/********************************************************************
 * COPYRIGHT:
 * Copyright (c) 1997-2001, International Business Machines Corporation and
 * others. All Rights Reserved.
 ********************************************************************/
/********************************************************************************
*
* File CITERTST.C
*
* Modification History:
* Date      Name               Description
*           Madhu Katragadda   Ported for C API
* 02/19/01  synwee             Modified test case for new collation iterator
*********************************************************************************/
/*
 * Collation Iterator tests.
 * (Let me reiterate my position...)
 */

#include "unicode/utypes.h"
#include "unicode/ucol.h"
#include "unicode/uloc.h"
#include "unicode/uchar.h"
#include "unicode/ustring.h"
#include "cmemory.h"
#include "cintltst.h"
#include "citertst.h"
#include "ccolltst.h"
#include "filestrm.h"
#include "cstring.h"
#include "ucol_imp.h"
#include "ucol_tok.h"
#include <stdio.h>

extern uint8_t ucol_uprv_getCaseBits(const UChar *, uint32_t, UErrorCode *);

void addCollIterTest(TestNode** root)
{
    addTest(root, &TestPrevious, "tscoll/citertst/TestPrevious");
    addTest(root, &TestOffset, "tscoll/citertst/TestOffset");
    addTest(root, &TestSetText, "tscoll/citertst/TestSetText");
    addTest(root, &TestMaxExpansion, "tscoll/citertst/TestMaxExpansion");
    addTest(root, &TestUnicodeChar, "tscoll/citertst/TestUnicodeChar");
    addTest(root, &TestNormalizedUnicodeChar,
                                "tscoll/citertst/TestNormalizedUnicodeChar");
    addTest(root, &TestNormalization, "tscoll/citertst/TestNormalization");
    addTest(root, &TestBug672, "tscoll/citertst/TestBug672");
    addTest(root, &TestBug672Normalize, "tscoll/citertst/TestBug672Normalize");
    addTest(root, &TestSmallBuffer, "tscoll/citertst/TestSmallBuffer");
    addTest(root, &TestCEs, "tscoll/citertst/TestCEs");
    addTest(root, &TestDiscontiguos, "tscoll/citertst/TestDiscontiguos");
    addTest(root, &TestCEBufferOverflow, "tscoll/citertst/TestCEBufferOverflow");
    addTest(root, &TestCEValidity, "tscoll/citertst/TestCEValidity");
    addTest(root, &TestSortKeyValidity, "tscoll/citertst/TestSortKeyValidity");
}

/* The locales we support */

static const char * LOCALES[] = {"en_AU", "en_BE", "en_CA"};

static void TestBug672() {
    UErrorCode  status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UChar       pattern[20];
    UChar       text[50];
    int         i;
    int         result[3][3];

    u_uastrcpy(pattern, "resume");
    u_uastrcpy(text, "Time to resume updating my resume.");

    for (i = 0; i < 3; ++ i) {
        UCollator          *coll = ucol_open(LOCALES[i], &status);
        UCollationElements *pitr = ucol_openElements(coll, pattern, -1,
                                                     &status);
        UCollationElements *titer = ucol_openElements(coll, text, -1,
                                                     &status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            log_err("ERROR: in creation of either the collator or the collation iterator :%s\n",
                    myErrorName(status));
            return;
        }

        log_verbose("locale tested %s\n", LOCALES[i]);

        while (ucol_next(pitr, &status) != UCOL_NULLORDER &&
               U_SUCCESS(status)) {
        }
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            log_err("ERROR: reversing collation iterator :%s\n",
                    myErrorName(status));
            return;
        }
        ucol_reset(pitr);

        ucol_setOffset(titer, u_strlen(pattern), &status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            log_err("ERROR: setting offset in collator :%s\n",
                    myErrorName(status));
            return;
        }
        result[i][0] = ucol_getOffset(titer);
        log_verbose("Text iterator set to offset %d\n", result[i][0]);

        /* Use previous() */
        ucol_previous(titer, &status);
        result[i][1] = ucol_getOffset(titer);
        log_verbose("Current offset %d after previous\n", result[i][1]);

        /* Add one to index */
        log_verbose("Adding one to current offset...\n");
        ucol_setOffset(titer, ucol_getOffset(titer) + 1, &status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            log_err("ERROR: setting offset in collator :%s\n",
                    myErrorName(status));
            return;
        }
        result[i][2] = ucol_getOffset(titer);
        log_verbose("Current offset in text = %d\n", result[i][2]);
        ucol_closeElements(pitr);
        ucol_closeElements(titer);
        ucol_close(coll);
    }

    if (uprv_memcmp(result[0], result[1], 3) != 0 ||
        uprv_memcmp(result[1], result[2], 3) != 0) {
        log_err("ERROR: Different locales have different offsets at the same character\n");
    }
}


/*  Running this test with normalization enabled showed up a bug in the incremental
    normalization code. */
static void TestBug672Normalize() {
    UErrorCode  status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UChar       pattern[20];
    UChar       text[50];
    int         i;
    int         result[3][3];

    u_uastrcpy(pattern, "resume");
    u_uastrcpy(text, "Time to resume updating my resume.");

    for (i = 0; i < 3; ++ i) {
        UCollator          *coll = ucol_open(LOCALES[i], &status);
        UCollationElements *pitr = NULL;
        UCollationElements *titer = NULL;

        ucol_setAttribute(coll, UCOL_NORMALIZATION_MODE, UCOL_ON, &status);

        pitr = ucol_openElements(coll, pattern, -1, &status);
        titer = ucol_openElements(coll, text, -1, &status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            log_err("ERROR: in creation of either the collator or the collation iterator :%s\n",
                    myErrorName(status));
            return;
        }

        log_verbose("locale tested %s\n", LOCALES[i]);

        while (ucol_next(pitr, &status) != UCOL_NULLORDER &&
               U_SUCCESS(status)) {
        }
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            log_err("ERROR: reversing collation iterator :%s\n",
                    myErrorName(status));
            return;
        }
        ucol_reset(pitr);

        ucol_setOffset(titer, u_strlen(pattern), &status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            log_err("ERROR: setting offset in collator :%s\n",
                    myErrorName(status));
            return;
        }
        result[i][0] = ucol_getOffset(titer);
        log_verbose("Text iterator set to offset %d\n", result[i][0]);

        /* Use previous() */
        ucol_previous(titer, &status);
        result[i][1] = ucol_getOffset(titer);
        log_verbose("Current offset %d after previous\n", result[i][1]);

        /* Add one to index */
        log_verbose("Adding one to current offset...\n");
        ucol_setOffset(titer, ucol_getOffset(titer) + 1, &status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            log_err("ERROR: setting offset in collator :%s\n",
                    myErrorName(status));
            return;
        }
        result[i][2] = ucol_getOffset(titer);
        log_verbose("Current offset in text = %d\n", result[i][2]);
        ucol_closeElements(pitr);
        ucol_closeElements(titer);
        ucol_close(coll);
    }

    if (uprv_memcmp(result[0], result[1], 3) != 0 ||
        uprv_memcmp(result[1], result[2], 3) != 0) {
        log_err("ERROR: Different locales have different offsets at the same character\n");
    }
}


/**
 * Test for CollationElementIterator previous and next for the whole set of
 * unicode characters.
 */
static void TestUnicodeChar()
{
    UChar source[0x100];
    UCollator *en_us;
    UCollationElements *iter;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UChar codepoint;

