err = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* t1 = Transliterator::createInstance(longID, UTRANS_FORWARD, err);
    if (U_FAILURE(err)) {
        errln("Failed to instantiate transliterator with long ID");
        Transliterator::unregister(shortID);
        return;
    }
    Transliterator* t2 = Transliterator::createInstance(reallyShortID, UTRANS_FORWARD, err);
    if (U_FAILURE(err)) {
        errln("Failed to instantiate transliterator with short ID");
        delete t1;
        Transliterator::unregister(shortID);
        return;
    }

    if (t1->getID() != longID)
        errln("Transliterator instantiated with long ID doesn't have long ID");
    if (t2->getID() != reallyShortID)
        errln("Transliterator instantiated with short ID doesn't have short ID");

    UnicodeString rules1;
    UnicodeString rules2;

    t1->toRules(rules1, true);
    t2->toRules(rules2, true);
    if (rules1 != rules2)
        errln("Alias transliterators aren't the same");

    delete t1;
    delete t2;
    Transliterator::unregister(shortID);

    t1 = Transliterator::createInstance(shortID, UTRANS_FORWARD, err);
    if (U_SUCCESS(err)) {
        errln("Instantiation with short ID succeeded after short ID was unregistered");
        delete t1;
    }

    // try the same thing again, but this time with something other than
    // an instance of CompoundTransliterator
    UnicodeString realID("Latin-Greek");
    UnicodeString fakeID("Latin-dlgkjdflkjdl");
    Transliterator::registerAlias(fakeID, realID);

    err = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    t1 = Transliterator::createInstance(realID, UTRANS_FORWARD, err);
    if (U_FAILURE(err)) {
        dataerrln("Failed to instantiate transliterator with real ID - %s", u_errorName(err));
        Transliterator::unregister(realID);
        return;
    }
    t2 = Transliterator::createInstance(fakeID, UTRANS_FORWARD, err);
    if (U_FAILURE(err)) {
        errln("Failed to instantiate transliterator with fake ID");
        delete t1;
        Transliterator::unregister(realID);
        return;
    }

    t1->toRules(rules1, true);
    t2->toRules(rules2, true);
    if (rules1 != rules2)
        errln("Alias transliterators aren't the same");

    delete t1;
    delete t2;
    Transliterator::unregister(fakeID);
}

void TransliteratorTest::TestRuleStripping() {
    /*
#
\uE001>\u0C01; # SIGN
    */
    static const UChar rule[] = {
        0x0023,0x0020,0x000D,0x000A,
        0xE001,0x003E,0x0C01,0x003B,0x0020,0x0023,0x0020,0x0053,0x0049,0x0047,0x004E,0
    };
    static const UChar expectedRule[] = {
        0xE001,0x003E,0x0C01,0x003B,0
    };
    UChar result[UPRV_LENGTHOF(rule)];
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    int32_t len = utrans_stripRules(rule, UPRV_LENGTHOF(rule), result, &status);
    if (len != u_strlen(expectedRule)) {
        errln("utrans_stripRules return len = %d", len);
    }
    if (u_strncmp(expectedRule, result, len) != 0) {
        errln("utrans_stripRules did not return expected string");
    }
}

/**
 * Test the Halfwidth-Fullwidth transliterator (ticket 6281).
 */
void TransliteratorTest::TestHalfwidthFullwidth(void) {
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* hf = Transliterator::createInstance("Halfwidth-Fullwidth", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    Transliterator* fh = Transliterator::createInstance("Fullwidth-Halfwidth", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (hf == 0 || fh == 0) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance failed - %s", u_errorName(status));
        delete hf;
        delete fh;
        return;
    }

