/**
*******************************************************************************
* Copyright (C) 1996-2003, International Business Machines Corporation and    *
* others. All Rights Reserved.                                                *
*******************************************************************************
*
* $Source: /xsrl/Nsvn/icu/icu4j/src/com/ibm/icu/dev/test/lang/UCharacterCaseTest.java,v $
* $Date: 2003/06/09 23:15:00 $ 
* $Revision: 1.12 $
*
*******************************************************************************
*/


package com.ibm.icu.dev.test.lang;


import com.ibm.icu.dev.test.TestFmwk;
import com.ibm.icu.dev.test.TestUtil;
import com.ibm.icu.lang.UCharacter;
import com.ibm.icu.text.UTF16;
import com.ibm.icu.text.BreakIterator;
import com.ibm.icu.impl.Utility;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.util.Vector;


/**
* <p>Testing character casing</p>
* <p>Mostly following the test cases in strcase.cpp for ICU</p>
* @author Syn Wee Quek
* @since march 14 2002
*/
public final class UCharacterCaseTest extends TestFmwk
{
    // constructor -----------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Constructor
     */
    public UCharacterCaseTest()
    {
    }

    // public methods --------------------------------------------------------

    public static void main(String[] arg)
    {
        try
        {
            UCharacterCaseTest test = new UCharacterCaseTest();
            test.run(arg);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Testing the uppercase and lowercase function of UCharacter
     */
    public void TestCharacter()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < CHARACTER_LOWER_.length; i ++) {
            if (UCharacter.isLetter(CHARACTER_LOWER_[i]) &&
                !UCharacter.isLowerCase(CHARACTER_LOWER_[i])) {
                errln("FAIL isLowerCase test for \\u" +
                      hex(CHARACTER_LOWER_[i]));
                break;
            }
            if (UCharacter.isLetter(CHARACTER_UPPER_[i]) &&
                !(UCharacter.isUpperCase(CHARACTER_UPPER_[i]) ||
                  UCharacter.isTitleCase(CHARACTER_UPPER_[i]))) {
                errln("FAIL isUpperCase test for \\u" +
                      hex(CHARACTER_UPPER_[i]));
                break;
            }
            if (CHARACTER_LOWER_[i] !=
                UCharacter.toLowerCase(CHARACTER_UPPER_[i]) ||
                (CHARACTER_UPPER_[i] !=
                UCharacter.toUpperCase(CHARACTER_LOWER_[i]) &&
                CHARACTER_UPPER_[i] !=
                UCharacter.toTitleCase(CHARACTER_LOWER_[i]))) {
                errln("FAIL case conversion test for \\u" +
                      hex(CHARACTER_UPPER_[i]) +
                      " to \\u" + hex(CHARACTER_LOWER_[i]));
                break;
            }
            if (CHARACTER_LOWER_[i] !=
                UCharacter.toLowerCase(CHARACTER_LOWER_[i])) {
                errln("FAIL lower case conversion test for \\u" +
                      hex(CHARACTER_LOWER_[i]));
                break;
            }
            if (CHARACTER_UPPER_[i] !=
                UCharacter.toUpperCase(CHARACTER_UPPER_[i]) &&
                CHARACTER_UPPER_[i] !=
                UCharacter.toTitleCase(CHARACTER_UPPER_[i])) {
                errln("FAIL upper case conversion test for \\u" +
                      hex(CHARACTER_UPPER_[i]));
                break;
            }
            logln("Ok    \\u" + hex(CHARACTER_UPPER_[i]) + " and \\u" +
                  hex(CHARACTER_LOWER_[i]));
        }
    }

    public void TestFolding()
    {
        // test simple case folding
        for (int i = 0; i < FOLDING_SIMPLE_.length; i += 3) {
            if (UCharacter.foldCase(FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i], true) !=
                FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i + 1]) {
                errln("FAIL: foldCase(\\u" + hex(FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i]) +
                      ", true) should be \\u" + hex(FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i + 1]));
            }
            if (UCharacter.foldCase(FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i], 
                                    UCharacter.FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT) !=
                                                      FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i + 1]) {
                errln("FAIL: foldCase(\\u" + hex(FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i]) +
                      ", UCharacter.FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT) should be \\u" 
                      + hex(FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i + 1]));
            }
            if (UCharacter.foldCase(FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i], false) !=
                FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i + 2]) {
                errln("FAIL: foldCase(\\u" + hex(FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i]) +
                      ", false) should be \\u" + hex(FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i + 2]));
            }
            if (UCharacter.foldCase(FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i], 
                                    UCharacter.FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I) !=
                                    FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i + 2]) {
                errln("FAIL: foldCase(\\u" + hex(FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i]) +
                      ", UCharacter.FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I) should be \\u" 
                      + hex(FOLDING_SIMPLE_[i + 2]));
            }
        }

