/**
 *******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (C) 2001-2004, International Business Machines Corporation and    *
 * others. All Rights Reserved.                                                *
 *******************************************************************************
 */
package com.ibm.icu.util;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.text.ChoiceFormat;
import java.text.ParsePosition;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.MissingResourceException;

import com.ibm.icu.impl.ICUResourceBundle;
import com.ibm.icu.impl.LocaleUtility;

/**
 * A class encapsulating a currency, as defined by ISO 4217.  A
 * <tt>Currency</tt> object can be created given a <tt>Locale</tt> or
 * given an ISO 4217 code.  Once created, the <tt>Currency</tt> object
 * can return various data necessary to its proper display:
 *
 * <ul><li>A display symbol, for a specific locale
 * <li>The number of fraction digits to display
 * <li>A rounding increment
 * </ul>
 *
 * The <tt>DecimalFormat</tt> class uses these data to display
 * currencies.
 *
 * <p>Note: This class deliberately resembles
 * <tt>java.util.Currency</tt> but it has a completely independent
 * implementation, and adds features not present in the JDK.
 * @author Alan Liu
 * @stable ICU 2.2
 */
public class Currency extends MeasureUnit implements Serializable {

    /**
     * ISO 4217 3-letter code.
     */
    private String isoCode;

    /**
     * Selector for getName() indicating a symbolic name for a
     * currency, such as "$" for USD.
     * @draft ICU 2.6
     */
    public static final int SYMBOL_NAME = 0;

    /**
     * Selector for ucurr_getName indicating the long name for a
     * currency, such as "US Dollar" for USD.
     * @draft ICU 2.6
     */
    public static final int LONG_NAME = 1;

    // begin registry stuff 

    // shim for service code
    /* package */ static abstract class ServiceShim {
        abstract Locale[] getAvailableLocales();
        abstract Currency createInstance(Locale l);
        abstract Object registerInstance(Currency c, Locale l);
        abstract boolean unregister(Object f);
    }
    
    private static ServiceShim shim;
    private static ServiceShim getShim() {
        // Note: this instantiation is safe on loose-memory-model configurations
        // despite lack of synchronization, since the shim instance has no state--
        // it's all in the class init.  The worst problem is we might instantiate
        // two shim instances, but they'll share the same state so that's ok.
        if (shim == null) {
            try {
                Class cls = Class.forName("com.ibm.icu.util.CurrencyServiceShim");
                shim = (ServiceShim)cls.newInstance();
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
            }
        }
        return shim;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a currency object for the default currency in the given
     * locale.
     * @stable ICU 2.2
     */
    public static Currency getInstance(Locale locale) {
        if (shim == null) {
            return createCurrency(locale);
        }
        return shim.createInstance(locale);
    }

    /**
     * Instantiate a currency from a resource bundle found in Locale loc.
     */
    /* package */ static Currency createCurrency(Locale loc) {
        String country = loc.getCountry();
        String variant = loc.getVariant();
        if (variant.equals("PREEURO") || variant.equals("EURO")) {
            country = country + '_' + variant;
        }
        ICUResourceBundle bundle = (ICUResourceBundle)UResourceBundle.getBundleInstance(ICUResourceBundle.ICU_BASE_NAME,"root");
        ICUResourceBundle cm = bundle.get("CurrencyMap");

        // Do a linear search
        String curriso = null;
        try{
            curriso = cm.getString(country);
        }catch(MissingResourceException ex){
         //do nothing   
        }
        /*
        for (int i=0; i<cm.length; ++i) {
            if (country.equals((String) cm[i][0])) {
                curriso = (String) cm[i][1];
                break;
            }
        }
        */
        Currency curr = null;
        if (curriso != null) {
            curr = new Currency(curriso);

            // TODO: Determine valid and actual locale correctly.
            ULocale uloc = bundle.getULocale();
            curr.setLocale(uloc, uloc);
        }
        return curr;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a currency object given an ISO 4217 3-letter code.
     * @stable ICU 2.2
     */
    public static Currency getInstance(String theISOCode) {
        return new Currency(theISOCode);
    }