    // Array of 2n items
    // Each item is
    //   "hf"|"fh"|"both",
    //   <Halfwidth>,
    //   <Fullwidth>
    const char* DATA[] = {
        "both",
        "\\uFFE9\\uFFEA\\uFFEB\\uFFEC\\u0061\\uFF71\\u00AF\\u0020",
        "\\u2190\\u2191\\u2192\\u2193\\uFF41\\u30A2\\uFFE3\\u3000",
    };
    int32_t DATA_length = UPRV_LENGTHOF(DATA);

    for (int32_t i=0; i<DATA_length; i+=3) {
        UnicodeString h = CharsToUnicodeString(DATA[i+1]);
        UnicodeString f = CharsToUnicodeString(DATA[i+2]);
        switch (*DATA[i]) {
        case 0x68: //'h': // Halfwidth-Fullwidth only
            expect(*hf, h, f);
            break;
        case 0x66: //'f': // Fullwidth-Halfwidth only
            expect(*fh, f, h);
            break;
        case 0x62: //'b': // both directions
            expect(*hf, h, f);
            expect(*fh, f, h);
            break;
        }
    }
    delete hf;
    delete fh;
}


    /**
     *  Test Thai.  The text is the first paragraph of "What is Unicode" from the Unicode.org web site.
     *              TODO: confirm that the expected results are correct.
     *              For now, test just confirms that C++ and Java give identical results.
     */
void TransliteratorTest::TestThai(void) {
#if !UCONFIG_NO_BREAK_ITERATION
    // The expectations in this test heavily depends on the Thai dictionary.
    // Therefore, we skip this test under the LSTM configuration.
    if (skipDictionaryTest()) {
        return;
    }
    UParseError parseError;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    Transliterator* tr = Transliterator::createInstance("Any-Latin", UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (tr == 0) {
        dataerrln("FAIL: createInstance failed - %s", u_errorName(status));
        return;
    }
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        errln("FAIL: createInstance failed with %s", u_errorName(status));
        return;
    }
    const char *thaiText = 
        "\\u0e42\\u0e14\\u0e22\\u0e1e\\u0e37\\u0e49\\u0e19\\u0e10\\u0e32\\u0e19\\u0e41\\u0e25\\u0e49\\u0e27, \\u0e04\\u0e2d"
        "\\u0e21\\u0e1e\\u0e34\\u0e27\\u0e40\\u0e15\\u0e2d\\u0e23\\u0e4c\\u0e08\\u0e30\\u0e40\\u0e01\\u0e35\\u0e48\\u0e22"
        "\\u0e27\\u0e02\\u0e49\\u0e2d\\u0e07\\u0e01\\u0e31\\u0e1a\\u0e40\\u0e23\\u0e37\\u0e48\\u0e2d\\u0e07\\u0e02\\u0e2d"
        "\\u0e07\\u0e15\\u0e31\\u0e27\\u0e40\\u0e25\\u0e02. \\u0e04\\u0e2d\\u0e21\\u0e1e\\u0e34\\u0e27\\u0e40\\u0e15\\u0e2d"
        "\\u0e23\\u0e4c\\u0e08\\u0e31\\u0e14\\u0e40\\u0e01\\u0e47\\u0e1a\\u0e15\\u0e31\\u0e27\\u0e2d\\u0e31\\u0e01\\u0e29"
        "\\u0e23\\u0e41\\u0e25\\u0e30\\u0e2d\\u0e31\\u0e01\\u0e02\\u0e23\\u0e30\\u0e2d\\u0e37\\u0e48\\u0e19\\u0e46 \\u0e42"
        "\\u0e14\\u0e22\\u0e01\\u0e32\\u0e23\\u0e01\\u0e33\\u0e2b\\u0e19\\u0e14\\u0e2b\\u0e21\\u0e32\\u0e22\\u0e40\\u0e25"