        // Test full string case folding with default option and separate
        // buffers
        if (!FOLDING_DEFAULT_[0].equals(UCharacter.foldCase(FOLDING_MIXED_[0],
                                                            true))) {
            errln("FAIL: foldCase(" + hex(FOLDING_MIXED_[0]) +
                  ", true) should be " + FOLDING_DEFAULT_[0]);
        }
        
        if (!FOLDING_DEFAULT_[0].equals(UCharacter.foldCase(FOLDING_MIXED_[0],
                                                            UCharacter.FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT))) {
                    errln("FAIL: foldCase(" + hex(FOLDING_MIXED_[0]) +
                          ", UCharacter.FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT) should be " 
                          + FOLDING_DEFAULT_[0]);
                }

        if (!FOLDING_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I_[0].equals(
                            UCharacter.foldCase(FOLDING_MIXED_[0], false))) {
            errln("FAIL: foldCase(" + hex(FOLDING_MIXED_[0]) +
                  ", false) should be " + FOLDING_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I_[0]);
        }
        
        if (!FOLDING_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I_[0].equals(
                                    UCharacter.foldCase(FOLDING_MIXED_[0], 
                                    UCharacter.FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I))) {
            errln("FAIL: foldCase(" + hex(FOLDING_MIXED_[0]) +
                  ", UCharacter.FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I) should be " 
                  + FOLDING_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I_[0]);
        }

        if (!FOLDING_DEFAULT_[1].equals(UCharacter.foldCase(FOLDING_MIXED_[1],
                                                            true))) {
           errln("FAIL: foldCase(" + hex(FOLDING_MIXED_[1]) +
                 ", true) should be " + hex(FOLDING_DEFAULT_[1]));
        }

        if (!FOLDING_DEFAULT_[1].equals(UCharacter.foldCase(FOLDING_MIXED_[1],
                                                            UCharacter.FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT))) {
            errln("FAIL: foldCase(" + hex(FOLDING_MIXED_[1]) +
                         ", UCharacter.FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT) should be " 
                         + hex(FOLDING_DEFAULT_[1]));
        }
        
        // alternate handling for dotted I/dotless i (U+0130, U+0131)
        if (!FOLDING_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I_[1].equals(
                        UCharacter.foldCase(FOLDING_MIXED_[1], false))) {
            errln("FAIL: foldCase(" + hex(FOLDING_MIXED_[1]) +
                  ", false) should be " + hex(FOLDING_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I_[1]));
        }
        
        if (!FOLDING_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I_[1].equals(
                                UCharacter.foldCase(FOLDING_MIXED_[1], 
                                UCharacter.FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I))) {
            errln("FAIL: foldCase(" + hex(FOLDING_MIXED_[1]) +
                  ", UCharacter.FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I) should be "
                  + hex(FOLDING_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I_[1]));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Testing the strings case mapping methods
     */
    public void TestUpper()
    {
        // uppercase with root locale and in the same buffer
        if (!UPPER_ROOT_.equals(UCharacter.toUpperCase(UPPER_BEFORE_))) {
            errln("Fail " + UPPER_BEFORE_ + " after uppercase should be " +
                  UPPER_ROOT_ + " instead got " +
                  UCharacter.toUpperCase(UPPER_BEFORE_));
        }

        // uppercase with turkish locale and separate buffers
        if (!UPPER_TURKISH_.equals(UCharacter.toUpperCase(TURKISH_LOCALE_,
                                                         UPPER_BEFORE_))) {
            errln("Fail " + UPPER_BEFORE_ +
                  " after turkish-sensitive uppercase should be " +
                  UPPER_TURKISH_ + " instead of " +
                  UCharacter.toUpperCase(TURKISH_LOCALE_, UPPER_BEFORE_));
        }

        // uppercase a short string with root locale
        if (!UPPER_MINI_UPPER_.equals(UCharacter.toUpperCase(UPPER_MINI_))) {
            errln("error in toUpper(root locale)=\"" + UPPER_MINI_ +
                  "\" expected \"" + UPPER_MINI_UPPER_ + "\"");
        }

        if (!SHARED_UPPERCASE_TOPKAP_.equals(
                       UCharacter.toUpperCase(SHARED_LOWERCASE_TOPKAP_))) {
            errln("toUpper failed: expected \"" +
                  SHARED_UPPERCASE_TOPKAP_ + "\", got \"" +
                  UCharacter.toUpperCase(SHARED_LOWERCASE_TOPKAP_) + "\".");
        }

        if (!SHARED_UPPERCASE_TURKISH_.equals(
                  UCharacter.toUpperCase(TURKISH_LOCALE_,
                                         SHARED_LOWERCASE_TOPKAP_))) {
            errln("toUpper failed: expected \"" +
                  SHARED_UPPERCASE_TURKISH_ + "\", got \"" +
                  UCharacter.toUpperCase(TURKISH_LOCALE_,
                                     SHARED_LOWERCASE_TOPKAP_) + "\".");
        }