    UChar *test;
    en_us = ucol_open("en_US", &status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)){
       log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation data using ucol_open()\n %s\n",
              myErrorName(status));
       return;
    }

    for (codepoint = 1; codepoint < 0xFFFE;)
    {
      test = source;

      while (codepoint % 0xFF != 0)
      {
        if (u_isdefined(codepoint))
          *(test ++) = codepoint;
        codepoint ++;
      }

      if (u_isdefined(codepoint))
        *(test ++) = codepoint;

      if (codepoint != 0xFFFF)
        codepoint ++;

      *test = 0;
      iter=ucol_openElements(en_us, source, u_strlen(source), &status);
      if(U_FAILURE(status)){
          log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation element iterator using ucol_openElements()\n %s\n",
              myErrorName(status));
          ucol_close(en_us);
          return;
      }
      /* A basic test to see if it's working at all */
      log_verbose("codepoint testing %x\n", codepoint);
      backAndForth(iter);
      ucol_closeElements(iter);

      /* null termination test */
      iter=ucol_openElements(en_us, source, -1, &status);
      if(U_FAILURE(status)){
          log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation element iterator using ucol_openElements()\n %s\n",
              myErrorName(status));
          ucol_close(en_us);
          return;
      }
      /* A basic test to see if it's working at all */
      backAndForth(iter);
      ucol_closeElements(iter);
    }

    ucol_close(en_us);
}

/**
 * Test for CollationElementIterator previous and next for the whole set of
 * unicode characters with normalization on.
 */
static void TestNormalizedUnicodeChar()
{
    UChar source[0x100];
    UCollator *th_th;
    UCollationElements *iter;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UChar codepoint;

    UChar *test;
    /* thai should have normalization on */
    th_th = ucol_open("th_TH", &status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)){
        log_err("ERROR: in creation of thai collation using ucol_open()\n %s\n",
              myErrorName(status));
        return;
    }

    for (codepoint = 1; codepoint < 0xFFFE;)
    {
      test = source;

      while (codepoint % 0xFF != 0)
      {
        if (u_isdefined(codepoint))
          *(test ++) = codepoint;
        codepoint ++;
      }

      if (u_isdefined(codepoint))
        *(test ++) = codepoint;

      if (codepoint != 0xFFFF)
        codepoint ++;

      *test = 0;
      iter=ucol_openElements(th_th, source, u_strlen(source), &status);
      if(U_FAILURE(status)){
          log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation element iterator using ucol_openElements()\n %s\n",
              myErrorName(status));
            ucol_close(th_th);
          return;
      }
        
      backAndForth(iter);
      ucol_closeElements(iter);

      iter=ucol_openElements(th_th, source, -1, &status);
      if(U_FAILURE(status)){
          log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation element iterator using ucol_openElements()\n %s\n",
              myErrorName(status));
            ucol_close(th_th);
          return;
      }

      backAndForth(iter);
      ucol_closeElements(iter);
    }

    ucol_close(th_th);
}

/**
* Test the incremental normalization
*/
static void TestNormalization()
{
          UErrorCode          status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    const char               *str    = 
                            "&a < \\u0300\\u0315 < A\\u0300\\u0315 < \\u0316\\u0315B < \\u0316\\u0300\\u0315";
          UCollator          *coll;
          UChar               rule[50];
          int                 rulelen = u_unescape(str, rule, 50);
          int                 count = 0;
    const char                *testdata[] =
                        {"\\u1ED9", "o\\u0323\\u0302",
                        "\\u0300\\u0315", "\\u0315\\u0300",
                        "A\\u0300\\u0315B", "A\\u0315\\u0300B",
                        "A\\u0316\\u0315B", "A\\u0315\\u0316B",
                        "\\u0316\\u0300\\u0315", "\\u0315\\u0300\\u0316",
                        "A\\u0316\\u0300\\u0315B", "A\\u0315\\u0300\\u0316B",
                        "\\u0316\\u0315\\u0300", "A\\u0316\\u0315\\u0300B"};
    int32_t   srclen;
    UChar source[10];
    UCollationElements *iter;

    coll = ucol_openRules(rule, rulelen, UCOL_ON, UCOL_TERTIARY, NULL, &status);
    ucol_setAttribute(coll, UCOL_NORMALIZATION_MODE, UCOL_ON, &status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)){
        log_err("ERROR: in creation of collator using ucol_openRules()\n %s\n",
              myErrorName(status));
        return;
    }

    srclen = u_unescape(testdata[0], source, 10);
    iter = ucol_openElements(coll, source, srclen - 1, &status);
    backAndForth(iter);
    ucol_closeElements(iter);
    
    srclen = u_unescape(testdata[1], source, 10);
    iter = ucol_openElements(coll, source, srclen - 1, &status);
    backAndForth(iter);
    ucol_closeElements(iter);
    
    while (count < 12) {
        srclen = u_unescape(testdata[count], source, 10);
        iter = ucol_openElements(coll, source, srclen - 1, &status);

        if (U_FAILURE(status)){
            log_err("ERROR: in creation of collator element iterator\n %s\n",
                  myErrorName(status));
            return;
        }
        backAndForth(iter);
        ucol_closeElements(iter);

        iter = ucol_openElements(coll, source, -1, &status);

        if (U_FAILURE(status)){
            log_err("ERROR: in creation of collator element iterator\n %s\n",
                  myErrorName(status));
            return;
        }
        backAndForth(iter);
        ucol_closeElements(iter);
        count ++;
    }
    ucol_close(coll);
}

/**
 * Test for CollationElementIterator.previous()
 *
 * @bug 4108758 - Make sure it works with contracting characters
 *
 */
static void TestPrevious()
{
    UCollator *coll=NULL;
    UChar rule[50];
    UChar *source;
    UCollator *c1, *c2, *c3;
    UCollationElements *iter;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;

    test1=(UChar*)malloc(sizeof(UChar) * 50);
    test2=(UChar*)malloc(sizeof(UChar) * 50);
    u_uastrcpy(test1, "What subset of all possible test cases?");
    u_uastrcpy(test2, "has the highest probability of detecting");
    coll = ucol_open("en_US", &status);

    iter=ucol_openElements(coll, test1, u_strlen(test1), &status);
    log_verbose("English locale testing back and forth\n");
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation element iterator using ucol_openElements()\n %s\n",
            myErrorName(status));
        ucol_close(coll);
        return;
    }
    /* A basic test to see if it's working at all */
    backAndForth(iter);
    ucol_closeElements(iter);
    ucol_close(coll);

    /* Test with a contracting character sequence */
    u_uastrcpy(rule, "&a,A < b,B < c,C, d,D < z,Z < ch,cH,Ch,CH");
    c1 = ucol_openRules(rule, u_strlen(rule), UCOL_OFF, UCOL_DEFAULT_STRENGTH, NULL, &status);

    log_verbose("Contraction rule testing back and forth with no normalization\n");
    
    if (c1 == NULL || U_FAILURE(status))
    {
        log_err("Couldn't create a RuleBasedCollator with a contracting sequence\n %s\n",
            myErrorName(status));
        return;
    }
    source=(UChar*)malloc(sizeof(UChar) * 20);
    u_uastrcpy(source, "abchdcba");
    iter=ucol_openElements(c1, source, u_strlen(source), &status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation element iterator using ucol_openElements()\n %s\n",
            myErrorName(status));
        return;
    }
    backAndForth(iter);
    ucol_closeElements(iter);
    ucol_close(c1);
    