        "\\u0e02\\u0e43\\u0e2b\\u0e49\\u0e2a\\u0e33\\u0e2b\\u0e23\\u0e31\\u0e1a\\u0e41\\u0e15\\u0e48\\u0e25\\u0e30\\u0e15"
        "\\u0e31\\u0e27. \\u0e01\\u0e48\\u0e2d\\u0e19\\u0e2b\\u0e19\\u0e49\\u0e32\\u0e17\\u0e35\\u0e48\\u0e4a Unicode \\u0e08"
        "\\u0e30\\u0e16\\u0e39\\u0e01\\u0e2a\\u0e23\\u0e49\\u0e32\\u0e07\\u0e02\\u0e36\\u0e49\\u0e19, \\u0e44\\u0e14\\u0e49"
        "\\u0e21\\u0e35\\u0e23\\u0e30\\u0e1a\\u0e1a encoding \\u0e2d\\u0e22\\u0e39\\u0e48\\u0e2b\\u0e25\\u0e32\\u0e22\\u0e23"
        "\\u0e49\\u0e2d\\u0e22\\u0e23\\u0e30\\u0e1a\\u0e1a\\u0e2a\\u0e33\\u0e2b\\u0e23\\u0e31\\u0e1a\\u0e01\\u0e32\\u0e23"
        "\\u0e01\\u0e33\\u0e2b\\u0e19\\u0e14\\u0e2b\\u0e21\\u0e32\\u0e22\\u0e40\\u0e25\\u0e02\\u0e40\\u0e2b\\u0e25\\u0e48"
        "\\u0e32\\u0e19\\u0e35\\u0e49. \\u0e44\\u0e21\\u0e48\\u0e21\\u0e35 encoding \\u0e43\\u0e14\\u0e17\\u0e35\\u0e48"
        "\\u0e21\\u0e35\\u0e08\\u0e33\\u0e19\\u0e27\\u0e19\\u0e15\\u0e31\\u0e27\\u0e2d\\u0e31\\u0e01\\u0e02\\u0e23\\u0e30"
        "\\u0e21\\u0e32\\u0e01\\u0e40\\u0e1e\\u0e35\\u0e22\\u0e07\\u0e1e\\u0e2d: \\u0e22\\u0e01\\u0e15\\u0e31\\u0e27\\u0e2d"
        "\\u0e22\\u0e48\\u0e32\\u0e07\\u0e40\\u0e0a\\u0e48\\u0e19, \\u0e40\\u0e09\\u0e1e\\u0e32\\u0e30\\u0e43\\u0e19\\u0e01"
        "\\u0e25\\u0e38\\u0e48\\u0e21\\u0e2a\\u0e2b\\u0e20\\u0e32\\u0e1e\\u0e22\\u0e38\\u0e42\\u0e23\\u0e1b\\u0e40\\u0e1e"
        "\\u0e35\\u0e22\\u0e07\\u0e41\\u0e2b\\u0e48\\u0e07\\u0e40\\u0e14\\u0e35\\u0e22\\u0e27 \\u0e01\\u0e47\\u0e15\\u0e49"
        "\\u0e2d\\u0e07\\u0e01\\u0e32\\u0e23\\u0e2b\\u0e25\\u0e32\\u0e22 encoding \\u0e43\\u0e19\\u0e01\\u0e32\\u0e23\\u0e04"
        "\\u0e23\\u0e2d\\u0e1a\\u0e04\\u0e25\\u0e38\\u0e21\\u0e17\\u0e38\\u0e01\\u0e20\\u0e32\\u0e29\\u0e32\\u0e43\\u0e19"
        "\\u0e01\\u0e25\\u0e38\\u0e48\\u0e21. \\u0e2b\\u0e23\\u0e37\\u0e2d\\u0e41\\u0e21\\u0e49\\u0e41\\u0e15\\u0e48\\u0e43"
        "\\u0e19\\u0e20\\u0e32\\u0e29\\u0e32\\u0e40\\u0e14\\u0e35\\u0e48\\u0e22\\u0e27 \\u0e40\\u0e0a\\u0e48\\u0e19 \\u0e20"
        "\\u0e32\\u0e29\\u0e32\\u0e2d\\u0e31\\u0e07\\u0e01\\u0e24\\u0e29 \\u0e01\\u0e47\\u0e44\\u0e21\\u0e48\\u0e21\\u0e35"
        " encoding \\u0e43\\u0e14\\u0e17\\u0e35\\u0e48\\u0e40\\u0e1e\\u0e35\\u0e22\\u0e07\\u0e1e\\u0e2d\\u0e2a\\u0e33\\u0e2b"
        "\\u0e23\\u0e31\\u0e1a\\u0e17\\u0e38\\u0e01\\u0e15\\u0e31\\u0e27\\u0e2d\\u0e31\\u0e01\\u0e29\\u0e23, \\u0e40\\u0e04"
        "\\u0e23\\u0e37\\u0e48\\u0e2d\\u0e07\\u0e2b\\u0e21\\u0e32\\u0e22\\u0e27\\u0e23\\u0e23\\u0e04\\u0e15\\u0e2d\\u0e19"
        " \\u0e41\\u0e25\\u0e30\\u0e2a\\u0e31\\u0e0d\\u0e25\\u0e31\\u0e01\\u0e29\\u0e13\\u0e4c\\u0e17\\u0e32\\u0e07\\u0e40"
        "\\u0e17\\u0e04\\u0e19\\u0e34\\u0e04\\u0e17\\u0e35\\u0e48\\u0e43\\u0e0a\\u0e49\\u0e01\\u0e31\\u0e19\\u0e2d\\u0e22"
        "\\u0e39\\u0e48\\u0e17\\u0e31\\u0e48\\u0e27\\u0e44\\u0e1b.";
    