        if (!SHARED_UPPERCASE_GERMAN_.equals(
                UCharacter.toUpperCase(GERMAN_LOCALE_,
                                       SHARED_LOWERCASE_GERMAN_))) {
            errln("toUpper failed: expected \"" + SHARED_UPPERCASE_GERMAN_
                  + "\", got \"" + UCharacter.toUpperCase(GERMAN_LOCALE_,
                                        SHARED_LOWERCASE_GERMAN_) + "\".");
        }

        if (!SHARED_UPPERCASE_GREEK_.equals(
                UCharacter.toUpperCase(SHARED_LOWERCASE_GREEK_))) {
            errln("toLower failed: expected \"" + SHARED_UPPERCASE_GREEK_ +
                  "\", got \"" + UCharacter.toUpperCase(
                                        SHARED_LOWERCASE_GREEK_) + "\".");
        }
    }

    public void TestLower()
    {
        if (!LOWER_ROOT_.equals(UCharacter.toLowerCase(LOWER_BEFORE_))) {
            errln("Fail " + LOWER_BEFORE_ + " after lowercase should be " +
                  LOWER_ROOT_ + " instead of " +
                  UCharacter.toLowerCase(LOWER_BEFORE_));
        }

        // lowercase with turkish locale
        if (!LOWER_TURKISH_.equals(UCharacter.toLowerCase(TURKISH_LOCALE_,
                                                          LOWER_BEFORE_))) {
            errln("Fail " + LOWER_BEFORE_ +
                  " after turkish-sensitive lowercase should be " +
                  LOWER_TURKISH_ + " instead of " +
                  UCharacter.toLowerCase(TURKISH_LOCALE_, LOWER_BEFORE_));
        }
        if (!SHARED_LOWERCASE_ISTANBUL_.equals(
                     UCharacter.toLowerCase(SHARED_UPPERCASE_ISTANBUL_))) {
            errln("1. toLower failed: expected \"" +
                  SHARED_LOWERCASE_ISTANBUL_ + "\", got \"" +
              UCharacter.toLowerCase(SHARED_UPPERCASE_ISTANBUL_) + "\".");
        }

        if (!SHARED_LOWERCASE_TURKISH_.equals(
                UCharacter.toLowerCase(TURKISH_LOCALE_,
                                       SHARED_UPPERCASE_ISTANBUL_))) {
            errln("2. toLower failed: expected \"" +
                  SHARED_LOWERCASE_TURKISH_ + "\", got \"" +
                  UCharacter.toLowerCase(TURKISH_LOCALE_,
                                SHARED_UPPERCASE_ISTANBUL_) + "\".");
        }
        if (!SHARED_LOWERCASE_GREEK_.equals(
                UCharacter.toLowerCase(GREEK_LOCALE_,
                                       SHARED_UPPERCASE_GREEK_))) {
            errln("toLower failed: expected \"" + SHARED_LOWERCASE_GREEK_ +
                  "\", got \"" + UCharacter.toLowerCase(GREEK_LOCALE_,
                                        SHARED_UPPERCASE_GREEK_) + "\".");
        }
    }

    public void TestTitle()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < TITLE_BREAKITERATORS_.length; i ++) {
            String test = TITLE_DATA_[i << 1];
            String expected = TITLE_DATA_[(i << 1) + 1];
            if (!expected.equals(
                UCharacter.toTitleCase(test,
                                       TITLE_BREAKITERATORS_[i]))) {
                errln("error: titlecasing for " + hex(test) + " should be " +
                      hex(expected) + " but got " +
                      hex(UCharacter.toTitleCase(test,
                                                 TITLE_BREAKITERATORS_[i])));
            }
        }
    }

    public void TestSpecial()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < SPECIAL_LOCALES_.length; i ++) {
            int    j      = i * 3;
            Locale locale = SPECIAL_LOCALES_[i];
            String str    = SPECIAL_DATA_[j];
            if (locale != null) {
                if (!SPECIAL_DATA_[j + 1].equals(
                     UCharacter.toLowerCase(locale, str))) {
                    errln("error lowercasing special characters " +
                        hex(str) + " expected " + hex(SPECIAL_DATA_[j + 1])
                        + " for locale " + locale.toString() + " but got " +
                        hex(UCharacter.toLowerCase(locale, str)));
                }
                if (!SPECIAL_DATA_[j + 2].equals(
                     UCharacter.toUpperCase(locale, str))) {
                    errln("error uppercasing special characters " +
                        hex(str) + " expected " + SPECIAL_DATA_[j + 2]
                        + " for locale " + locale.toString() + " but got " +
                        hex(UCharacter.toUpperCase(locale, str)));
                }
            }
            else {
                if (!SPECIAL_DATA_[j + 1].equals(
                     UCharacter.toLowerCase(str))) {
                    errln("error lowercasing special characters " +
                        hex(str) + " expected " + SPECIAL_DATA_[j + 1] +
                        " but got " +
                        hex(UCharacter.toLowerCase(locale, str)));
                }
                if (!SPECIAL_DATA_[j + 2].equals(
                     UCharacter.toUpperCase(locale, str))) {
                    errln("error uppercasing special characters " +
                        hex(str) + " expected " + SPECIAL_DATA_[j + 2] +
                        " but got " +
                        hex(UCharacter.toUpperCase(locale, str)));
                }
            }
        }