    /* Test with an expanding character sequence */
    u_uastrcpy(rule, "&a < b < c/abd < d");
    c2 = ucol_openRules(rule, u_strlen(rule), UCOL_OFF, UCOL_DEFAULT_STRENGTH, NULL, &status);
    log_verbose("Expansion rule testing back and forth with no normalization\n");
    if (c2 == NULL || U_FAILURE(status))
    {
        log_err("Couldn't create a RuleBasedCollator with a contracting sequence.\n %s\n",
            myErrorName(status));
        return;
    }
    u_uastrcpy(source, "abcd");
    iter=ucol_openElements(c2, source, u_strlen(source), &status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation element iterator using ucol_openElements()\n %s\n",
            myErrorName(status));
        return;
    }
    backAndForth(iter);
    ucol_closeElements(iter);
    ucol_close(c2);
    /* Now try both */
    u_uastrcpy(rule, "&a < b < c/aba < d < z < ch");
    c3 = ucol_openRules(rule, u_strlen(rule), UCOL_DEFAULT,  UCOL_DEFAULT_STRENGTH,NULL, &status);
    log_verbose("Expansion/contraction rule testing back and forth with no normalization\n");

    if (c3 == NULL || U_FAILURE(status))
    {
        log_err("Couldn't create a RuleBasedCollator with a contracting sequence.\n %s\n",
            myErrorName(status));
        return;
    }
    u_uastrcpy(source, "abcdbchdc");
    iter=ucol_openElements(c3, source, u_strlen(source), &status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation element iterator using ucol_openElements()\n %s\n",
            myErrorName(status));
        return;
    }
    backAndForth(iter);
    ucol_closeElements(iter);
    ucol_close(c3);
    source[0] = 0x0e41;
    source[1] = 0x0e02;
    source[2] = 0x0e41;
    source[3] = 0x0e02;
    source[4] = 0x0e27;
    source[5] = 0x61;
    source[6] = 0x62;
    source[7] = 0x63;
    source[8] = 0;

    coll = ucol_open("th_TH", &status);
    log_verbose("Thai locale testing back and forth with normalization\n");
    iter=ucol_openElements(coll, source, u_strlen(source), &status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation element iterator using ucol_openElements()\n %s\n",
            myErrorName(status));
        return;
    }
    backAndForth(iter);
    ucol_closeElements(iter);
    ucol_close(coll);

    /* prev test */
    source[0] = 0x0061;
    source[1] = 0x30CF;
    source[2] = 0x3099;
    source[3] = 0x30FC;
    source[4] = 0;

    coll = ucol_open("ja_JP", &status);
    log_verbose("Japanese locale testing back and forth with normalization\n");
    iter=ucol_openElements(coll, source, u_strlen(source), &status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation element iterator using ucol_openElements()\n %s\n",
            myErrorName(status));
        return;
    }
    backAndForth(iter);
    ucol_closeElements(iter);
    ucol_close(coll);

    free(source);
    free(test1);
    free(test2);
}

/**
 * Test for getOffset() and setOffset()
 */
static void TestOffset()
{
    UErrorCode status= U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UCollator *en_us=NULL;
    UCollationElements *iter, *pristine;
    int32_t offset;
    int32_t *orders;
    int32_t orderLength=0;
    int     count = 0;
    test1=(UChar*)malloc(sizeof(UChar) * 50);
    test2=(UChar*)malloc(sizeof(UChar) * 50);
    u_uastrcpy(test1, "What subset of all possible test cases?");
    u_uastrcpy(test2, "has the highest probability of detecting");
    en_us = ucol_open("en_US", &status);
    log_verbose("Testing getOffset and setOffset for CollationElements\n");
    iter = ucol_openElements(en_us, test1, u_strlen(test1), &status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation element iterator using ucol_openElements()\n %s\n",
            myErrorName(status));
        ucol_close(en_us);
        return;
    }
    /* Run all the way through the iterator, then get the offset */

    orders = getOrders(iter, &orderLength);

    offset = ucol_getOffset(iter);

    if (offset != u_strlen(test1))
    {
        log_err("offset at end != length %d vs %d\n", offset,
            u_strlen(test1) );
    }

    /* Now set the offset back to the beginning and see if it works */
    pristine=ucol_openElements(en_us, test1, u_strlen(test1), &status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation element iterator using ucol_openElements()\n %s\n",
            myErrorName(status));
    ucol_close(en_us);
        return;
    }
    status = U_ZERO_ERROR;

    ucol_setOffset(iter, 0, &status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status))
    {
        log_err("setOffset failed. %s\n",    myErrorName(status));
    }
    else
    {
        assertEqual(iter, pristine);
    }

    ucol_closeElements(pristine);
    ucol_closeElements(iter);
    free(orders);

    /* testing offsets in normalization buffer */
    test1[0] = 0x61;
    test1[1] = 0x300;
    test1[2] = 0x316;
    test1[3] = 0x62;
    test1[4] = 0;
    ucol_setAttribute(en_us, UCOL_NORMALIZATION_MODE, UCOL_ON, &status);
    iter = ucol_openElements(en_us, test1, 4, &status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation element iterator using ucol_openElements()\n %s\n",
            myErrorName(status));
        ucol_close(en_us);
        return;
    }

    count = 0;
    while (ucol_next(iter, &status) != UCOL_NULLORDER &&
        U_SUCCESS(status)) {
        switch (count) {
        case 0:
            if (ucol_getOffset(iter) != 1) {
                log_err("ERROR: Offset of iteration should be 0\n");
            }
            break;
        case 3:
            if (ucol_getOffset(iter) != 4) {
                log_err("ERROR: Offset of iteration should be 4\n");
            }
            break;
        default:
            if (ucol_getOffset(iter) != 3) {
                log_err("ERROR: Offset of iteration should be 3\n");
            }
        }
        count ++;
    }

    ucol_reset(iter);
    count = 0;
    while (ucol_previous(iter, &status) != UCOL_NULLORDER &&
        U_SUCCESS(status)) {
        switch (count) {
        case 0:
            if (ucol_getOffset(iter) != 3) {
                log_err("ERROR: Offset of iteration should be 3\n");
            }
            break;
        default:
            if (ucol_getOffset(iter) != 0) {
                log_err("ERROR: Offset of iteration should be 0\n");
            }
        }
        count ++;
    }
    
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        log_err("ERROR: in iterating collation elements %s\n",
            myErrorName(status));
    }

    ucol_closeElements(iter);
    ucol_close(en_us);
    free(test1);
    free(test2);
}

/**
 * Test for setText()
 */
static void TestSetText()
{
    int32_t c,i;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UCollator *en_us=NULL;
    UCollationElements *iter1, *iter2;
    test1=(UChar*)malloc(sizeof(UChar) * 50);
    test2=(UChar*)malloc(sizeof(UChar) * 50);
    u_uastrcpy(test1, "What subset of all possible test cases?");
    u_uastrcpy(test2, "has the highest probability of detecting");
    en_us = ucol_open("en_US", &status);
    log_verbose("testing setText for Collation elements\n");
    iter1=ucol_openElements(en_us, test1, u_strlen(test1), &status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation element iterator1 using ucol_openElements()\n %s\n",
            myErrorName(status));
    ucol_close(en_us);
        return;
    }
    iter2=ucol_openElements(en_us, test2, u_strlen(test2), &status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        log_err("ERROR: in creation of collation element iterator2 using ucol_openElements()\n %s\n",
            myErrorName(status));
    ucol_close(en_us);
        return;
    }

    /* Run through the second iterator just to exercise it */
    c = ucol_next(iter2, &status);
    i = 0;

    while ( ++i < 10 && (c != UCOL_NULLORDER))
    {
        if (U_FAILURE(status))
        {
            log_err("iter2->next() returned an error. %s\n", myErrorName(status));
            ucol_closeElements(iter2);
            ucol_closeElements(iter1);
    ucol_close(en_us);
            return;
        }

        c = ucol_next(iter2, &status);
    }

    /* Now set it to point to the same string as the first iterator */
    ucol_setText(iter2, test1, u_strlen(test1), &status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status))
    {
        log_err("call to iter2->setText(test1) failed. %s\n", myErrorName(status));
    }
    else
    {
        assertEqual(iter1, iter2);
    }

