// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
/*
 *******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (C) 2001-2016, International Business Machines Corporation and
 * others. All Rights Reserved.
 *******************************************************************************
 */

/**
 * Port From:   ICU4C v1.8.1 : format : DateFormatTest
 * Source File: $ICU4CRoot/source/test/intltest/dtfmttst.cpp
 **/

package com.ibm.icu.dev.test.format;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.text.AttributedCharacterIterator;
import java.text.CharacterIterator;
import java.text.FieldPosition;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.ParsePosition;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
import java.util.Set;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;

import com.ibm.icu.dev.test.TestFmwk;
import com.ibm.icu.impl.ICUData;
import com.ibm.icu.impl.ICUResourceBundle;
import com.ibm.icu.text.ChineseDateFormat;
import com.ibm.icu.text.ChineseDateFormat.Field;
import com.ibm.icu.text.ChineseDateFormatSymbols;
import com.ibm.icu.text.DateFormat;
import com.ibm.icu.text.DateFormat.BooleanAttribute;
import com.ibm.icu.text.DateFormatSymbols;
import com.ibm.icu.text.DateTimePatternGenerator;
import com.ibm.icu.text.DisplayContext;
import com.ibm.icu.text.NumberFormat;
import com.ibm.icu.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import com.ibm.icu.text.TimeZoneFormat;
import com.ibm.icu.text.TimeZoneFormat.ParseOption;
import com.ibm.icu.util.BuddhistCalendar;
import com.ibm.icu.util.Calendar;
import com.ibm.icu.util.ChineseCalendar;
import com.ibm.icu.util.GregorianCalendar;
import com.ibm.icu.util.HebrewCalendar;
import com.ibm.icu.util.IslamicCalendar;
import com.ibm.icu.util.JapaneseCalendar;
import com.ibm.icu.util.TimeZone;
import com.ibm.icu.util.ULocale;
import com.ibm.icu.util.UResourceBundle;
import com.ibm.icu.util.VersionInfo;

@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
public class DateFormatTest extends TestFmwk {
    /**
     * Verify that patterns have the correct values and could produce the
     * the DateFormat instances that contain the correct localized patterns.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestPatterns() {
        final String[][] EXPECTED = {
                {DateFormat.YEAR, "y","en","y"},

                {DateFormat.QUARTER, "QQQQ", "en", "QQQQ"},
                {DateFormat.ABBR_QUARTER, "QQQ", "en", "QQQ"},
                {DateFormat.YEAR_QUARTER, "yQQQQ", "en", "QQQQ y"},
                {DateFormat.YEAR_ABBR_QUARTER, "yQQQ", "en", "QQQ y"},

                {DateFormat.MONTH, "MMMM", "en", "LLLL"},
                {DateFormat.ABBR_MONTH, "MMM", "en", "LLL"},
                {DateFormat.NUM_MONTH, "M", "en", "L"},
                {DateFormat.YEAR_MONTH, "yMMMM","en","MMMM y"},
                {DateFormat.YEAR_ABBR_MONTH, "yMMM","en","MMM y"},
                {DateFormat.YEAR_NUM_MONTH, "yM","en","M/y"},

                {DateFormat.DAY, "d","en","d"},
                {DateFormat.YEAR_MONTH_DAY, "yMMMMd", "en", "MMMM d, y"},
                {DateFormat.YEAR_ABBR_MONTH_DAY, "yMMMd", "en", "MMM d, y"},
                {DateFormat.YEAR_NUM_MONTH_DAY, "yMd", "en", "M/d/y"},

                {DateFormat.WEEKDAY, "EEEE", "en", "cccc"},
                {DateFormat.ABBR_WEEKDAY, "E", "en", "ccc"},

                {DateFormat.YEAR_MONTH_WEEKDAY_DAY, "yMMMMEEEEd", "en", "EEEE, MMMM d, y"},
                {DateFormat.YEAR_ABBR_MONTH_WEEKDAY_DAY, "yMMMEd", "en", "EEE, MMM d, y"},
                {DateFormat.YEAR_NUM_MONTH_WEEKDAY_DAY, "yMEd", "en", "EEE, M/d/y"},

                {DateFormat.MONTH_DAY, "MMMMd","en","MMMM d"},
                {DateFormat.ABBR_MONTH_DAY, "MMMd","en","MMM d"},
                {DateFormat.NUM_MONTH_DAY, "Md","en","M/d"},

                {DateFormat.MONTH_WEEKDAY_DAY, "MMMMEEEEd","en","EEEE, MMMM d"},
                {DateFormat.ABBR_MONTH_WEEKDAY_DAY, "MMMEd","en","EEE, MMM d"},
                {DateFormat.NUM_MONTH_WEEKDAY_DAY, "MEd","en","EEE, M/d"},

                {DateFormat.HOUR, "j", "en", "h a"}, // (fixed expected result per ticket 6872<-6626)
                {DateFormat.HOUR24, "H", "en", "HH"}, // (fixed expected result per ticket 6872<-6626

                {DateFormat.MINUTE, "m", "en", "m"},
                {DateFormat.HOUR_MINUTE, "jm","en","h:mm a"}, // (fixed expected result per ticket 6872<-7180)
                {DateFormat.HOUR24_MINUTE, "Hm", "en", "HH:mm"}, // (fixed expected result per ticket 6872<-6626)

                {DateFormat.SECOND, "s", "en", "s"},
                {DateFormat.HOUR_MINUTE_SECOND, "jms","en","h:mm:ss a"}, // (fixed expected result per ticket 6872<-7180)
                {DateFormat.HOUR24_MINUTE_SECOND, "Hms","en","HH:mm:ss"}, // (fixed expected result per ticket 6872<-6626)
                {DateFormat.MINUTE_SECOND, "ms", "en", "mm:ss"}, // (fixed expected result per ticket 6872<-6626)

                {DateFormat.LOCATION_TZ, "VVVV", "en", "VVVV"},
                {DateFormat.GENERIC_TZ, "vvvv", "en", "vvvv"},
                {DateFormat.ABBR_GENERIC_TZ, "v", "en", "v"},
                {DateFormat.SPECIFIC_TZ, "zzzz", "en", "zzzz"},
                {DateFormat.ABBR_SPECIFIC_TZ, "z", "en", "z"},
                {DateFormat.ABBR_UTC_TZ, "ZZZZ", "en", "ZZZZ"},

                {}, // marker for starting combinations

                {DateFormat.YEAR_NUM_MONTH_DAY + DateFormat.ABBR_UTC_TZ, "yMdZZZZ", "en", "M/d/y, ZZZZ"},
                {DateFormat.MONTH_DAY + DateFormat.LOCATION_TZ, "MMMMdVVVV", "en", "MMMM d, VVVV"},
        };
        Date testDate = new Date(2012-1900, 6, 1, 14, 58, 59); // just for verbose log