    /**
     * Registers a new currency for the provided locale.  The returned object
     * is a key that can be used to unregister this currency object.
     * @draft ICU 2.6
     */
    public static Object registerInstance(Currency currency, Locale locale) {
        return getShim().registerInstance(currency, locale);
    }

    /**
     * Unregister the currency associated with this key (obtained from
     * registerInstance).
     * @draft ICU 2.6
     */
    public static boolean unregister(Object registryKey) {
        if (registryKey == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("registryKey must not be null");
        }
        if (shim == null) {
            return false;
        }
        return shim.unregister(registryKey);
    }

    /**
     * Return an array of the locales for which a currency
     * is defined.
     * @stable ICU 2.2
     */
    public static Locale[] getAvailableLocales() {
        if (shim == null) {
            return ICUResourceBundle.getAvailableLocales(ICUResourceBundle.ICU_BASE_NAME);
        } else {
            return shim.getAvailableLocales();
        }
    }

    // end registry stuff

    /**
     * Return a hashcode for this currency.
     * @stable ICU 2.2
     */
    public int hashCode() {
        return isoCode.hashCode();
    }

    /**
     * Return true if rhs is a Currency instance, 
     * is non-null, and has the same currency code.
     * @stable ICU 2.2
     */
    public boolean equals(Object rhs) {
        if (rhs == null) return false;
        if (rhs == this) return true;
        try {
            Currency c = (Currency) rhs;
            return isoCode.equals(c.isoCode);
        }
        catch (ClassCastException e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the ISO 4217 3-letter code for this currency object.
     * @stable ICU 2.2
     */
    public String getCurrencyCode() {
        return isoCode;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the display name for the given currency in the
     * given locale.  For example, the display name for the USD
     * currency object in the en_US locale is "$".
     * @param locale locale in which to display currency
     * @param nameStyle selector for which kind of name to return
     * @param isChoiceFormat fill-in; isChoiceFormat[0] is set to true
     * if the returned value is a ChoiceFormat pattern; otherwise it
     * is set to false
     * @return display string for this currency.  If the resource data
     * contains no entry for this currency, then the ISO 4217 code is
     * returned.  If isChoiceFormat[0] is true, then the result is a
     * ChoiceFormat pattern.  Otherwise it is a static string.
     * @draft ICU 2.6
     */
    public String getName(Locale locale,
                          int nameStyle,
                          boolean[] isChoiceFormat) {

        // Look up the Currencies resource for the given locale.  The
        // Currencies locale data looks like this:
        //|en {
        //|  Currencies { 
        //|    USD { "US$", "US Dollar" }
        //|    CHF { "Sw F", "Swiss Franc" }
        //|    INR { "=0#Rs|1#Re|1<Rs", "=0#Rupees|1#Rupee|1<Rupees" }
        //|    //...
        //|  }
        //|}

        if (nameStyle < 0 || nameStyle > 1) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
    
        // In the future, resource bundles may implement multi-level
        // fallback.  That is, if a currency is not found in the en_US
        // Currencies data, then the en Currencies data will be searched.
        // Currently, if a Currencies datum exists in en_US and en, the
        // en_US entry hides that in en.

        // We want multi-level fallback for this resource, so we implement
        // it manually.

        String s = null;

        // Multi-level resource inheritance fallback loop
        while (locale != null) {
            ICUResourceBundle rb = (ICUResourceBundle)UResourceBundle.getBundleInstance(ICUResourceBundle.ICU_BASE_NAME,locale);
            // We can't cast this to String[][]; the cast has to happen later
            try {
                ICUResourceBundle currencies = rb.get("Currencies");
                s = currencies.get(isoCode).getString(0);
                /*
                Object[][] currencies = (Object[][]) rb.getObject("Currencies");
                // Do a linear search
                for (int i=0; i<currencies.length; ++i) {
                    if (isoCode.equals((String) currencies[i][0])) {
                        s = ((String[]) currencies[i][1])[nameStyle];
                        break;
                    }
                } 
                */               
            }
            catch (MissingResourceException e) {}