    /* Now set it to point to a null string with fake length*/
    ucol_setText(iter2, NULL, 2, &status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status))
    {
        log_err("call to iter2->setText(null) failed. %s\n", myErrorName(status));
    }
    else
    {
        if (ucol_next(iter2, &status) != UCOL_NULLORDER) {
            log_err("iter2 with null text expected to return UCOL_NULLORDER\n");
        }
    }

    ucol_closeElements(iter2);
    ucol_closeElements(iter1);
    ucol_close(en_us);
    free(test1);
    free(test2);
}


static void backAndForth(UCollationElements *iter)
{
    /* Run through the iterator forwards and stick it into an array */
    int32_t index, o;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    int32_t orderLength = 0;
    int32_t *orders;
    orders= getOrders(iter, &orderLength);


    /* Now go through it backwards and make sure we get the same values */
    index = orderLength;
    ucol_reset(iter);

    /* synwee : changed */
    while ((o = ucol_previous(iter, &status)) != UCOL_NULLORDER)
    {
      if (o != orders[-- index])
      {
        if (o == 0)
          index ++;
        else
        {
          while (index > 0 && orders[-- index] == 0)
          {
          }
          if (o != orders[index])
          {
            log_err("Mismatch at index : 0x%x\n", index);
            return;
          }

        }
      }
    }

    while (index != 0 && orders[index - 1] == 0) {
      index --;
    }

    if (index != 0)
    {
        log_err("Didn't get back to beginning - index is %d\n", index);

        ucol_reset(iter);
        log_err("\nnext: ");
        if ((o = ucol_next(iter, &status)) != UCOL_NULLORDER)
        {
            log_err("Error at %x\n", o);
        }
        log_err("\nprev: ");
        if ((o = ucol_previous(iter, &status)) != UCOL_NULLORDER)
        {
            log_err("Error at %x\n", o);
        }
        log_verbose("\n");
    }

    free(orders);
}

/** @bug 4108762
 * Test for getMaxExpansion()
 */
static void TestMaxExpansion()
{
    UErrorCode          status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UCollator          *coll   ;/*= ucol_open("en_US", &status);*/
    UChar               ch     = 0;
    UChar               supplementary[2] = {0xD800, 0xDC00};
    uint32_t            sorder = 0;
    UCollationElements *iter   ;/*= ucol_openElements(coll, &ch, 1, &status);*/
    uint32_t            temporder = 0;

    UChar rule[256];
    u_uastrcpy(rule, "&a < ab < c/aba < d < z < ch");
    coll = ucol_openRules(rule, u_strlen(rule), UCOL_DEFAULT,
        UCOL_DEFAULT_STRENGTH,NULL, &status);
    iter = ucol_openElements(coll, &ch, 1, &status);

    while (ch < 0xFFFF && U_SUCCESS(status)) {
        int      count = 1;
        uint32_t order;
        int32_t  size = 0;

        ch ++;

        ucol_setText(iter, &ch, 1, &status);
        order = ucol_previous(iter, &status);

        /* thai management */
        if (order == 0)
            order = ucol_previous(iter, &status);

        while (U_SUCCESS(status) &&
            ucol_previous(iter, &status) != UCOL_NULLORDER) {
            count ++;
        }

        size = ucol_getMaxExpansion(iter, order);
        if (U_FAILURE(status) || size < count) {
            log_err("Failure at codepoint %d, maximum expansion count < %d\n",
                ch, count);
        }
    }

    /* testing for exact max expansion */
    ch = 0;
    while (ch < 0x61) {
        uint32_t order;
        int32_t  size;
        ucol_setText(iter, &ch, 1, &status);
        order = ucol_previous(iter, &status);
        size  = ucol_getMaxExpansion(iter, order);
        if (U_FAILURE(status) || size != 1) {
            log_err("Failure at codepoint %d, maximum expansion count < %d\n",
                ch, 1);
        }
        ch ++;
    }

    ch = 0x63; 
    ucol_setText(iter, &ch, 1, &status);
    temporder = ucol_previous(iter, &status);

    if (U_FAILURE(status) || ucol_getMaxExpansion(iter, temporder) != 3) {
        log_err("Failure at codepoint %d, maximum expansion count != %d\n",
                ch, 3);
    }

    ch = 0x64; 
    ucol_setText(iter, &ch, 1, &status);
    temporder = ucol_previous(iter, &status);

    if (U_FAILURE(status) || ucol_getMaxExpansion(iter, temporder) != 1) {
        log_err("Failure at codepoint %d, maximum expansion count != %d\n",
                ch, 3);
    }

    ucol_setText(iter, supplementary, 2, &status);
    sorder = ucol_previous(iter, &status);

    if (U_FAILURE(status) || ucol_getMaxExpansion(iter, sorder) != 2) {
        log_err("Failure at codepoint %d, maximum expansion count < %d\n",
                ch, 2);
    }

    /* testing jamo */
    ch = 0x1165;

    ucol_setText(iter, &ch, 1, &status);
    temporder = ucol_previous(iter, &status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status) || ucol_getMaxExpansion(iter, temporder) > 3) {
        log_err("Failure at codepoint %d, maximum expansion count > %d\n",
                ch, 3);
    }

    ucol_closeElements(iter);
    ucol_close(coll);

    /* testing special jamo &a<\u1160 */
    rule[0] = 0x26;
    rule[1] = 0x71;
    rule[2] = 0x3c;
    rule[3] = 0x1165;
    rule[4] = 0x2f;
    rule[5] = 0x71;
    rule[6] = 0x71;
    rule[7] = 0x71;
    rule[8] = 0x71;
    rule[9] = 0;
    
    coll = ucol_openRules(rule, u_strlen(rule), UCOL_DEFAULT,
        UCOL_DEFAULT_STRENGTH,NULL, &status);
    iter = ucol_openElements(coll, &ch, 1, &status);

    temporder = ucol_previous(iter, &status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status) || ucol_getMaxExpansion(iter, temporder) != 6) {
        log_err("Failure at codepoint %d, maximum expansion count > %d\n",
                ch, 5);
    }

    ucol_closeElements(iter);
    ucol_close(coll);

}

/**
 * Return an integer array containing all of the collation orders
 * returned by calls to next on the specified iterator
 */
static int32_t* getOrders(UCollationElements *iter, int32_t *orderLength)
{
    UErrorCode status;
    int32_t order;
    int32_t maxSize = 100;
    int32_t size = 0;
    int32_t *temp;
    int32_t *orders =(int32_t*)malloc(sizeof(int32_t) * maxSize);
    status= U_ZERO_ERROR;


    while ((order=ucol_next(iter, &status)) != UCOL_NULLORDER)
    {
        if (size == maxSize)
        {
            maxSize *= 2;
            temp = (int32_t*)malloc(sizeof(int32_t) * maxSize);

            memcpy(temp, orders, size * sizeof(int32_t));
            free(orders);
            orders = temp;