        List<String> expectedSkeletons = new ArrayList<String>(DateFormat.DATE_SKELETONS);
        expectedSkeletons.addAll(DateFormat.TIME_SKELETONS);
        expectedSkeletons.addAll(DateFormat.ZONE_SKELETONS);
        boolean combinations = false;

        List<String> testedSkeletons = new ArrayList<String>();

        for (int i = 0; i < EXPECTED.length; i++) {
            if (EXPECTED[i].length == 0) {
                combinations = true;
                continue;
            }
            boolean ok = true;
            // Verify that patterns have the correct values
            String actualPattern = EXPECTED[i][0];
            if (!combinations) {
                testedSkeletons.add(actualPattern);
            }
            String expectedPattern = EXPECTED[i][1];
            ULocale locale = new ULocale(EXPECTED[i][2], "", "");
            if (!actualPattern.equals(expectedPattern)) {
                errln("FAILURE! Expected pattern: " + expectedPattern +
                        " but was: " + actualPattern);
                ok=false;
            }

            // Verify that DataFormat instances produced contain the correct
            // localized patterns
            DateFormat date1 = DateFormat.getPatternInstance(actualPattern,
                    locale);
            DateFormat date2 = DateFormat.getPatternInstance(Calendar.getInstance(locale),
                    actualPattern, locale);

            String expectedLocalPattern = EXPECTED[i][3];
            String actualLocalPattern1 = ((SimpleDateFormat)date1).toLocalizedPattern();
            String actualLocalPattern2 = ((SimpleDateFormat)date2).toLocalizedPattern();
            if (!actualLocalPattern1.equals(expectedLocalPattern)) {
                errln("FAILURE! Expected local pattern: " + expectedLocalPattern
                        + " but was: " + actualLocalPattern1);
                ok=false;
            }
            if (!actualLocalPattern2.equals(expectedLocalPattern)) {
                errln("FAILURE! Expected local pattern: " + expectedLocalPattern
                        + " but was: " + actualLocalPattern2);
                ok=false;
            }
            if (ok && isVerbose()) {
                logln(date1.format(testDate) + "\t\t" + Arrays.asList(EXPECTED[i]));
            }
        }
        assertEquals("All skeletons are tested (and in an iterable list)",
                new HashSet<String>(expectedSkeletons), new HashSet<String>(testedSkeletons));
        assertEquals("All skeletons are tested (and in an iterable list), and in the right order.", expectedSkeletons, testedSkeletons);
    }

    // Test written by Wally Wedel and emailed to me.
    @Test
    public void TestWallyWedel() {
        /*
         * Instantiate a TimeZone so we can get the ids.
         */
        //TimeZone tz = new SimpleTimeZone(7, ""); //The variable is never used
        /*
         * Computational variables.
         */
        int offset, hours, minutes, seconds;
        /*
         * Instantiate a SimpleDateFormat set up to produce a full time
         zone name.
         */
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("zzzz");
        /*
         * A String array for the time zone ids.
         */

        final String[] ids = TimeZone.getAvailableIDs();
        int ids_length = ids.length; //when fixed the bug should comment it out

        /*
         * How many ids do we have?
         */
        logln("Time Zone IDs size:" + ids_length);
        /*
         * Column headings (sort of)
         */
        logln("Ordinal ID offset(h:m) name");
        /*
         * Loop through the tzs.
         */
        Date today = new Date();
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        for (int i = 0; i < ids_length; i++) {
            logln(i + " " + ids[i]);
            TimeZone ttz = TimeZone.getTimeZone(ids[i]);
            // offset = ttz.getRawOffset();
            cal.setTimeZone(ttz);
            cal.setTime(today);
            offset = cal.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET) + cal.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET);
            // logln(i + " " + ids[i] + " offset " + offset);
            String sign = "+";
            if (offset < 0) {
                sign = "-";
                offset = -offset;
            }
            hours = offset / 3600000;
            minutes = (offset % 3600000) / 60000;
            seconds = (offset % 60000) / 1000;
            String dstOffset = sign + (hours < 10 ? "0" : "") + hours
                    + ":" + (minutes < 10 ? "0" : "") + minutes;
            if (seconds != 0) {
                dstOffset += ":" + (seconds < 10 ? "0" : "") + seconds;
            }
            /*
             * Instantiate a date so we can display the time zone name.
             */
            sdf.setTimeZone(ttz);
            /*
             * Format the output.
             */
            StringBuffer fmtOffset = new StringBuffer("");
            FieldPosition pos = new FieldPosition(0);

            try {
                fmtOffset = sdf.format(today, fmtOffset, pos);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logln("Exception:" + e);
                continue;
            }
            // UnicodeString fmtOffset = tzS.toString();
            String fmtDstOffset = null;
            if (fmtOffset.toString().startsWith("GMT")) {
                //fmtDstOffset = fmtOffset.substring(3);
                fmtDstOffset = fmtOffset.substring(3, fmtOffset.length());
            }
            /*
             * Show our result.
             */

            boolean ok = fmtDstOffset == null || fmtDstOffset.equals("") || fmtDstOffset.equals(dstOffset);
            if (ok) {
                logln(i + " " + ids[i] + " " + dstOffset + " "
                      + fmtOffset + (fmtDstOffset != null ? " ok" : " ?"));
            } else {
                errln(i + " " + ids[i] + " " + dstOffset + " " + fmtOffset + " *** FAIL ***");
            }

        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestEquals() {
        DateFormat fmtA = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM, DateFormat.FULL);
        DateFormat fmtB = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM, DateFormat.FULL);
        if (!fmtA.equals(fmtB))
            errln("FAIL");
    }

    /**
     * Test the parsing of 2-digit years.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestTwoDigitYearDSTParse() {

        SimpleDateFormat fullFmt = new SimpleDateFormat("EEE MMM dd HH:mm:ss.SSS zzz yyyy G");
        SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MMM-yy h:mm:ss 'o''clock' a z", Locale.ENGLISH);
        String s = "03-Apr-04 2:20:47 o'clock AM PST";

        /*
         * SimpleDateFormat(pattern, locale) Construct a SimpleDateDateFormat using
         * the given pattern, the locale and using the TimeZone.getDefault();
         * So it need to add the timezone offset on hour field.
         * ps. the Method Calendar.getTime() used by SimpleDateFormat.parse() always
         * return Date value with TimeZone.getDefault() [Richard/GCL]
         */

        TimeZone defaultTZ = TimeZone.getDefault();
        TimeZone PST = TimeZone.getTimeZone("PST");
        int defaultOffset = defaultTZ.getRawOffset();
        int PSTOffset = PST.getRawOffset();
        int hour = 2 + (defaultOffset - PSTOffset) / (60*60*1000);
        // hour is the expected hour of day, in units of seconds
        hour = ((hour < 0) ? hour + 24 : hour) * 60*60;
        try {
            Date d = fmt.parse(s);
            Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
            cal.setTime(d);
            //DSTOffset
            hour += defaultTZ.inDaylightTime(d) ? 1 : 0;

            logln(s + " P> " + ((DateFormat) fullFmt).format(d));
            // hr is the actual hour of day, in units of seconds
            // adjust for DST
            int hr = cal.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY) * 60*60 -
                cal.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET) / 1000;
            if (hr != hour)
                errln("FAIL: Hour (-DST) = " + hr / (60*60.0)+
                      "; expected " + hour / (60*60.0));
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            errln("Parse Error:" + e.getMessage());
        }