        // turkish & azerbaijani dotless i & dotted I
        // remove dot above if there was a capital I before and there are no
        // more accents above
        if (!SPECIAL_DOTTED_LOWER_TURKISH_.equals(UCharacter.toLowerCase(
                                        TURKISH_LOCALE_, SPECIAL_DOTTED_))) {
            errln("error in dots.toLower(tr)=\"" + SPECIAL_DOTTED_ +
                  "\" expected \"" + SPECIAL_DOTTED_LOWER_TURKISH_ +
                  "\" but got " + UCharacter.toLowerCase(TURKISH_LOCALE_,
                                                         SPECIAL_DOTTED_));
        }
        if (!SPECIAL_DOTTED_LOWER_GERMAN_.equals(UCharacter.toLowerCase(
                                             GERMAN_LOCALE_, SPECIAL_DOTTED_))) {
            errln("error in dots.toLower(de)=\"" + SPECIAL_DOTTED_ +
                  "\" expected \"" + SPECIAL_DOTTED_LOWER_GERMAN_ +
                  "\" but got " + UCharacter.toLowerCase(GERMAN_LOCALE_,
                                                         SPECIAL_DOTTED_));
        }

        // lithuanian dot above in uppercasing
        if (!SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_UPPER_LITHUANIAN_.equals(
             UCharacter.toUpperCase(LITHUANIAN_LOCALE_, SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_))) {
            errln("error in dots.toUpper(lt)=\"" + SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_ +
                  "\" expected \"" + SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_UPPER_LITHUANIAN_ +
                  "\" but got " + UCharacter.toUpperCase(LITHUANIAN_LOCALE_,
                                                         SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_));
        }
        if (!SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_UPPER_GERMAN_.equals(UCharacter.toUpperCase(
                                        GERMAN_LOCALE_, SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_))) {
            errln("error in dots.toUpper(de)=\"" + SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_ +
                  "\" expected \"" + SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_UPPER_GERMAN_ +
                  "\" but got " + UCharacter.toUpperCase(GERMAN_LOCALE_,
                                                         SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_));
        }

        // lithuanian adds dot above to i in lowercasing if there are more
        // above accents
        if (!SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_LOWER_LITHUANIAN_.equals(
            UCharacter.toLowerCase(LITHUANIAN_LOCALE_,
                                   SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_UPPER_))) {
            errln("error in dots.toLower(lt)=\"" + SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_UPPER_ +
                  "\" expected \"" + SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_LOWER_LITHUANIAN_ +
                  "\" but got " + UCharacter.toLowerCase(LITHUANIAN_LOCALE_,
                                                   SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_UPPER_));
        }
        if (!SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_LOWER_GERMAN_.equals(
            UCharacter.toLowerCase(GERMAN_LOCALE_,
                                   SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_UPPER_))) {
            errln("error in dots.toLower(de)=\"" + SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_UPPER_ +
                  "\" expected \"" + SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_LOWER_GERMAN_ +
                  "\" but got " + UCharacter.toLowerCase(GERMAN_LOCALE_,
                                                   SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_UPPER_));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Tests for case mapping in the file SpecialCasing.txt
     * This method reads in SpecialCasing.txt file for testing purposes.
     * A default path is provided relative to the src path, however the user
     * could set a system property to change the directory path.<br>
     * e.g. java -DUnicodeData="data_dir_path" com.ibm.dev.test.lang.UCharacterTest
     */
    public void TestSpecialCasingTxt()
    {
        try
        {
            // reading in the SpecialCasing file
            BufferedReader input = TestUtil.getDataReader(
                                                  "unicode/SpecialCasing.txt");
            while (true)
            {
                String s = input.readLine();
                if (s == null) {
                    break;
                }
                if (s.length() == 0 || s.charAt(0) == '#') {
                    continue;
                }