    const char *latinText =     
        "doy ph\\u1ee5\\u0304\\u0302n \\u1e6d\\u0304h\\u0101n l\\u00e6\\u0302w, khxmphiwtexr\\u0312 ca ke\\u012b\\u0300"
        "ywk\\u0304\\u0125xng k\\u1ea1b re\\u1ee5\\u0304\\u0300xng k\\u0304hxng t\\u1ea1wlek\\u0304h. khxmphiwtexr"
        "\\u0312 c\\u1ea1d k\\u0115b t\\u1ea1w x\\u1ea1ks\\u0304\\u02b9r l\\u00e6a x\\u1ea1kk\\u0304h ra x\\u1ee5\\u0304"
        "\\u0300n\\u00ab doy k\\u0101r k\\u1ea3h\\u0304nd h\\u0304m\\u0101ylek\\u0304h h\\u0304\\u0131\\u0302 s\\u0304"
        "\\u1ea3h\\u0304r\\u1ea1b t\\u00e6\\u0300la t\\u1ea1w. k\\u0300xn h\\u0304n\\u0302\\u0101 th\\u012b\\u0300\\u0301"
        " Unicode ca t\\u0304h\\u016bk s\\u0304r\\u0302\\u0101ng k\\u0304h\\u1ee5\\u0302n, d\\u1ecb\\u0302 m\\u012b "
        "rabb encoding xy\\u016b\\u0300 h\\u0304l\\u0101y r\\u0302xy rabb s\\u0304\\u1ea3h\\u0304r\\u1ea1b k\\u0101"
        "r k\\u1ea3h\\u0304nd h\\u0304m\\u0101ylek\\u0304h h\\u0304el\\u0300\\u0101 n\\u012b\\u0302. m\\u1ecb\\u0300m"
        "\\u012b encoding d\\u0131 th\\u012b\\u0300 m\\u012b c\\u1ea3nwn t\\u1ea1w x\\u1ea1kk\\u0304hra m\\u0101k p"
        "he\\u012byng phx: yk t\\u1ea1wx\\u1ef3\\u0101ng ch\\u00e8n, c\\u0304heph\\u0101a n\\u0131 kl\\u00f9m s\\u0304"
        "h\\u0304p\\u0323h\\u0101ph yurop phe\\u012byng h\\u0304\\u00e6\\u0300ng de\\u012byw k\\u0306 t\\u0302xngk\\u0101"
        "r h\\u0304l\\u0101y encoding n\\u0131 k\\u0101r khrxbkhlum thuk p\\u0323h\\u0101s\\u0304\\u02b9\\u0101 n\\u0131"
        " kl\\u00f9m. h\\u0304r\\u1ee5\\u0304x m\\u00e6\\u0302t\\u00e6\\u0300 n\\u0131 p\\u0323h\\u0101s\\u0304\\u02b9"
        "\\u0101 de\\u012b\\u0300yw ch\\u00e8n p\\u0323h\\u0101s\\u0304\\u02b9\\u0101 x\\u1ea1ngkvs\\u0304\\u02b9 k\\u0306"
        " m\\u1ecb\\u0300m\\u012b encoding d\\u0131 th\\u012b\\u0300 phe\\u012byng phx s\\u0304\\u1ea3h\\u0304r\\u1ea1"
        "b thuk t\\u1ea1w x\\u1ea1ks\\u0304\\u02b9r, kher\\u1ee5\\u0304\\u0300xngh\\u0304m\\u0101y wrrkh txn l\\u00e6"
        "a s\\u0304\\u1ea1\\u1ef5l\\u1ea1ks\\u0304\\u02b9\\u1e47\\u0312 th\\u0101ng thekhnikh th\\u012b\\u0300 ch\\u0131"
        "\\u0302 k\\u1ea1n xy\\u016b\\u0300 th\\u1ea1\\u0300wp\\u1ecb.";
    