        }

        orders[size++] = order;
    }

    if (maxSize > size)
    {
        if (size == 0) {
            size = 1;
            temp = (int32_t*)malloc(sizeof(int32_t) * size);
            temp[0] = 0;
        }
        else {
            temp = (int32_t*)malloc(sizeof(int32_t) * size);
            memcpy(temp, orders, size * sizeof(int32_t));
        }

        free(orders);
        orders = temp;
    }

    *orderLength = size;
    return orders;
}


static void assertEqual(UCollationElements *i1, UCollationElements *i2)
{
    int32_t c1, c2;
    int32_t count = 0;
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;

    do
    {
        c1 = ucol_next(i1, &status);
        c2 = ucol_next(i2, &status);

        if (c1 != c2)
        {
            log_err("Error in iteration %d assetEqual between\n  %d  and   %d, they are not equal\n", count, c1, c2);
            break;
        }

        count += 1;
    }
    while (c1 != UCOL_NULLORDER);
}

/**
 * Testing iterators with extremely small buffers
 */
static void TestSmallBuffer()
{
    UErrorCode          status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UCollator          *coll;
    UCollationElements *testiter,
                       *iter;
    int32_t             count = 0;
    int32_t            *testorders,
                       *orders;

    UChar teststr[500];
    UChar str[] = {0x300, 0x31A, 0};
    /*
    creating a long string of decomposable characters,
    since by default the writable buffer is of size 256
    */
    while (count < 500) {
        if ((count & 1) == 0) {
            teststr[count ++] = 0x300;
        }
        else {
            teststr[count ++] = 0x31A;
        }
    }

    coll = ucol_open("th_TH", &status);
    testiter = ucol_openElements(coll, teststr, 500, &status);
    iter = ucol_openElements(coll, str, 2, &status);

    orders     = getOrders(iter, &count);
    if (count != 2) {
        log_err("Error collation elements size is not 2 for \\u0300\\u031A\n");
    }

    /*
    this will rearrange the string data to 250 characters of 0x300 first then
    250 characters of 0x031A
    */
    testorders = getOrders(testiter, &count);

    if (count != 500) {
        log_err("Error decomposition does not give the right sized collation elements\n");
    }

    while (count != 0) {
        /* UCA collation element for 0x0F76 */
        if ((count > 250 && testorders[-- count] != orders[1]) ||
            (count <= 250 && testorders[-- count] != orders[0])) {
            log_err("Error decomposition does not give the right collation element at %d count\n", count);
            break;
        }
    }

    free(testorders);
    free(orders);

    ucol_reset(testiter);
    /* ensures that the writable buffer was cleared */
    if (testiter->iteratordata_.writableBuffer != 
        testiter->iteratordata_.stackWritableBuffer) {
        log_err("Error Writable buffer in collation element iterator not reset\n");
    }

    /* ensures closing of elements done properly to clear writable buffer */
    ucol_next(testiter, &status);
    ucol_next(testiter, &status);
    ucol_closeElements(testiter);
    ucol_closeElements(iter);
    ucol_close(coll);
}

/**
* Sniplets of code from genuca
*/
static int32_t hex2num(char hex) {
    if(hex>='0' && hex <='9') {
        return hex-'0';
    } else if(hex>='a' && hex<='f') {
        return hex-'a'+10;
    } else if(hex>='A' && hex<='F') {
        return hex-'A'+10;
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}

/** 
* Getting codepoints from a string 
* @param str character string contain codepoints seperated by space and ended 
*        by a semicolon
* @param codepoints array for storage, assuming size > 5
* @return position at the end of the codepoint section
*/
static char * getCodePoints(char *str, UChar *codepoints) {
    char *pStartCP = str;
    char *pEndCP   = str + 4;

    *codepoints = (UChar)((hex2num(*pStartCP) << 12) | 
                          (hex2num(*(pStartCP + 1)) << 8) | 
                          (hex2num(*(pStartCP + 2)) << 4) | 
                          (hex2num(*(pStartCP + 3))));
    codepoints ++;
    while (*pEndCP != ';') {
        pStartCP = pEndCP + 1;
        *codepoints = (UChar)((hex2num(*pStartCP) << 12) | 
                          (hex2num(*(pStartCP + 1)) << 8) | 
                          (hex2num(*(pStartCP + 2)) << 4) | 
                          (hex2num(*(pStartCP + 3))));
        codepoints ++;
        pEndCP = pStartCP + 4;
    }
    *codepoints = 0;
    return pEndCP + 1;
}

/**
* Sniplets of code from genuca
*/
static int32_t
readElement(char **from, char *to, char separator, UErrorCode *status)
{
    if (U_SUCCESS(*status)) {
        char    buffer[1024];
        int32_t i = 0;
        while (**from != separator) {
            if (**from != ' ') {
                *(buffer+i++) = **from;
            }
            (*from)++;
        }
        (*from)++;
        *(buffer + i) = 0;
        strcpy(to, buffer);
        return i/2;            
    }
    
    return 0;
}

/**
* Sniplets of code from genuca
*/
static uint32_t
getSingleCEValue(char *primary, char *secondary, char *tertiary, 
                          UErrorCode *status)
{
    if (U_SUCCESS(*status)) {
        uint32_t  value    = 0;
        char      primsave = '\0';
        char      secsave  = '\0';
        char      tersave  = '\0';
        char     *primend  = primary+4;
        char     *secend   = secondary+2;
        char     *terend   = tertiary+2;
        uint32_t  primvalue;
        uint32_t  secvalue;
        uint32_t  tervalue;

        if (uprv_strlen(primary) > 4) {
            primsave = *primend;
            *primend = '\0';
        }
        
        if (uprv_strlen(secondary) > 2) {
            secsave = *secend;
            *secend = '\0';
        }
        
        if (uprv_strlen(tertiary) > 2) {
            tersave = *terend;
            *terend = '\0';
        }

        primvalue = (*primary!='\0')?strtoul(primary, &primend, 16):0;
        secvalue  = (*secondary!='\0')?strtoul(secondary, &secend, 16):0;
        tervalue  = (*tertiary!='\0')?strtoul(tertiary, &terend, 16):0;
        if(primvalue <= 0xFF) {
          primvalue <<= 8;
        }

        value = ((primvalue << UCOL_PRIMARYORDERSHIFT) & UCOL_PRIMARYORDERMASK) 
           | ((secvalue << UCOL_SECONDARYORDERSHIFT) & UCOL_SECONDARYORDERMASK) 
           | (tervalue & UCOL_TERTIARYORDERMASK);

        if(primsave!='\0') {
            *primend = primsave;
        }
        if(secsave!='\0') {
            *secend = secsave;
        }
        if(tersave!='\0') {
            *terend = tersave;
        }
        return value;
    }
    return 0;
}

/** 
* Getting collation elements generated from a string 
* @param str character string contain collation elements contained in [] and 
*        seperated by space
* @param ce array for storage, assuming size > 20
* @param status error status
* @return position at the end of the codepoint section
*/
static char * getCEs(char *str, uint32_t *ces, UErrorCode *status) {
    char       *pStartCP     = uprv_strchr(str, '[');
    int         count        = 0;
    char       *pEndCP;
    char        primary[100];
    char        secondary[100];
    char        tertiary[100];
    
    while (*pStartCP == '[') {
        uint32_t primarycount   = 0;
        uint32_t secondarycount = 0;
        uint32_t tertiarycount  = 0;
        uint32_t CEi = 1;
        pEndCP = strchr(pStartCP, ']');
        if(pEndCP == NULL) {
            break;
        }
        pStartCP ++;

        primarycount   = readElement(&pStartCP, primary, ',', status);
        secondarycount = readElement(&pStartCP, secondary, ',', status);
        tertiarycount  = readElement(&pStartCP, tertiary, ']', status);