                String chstr[] = getUnicodeStrings(s);
                StringBuffer strbuffer   = new StringBuffer(chstr[0]);
                StringBuffer lowerbuffer = new StringBuffer(chstr[1]);
                StringBuffer upperbuffer = new StringBuffer(chstr[3]);
                Locale locale = null;
                for (int i = 4; i < chstr.length; i ++) {
                    String condition = chstr[i];
                    if (Character.isLowerCase(chstr[i].charAt(0))) {
                        // specified locale
                        locale = new Locale(chstr[i], "");
                    }
                    else if (condition.compareToIgnoreCase("Not_Before_Dot")
                                                      == 0) {
                        // turns I into dotless i
                    }
                    else if (condition.compareToIgnoreCase(
                                                      "More_Above") == 0) {
                            strbuffer.append((char)0x300);
                            lowerbuffer.append((char)0x300);
                            upperbuffer.append((char)0x300);
                    }
                    else if (condition.compareToIgnoreCase(
                                                "After_Soft_Dotted") == 0) {
                            strbuffer.insert(0, 'i');
                            lowerbuffer.insert(0, 'i');
                            String lang = "";
                            if (locale != null) {
                                lang = locale.getLanguage();
                            }
                            if (lang.equals("tr") || lang.equals("az")) {
                                // this is to be removed when 4.0 data comes out
                                // and upperbuffer.insert uncommented
                                // see jitterbug 2344
                                chstr[i] = "After_I";
                                strbuffer.deleteCharAt(0);
                                lowerbuffer.deleteCharAt(0);
                                i --;
                                continue;
                                // upperbuffer.insert(0, '\u0130');
                            }
                            else {
                                upperbuffer.insert(0, 'I');
                            }
                    }
                    else if (condition.compareToIgnoreCase(
                                                      "Final_Sigma") == 0) {
                            strbuffer.insert(0, 'c');
                            lowerbuffer.insert(0, 'c');
                            upperbuffer.insert(0, 'C');
                    }
                    else if (condition.compareToIgnoreCase("After_I") == 0) {
                            strbuffer.insert(0, 'I');
                            lowerbuffer.insert(0, 'i');
                            String lang = "";
                            if (locale != null) {
                                lang = locale.getLanguage();
                            }
                            if (lang.equals("tr") || lang.equals("az")) {
                                upperbuffer.insert(0, 'I');
                            }
                    }
                }
                chstr[0] = strbuffer.toString();
                chstr[1] = lowerbuffer.toString();
                chstr[3] = upperbuffer.toString();
                if (locale == null) {
                    if (!UCharacter.toLowerCase(chstr[0]).equals(chstr[1])) {
                        errln(s);
                        errln("Fail: toLowerCase for character " +
                              Utility.escape(chstr[0]) + ", expected "
                              + Utility.escape(chstr[1]) + " but resulted in " +
                              Utility.escape(UCharacter.toLowerCase(chstr[0])));
                    }
                    if (!UCharacter.toUpperCase(chstr[0]).equals(chstr[3])) {
                        errln(s);
                        errln("Fail: toUpperCase for character " +
                              Utility.escape(chstr[0]) + ", expected "
                              + Utility.escape(chstr[3]) + " but resulted in " +
                              Utility.escape(UCharacter.toUpperCase(chstr[0])));
                    }
                }
                else {
                    if (!UCharacter.toLowerCase(locale, chstr[0]).equals(
                                                                   chstr[1])) {
                        errln(s);
                        errln("Fail: toLowerCase for character " +
                              Utility.escape(chstr[0]) + ", expected "
                              + Utility.escape(chstr[1]) + " but resulted in " +
                              Utility.escape(UCharacter.toLowerCase(locale,
                                                                    chstr[0])));
                    }
                    if (!UCharacter.toUpperCase(locale, chstr[0]).equals(
                                                                   chstr[3])) {
                        errln(s);
                        errln("Fail: toUpperCase for character " +
                              Utility.escape(chstr[0]) + ", expected "
                              + Utility.escape(chstr[3]) + " but resulted in " +
                              Utility.escape(UCharacter.toUpperCase(locale,
                                                                    chstr[0])));
                    }
                }
            }
            input.close();
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void TestUpperLower()
    {
        int upper[] = {0x0041, 0x0042, 0x00b2, 0x01c4, 0x01c6, 0x01c9, 0x01c8,
                        0x01c9, 0x000c};
        int lower[] = {0x0061, 0x0062, 0x00b2, 0x01c6, 0x01c6, 0x01c9, 0x01c9,
                        0x01c9, 0x000c};
        String upperTest = "abcdefg123hij.?:klmno";
        String lowerTest = "ABCDEFG123HIJ.?:KLMNO";