    }

    /**
     * Verify that returned field position indices are correct.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestFieldPosition() {
        int i, j, exp;
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();

        // Verify data
        if (VersionInfo.ICU_VERSION.compareTo(VersionInfo.getInstance(3, 7)) >= 0) {
            DateFormatSymbols rootSyms = new DateFormatSymbols(new Locale("", "", ""));
            assertEquals("patternChars", PATTERN_CHARS, rootSyms.getLocalPatternChars());
        }

        assertTrue("DATEFORMAT_FIELD_NAMES", DATEFORMAT_FIELD_NAMES.length == DateFormat.FIELD_COUNT);
        if(DateFormat.FIELD_COUNT != PATTERN_CHARS.length() + 1){ // +1 for missing TIME_SEPARATOR pattern char
            errln("Did not get the correct value for DateFormat.FIELD_COUNT. Expected:  "+ PATTERN_CHARS.length() + 1);
        }

        // Create test formatters
        final int COUNT = 4;
        DateFormat[] dateFormats = new DateFormat[COUNT];
        dateFormats[0] = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.FULL, DateFormat.FULL, Locale.US);
        dateFormats[1] = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.FULL, DateFormat.FULL, Locale.FRANCE);
        // Make the pattern "G y M d..."
        buf.append(PATTERN_CHARS);
        for (j=buf.length()-1; j>=0; --j) buf.insert(j, ' ');
        dateFormats[2] = new SimpleDateFormat(buf.toString(), Locale.US);
        // Make the pattern "GGGG yyyy MMMM dddd..."
        for (j=buf.length()-1; j>=0; j-=2) {
            for (i=0; i<3; ++i) {
                buf.insert(j, buf.charAt(j));
            }
        }
        dateFormats[3] = new SimpleDateFormat(buf.toString(), Locale.US);

        Date aug13 = new Date((long) 871508052513.0);

        // Expected output field values for above DateFormats on aug13
        // Fields are given in order of DateFormat field number
        final String EXPECTED[] = {
             "", "1997", "August", "13", "", "", "34", "12", "", "Wednesday",
             "", "", "", "", "PM", "2", "", "Pacific Daylight Time", "", "",
             "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "",
             "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "",

             "", "1997", "ao\u00FBt", "13", "", "14", "34", "12", "", "mercredi",
             "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "heure d\u2019\u00E9t\u00E9 du Pacifique", "", "",
             "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "",
             "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "",

            "AD", "1997", "8", "13", "14", "14", "34", "12", "5", "Wed",
            "225", "2", "33", "3", "PM", "2", "2", "PDT", "1997", "4",
            "1997", "2450674", "52452513", "-0700", "PT", "4", "8", "3", "3", "uslax",
            "1997", "GMT-7", "-07", "-07", "1997", "PM", "in the afternoon", "",

            "Anno Domini", "1997", "August", "0013", "0014", "0014", "0034", "0012", "5130", "Wednesday",
            "0225", "0002", "0033", "0003", "PM", "0002", "0002", "Pacific Daylight Time", "1997", "Wednesday",
            "1997", "2450674", "52452513", "GMT-07:00", "Pacific Time", "Wednesday", "August", "3rd quarter", "3rd quarter", "Los Angeles Time",
            "1997", "GMT-07:00", "-0700", "-0700", "1997", "PM", "in the afternoon", "",
        };

        assertTrue("data size", EXPECTED.length == COUNT * DateFormat.FIELD_COUNT);

        final DateFormat.Field[] DTFMT_FIELDS = {
            DateFormat.Field.AM_PM,
            DateFormat.Field.DAY_OF_MONTH,
            DateFormat.Field.DAY_OF_WEEK,
            DateFormat.Field.DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH,
            DateFormat.Field.DAY_OF_YEAR,

            DateFormat.Field.DOW_LOCAL,
            DateFormat.Field.ERA,
            DateFormat.Field.EXTENDED_YEAR,
            DateFormat.Field.HOUR_OF_DAY0,
            DateFormat.Field.HOUR_OF_DAY1,

            DateFormat.Field.HOUR0,
            DateFormat.Field.HOUR1,
            DateFormat.Field.JULIAN_DAY,
            DateFormat.Field.MILLISECOND,
            DateFormat.Field.MILLISECONDS_IN_DAY,

            DateFormat.Field.MINUTE,
            DateFormat.Field.MONTH,
            DateFormat.Field.QUARTER,
            DateFormat.Field.SECOND,
            DateFormat.Field.TIME_ZONE,

            DateFormat.Field.WEEK_OF_MONTH,
            DateFormat.Field.WEEK_OF_YEAR,
            DateFormat.Field.YEAR,
            DateFormat.Field.YEAR_WOY,
        };

        final String[][] EXPECTED_BY_FIELD = {
            {"PM", "13", "Wednesday", "", "",
             "", "", "", "", "",
             "", "2", "", "", "",
             "34", "August", "", "12", "Pacific Daylight Time",
             "", "", "1997", ""},

            {"", "13", "mercredi", "", "",
             "", "", "", "14", "",
             "", "", "", "", "",
             "34", "ao\u00FBt", "", "12", "heure d\u2019\u00E9t\u00E9 du Pacifique",
             "", "", "1997", ""},

            {"PM", "13", "Wed", "2", "225",
             "4", "AD", "1997", "14", "14",
             "2", "2", "2450674", "5", "52452513",
             "34", "8", "3", "12", "PDT",
             "3", "33", "1997", "1997"},

            {"PM", "0013", "Wednesday", "0002", "0225",
             "Wednesday", "Anno Domini", "1997", "0014", "0014",
             "0002", "0002", "2450674", "5130", "52452513",
             "0034", "August", "3rd quarter", "0012", "Pacific Daylight Time",
             "0003", "0033", "1997", "1997"},
        };

        TimeZone PT = TimeZone.getTimeZone("America/Los_Angeles");
        for (j = 0, exp = 0; j < COUNT; ++j) {
            //  String str;
            DateFormat df = dateFormats[j];
            df.setTimeZone(PT);
            logln(" Pattern = " + ((SimpleDateFormat) df).toPattern());
            try {
                logln("  Result = " + df.format(aug13));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                errln("FAIL: " + e);
                e.printStackTrace();
                continue;
            }