        /* I want to get the CEs entered right here, including continuation */
        ces[count ++] = getSingleCEValue(primary, secondary, tertiary, status);
        if (U_FAILURE(*status)) {
            break;
        }

        while (2 * CEi < primarycount || CEi < secondarycount || 
               CEi < tertiarycount) {
            uint32_t value = UCOL_CONTINUATION_MARKER; /* Continuation marker */
            if (2 * CEi < primarycount) {
                value |= ((hex2num(*(primary + 4 * CEi)) & 0xF) << 28);
                value |= ((hex2num(*(primary + 4 * CEi + 1)) & 0xF) << 24);
            }

            if (2 * CEi + 1 < primarycount) {
                value |= ((hex2num(*(primary + 4 * CEi + 2)) & 0xF) << 20);
                value |= ((hex2num(*(primary + 4 * CEi + 3)) &0xF) << 16);
            }

            if (CEi < secondarycount) {
                value |= ((hex2num(*(secondary + 2 * CEi)) & 0xF) << 12);
                value |= ((hex2num(*(secondary + 2 * CEi + 1)) & 0xF) << 8);
            }

            if (CEi < tertiarycount) {
                value |= ((hex2num(*(tertiary + 2 * CEi)) & 0x3) << 4);
                value |= (hex2num(*(tertiary + 2 * CEi + 1)) & 0xF);
            }

            CEi ++;
            ces[count ++] = value;
        }

      pStartCP = pEndCP + 1;
    }
    ces[count] = 0;
    return pStartCP;
}

/** 
* Getting the FractionalUCA.txt file stream
*/
static FileStream * getFractionalUCA(void)
{
    char        newPath[256];
    char        backupPath[256];
    FileStream *result = NULL;

    /* Look inside ICU_DATA first */
    uprv_strcpy(newPath, u_getDataDirectory());
    uprv_strcat(newPath, "unidata" U_FILE_SEP_STRING );
    uprv_strcat(newPath, "FractionalUCA.txt");

    uprv_strcpy(backupPath, u_getDataDirectory());
    uprv_strcat(backupPath, ".." U_FILE_SEP_STRING ".." U_FILE_SEP_STRING "data");
    uprv_strcat(backupPath, U_FILE_SEP_STRING);
    uprv_strcat(backupPath, "unidata" U_FILE_SEP_STRING );
    uprv_strcat(backupPath, "FractionalUCA.txt");
      
    result = T_FileStream_open(newPath, "rb");

    if (result == NULL) {
        result = T_FileStream_open(backupPath, "rb");
        if (result == NULL) {
            log_err("Failed to open either %s or %s\n", newPath, backupPath);
        }
    }
    return result;
}

/**
* Testing the CEs returned by the iterator
*/
static void TestCEs() {
    FileStream *file = NULL;
    char        line[300];
    char       *str;
    UChar       codepoints[5];
    uint32_t    ces[20];
    UErrorCode  status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UCollator          *coll = ucol_open("", &status);

    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        log_err("Error in opening root collator\n");
        return;
    }

    file = getFractionalUCA();

    if (file == NULL) {
        log_err("*** unable to open input FractionalUCA.txt file ***\n");
        return;
    }

    while (T_FileStream_readLine(file, line, sizeof(line)) != NULL) {
        int                 count = 0;
        UCollationElements *iter;
        /* skip this line if it is empty or a comment or is a return value 
        or start of some variable section */
        if(line[0] == 0 || line[0] == '#' || line[0] == '\n' || 
            line[0] == 0x000D || line[0] == '[') {
            continue;
        }

        str = getCodePoints(line, codepoints);
        getCEs(str, ces, &status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            log_err("Error in parsing collation elements in FractionalUCA.txt\n");
            break;
        }
        iter = ucol_openElements(coll, codepoints, -1, &status);      
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            log_err("Error in opening collation elements\n");
            break;
        }     
        for (;;) {
            uint32_t ce = (uint32_t)ucol_next(iter, &status);
            if (ce == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
                ce = 0;
            }
            if (ce != ces[count] || U_FAILURE(status)) {
                log_err("Collation elements in FractionalUCA.txt and iterators do not match!\n");
                break;
            }
            if (ces[count] == 0) {
                break;
            }
            count ++;
        }
        ucol_closeElements(iter);
    }

    T_FileStream_close(file);
    ucol_close(coll);
}

/**
* Testing the discontigous contractions
*/
static void TestDiscontiguos() {
    const char               *rulestr    = 
                            "&z < AB < X\\u0300 < ABC < X\\u0300\\u0315";
          UChar               rule[50];
          int                 rulelen = u_unescape(rulestr, rule, 50);
    const char               *src[] = {
     "ADB", "ADBC", "A\\u0315B", "A\\u0315BC", 
    /* base character blocked */
     "XD\\u0300", "XD\\u0300\\u0315", 
    /* non blocking combining character */
     "X\\u0319\\u0300", "X\\u0319\\u0300\\u0315", 
     /* blocking combining character */
     "X\\u0314\\u0300", "X\\u0314\\u0300\\u0315", 
     /* contraction prefix */
     "ABDC", "AB\\u0315C","X\\u0300D\\u0315", "X\\u0300\\u0319\\u0315",
     "X\\u0300\\u031A\\u0315", 
     /* ends not with a contraction character */
     "X\\u0319\\u0300D", "X\\u0319\\u0300\\u0315D", "X\\u0300D\\u0315D", 
     "X\\u0300\\u0319\\u0315D", "X\\u0300\\u031A\\u0315D"
    };                              
    const char               *tgt[] = {
     /* non blocking combining character */
     "A D B", "A D BC", "A \\u0315 B", "A \\u0315 BC", 
    /* base character blocked */
     "X D \\u0300", "X D \\u0300\\u0315", 
    /* non blocking combining character */
     "X\\u0300 \\u0319", "X\\u0300\\u0315 \\u0319", 
     /* blocking combining character */
     "X \\u0314 \\u0300", "X \\u0314 \\u0300\\u0315", 
     /* contraction prefix */
     "AB DC", "AB \\u0315 C","X\\u0300 D \\u0315", "X\\u0300\\u0315 \\u0319",
     "X\\u0300 \\u031A \\u0315",
     /* ends not with a contraction character */
     "X\\u0300 \\u0319D", "X\\u0300\\u0315 \\u0319D", "X\\u0300 D\\u0315D", 
     "X\\u0300\\u0315 \\u0319D", "X\\u0300 \\u031A\\u0315D"
    };
          int                 size   = 20;
          UCollator          *coll;
          UErrorCode          status    = U_ZERO_ERROR;
          int                 count     = 0;
          UCollationElements *iter;      
          UCollationElements *resultiter;      
    
    coll       = ucol_openRules(rule, rulelen, UCOL_OFF, UCOL_DEFAULT_STRENGTH,NULL, &status);
    iter       = ucol_openElements(coll, rule, 1, &status);
    resultiter = ucol_openElements(coll, rule, 1, &status);