            // If we've succeeded we're done.  Otherwise, try to fallback.
            // If that fails (because we are already at root) then exit.
            if (s != null) {
                break;
            }
            locale = LocaleUtility.fallback(locale);
        }

        // Determine if this is a ChoiceFormat pattern.  One leading mark
        // indicates a ChoiceFormat.  Two indicates a static string that
        // starts with a mark.  In either case, the first mark is ignored,
        // if present.  Marks in the rest of the string have no special
        // meaning.
        isChoiceFormat[0] = false;
        if (s != null) {
            int i=0;
            while (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '=' && i < 2) {
                ++i;
            }
            isChoiceFormat[0]= (i == 1);
            if (i != 0) {
                // Skip over first mark
                s = s.substring(1);
            }
            return s;
        }

        // If we fail to find a match, use the ISO 4217 code
        return isoCode;        
    }

    /**
     * Attempt to parse the given string as a currency, either as a
     * display name in the given locale, or as a 3-letter ISO 4217
     * code.  If multiple display names match, then the longest one is
     * selected.  If both a display name and a 3-letter ISO code
     * match, then the display name is preferred, unless it's length
     * is less than 3.
     *
     * @param locale the locale of the display names to match
     * @param text the text to parse
     * @param pos input-output position; on input, the position within
     * text to match; must have 0 <= pos.getIndex() < text.length();
     * on output, the position after the last matched character. If
     * the parse fails, the position in unchanged upon output.
     * @return the ISO 4217 code, as a string, of the best match, or
     * null if there is no match
     *
     * @internal
     */
    public static String parse(Locale locale, String text, ParsePosition pos) {

        // TODO: There is a slight problem with the pseudo-multi-level
        // fallback implemented here.  More-specific locales don't
        // properly shield duplicate entries in less-specific locales.
        // This problem will go away when real multi-level fallback is
        // implemented.  We could also fix this by recording (in a
        // hash) which codes are used at each level of fallback, but
        // this doesn't seem warranted.

        int start = pos.getIndex();
        String fragment = text.substring(start);

        String iso = null;
        int max = 0;

        // Look up the Currencies resource for the given locale.  The
        // Currencies locale data looks like this:
        //|en {
        //|  Currencies { 
        //|    USD { "US$", "US Dollar" }
        //|    CHF { "Sw F", "Swiss Franc" }
        //|    INR { "=0#Rs|1#Re|1<Rs", "=0#Rupees|1#Rupee|1<Rupees" }
        //|    //...
        //|  }
        //|}

        // In the future, resource bundles may implement multi-level
        // fallback.  That is, if a currency is not found in the en_US
        // Currencies data, then the en Currencies data will be searched.
        // Currently, if a Currencies datum exists in en_US and en, the
        // en_US entry hides that in en.

        // We want multi-level fallback for this resource, so we implement
        // it manually.

        // Multi-level resource inheritance fallback loop
        
        while (locale != null) {
            ICUResourceBundle rb = (ICUResourceBundle)UResourceBundle.getBundleInstance(ICUResourceBundle.ICU_BASE_NAME,locale);
            // We can't cast this to String[][]; the cast has to happen later
           
            try {
                ICUResourceBundle currencies = rb.get("Currencies");
                // Do a linear search
                for (int i=0; i<currencies.getSize(); ++i) {
                    //String name = ((String[]) currencies[i][1])[0];
                    ICUResourceBundle item = currencies.get(i); 
                    String name = item.getString(0);
                    if (name.length() < 1) {
                        // Ignore zero-length names -- later, change this
                        // when zero-length is used to mean something.
                        continue;
                    } else if (name.charAt(0) == '=') {
                        name = name.substring(1);
                        if (name.length() > 0 && name.charAt(0) != '=') {
                            ChoiceFormat choice = new ChoiceFormat(name);
                            // Number n = 
                            choice.parse(text, pos);
                            int len = pos.getIndex() - start;
                            if (len > max) {
                                iso = item.getKey();
                                max = len;
                            }
                            pos.setIndex(start);
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    if (name.length() > max && fragment.startsWith(name)) {
                        iso = item.getKey();
                        max = name.length();
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (MissingResourceException e) {}