            FieldPosition pos;
            String field;

            for (i = 0; i < DateFormat.FIELD_COUNT; ++i, ++exp) {
                pos = new FieldPosition(i);
                buf.setLength(0);
                df.format(aug13, buf, pos);
                field = buf.substring(pos.getBeginIndex(), pos.getEndIndex());
                assertEquals("pattern#" + j + " field #" + i + " " + DATEFORMAT_FIELD_NAMES[i],
                             EXPECTED[exp], field);
            }

            // FieldPostion initialized by DateFormat.Field trac#6089
            for(i = 0; i < DTFMT_FIELDS.length; i++) {
                // The format method only set position for the first occurrence of
                // the specified field.
                pos = new FieldPosition(DTFMT_FIELDS[i]);
                buf.setLength(0);
                df.format(aug13, buf, pos);
                field = buf.substring(pos.getBeginIndex(), pos.getEndIndex());
                assertEquals("pattern#" + j + " " + DTFMT_FIELDS[i].toString(), EXPECTED_BY_FIELD[j][i], field);
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * This MUST be kept in sync with DateFormatSymbols.patternChars.
     */
    static final String PATTERN_CHARS = "GyMdkHmsSEDFwWahKzYeugAZvcLQqVUOXxrbB";

    /**
     * A list of the DateFormat.Field.
     * This MUST be kept in sync with PATTERN_CHARS above.
     */
    static final DateFormat.Field[] DATEFORMAT_FIELDS = {
        DateFormat.Field.ERA,           // G
        DateFormat.Field.YEAR,          // y
        DateFormat.Field.MONTH,         // M
        DateFormat.Field.DAY_OF_MONTH,  // d
        DateFormat.Field.HOUR_OF_DAY1,  // k
        DateFormat.Field.HOUR_OF_DAY0,  // H
        DateFormat.Field.MINUTE,        // m
        DateFormat.Field.SECOND,        // s
        DateFormat.Field.MILLISECOND,   // S
        DateFormat.Field.DAY_OF_WEEK,   // E
        DateFormat.Field.DAY_OF_YEAR,   // D
        DateFormat.Field.DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH,  // F
        DateFormat.Field.WEEK_OF_YEAR,  // w
        DateFormat.Field.WEEK_OF_MONTH, // W
        DateFormat.Field.AM_PM,         // a
        DateFormat.Field.HOUR1,         // h
        DateFormat.Field.HOUR0,         // K
        DateFormat.Field.TIME_ZONE,     // z
        DateFormat.Field.YEAR_WOY,      // Y
        DateFormat.Field.DOW_LOCAL,     // e
        DateFormat.Field.EXTENDED_YEAR, // u
        DateFormat.Field.JULIAN_DAY,    // g
        DateFormat.Field.MILLISECONDS_IN_DAY,   // A
        DateFormat.Field.TIME_ZONE,     // Z
        DateFormat.Field.TIME_ZONE,     // v
        DateFormat.Field.DAY_OF_WEEK,   // c
        DateFormat.Field.MONTH,         // L
        DateFormat.Field.QUARTER,       // Q
        DateFormat.Field.QUARTER,       // q
        DateFormat.Field.TIME_ZONE,     // V
        DateFormat.Field.YEAR,          // U
        DateFormat.Field.TIME_ZONE,     // O
        DateFormat.Field.TIME_ZONE,     // X
        DateFormat.Field.TIME_ZONE,     // x
        DateFormat.Field.RELATED_YEAR,  // r
        DateFormat.Field.AM_PM_MIDNIGHT_NOON,  // b
        DateFormat.Field.FLEXIBLE_DAY_PERIOD,  // B
        DateFormat.Field.TIME_SEPARATOR,// (no pattern character currently specified for this)
    };

    /**
     * A list of the names of all the fields in DateFormat.
     * This MUST be kept in sync with DateFormat.
     */
    static final String DATEFORMAT_FIELD_NAMES[] = {
        "ERA_FIELD",
        "YEAR_FIELD",
        "MONTH_FIELD",
        "DATE_FIELD",
        "HOUR_OF_DAY1_FIELD",
        "HOUR_OF_DAY0_FIELD",
        "MINUTE_FIELD",
        "SECOND_FIELD",
        "MILLISECOND_FIELD",
        "DAY_OF_WEEK_FIELD",
        "DAY_OF_YEAR_FIELD",
        "DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH_FIELD",
        "WEEK_OF_YEAR_FIELD",
        "WEEK_OF_MONTH_FIELD",
        "AM_PM_FIELD",
        "HOUR1_FIELD",
        "HOUR0_FIELD",
        "TIMEZONE_FIELD",
        "YEAR_WOY_FIELD",
        "DOW_LOCAL_FIELD",
        "EXTENDED_YEAR_FIELD",
        "JULIAN_DAY_FIELD",
        "MILLISECONDS_IN_DAY_FIELD",
        "TIMEZONE_RFC_FIELD",
        "GENERIC_TIMEZONE_FIELD",
        "STAND_ALONE_DAY_FIELD",
        "STAND_ALONE_MONTH_FIELD",
        "QUARTER_FIELD",
        "STAND_ALONE_QUARTER_FIELD",
        "TIMEZONE_SPECIAL_FIELD",
        "YEAR_NAME_FIELD",
        "TIMEZONE_LOCALIZED_GMT_OFFSET_FIELD",
        "TIMEZONE_ISO_FIELD",
        "TIMEZONE_ISO_LOCAL_FIELD",
        "RELATED_YEAR",
        "AM_PM_MIDNIGHT_NOON_FIELD",
        "FLEXIBLE_DAY_PERIOD_FIELD",
        "TIME_SEPARATOR",
    };

    /**
     * General parse/format tests.  Add test cases as needed.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestGeneral() {

        String DATA[] = {
            "yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss.SSS",

            // Milliseconds are left-justified, since they format as fractions of a second
            // Both format and parse should round HALF_UP
            "y/M/d H:mm:ss.S", "fp", "2004 03 10 16:36:31.567", "2004/3/10 16:36:31.5", "2004 03 10 16:36:31.500",
            "y/M/d H:mm:ss.SS", "fp", "2004 03 10 16:36:31.567", "2004/3/10 16:36:31.56", "2004 03 10 16:36:31.560",
            "y/M/d H:mm:ss.SSS", "F", "2004 03 10 16:36:31.567", "2004/3/10 16:36:31.567",
            "y/M/d H:mm:ss.SSSS", "pf", "2004/3/10 16:36:31.5679", "2004 03 10 16:36:31.567", "2004/3/10 16:36:31.5670",
        };
        expect(DATA, new Locale("en", "", ""));
    }