        // Checks LetterLike Symbols which were previously a source of
        // confusion [Bertrand A. D. 02/04/98]
        for (int i = 0x2100; i < 0x2138; i ++) {
            if (i != 0x2126 && i != 0x212a && i != 0x212b) {
                if (i != UCharacter.toLowerCase(i)) { // itself
                    errln("Failed case conversion with itself: \\u"
                            + Utility.hex(i, 4));
                }
                if (i != UCharacter.toUpperCase(i)) {
                    errln("Failed case conversion with itself: \\u"
                            + Utility.hex(i, 4));
                }
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < upper.length; i ++) {
            if (UCharacter.toLowerCase(upper[i]) != lower[i]) {
                errln("FAILED UCharacter.tolower() for \\u"
                        + Utility.hex(upper[i], 4)
                        + " Expected \\u" + Utility.hex(lower[i], 4)
                        + " Got \\u"
                        + Utility.hex(UCharacter.toLowerCase(upper[i]), 4));
            }
        }
        logln("testing upper lower");
        for (int i = 0; i < upperTest.length(); i ++) {
            logln("testing to upper to lower");
            if (UCharacter.isLetter(upperTest.charAt(i)) &&
                !UCharacter.isLowerCase(upperTest.charAt(i))) {
                errln("Failed isLowerCase test at \\u"
                        + Utility.hex(upperTest.charAt(i), 4));
            }
            else if (UCharacter.isLetter(lowerTest.charAt(i))
                     && !UCharacter.isUpperCase(lowerTest.charAt(i))) {
                errln("Failed isUpperCase test at \\u"
                      + Utility.hex(lowerTest.charAt(i), 4));
            }
            else if (upperTest.charAt(i)
                            != UCharacter.toLowerCase(lowerTest.charAt(i))) {
                errln("Failed case conversion from \\u"
                        + Utility.hex(lowerTest.charAt(i), 4) + " To \\u"
                        + Utility.hex(upperTest.charAt(i), 4));
            }
            else if (lowerTest.charAt(i)
                    != UCharacter.toUpperCase(upperTest.charAt(i))) {
                errln("Failed case conversion : \\u"
                        + Utility.hex(upperTest.charAt(i), 4) + " To \\u"
                        + Utility.hex(lowerTest.charAt(i), 4));
            }
            else if (upperTest.charAt(i)
                    != UCharacter.toLowerCase(upperTest.charAt(i))) {
                errln("Failed case conversion with itself: \\u"
                        + Utility.hex(upperTest.charAt(i)));
            }
            else if (lowerTest.charAt(i)
                    != UCharacter.toUpperCase(lowerTest.charAt(i))) {
                errln("Failed case conversion with itself: \\u"
                        + Utility.hex(lowerTest.charAt(i)));
            }
        }
        logln("done testing upper Lower");
    }

    // private data members - test data --------------------------------------

    private static final Locale TURKISH_LOCALE_ = new Locale("tr", "TR");
    private static final Locale GERMAN_LOCALE_ = new Locale("de", "DE");
    private static final Locale GREEK_LOCALE_ = new Locale("el", "GR");
    private static final Locale ENGLISH_LOCALE_ = new Locale("en", "US");
    private static final Locale LITHUANIAN_LOCALE_ = new Locale("lt", "LT");

    private static final BreakIterator BREAKITERATOR_CHARACTER_ =
                                 BreakIterator.getCharacterInstance();
    private static final BreakIterator BREAKITERATOR_WORD_ =
                                 BreakIterator.getWordInstance();
    private static final BreakIterator BREAKITERATOR_TITLE_ =
                                 BreakIterator.getTitleInstance();

    private static final int CHARACTER_UPPER_[] =
                      {0x41, 0x0042, 0x0043, 0x0044, 0x0045, 0x0046, 0x0047,
                       0x00b1, 0x00b2, 0xb3, 0x0048, 0x0049, 0x004a, 0x002e,
                       0x003f, 0x003a, 0x004b, 0x004c, 0x4d, 0x004e, 0x004f,
                       0x01c4, 0x01c8, 0x000c, 0x0000};
    private static final int CHARACTER_LOWER_[] =
                      {0x61, 0x0062, 0x0063, 0x0064, 0x0065, 0x0066, 0x0067,
                       0x00b1, 0x00b2, 0xb3, 0x0068, 0x0069, 0x006a, 0x002e,
                       0x003f, 0x003a, 0x006b, 0x006c, 0x6d, 0x006e, 0x006f,
                       0x01c6, 0x01c9, 0x000c, 0x0000};