            locale = LocaleUtility.fallback(locale);
        }
        
        /*  
        1. Look at the Currencies array from the locale
            1a. Iterate through it, and check each row to see if row[1] matches
                1a1. If row[1] is a pattern, use ChoiceFormat to attempt a parse
            1b. Upon a match, return the ISO code stored at row[0]
        2. If there is no match, fall back to "en" and try again
        3. If there is no match, fall back to root and try again
        4. If still no match, parse 3-letter ISO {this code is probably unchanged}.
        
        ICUResourceBundle rb = (ICUResourceBundle)UResourceBundle.getBundleInstance(UResourceBundle.ICU_BASE_NAME,locale);        
        ICUResourceBundle currencies = rb.get("Currencies");
        */
        // If display name parse fails or if it matches fewer than 3
        // characters, try to parse 3-letter ISO.  Do this after the
        // display name processing so 3-letter display names are
        // preferred.  Consider /[A-Z]{3}/ to be valid ISO, and parse
        // it manually--UnicodeSet/regex are too slow and heavy.
        if (max < 3 && (text.length() - start) >= 3) {
            boolean valid = true;
            for (int k=0; k<3; ++k) {
                char ch = text.charAt(start + k); // 16-bit ok
                if (ch < 'A' || ch > 'Z') {
                    valid = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (valid) {
                iso = text.substring(start, start+3);
                max = 3;
            }
        }
        
    	pos.setIndex(start + max);
        return iso;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of the number of fraction digits that should
     * be displayed for this currency.
     * @return a non-negative number of fraction digits to be
     * displayed
     * @stable ICU 2.2
     */
    public int getDefaultFractionDigits() {
        return (findData())[0];
    }

    /**
     * Returns the rounding increment for this currency, or 0.0 if no
     * rounding is done by this currency.
     * @return the non-negative rounding increment, or 0.0 if none
     * @stable ICU 2.2
     */
    public double getRoundingIncrement() {
        int[] data = findData();

        int data1 = data[1]; // rounding increment

        // If there is no rounding return 0.0 to indicate no rounding.
        // This is the high-runner case, by far.
        if (data1 == 0) {
            return 0.0;
        }

        int data0 = data[0]; // fraction digits

        // If the meta data is invalid, return 0.0 to indicate no rounding.
        if (data0 < 0 || data0 >= POW10.length) {
            return 0.0;
        }

        // Return data[1] / 10^(data[0]).  The only actual rounding data,
        // as of this writing, is CHF { 2, 25 }.
        return (double) data1 / POW10[data0];
    }

    /**
     * Returns the ISO 4217 code for this currency.
     * @stable ICU 2.2
     */
    public String toString() {
        return isoCode;
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a currency object for the given ISO 4217 3-letter
     * code.  This constructor assumes that the code is valid.
     */
    private Currency(String theISOCode) {
        isoCode = theISOCode;
    }

    /**
     * Internal function to look up currency data.  Result is an array of
     * two Integers.  The first is the fraction digits.  The second is the
     * rounding increment, or 0 if none.  The rounding increment is in
     * units of 10^(-fraction_digits).
     */
    private int[] findData() {

        try {
            // Get CurrencyMeta resource out of root locale file.  [This may
            // move out of the root locale file later; if it does, update this
            // code.]
            ICUResourceBundle root = (ICUResourceBundle)UResourceBundle.getBundleInstance(ICUResourceBundle.ICU_BASE_NAME,"root");
            ICUResourceBundle currencyMeta = root.get("CurrencyMeta");

            //Integer[] i = null;
            //int defaultPos = -1;
            int[] i = currencyMeta.get(isoCode).getIntVector();
            