    
    UnicodeString  xlitText(thaiText);
    xlitText = xlitText.unescape();
    tr->transliterate(xlitText);

    UnicodeString expectedText(latinText);
    expectedText = expectedText.unescape();
    expect(*tr, xlitText, expectedText);
    
    delete tr;
#endif
}


//======================================================================
// Support methods
//======================================================================
void TransliteratorTest::expectT(const UnicodeString& id,
                                 const UnicodeString& source,
                                 const UnicodeString& expectedResult) {
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError pe;
    Transliterator *t = Transliterator::createInstance(id, UTRANS_FORWARD, pe, ec);
    if (U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        errln((UnicodeString)"FAIL: Could not create " + id + " -  " + u_errorName(ec));
        delete t;
        return;
    }
    expect(*t, source, expectedResult);
    delete t;
}

void TransliteratorTest::reportParseError(const UnicodeString& message,
                                          const UParseError& parseError,
                                          const UErrorCode& status) {
    dataerrln(message +
          /*", parse error " + parseError.code +*/
          ", line " + parseError.line +
          ", offset " + parseError.offset +
          ", pre-context " + prettify(parseError.preContext, true) +
          ", post-context " + prettify(parseError.postContext,true) +
          ", Error: " + u_errorName(status));
}

void TransliteratorTest::expect(const UnicodeString& rules,
                                const UnicodeString& source,
                                const UnicodeString& expectedResult,
                                UTransPosition *pos) {
    expect("<ID>", rules, source, expectedResult, pos);
}

void TransliteratorTest::expect(const UnicodeString& id,
                                const UnicodeString& rules,
                                const UnicodeString& source,
                                const UnicodeString& expectedResult,
                                UTransPosition *pos) {
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UParseError parseError;
    Transliterator* t = Transliterator::createFromRules(id, rules, UTRANS_FORWARD, parseError, status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        reportParseError(UnicodeString("Couldn't create transliterator from ") + rules, parseError, status);
    } else {
        expect(*t, source, expectedResult, pos);
    }
    delete t;
}

void TransliteratorTest::expect(const Transliterator& t,
                                const UnicodeString& source,
                                const UnicodeString& expectedResult,
                                const Transliterator& reverseTransliterator) {
    expect(t, source, expectedResult);
    expect(reverseTransliterator, expectedResult, source);
}

void TransliteratorTest::expect(const Transliterator& t,
                                const UnicodeString& source,
                                const UnicodeString& expectedResult,
                                UTransPosition *pos) {
    if (pos == 0) {
        UnicodeString result(source);
        t.transliterate(result);
        expectAux(t.getID() + ":String", source, result, expectedResult);
    }
    UTransPosition index={0, 0, 0, 0};
    if (pos != 0) {
        index = *pos;
    }