    private static final int FOLDING_SIMPLE_[] = {
        // input, default, exclude special i
        0x61,   0x61,  0x61,
        0x49,   0x69,  0x131,
        0x130,  0x69,  0x69,
        0x131,  0x131, 0x131,
        0xdf,   0xdf,  0xdf,
        0xfb03, 0xfb03, 0xfb03,
        0x1040e,0x10436,0x10436,
        0x5ffff,0x5ffff,0x5ffff
    };
    private static final String FOLDING_MIXED_[] =
                          {"\u0061\u0042\u0130\u0049\u0131\u03d0\u00df\ufb03\ud93f\udfff",
                           "A\u00df\u00b5\ufb03\uD801\uDC0C\u0130\u0131"};
    private static final String FOLDING_DEFAULT_[] =
         {"\u0061\u0062\u0069\u0307\u0069\u0131\u03b2\u0073\u0073\u0066\u0066\u0069\ud93f\udfff",
          "ass\u03bcffi\uD801\uDC34i\u0307\u0131"};
    private static final String FOLDING_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I_[] =
         {"\u0061\u0062\u0069\u0131\u0131\u03b2\u0073\u0073\u0066\u0066\u0069\ud93f\udfff",
          "ass\u03bcffi\uD801\uDC34i\u0131"};
    /**
     * "IESUS CHRISTOS"
     */
    private static final String SHARED_UPPERCASE_GREEK_ =
        "\u0399\u0395\u03a3\u03a5\u03a3\u0020\u03a7\u03a1\u0399\u03a3\u03a4\u039f\u03a3";
    /**
     * "iesus christos"
     */
    private static final String SHARED_LOWERCASE_GREEK_ =
        "\u03b9\u03b5\u03c3\u03c5\u03c2\u0020\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2";
    private static final String SHARED_LOWERCASE_TURKISH_ =
        "\u0069\u0073\u0074\u0061\u006e\u0062\u0075\u006c\u002c\u0020\u006e\u006f\u0074\u0020\u0063\u006f\u006e\u0073\u0074\u0061\u006e\u0074\u0131\u006e\u006f\u0070\u006c\u0065\u0021";
    private static final String SHARED_UPPERCASE_TURKISH_ =
        "\u0054\u004f\u0050\u004b\u0041\u0050\u0049\u0020\u0050\u0041\u004c\u0041\u0043\u0045\u002c\u0020\u0130\u0053\u0054\u0041\u004e\u0042\u0055\u004c";
    private static final String SHARED_UPPERCASE_ISTANBUL_ =
                                          "\u0130STANBUL, NOT CONSTANTINOPLE!";
    private static final String SHARED_LOWERCASE_ISTANBUL_ =
                                          "i\u0307stanbul, not constantinople!";
    private static final String SHARED_LOWERCASE_TOPKAP_ =
                                          "topkap\u0131 palace, istanbul";
    private static final String SHARED_UPPERCASE_TOPKAP_ =
                                          "TOPKAPI PALACE, ISTANBUL";
    private static final String SHARED_LOWERCASE_GERMAN_ =
                                          "S\u00FC\u00DFmayrstra\u00DFe";
    private static final String SHARED_UPPERCASE_GERMAN_ =
                                          "S\u00DCSSMAYRSTRASSE";

    private static final String UPPER_BEFORE_ =
         "\u0061\u0042\u0069\u03c2\u00df\u03c3\u002f\ufb03\ufb03\ufb03\ud93f\udfff";
    private static final String UPPER_ROOT_ =
         "\u0041\u0042\u0049\u03a3\u0053\u0053\u03a3\u002f\u0046\u0046\u0049\u0046\u0046\u0049\u0046\u0046\u0049\ud93f\udfff";
    private static final String UPPER_TURKISH_ =
         "\u0041\u0042\u0130\u03a3\u0053\u0053\u03a3\u002f\u0046\u0046\u0049\u0046\u0046\u0049\u0046\u0046\u0049\ud93f\udfff";
    private static final String UPPER_MINI_ = "\u00df\u0061";
    private static final String UPPER_MINI_UPPER_ = "\u0053\u0053\u0041";

    private static final String LOWER_BEFORE_ =
                      "\u0061\u0042\u0049\u03a3\u00df\u03a3\u002f\ud93f\udfff";
	private static final String LOWER_ROOT_ =
	                  "\u0061\u0062\u0069\u03c3\u00df\u03c2\u002f\ud93f\udfff";
	private static final String LOWER_TURKISH_ = 
	                  "\u0061\u0062\u0131\u03c3\u00df\u03c2\u002f\ud93f\udfff";

	/**
	 * each item is an array with input string, result string, locale
	 */
	private static final String TITLE_DATA_[] = {
		"\u0061\u0042\u0020\u0069\u03c2\u0020\u00df\u03c3\u002f\ufb03\ud93f\udfff",
		"\u0041\u0042\u0020\u0049\u03a3\u0020\u0053\u0073\u03a3\u002f\u0046\u0066\u0069\ud93f\udfff",
		
		"\u0061\u0042\u0020\u0069\u03c2\u0020\u00df\u03c3\u002f\ufb03\ud93f\udfff",
		"\u0041\u0062\u0020\u0049\u03c2\u0020\u0053\u0073\u03c3\u002f\u0046\u0066\u0069\ud93f\udfff",
		
		" tHe QUIcK bRoWn", " The Quick Brown",
		
		"\u01c4\u01c5\u01c6\u01c7\u01c8\u01c9\u01ca\u01cb\u01cc", 
		"\u01c5\u01c5\u01c5\u01c8\u01c8\u01c8\u01cb\u01cb\u01cb", // UBRK_CHARACTER
		
    	"\u01c9ubav ljubav", "\u01c8ubav Ljubav", // Lj vs. L+j
    	
    	"'oH dOn'T tItLeCaSe AfTeR lEtTeR+'",  "'Oh Don't Titlecase After Letter+'"

	};

    private static final BreakIterator TITLE_BREAKITERATORS_[] =
    {
    	BREAKITERATOR_CHARACTER_,
    	BREAKITERATOR_WORD_,
    	BREAKITERATOR_TITLE_,
    	BREAKITERATOR_CHARACTER_,
    	null,
    	null
    };