            // Do a linear search for isoCode.  At the same time,
            // record the position of the DEFAULT meta data.  If the
            // meta data becomes large, make this faster.
            /*for (int j=0; j<currencyMeta.length; ++j) {
                Object[] row = currencyMeta[j];
                String s = (String) row[0];
                int c = isoCode.compareToIgnoreCase(s);
                if (c == 0) {
                    i = (Integer[]) row[1];
                    break;
                }
                if ("DEFAULT".equalsIgnoreCase(s)) {
                    defaultPos = j;
                }
                if (c < 0 && defaultPos >= 0) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            */
            if (i == null) {
                i = currencyMeta.get("DEFAULT").getIntVector();
            }

            if (i != null && i.length >= 2) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        catch (MissingResourceException e) {}

        // Config/build error; return hard-coded defaults
        return LAST_RESORT_DATA;
    }

    // Default currency meta data of last resort.  We try to use the
    // defaults encoded in the meta data resource bundle.  If there is a
    // configuration/build error and these are not available, we use these
    // hard-coded defaults (which should be identical).
    private static final int[] LAST_RESORT_DATA = new int[] { 2, 0 };

    // POW10[i] = 10^i
    private static final int[] POW10 = { 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000,
                                1000000, 10000000, 100000000, 1000000000 };

    // -------- BEGIN ULocale boilerplate --------

    /**
     * Return the locale that was used to create this object, or null.
     * This may may differ from the locale requested at the time of
     * this object's creation.  For example, if an object is created
     * for locale <tt>en_US_CALIFORNIA</tt>, the actual data may be
     * drawn from <tt>en</tt> (the <i>actual</i> locale), and
     * <tt>en_US</tt> may be the most specific locale that exists (the
     * <i>valid</i> locale).
     *
     * <p>Note: This method will be implemented in ICU 3.0; ICU 2.8
     * contains a partial preview implementation.  The * <i>actual</i>
     * locale is returned correctly, but the <i>valid</i> locale is
     * not, in most cases.
     * @param type type of information requested, either {@link
     * com.ibm.icu.util.ULocale#VALID_LOCALE} or {@link
     * com.ibm.icu.util.ULocale#ACTUAL_LOCALE}.
     * @return the information specified by <i>type</i>, or null if
     * this object was not constructed from locale data.
     * @see com.ibm.icu.util.ULocale
     * @see com.ibm.icu.util.ULocale#VALID_LOCALE
     * @see com.ibm.icu.util.ULocale#ACTUAL_LOCALE
     * @draft ICU 2.8
     */
    public final ULocale getLocale(ULocale.Type type) {
        return type == ULocale.ACTUAL_LOCALE ?
            this.actualLocale : this.validLocale;
    }

    /**
     * Set information about the locales that were used to create this
     * object.  If the object was not constructed from locale data,
     * both arguments should be set to null.  Otherwise, neither
     * should be null.  The actual locale must be at the same level or
     * less specific than the valid locale.  This method is intended
     * for use by factories or other entities that create objects of
     * this class.
     * @param valid the most specific locale containing any resource
     * data, or null
     * @param actual the locale containing data used to construct this
     * object, or null
     * @see com.ibm.icu.util.ULocale
     * @see com.ibm.icu.util.ULocale#VALID_LOCALE
     * @see com.ibm.icu.util.ULocale#ACTUAL_LOCALE
     * @internal
     */
    final void setLocale(ULocale valid, ULocale actual) {
        // Change the following to an assertion later
        if ((valid == null) != (actual == null)) {
            ///CLOVER:OFF
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
            ///CLOVER:ON
        }
        // Another check we could do is that the actual locale is at
        // the same level or less specific than the valid locale.
        this.validLocale = valid;
        this.actualLocale = actual;
    }

    /**
     * The most specific locale containing any resource data, or null.
     * @see com.ibm.icu.util.ULocale
     * @internal
     */
    private ULocale validLocale;

    /**
     * The locale containing data used to construct this object, or
     * null.
     * @see com.ibm.icu.util.ULocale
     * @internal
     */
    private ULocale actualLocale;

    // -------- END ULocale boilerplate --------
}

//eof