    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        log_err("Error opening collation rules\n");
        return;
    }

    while (count < size) {
        UChar  str[20];
        UChar  tstr[20];
        int    strLen = u_unescape(src[count], str, 20);
        UChar *s;

        ucol_setText(iter, str, strLen, &status);        
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            log_err("Error opening collation iterator\n");
            return;
        }

        u_unescape(tgt[count], tstr, 20);
        s = tstr;

        log_verbose("count %d\n", count);
        
        for (;;) {
            uint32_t  ce;
            UChar    *e = u_strchr(s, 0x20);
            if (e == 0) {
                e = u_strchr(s, 0);
            }
            ucol_setText(resultiter, s, e - s, &status);      
            ce = ucol_next(resultiter, &status);
            if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
                log_err("Error manipulating collation iterator\n");
                return;
            }
            while (ce != UCOL_NULLORDER) {
                if (ce != (uint32_t)ucol_next(iter, &status) || 
                    U_FAILURE(status)) {
                    log_err("Discontiguos contraction test mismatch\n");
                    return;
                }
                ce = ucol_next(resultiter, &status);
                if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
                    log_err("Error getting next collation element\n");
                    return;
                }
            }
            s = e + 1;
            if (*e == 0) {
                break;
            }
        }
        ucol_reset(iter);
        backAndForth(iter);
        count ++;
    }
    ucol_closeElements(resultiter);
    ucol_closeElements(iter);
    ucol_close(coll);
}

static void TestCEBufferOverflow() 
{
    UChar               str[UCOL_EXPAND_CE_BUFFER_SIZE + 1];
    UErrorCode          status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UChar               rule[10];
    UCollator          *coll;
    UCollationElements *iter;
    
    u_uastrcpy(rule, "&z < AB");
    coll = ucol_openRules(rule, u_strlen(rule), UCOL_OFF, UCOL_DEFAULT_STRENGTH, NULL,&status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        log_err("Rule based collator not created for testing ce buffer overflow\n");
    }
    
    /* 0xDCDC is a trail surrogate hence deemed unsafe by the heuristic
    test. this will cause an overflow in getPrev */
    str[0] = 0x0041;    /* 'A' */
    /*uprv_memset(str + 1, 0xE0, sizeof(UChar) * UCOL_EXPAND_CE_BUFFER_SIZE);*/
    uprv_memset(str + 1, 0xDC, sizeof(UChar) * UCOL_EXPAND_CE_BUFFER_SIZE);
    str[UCOL_EXPAND_CE_BUFFER_SIZE] = 0x0042;   /* 'B' */
    iter = ucol_openElements(coll, str, UCOL_EXPAND_CE_BUFFER_SIZE + 1, 
                             &status);
    if (ucol_previous(iter, &status) != UCOL_NULLORDER ||
        status != U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR) {
        log_err("CE buffer expected to overflow with long string of trail surrogates\n");
    }
    ucol_closeElements(iter);
    ucol_close(coll);
}

/**
* Byte bounds checks. Checks if each byte in data is between upper and lower
* inclusive.
*/
static UBool checkByteBounds(uint32_t data, char upper, char lower)
{
    int count = 4;
    while (count > 0) {
        char b = (char)(data & 0xFF);
        if (b > upper || b < lower) {
            return FALSE;
        }
        data = data >> 8;
        count --;
    }
    return TRUE;
}

/**
* Determines case of the string of codepoints.
* If it is a multiple codepoints it has to treated as a contraction.
*/
#if 0
static uint8_t getCase(const UChar *s, uint32_t len) {
    UBool       lower = FALSE;
    UBool       upper = FALSE;
    UBool       title = FALSE;
    UErrorCode  status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UChar       str[256];
    const UChar      *ps = s;

    if (len == 0) {
        return UCOL_LOWER_CASE;
    }

    while (len > 0) {
        UChar c = *ps ++;
        
        if (u_islower(c)) {
            lower = TRUE;
        }
        if (u_isupper(c)) {
            upper = TRUE;
        }
        if (u_istitle(c)) {
            title = TRUE;
        }
        
        len --;
    }
    if ((lower && !upper && !title) || (!lower && !upper && !title)){
        return UCOL_LOWER_CASE;
    }
    if (upper && !lower && !title) {
        return UCOL_UPPER_CASE;
    }
    /* mix of cases here */
    /* len = unorm_normalize(s, len, UNORM_NFKD, 0, str, 256, &status);    
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        log_err("Error normalizing data string\n");
        return UCOL_LOWER_CASE;
    }*/

    if ((title && len >= 2) || (lower && upper)) {
        return UCOL_MIXED_CASE;
    }
    if (u_isupper(s[0])) {
        return UCOL_UPPER_CASE;
    }
    return UCOL_LOWER_CASE;
}
#endif

/**
* Checking collation element validity given the boundary arguments.
*/
static UBool checkCEValidity(const UCollator *coll, const UChar *codepoints, 
                             int length, uint32_t primarymax, 
                             uint32_t secondarymax) 
{
    UErrorCode          status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UCollationElements *iter   = ucol_openElements(coll, codepoints, length,
                                                  &status);
    uint32_t            ce;
    UBool               first  = TRUE;
/*
    UBool               upper  = FALSE;
    UBool               lower  = FALSE;
*/

    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        log_err("Error creating iterator for testing validity\n");
    }

    ce = ucol_next(iter, &status);

    while (ce != UCOL_NULLORDER) {
       if (ce != 0) {
           uint32_t primary   = UCOL_PRIMARYORDER(ce);
           uint32_t secondary = UCOL_SECONDARYORDER(ce);
           uint32_t tertiary  = UCOL_TERTIARYORDER(ce);
/*           uint32_t scasebits = tertiary & 0xC0;*/
                
           if ((tertiary == 0 && secondary != 0) || 
               (tertiary < 0xC0 && secondary == 0 && primary != 0)) {
               /* n-1th level is not zero when the nth level is
                  except for continuations, this is wrong */
               log_err("Lower level weight not 0 when high level weight is 0\n");
               goto fail;
           }
           else {
               /* checks if any byte is illegal ie = 01 02 03. */
               if (checkByteBounds(ce, 0x3, 0x1)) {
                   log_err("Byte range in CE lies in illegal bounds 0x1 - 0x3\n");
                   goto fail;
               }
           }
           if ((primary != 0 && primary < primarymax) || primary >= 0xFF00) {
               log_err("UCA primary weight out of bounds\n");
               return FALSE;
           }
           /* case matching not done since data generated by ken */
           if (first) {
               if (secondary >= 6 && secondary <= secondarymax) {
                   log_err("Secondary weight out of range\n");
                   goto fail;
               }
               first = FALSE;
           }
       }
       ce   = ucol_next(iter, &status);
   }
   ucol_closeElements(iter);
   return TRUE;
fail : 
   ucol_closeElements(iter);
   return FALSE; 
}

static void TestCEValidity()
{
    /* testing UCA collation elements */
    UErrorCode  status      = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    /* en_US has no tailorings */
    UCollator  *coll        = ucol_open("en_US", &status);
    /* tailored locales */
    char        locale[][6] = {"fr_FR\0", "ko_KR\0", "sh_YU\0", "th_TH\0", "zh_CN\0"};
    FileStream *file = getFractionalUCA();
    char        line[300];
    UChar       codepoints[5];
    int         count = 0;
    UParseError parseError;
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        log_err("en_US collator creation failed\n");
        return;
    }
    log_verbose("Testing UCA elements\n");
    if (file == NULL) {
        log_err("Fractional UCA data can not be opened\n");
        return;
    }

    while (T_FileStream_readLine(file, line, sizeof(line)) != NULL) {
        if(line[0] == 0 || line[0] == '#' || line[0] == '\n' || 
            line[0] == 0x000D || line[0] == '[') {
            continue;
        }

        getCodePoints(line, codepoints);
        checkCEValidity(coll, codepoints, u_strlen(codepoints), 5, 86);
    }

    log_verbose("Testing UCA elements for the whole range of unicode characters\n");
    codepoints[0] = 0;
    while (codepoints[0] < 0xFFFF) {
        if (u_isdefined((UChar32)codepoints[0])) {
            checkCEValidity(coll, codepoints, 1, 5, 86);
        }
        codepoints[0] ++;
    }
    
    ucol_close(coll);