    UnicodeString rsource(source);
    if (pos == 0) {
        t.transliterate(rsource);
    } else {
        // Do it all at once -- below we do it incrementally
        t.finishTransliteration(rsource, *pos);
    }
    expectAux(t.getID() + ":Replaceable", source, rsource, expectedResult);

    // Test keyboard (incremental) transliteration -- this result
    // must be the same after we finalize (see below).
    UnicodeString log;
    rsource.remove();
    if (pos != 0) {
        rsource = source;
        formatInput(log, rsource, index);
        log.append(" -> ");
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        t.transliterate(rsource, index, status);
        formatInput(log, rsource, index);
    } else {
        for (int32_t i=0; i<source.length(); ++i) {
            if (i != 0) {
                log.append(" + ");
            }
            log.append(source.charAt(i)).append(" -> ");
            UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
            t.transliterate(rsource, index, source.charAt(i), status);
            formatInput(log, rsource, index);
        }
    }
    
    // As a final step in keyboard transliteration, we must call
    // transliterate to finish off any pending partial matches that
    // were waiting for more input.
    t.finishTransliteration(rsource, index);
    log.append(" => ").append(rsource);

    expectAux(t.getID() + ":Keyboard", log,
              rsource == expectedResult,
              expectedResult);
}

    
/**
 * @param appendTo result is appended to this param.
 * @param input the string being transliterated
 * @param pos the index struct
 */
UnicodeString& TransliteratorTest::formatInput(UnicodeString &appendTo,
                                               const UnicodeString& input,
                                               const UTransPosition& pos) {
    // Output a string of the form aaa{bbb|ccc|ddd}eee, where
    // the {} indicate the context start and limit, and the ||
    // indicate the start and limit.
    if (0 <= pos.contextStart &&
        pos.contextStart <= pos.start &&
        pos.start <= pos.limit &&
        pos.limit <= pos.contextLimit &&
        pos.contextLimit <= input.length()) {

        UnicodeString a, b, c, d, e;
        input.extractBetween(0, pos.contextStart, a);
        input.extractBetween(pos.contextStart, pos.start, b);
        input.extractBetween(pos.start, pos.limit, c);
        input.extractBetween(pos.limit, pos.contextLimit, d);
        input.extractBetween(pos.contextLimit, input.length(), e);
        appendTo.append(a).append((UChar)123/*{*/).append(b).
            append((UChar)PIPE).append(c).append((UChar)PIPE).append(d).
            append((UChar)125/*}*/).append(e);
    } else {
        appendTo.append((UnicodeString)"INVALID UTransPosition {cs=" +
                        pos.contextStart + ", s=" + pos.start + ", l=" +
                        pos.limit + ", cl=" + pos.contextLimit + "} on " +
                        input);
    }
    return appendTo;
}

void TransliteratorTest::expectAux(const UnicodeString& tag,
                                   const UnicodeString& source,
                                   const UnicodeString& result,
                                   const UnicodeString& expectedResult) {
    expectAux(tag, source + " -> " + result,
              result == expectedResult,
              expectedResult);
}

void TransliteratorTest::expectAux(const UnicodeString& tag,
                                   const UnicodeString& summary, UBool pass,
                                   const UnicodeString& expectedResult) {
    if (pass) {
        logln(UnicodeString("(")+tag+") " + prettify(summary));
    } else {
        dataerrln(UnicodeString("FAIL: (")+tag+") "
              + prettify(summary)
              + ", expected " + prettify(expectedResult));
    }
}

#endif /* #if !UCONFIG_NO_TRANSLITERATION */