    @Test
    public void TestGenericTime() {


        // any zone pattern should parse any zone
        Locale en = new Locale("en", "", "");
        String ZDATA[] = {
            "yyyy MM dd HH:mm zzz",
            // round trip
            "y/M/d H:mm zzzz", "F", "2004 01 01 01:00 PST", "2004/1/1 1:00 Pacific Standard Time",
            "y/M/d H:mm zzz", "F", "2004 01 01 01:00 PST", "2004/1/1 1:00 PST",
            "y/M/d H:mm vvvv", "F", "2004 01 01 01:00 PST", "2004/1/1 1:00 Pacific Time",
            "y/M/d H:mm v", "F", "2004 01 01 01:00 PST", "2004/1/1 1:00 PT",
            // non-generic timezone string influences dst offset even if wrong for date/time
            "y/M/d H:mm zzz", "pf", "2004/1/1 1:00 PDT", "2004 01 01 01:00 PDT", "2004/1/1 0:00 PST",
            "y/M/d H:mm vvvv", "pf", "2004/1/1 1:00 PDT", "2004 01 01 01:00 PDT", "2004/1/1 0:00 Pacific Time",
            "y/M/d H:mm zzz", "pf", "2004/7/1 1:00 PST", "2004 07 01 02:00 PDT", "2004/7/1 2:00 PDT",
            "y/M/d H:mm vvvv", "pf", "2004/7/1 1:00 PST", "2004 07 01 02:00 PDT", "2004/7/1 2:00 Pacific Time",
            // generic timezone generates dst offset appropriate for local time
            "y/M/d H:mm zzz", "pf", "2004/1/1 1:00 PT", "2004 01 01 01:00 PST", "2004/1/1 1:00 PST",
            "y/M/d H:mm vvvv", "pf", "2004/1/1 1:00 PT", "2004 01 01 01:00 PST", "2004/1/1 1:00 Pacific Time",
            "y/M/d H:mm zzz", "pf", "2004/7/1 1:00 PT", "2004 07 01 01:00 PDT", "2004/7/1 1:00 PDT",
            "y/M/d H:mm vvvv", "pf", "2004/7/1 1:00 PT", "2004 07 01 01:00 PDT", "2004/7/1 1:00 Pacific Time",
            // daylight savings time transition edge cases.
            // time to parse does not really exist, PT interpreted as earlier time
            "y/M/d H:mm zzz", "pf", "2005/4/3 2:30 PT", "2005 04 03 03:30 PDT", "2005/4/3 3:30 PDT",
            "y/M/d H:mm zzz", "pf", "2005/4/3 2:30 PST", "2005 04 03 03:30 PDT", "2005/4/3 3:30 PDT",
            "y/M/d H:mm zzz", "pf", "2005/4/3 2:30 PDT", "2005 04 03 01:30 PST", "2005/4/3 1:30 PST",
            "y/M/d H:mm v", "pf", "2005/4/3 2:30 PT", "2005 04 03 03:30 PDT", "2005/4/3 3:30 PT",
            "y/M/d H:mm v", "pf", "2005/4/3 2:30 PST", "2005 04 03 03:30 PDT", "2005/4/3 3:30 PT",
            "y/M/d H:mm v", "pf", "2005/4/3 2:30 PDT", "2005 04 03 01:30 PST", "2005/4/3 1:30 PT",
            "y/M/d H:mm", "pf", "2005/4/3 2:30", "2005 04 03 03:30 PDT", "2005/4/3 3:30",
            // time to parse is ambiguous, PT interpreted as later time
            "y/M/d H:mm zzz", "pf", "2005/10/30 1:30 PT", "2005 10 30 01:30 PST", "2005/10/30 1:30 PST",
            "y/M/d H:mm v", "pf", "2005/10/30 1:30 PT", "2005 10 30  01:30 PST", "2005/10/30 1:30 PT",
            "y/M/d H:mm", "pf", "2005/10/30 1:30 PT", "2005 10 30 01:30 PST", "2005/10/30 1:30",

            "y/M/d H:mm zzz", "pf", "2004/10/31 1:30 PT", "2004 10 31 01:30 PST", "2004/10/31 1:30 PST",
             "y/M/d H:mm zzz", "pf", "2004/10/31 1:30 PST", "2004 10 31 01:30 PST", "2004/10/31 1:30 PST",
             "y/M/d H:mm zzz", "pf", "2004/10/31 1:30 PDT", "2004 10 31 01:30 PDT", "2004/10/31 1:30 PDT",
             "y/M/d H:mm v", "pf", "2004/10/31 1:30 PT", "2004 10 31 01:30 PST", "2004/10/31 1:30 PT",
             "y/M/d H:mm v", "pf", "2004/10/31 1:30 PST", "2004 10 31 01:30 PST", "2004/10/31 1:30 PT",
             "y/M/d H:mm v", "pf", "2004/10/31 1:30 PDT", "2004 10 31 01:30 PDT", "2004/10/31 1:30 PT",
             "y/M/d H:mm", "pf", "2004/10/31 1:30", "2004 10 31 01:30 PST", "2004/10/31 1:30",
            // Below is actually an invalid test case.  See the note in #5910.  Disable the case for now.
            // TODO: Revisit after 3.8
            //"y/M/d H:mm vvvv", "pf", "2004/10/31 1:30 Argentina Time", "2004 10 30 21:30 PDT", "2004/10/31 1:30 Argentina Time",
        };
        expect(ZDATA, en, true);

        logln("cross format/parse tests");
        final String basepat = "yy/MM/dd H:mm ";
        final SimpleDateFormat[] formats = {
            new SimpleDateFormat(basepat + "v", en),
            new SimpleDateFormat(basepat + "vvvv", en),
            new SimpleDateFormat(basepat + "zzz", en),
            new SimpleDateFormat(basepat + "zzzz", en)
        };

        final SimpleDateFormat univ = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy MM dd HH:mm zzz", en);

     // To allow cross pattern parsing, we need to set ParseOption.ALL_STYLES
        TimeZoneFormat tzfmt = univ.getTimeZoneFormat().cloneAsThawed();
        tzfmt.setDefaultParseOptions(EnumSet.of(ParseOption.ALL_STYLES));
        tzfmt.freeze();
        univ.setTimeZoneFormat(tzfmt);
        for (SimpleDateFormat sdf : formats) {
            sdf.setTimeZoneFormat(tzfmt);
        }

        final String[] times = { "2004 01 02 03:04 PST", "2004 07 08 09:10 PDT" };
        for (int i = 0; i < times.length; ++i) {
            try {
                Date d = univ.parse(times[i]);
                logln("time: " + d);
                for (int j = 0; j < formats.length; ++j) {
                    String test = formats[j].format(d);
                    logln("test: '" + test + "'");
                    for (int k = 0; k < formats.length; ++k) {
                        try {
                            Date t = formats[k].parse(test);
                            if (!d.equals(t)) {
                                errln("format " + k +
                                      " incorrectly parsed output of format " + j +
                                      " (" + test + "), returned " +
                                      t + " instead of " + d);
                            } else {
                                logln("format " + k + " parsed ok");
                            }
                        }
                        catch (ParseException e) {
                            errln("format " + k +
                                  " could not parse output of format " + j +
                                  " (" + test + ")");
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("univ could not parse: " + times[i]);
            }
        }