    /* testing tailored collation elements */
    log_verbose("Testing tailored elements\n");
    while (count < 5) {
        const UChar *rules = NULL, 
                    *current = NULL;
        UChar *rulesCopy = NULL;
        int32_t ruleLen = 0;

        uint32_t chOffset = 0; 
        uint32_t chLen = 0;
        uint32_t exOffset = 0; 
        uint32_t exLen = 0;
        uint32_t prefixOffset = 0;
        uint32_t prefixLen = 0;
        UBool    startOfRules = TRUE;
        UColOptionSet opts;
  
        UColTokenParser src;
        uint32_t strength = 0;
        uint8_t specs = 0;
  
        coll      = ucol_open(locale[count], &status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            log_err("%s collator creation failed\n", locale[count]);
            return;
        }

        src.opts = &opts;
        rules = ucol_getRules(coll, &ruleLen);

        if (ruleLen > 0) {
            rulesCopy = (UChar *)uprv_malloc((ruleLen + 
                UCOL_TOK_EXTRA_RULE_SPACE_SIZE) * sizeof(UChar));
            uprv_memcpy(rulesCopy, rules, ruleLen * sizeof(UChar));
            src.source = src.current = rulesCopy;
            src.end = rulesCopy + ruleLen;
            src.extraCurrent = src.end;
            src.extraEnd = src.end + UCOL_TOK_EXTRA_RULE_SPACE_SIZE;

            while ((current = ucol_tok_parseNextToken(&src, &strength, 
                                     &chOffset, &chLen, &exOffset, &exLen, 
                                     &prefixOffset, &prefixLen,
                                     &specs, startOfRules, &parseError,&status)) != NULL) {
                startOfRules = FALSE;
                uprv_memcpy(codepoints, rules + chOffset, 
                                                       chLen * sizeof(UChar));
                codepoints[chLen] = 0;
                checkCEValidity(coll, codepoints, u_strlen(codepoints), 4, 85);
            }
            uprv_free(rulesCopy);
        }
        
        ucol_close(coll);
        count ++;
    }
}

static void printSortKeyError(const UChar   *codepoints, int length,
                                    uint8_t *sortkey, int sklen) 
{
    int count = 0;
    log_err("Sortkey not valid for ");
    while (length > 0) {
        log_err("0x%04x ", *codepoints);
        length --;
        codepoints ++;
    }
    log_err("\nSortkey : ");
    while (count < sklen) {
        log_err("0x%02x ", sortkey[count]);
        count ++;
    }
    log_err("\n");
}

/**
* Checking sort key validity for all levels
*/
static UBool checkSortKeyValidity(UCollator *coll, 
                                  const UChar *codepoints, 
                                  int length) 
{
    UErrorCode status  = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UCollationStrength strength[5] = {UCOL_PRIMARY, UCOL_SECONDARY,
                                      UCOL_TERTIARY, UCOL_QUATERNARY, 
                                      UCOL_IDENTICAL};
    int        strengthlen = 5;
    int        index       = 0;
    int        caselevel   = 0;
    
    while (caselevel < 1) {
        if (caselevel == 0) {
            ucol_setAttribute(coll, UCOL_CASE_LEVEL, UCOL_OFF, &status);    
        }
        else {
            ucol_setAttribute(coll, UCOL_CASE_LEVEL, UCOL_ON, &status);    
        }
        
        while (index < strengthlen) {
            int        count01 = 0;
            uint32_t   count   = 0;
            uint8_t    sortkey[128];
            uint32_t   sklen;

            ucol_setStrength(coll, strength[index]);
            sklen = ucol_getSortKey(coll, codepoints, length, sortkey, 128);
            while (sortkey[count] != 0) {
                if (sortkey[count] == 2 || (sortkey[count] == 3 && count01 > 0 && index != 4)) {
                    printSortKeyError(codepoints, length, sortkey, sklen);
                    return FALSE;
                }
                if (sortkey[count] == 1) {
                    count01 ++;
                }
                count ++;
            }

            if (count + 1 != sklen || (count01 != index + caselevel)) {
                printSortKeyError(codepoints, length, sortkey, sklen);
                return FALSE;
            }
            index ++;
        }
        caselevel ++;
    }
    return TRUE; 
}

static void TestSortKeyValidity(void)
{
    /* testing UCA collation elements */
    UErrorCode  status      = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    /* en_US has no tailorings */
    UCollator  *coll        = ucol_open("en_US", &status);
    /* tailored locales */
    char        locale[][6] = {"fr_FR\0", "ko_KR\0", "sh_YU\0", "th_TH\0", "zh_CN\0"};
    FileStream *file = getFractionalUCA();
    char        line[300];
    UChar       codepoints[5];
    int         count = 0;
    UParseError parseError;
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        log_err("en_US collator creation failed\n");
        return;
    }
    log_verbose("Testing UCA elements\n");
    if (file == NULL) {
        log_err("Fractional UCA data can not be opened\n");
        return;
    }

    while (T_FileStream_readLine(file, line, sizeof(line)) != NULL) {
        if(line[0] == 0 || line[0] == '#' || line[0] == '\n' || 
            line[0] == 0x000D || line[0] == '[') {
            continue;
        }

        getCodePoints(line, codepoints);
        checkSortKeyValidity(coll, codepoints, u_strlen(codepoints));
    }

    log_verbose("Testing UCA elements for the whole range of unicode characters\n");
    codepoints[0] = 0;
    
    while (codepoints[0] < 0xFFFF) {
        if (u_isdefined((UChar32)codepoints[0])) {
            checkSortKeyValidity(coll, codepoints, 1);
        }
        codepoints[0] ++;
    }
    
    ucol_close(coll);

    /* testing tailored collation elements */
    log_verbose("Testing tailored elements\n");
    while (count < 5) {
        const UChar *rules = NULL, 
                    *current = NULL;
        UChar *rulesCopy = NULL;
        int32_t ruleLen = 0;

        uint32_t chOffset = 0; 
        uint32_t chLen = 0;
        uint32_t exOffset = 0; 
        uint32_t exLen = 0;
        uint32_t prefixOffset = 0;
        uint32_t prefixLen = 0;
        UBool    startOfRules = TRUE;
        UColOptionSet opts;
  
        UColTokenParser src;
        uint32_t strength = 0;
        uint8_t specs = 0;
  
        coll      = ucol_open(locale[count], &status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            log_err("%s collator creation failed\n", locale[count]);
            return;
        }

        src.opts = &opts;
        rules = ucol_getRules(coll, &ruleLen);

        if (ruleLen > 0) {
            rulesCopy = (UChar *)uprv_malloc((ruleLen + 
                UCOL_TOK_EXTRA_RULE_SPACE_SIZE) * sizeof(UChar));
            uprv_memcpy(rulesCopy, rules, ruleLen * sizeof(UChar));
            src.source = src.current = rulesCopy;
            src.end = rulesCopy + ruleLen;
            src.extraCurrent = src.end;
            src.extraEnd = src.end + UCOL_TOK_EXTRA_RULE_SPACE_SIZE;

            while ((current = ucol_tok_parseNextToken(&src, &strength, 
                                     &chOffset, &chLen, &exOffset, &exLen, 
                                     &prefixOffset, &prefixLen,
                                     &specs, startOfRules,&parseError, &status)) != NULL) {
                startOfRules = FALSE;
                uprv_memcpy(codepoints, rules + chOffset, 
                                                       chLen * sizeof(UChar));
                codepoints[chLen] = 0;
                checkSortKeyValidity(coll, codepoints, u_strlen(codepoints));
            }
            uprv_free(rulesCopy);
        }
        
        ucol_close(coll);
        count ++;
    }
}