    /**
     * <p>basic string, lower string, upper string, title string</p>
     */
    private static final String SPECIAL_DATA_[] = {
        UTF16.valueOf(0x1043C) + UTF16.valueOf(0x10414),
        UTF16.valueOf(0x1043C) + UTF16.valueOf(0x1043C),
        UTF16.valueOf(0x10414) + UTF16.valueOf(0x10414),
        "ab'cD \uFB00i\u0131I\u0130 \u01C7\u01C8\u01C9 " +
                         UTF16.valueOf(0x1043C) + UTF16.valueOf(0x10414),
        "ab'cd \uFB00i\u0131ii\u0307 \u01C9\u01C9\u01C9 " +
                              UTF16.valueOf(0x1043C) + UTF16.valueOf(0x1043C),
        "AB'CD FFIII\u0130 \u01C7\u01C7\u01C7 " +
                              UTF16.valueOf(0x10414) + UTF16.valueOf(0x10414),
        // sigmas followed/preceded by cased letters
        "i\u0307\u03a3\u0308j \u0307\u03a3\u0308j i\u00ad\u03a3\u0308 \u0307\u03a3\u0308 ",
        "i\u0307\u03c3\u0308j \u0307\u03c3\u0308j i\u00ad\u03c2\u0308 \u0307\u03c3\u0308 ",
        "I\u0307\u03a3\u0308J \u0307\u03a3\u0308J I\u00ad\u03a3\u0308 \u0307\u03a3\u0308 "
    };
    private static final Locale SPECIAL_LOCALES_[] = {
        null,
        ENGLISH_LOCALE_,
        null,
    };

    private static final String SPECIAL_DOTTED_ =
            "I \u0130 I\u0307 I\u0327\u0307 I\u0301\u0307 I\u0327\u0307\u0301";
    private static final String SPECIAL_DOTTED_LOWER_TURKISH_ =
            "\u0131 i i i\u0327 \u0131\u0301\u0307 i\u0327\u0301";
    private static final String SPECIAL_DOTTED_LOWER_GERMAN_ =
            "i i\u0307 i\u0307 i\u0327\u0307 i\u0301\u0307 i\u0327\u0307\u0301";
    private static final String SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_ =
            "a\u0307 \u0307 i\u0307 j\u0327\u0307 j\u0301\u0307";
    private static final String SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_UPPER_LITHUANIAN_ =
            "A\u0307 \u0307 I J\u0327 J\u0301\u0307";
    private static final String SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_UPPER_GERMAN_ =
            "A\u0307 \u0307 I\u0307 J\u0327\u0307 J\u0301\u0307";
    private static final String SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_UPPER_ =
            "I I\u0301 J J\u0301 \u012e \u012e\u0301 \u00cc\u00cd\u0128";
    private static final String SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_LOWER_LITHUANIAN_ =
            "i i\u0307\u0301 j j\u0307\u0301 \u012f \u012f\u0307\u0301 i\u0307\u0300i\u0307\u0301i\u0307\u0303";
    private static final String SPECIAL_DOT_ABOVE_LOWER_GERMAN_ =
            "i i\u0301 j j\u0301 \u012f \u012f\u0301 \u00ec\u00ed\u0129";

    // private methods -------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Converting the hex numbers represented betwee                             n ';' to Unicode strings
     * @param str string to break up into Unicode strings
     * @return array of Unicode strings ending with a null
     */
    private String[] getUnicodeStrings(String str)
    {
        Vector v = new Vector(10);
        int start = 0;
        for (int casecount = 4; casecount > 0; casecount --) {
            int end = str.indexOf("; ", start);
            String casestr = str.substring(start, end);
            StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
            int spaceoffset = 0;
            while (spaceoffset < casestr.length()) {
                int nextspace = casestr.indexOf(' ', spaceoffset);
                if (nextspace == -1) {
                    nextspace = casestr.length();
                }
                buffer.append((char)Integer.parseInt(
                                     casestr.substring(spaceoffset, nextspace),
                                                      16));
                spaceoffset = nextspace + 1;
            }
            start = end + 2;
            v.add(buffer.toString());
        }
        int comments = str.indexOf(" #", start);
        if (comments != -1 && comments != start) {
            if (str.charAt(comments - 1) == ';') {
                comments --;
            }
            String conditions = str.substring(start, comments);
            int offset = 0;
            while (offset < conditions.length()) {
                int spaceoffset = conditions.indexOf(' ', offset);
                if (spaceoffset == -1) {
                    spaceoffset = conditions.length();
                }
                v.add(conditions.substring(offset, spaceoffset));
                offset = spaceoffset + 1;
            }
        }
        int size = v.size();
        String result[] = new String[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i ++) {
            result[i] = (String)v.elementAt(i);
        }
        return result;
    }
}