    }

    @Test
    public void TestGenericTimeZoneOrder() {
        // generic times should parse the same no matter what the placement of the time zone string
        // should work for standard and daylight times

        String XDATA[] = {
            "yyyy MM dd HH:mm zzz",
            // standard time, explicit daylight/standard
            "y/M/d H:mm zzz", "pf", "2004/1/1 1:00 PT", "2004 01 01 01:00 PST", "2004/1/1 1:00 PST",
            "y/M/d zzz H:mm", "pf", "2004/1/1 PT 1:00", "2004 01 01 01:00 PST", "2004/1/1 PST 1:00",
            "zzz y/M/d H:mm", "pf", "PT 2004/1/1 1:00", "2004 01 01 01:00 PST", "PST 2004/1/1 1:00",

            // standard time, generic
            "y/M/d H:mm vvvv", "pf", "2004/1/1 1:00 PT", "2004 01 01 01:00 PST", "2004/1/1 1:00 Pacific Time",
            "y/M/d vvvv H:mm", "pf", "2004/1/1 PT 1:00", "2004 01 01 01:00 PST", "2004/1/1 Pacific Time 1:00",
            "vvvv y/M/d H:mm", "pf", "PT 2004/1/1 1:00", "2004 01 01 01:00 PST", "Pacific Time 2004/1/1 1:00",

            // daylight time, explicit daylight/standard
            "y/M/d H:mm zzz", "pf", "2004/7/1 1:00 PT", "2004 07 01 01:00 PDT", "2004/7/1 1:00 PDT",
            "y/M/d zzz H:mm", "pf", "2004/7/1 PT 1:00", "2004 07 01 01:00 PDT", "2004/7/1 PDT 1:00",
            "zzz y/M/d H:mm", "pf", "PT 2004/7/1 1:00", "2004 07 01 01:00 PDT", "PDT 2004/7/1 1:00",

            // daylight time, generic
            "y/M/d H:mm vvvv", "pf", "2004/7/1 1:00 PT", "2004 07 01 01:00 PDT", "2004/7/1 1:00 Pacific Time",
            "y/M/d vvvv H:mm", "pf", "2004/7/1 PT 1:00", "2004 07 01 01:00 PDT", "2004/7/1 Pacific Time 1:00",
            "vvvv y/M/d H:mm", "pf", "PT 2004/7/1 1:00", "2004 07 01 01:00 PDT", "Pacific Time 2004/7/1 1:00",
        };
        Locale en = new Locale("en", "", "");
        expect(XDATA, en, true);
    }

    @Test
    public void TestTimeZoneDisplayName() {
        Calendar cal = new GregorianCalendar();
        SimpleDateFormat testfmt = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'");
        testfmt.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("Etc/GMT"));

        for (int i = 0; i < fallbackTests.length; ++i) {
            String[] info = fallbackTests[i];
            logln(info[0] + ";" + info[1] + ";" + info[2] + ";" + info[3]);

            long time = 0;
            try {
                Date testd = testfmt.parse(info[2]);
                time = testd.getTime();
            } catch (ParseException pe) {
                errln("Failed to parse test date data");
                continue;
            }
            ULocale l = new ULocale(info[0]);
            TimeZone tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone(info[1]);
            SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat(info[3], l);
            cal.setTimeInMillis(time);
            cal.setTimeZone(tz);
            String result = fmt.format(cal);
            if (!result.equals(info[4])) {
                errln(info[0] + ";" + info[1] + ";" + info[2] + ";" + info[3] + " expected: '" +
                      info[4] + "' but got: '" + result + "'");
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestTimeZoneInLocale() {
        String TESTS[][] = {
            { "en-u-tz-usden",                     "America/Denver",             "gregorian" },
            { "es-u-tz-usden",                     "America/Denver",             "gregorian" },
            { "ms-u-tz-mykul",                     "Asia/Kuala_Lumpur",          "gregorian" },
            { "zh-u-tz-mykul",                     "Asia/Kuala_Lumpur",          "gregorian" },
            { "fr-u-ca-buddhist-tz-phmnl",         "Asia/Manila",                "buddhist" },
            { "th-u-ca-chinese-tz-gblon",          "Europe/London",              "chinese" },
            { "de-u-ca-coptic-tz-ciabj",           "Africa/Abidjan",             "coptic" },
            { "ja-u-ca-dangi-tz-hkhkg",            "Asia/Hong_Kong",             "dangi" },
            { "da-u-ca-ethioaa-tz-ruunera",        "Asia/Ust-Nera",              "ethiopic-amete-alem" },
            { "ko-u-ca-ethiopic-tz-cvrai",         "Atlantic/Cape_Verde",        "ethiopic" },
            { "fil-u-ca-gregory-tz-aubne",         "Australia/Brisbane",         "gregorian" },
            { "fa-u-ca-hebrew-tz-brrbr",           "America/Rio_Branco",         "hebrew" },
            { "gr-u-ca-indian-tz-lccas",           "America/St_Lucia",           "indian" },
            { "or-u-ca-islamic-tz-cayyn",          "America/Swift_Current",      "islamic" },
            { "my-u-ca-islamic-umalqura-tz-kzala", "Asia/Almaty",                "islamic-umalqura" },
            { "lo-u-ca-islamic-tbla-tz-bmbda",     "Atlantic/Bermuda",           "islamic-tbla" },
            { "km-u-ca-islamic-civil-tz-aqplm",    "Antarctica/Palmer",          "islamic-civil" },
            { "kk-u-ca-islamic-rgsa-tz-usanc",     "America/Anchorage",          "islamic" },
            { "ar-u-ca-iso8601-tz-bjptn",          "Africa/Porto-Novo",          "gregorian" },
            { "he-u-ca-japanese-tz-tzdar",         "Africa/Dar_es_Salaam",       "japanese" },
            { "bs-u-ca-persian-tz-etadd",          "Africa/Addis_Ababa",         "persian" },
            { "it-u-ca-roc-tz-aruaq",              "America/Argentina/San_Juan", "roc" },
        };
        for (int i = 0; i < TESTS.length; ++i) {
            ULocale ulocale = new ULocale(TESTS[i][0]);
            Locale locale = new Locale(TESTS[i][0]);
            SimpleDateFormat smptfmt = new SimpleDateFormat("Z", locale);
            assertEquals(
                "TimeZone from SimpleDateFormat(\"Z\", Locale loc=\"" + TESTS[i][0] + "\")",
                         TESTS[i][1], smptfmt.getTimeZone().getID());
            assertEquals(
                "Calendar from SimpleDateFormat(\"Z\", Locale loc=\"" + TESTS[i][0] + "\")",
                         TESTS[i][2], smptfmt.getCalendar().getType());

            smptfmt = new SimpleDateFormat("Z", "", ulocale);
            assertEquals(
                "TimeZone from SimpleDateFormat(\"Z\", \"\", ULocale loc=\"" + TESTS[i][0] + "\")",
                         TESTS[i][1], smptfmt.getTimeZone().getID());
            assertEquals(
                "Calendar from SimpleDateFormat(\"Z\", \"\", ULocale loc=\"" + TESTS[i][0] + "\")",
                         TESTS[i][2], smptfmt.getCalendar().getType());

            smptfmt = new SimpleDateFormat("Z", ulocale);
            assertEquals(
                "TimeZone from SimpleDateFormat(\"Z\", ULocale loc=\"" + TESTS[i][0] + "\")",
                         TESTS[i][1], smptfmt.getTimeZone().getID());
            assertEquals(
                "Calendar from SimpleDateFormat(\"Z\", ULocale loc=\"" + TESTS[i][0] + "\")",
                         TESTS[i][2], smptfmt.getCalendar().getType());

            DateFormat dfmt = DateFormat.getInstanceForSkeleton("Z", locale);
            assertEquals(
                "TimeZone from DateFormat.getInstanceForSkeleton(\"Z\", Locale loc=\"" + TESTS[i][0] + "\")",
                         TESTS[i][1], dfmt.getTimeZone().getID());
            assertEquals(
                "Calendar from DateFormat.getInstanceForSkeleton(\"Z\", Locale loc=\"" + TESTS[i][0] + "\")",
                         TESTS[i][2], dfmt.getCalendar().getType());

            dfmt = DateFormat.getInstanceForSkeleton("Z", ulocale);
            assertEquals(
                "TimeZone from DateFormat.getInstanceForSkeleton(\"Z\", ULocale loc=\"" + TESTS[i][0] + "\")",
                         TESTS[i][1], dfmt.getTimeZone().getID());
            assertEquals(
                "Calendar from DateFormat.getInstanceForSkeleton(\"Z\", ULocale loc=\"" + TESTS[i][0] + "\")",
                         TESTS[i][2], dfmt.getCalendar().getType());

            dfmt = DateFormat.getPatternInstance("Z", locale);
            assertEquals(
                "TimeZone from DateFormat.getPatternInstance(\"Z\", Locale loc=\"" + TESTS[i][0] + "\")",
                         TESTS[i][1], dfmt.getTimeZone().getID());
            assertEquals(
                "Calendar from DateFormat.getPatternInstance(\"Z\", Locale loc=\"" + TESTS[i][0] + "\")",
                         TESTS[i][2], dfmt.getCalendar().getType());

            dfmt = DateFormat.getPatternInstance("Z", ulocale);
            assertEquals(
                "TimeZone from DateFormat.getPatternInstance(\"Z\", ULocale loc=\"" + TESTS[i][0] + "\")",
                         TESTS[i][1], dfmt.getTimeZone().getID());
            assertEquals(
                "Calendar from DateFormat.getPatternInstance(\"Z\", ULocale loc=\"" + TESTS[i][0] + "\")",
                         TESTS[i][2], dfmt.getCalendar().getType());
        }
    }

    private static final String GMT_BG = "\u0413\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0443\u0438\u0447";
    private static final String GMT_ZH = "GMT";
    //private static final String GMT_ZH = "\u683C\u6797\u5C3C\u6CBB\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4";
    //private static final String GMT_BG = "GMT";

    private static final String[][] fallbackTests  = {
        { "en", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0800", "-8:00" },
        { "en", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-08:00", "-8:00" },
        { "en", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZZ", "-08:00", "-8:00" },
        { "en", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "PST", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "en", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Pacific Standard Time", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "en", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0700", "-7:00" },
        { "en", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-07:00", "-7:00" },
        { "en", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "PDT", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "en", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Pacific Daylight Time", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "en", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "PT", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "en", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Pacific Time", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "en", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "VVVV", "Los Angeles Time", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "en_GB", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T12:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-8", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "en", "America/Phoenix", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0700", "-7:00" },
        { "en", "America/Phoenix", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-07:00", "-7:00" },
        { "en", "America/Phoenix", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "MST", "America/Phoenix" },
        { "en", "America/Phoenix", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Mountain Standard Time", "America/Phoenix" },
        { "en", "America/Phoenix", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0700", "-7:00" },
        { "en", "America/Phoenix", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-07:00", "-7:00" },
        { "en", "America/Phoenix", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "MST", "America/Phoenix" },
        { "en", "America/Phoenix", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Mountain Standard Time", "America/Phoenix" },
        { "en", "America/Phoenix", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "MST", "America/Phoenix" },
        { "en", "America/Phoenix", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Mountain Standard Time", "America/Phoenix" },
        { "en", "America/Phoenix", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "VVVV", "Phoenix Time", "America/Phoenix" },

        { "en", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Argentina Standard Time", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Argentina Standard Time", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Buenos Aires Time", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "en", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Argentina Standard Time", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "en", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "VVVV", "Buenos Aires Time", "America/Buenos_Aires" },

        { "en", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Argentina Standard Time", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Argentina Standard Time", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Buenos Aires Time", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "en", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Argentina Standard Time", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "en", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "VVVV", "Buenos Aires Time", "America/Buenos_Aires" },

        { "en", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0500", "-5:00" },
        { "en", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-05:00", "-5:00" },
        { "en", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-5", "-5:00" },
        { "en", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Cuba Standard Time", "-5:00" },
        { "en", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0400", "-4:00" },
        { "en", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-04:00", "-4:00" },
        { "en", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-4", "-4:00" },
        { "en", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Cuba Daylight Time", "-4:00" },
        { "en", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Cuba Time", "America/Havana" },
        { "en", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Cuba Time", "America/Havana" },
        { "en", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "VVVV", "Cuba Time", "America/Havana" },

        { "en", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1100", "+11:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+11", "+11:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Australian Eastern Daylight Time", "+11:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1000", "+10:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+10", "+10:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Australian Eastern Standard Time", "+10:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Sydney Time", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "en", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Eastern Australia Time", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "en", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "VVVV", "Sydney Time", "Australia/Sydney" },

        { "en", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1100", "+11:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+11", "+11:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Australian Eastern Daylight Time", "+11:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1000", "+10:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+10", "+10:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Australian Eastern Standard Time", "+10:00" },
        { "en", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Sydney Time", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "en", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Eastern Australia Time", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "en", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "VVVV", "Sydney Time", "Australia/Sydney" },

        { "en", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0000", "+0:00" },
        { "en", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT", "+0:00" },
        { "en", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT", "+0:00" },
        { "en", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Greenwich Mean Time", "+0:00" },
        { "en", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0100", "+1:00" },
        { "en", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+01:00", "+1:00" },
        { "en", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+1", "Europe/London" },
        { "en", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "British Summer Time", "Europe/London" },
    // icu en.txt has exemplar city for this time zone
        { "en", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "United Kingdom Time", "Europe/London" },
        { "en", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "United Kingdom Time", "Europe/London" },
        { "en", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "VVVV", "United Kingdom Time", "Europe/London" },

        { "en", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "en", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },

        // JB#5150
        { "en", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0530", "+5:30" },
        { "en", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+05:30", "+5:30" },
        { "en", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+5:30", "+5:30" },
        { "en", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "India Standard Time", "+5:30" },
        { "en", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0530", "+5:30" },
        { "en", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+05:30", "+5:30" },
        { "en", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+5:30", "+05:30" },
        { "en", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "India Standard Time", "+5:30" },
        { "en", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "India Time", "Asia/Calcutta" },
        { "en", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "India Standard Time", "Asia/Calcutta" },

        // Proper CLDR primary zone support #9733
        { "en", "America/Santiago", "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z", "VVVV", "Chile Time", "America/Santiago" },
        { "en", "Pacific/Easter", "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z", "VVVV", "Easter Time", "Pacific/Easter" },

        // ==========

        { "de", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0800", "-8:00" },
        { "de", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-08:00", "-8:00" },
        { "de", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-8", "-8:00" },
        { "de", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Nordamerikanische Westk\u00fcsten-Normalzeit", "-8:00" },
        { "de", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0700", "-7:00" },
        { "de", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-07:00", "-7:00" },
        { "de", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-7", "-7:00" },
        { "de", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Nordamerikanische Westk\u00fcsten-Sommerzeit", "-7:00" },
        { "de", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Los Angeles Zeit", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "de", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Nordamerikanische Westk\u00fcstenzeit", "America/Los_Angeles" },

        { "de", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Argentinische Normalzeit", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Argentinische Normalzeit", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Buenos Aires Zeit", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "de", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Argentinische Normalzeit", "America/Buenos_Aires" },

        { "de", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Argentinische Normalzeit", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Argentinische Normalzeit", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Buenos Aires Zeit", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "de", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Argentinische Normalzeit", "America/Buenos_Aires" },

        { "de", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0500", "-5:00" },
        { "de", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-05:00", "-5:00" },
        { "de", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-5", "-5:00" },
        { "de", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Kubanische Normalzeit", "-5:00" },
        { "de", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0400", "-4:00" },
        { "de", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-04:00", "-4:00" },
        { "de", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-4", "-4:00" },
        { "de", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Kubanische Sommerzeit", "-4:00" },
        { "de", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Kuba Zeit", "America/Havana" },
        { "de", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Kubanische Zeit", "America/Havana" },
        // added to test proper fallback of country name
        { "de_CH", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Kuba Zeit", "America/Havana" },
        { "de_CH", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Kubanische Zeit", "America/Havana" },

        { "de", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1100", "+11:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+11", "+11:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Ostaustralische Sommerzeit", "+11:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1000", "+10:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+10", "+10:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Ostaustralische Normalzeit", "+10:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Sydney Zeit", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "de", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Ostaustralische Zeit", "Australia/Sydney" },

        { "de", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1100", "+11:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+11", "+11:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Ostaustralische Sommerzeit", "+11:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1000", "+10:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+10", "+10:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Ostaustralische Normalzeit", "+10:00" },
        { "de", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Sydney Zeit", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "de", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Ostaustralische Zeit", "Australia/Sydney" },

        { "de", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0000", "+0:00" },
        { "de", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT", "+0:00" },
        { "de", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT", "+0:00" },
        { "de", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Mittlere Greenwich-Zeit", "+0:00" },
        { "de", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0100", "+1:00" },
        { "de", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+01:00", "+1:00" },
        { "de", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+1", "+1:00" },
        { "de", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Britische Sommerzeit", "+1:00" },
        { "de", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Vereinigtes K\u00f6nigreich Zeit", "Europe/London" },
        { "de", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Vereinigtes K\u00f6nigreich Zeit", "Europe/London" },

        { "de", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "de", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },

        // JB#5150
        { "de", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0530", "+5:30" },
        { "de", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+05:30", "+5:30" },
        { "de", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+5:30", "+5:30" },
        { "de", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Indische Normalzeit", "+5:30" },
        { "de", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0530", "+5:30" },
        { "de", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+05:30", "+5:30" },
        { "de", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+5:30", "+05:30" },
        { "de", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Indische Normalzeit", "+5:30" },
        { "de", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Indien Zeit", "Asia/Calcutta" },
        { "de", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Indische Normalzeit", "Asia/Calcutta" },

        // ==========

        { "zh", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0800", "-8:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"-08:00", "-8:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"-8", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "zh", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u5317\u7f8e\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "zh", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0700", "-7:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"-07:00", "-7:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"-7", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "zh", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u5317\u7f8e\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6\u95f4", "America/Los_Angeles" },
    // icu zh.txt has exemplar city for this time zone
        { "zh", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u6D1B\u6749\u77F6\u65F6\u95F4", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "zh", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u5317\u7f8e\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u65f6\u95f4", "America/Los_Angeles" },

        { "zh", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"-3", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"-3", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "-3:00" },
    // icu zh.txt does not have info for this time zone
        { "zh", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u5E03\u5B9C\u8BFA\u65AF\u827E\u5229\u65AF\u65F6\u95F4", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "zh", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "America/Buenos_Aires" },

        { "zh", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"-3", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"-3", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u5E03\u5B9C\u8BFA\u65AF\u827E\u5229\u65AF\u65F6\u95F4", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "zh", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "America/Buenos_Aires" },

        { "zh", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0500", "-5:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"-05:00", "-5:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"-5", "-5:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u53e4\u5df4\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "-5:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0400", "-4:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"-04:00", "-4:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"-4", "-4:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u53e4\u5df4\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6\u95f4", "-4:00" },
        { "zh", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u53e4\u5df4\u65f6\u95f4", "America/Havana" },
        { "zh", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u53e4\u5df4\u65f6\u95f4", "America/Havana" },

        { "zh", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1100", "+11:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"+11", "+11:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e1c\u90e8\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6\u95f4", "+11:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1000", "+10:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"+10", "+10:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e1c\u90e8\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "+10:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u6089\u5C3C\u65F6\u95F4", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "zh", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e1c\u90e8\u65f6\u95f4", "Australia/Sydney" },

        { "zh", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1100", "+11:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"+11", "+11:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e1c\u90e8\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6\u95f4", "+11:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1000", "+10:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"+10", "+10:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e1c\u90e8\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4",  "+10:00" },
        { "zh", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u6089\u5C3C\u65F6\u95F4", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "zh", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e1c\u90e8\u65f6\u95f4", "Australia/Sydney" },

        { "zh", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0000", "+0:00" },
        { "zh", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH, "+0:00" },
        { "zh", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT", "+0:00" },
        { "zh", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u683C\u6797\u5C3C\u6CBB\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4", "+0:00" },
        { "zh", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0100", "+1:00" },
        { "zh", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"+01:00", "+1:00" },
        { "zh", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"+1", "+1:00" },
        { "zh", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u82f1\u56fd\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6\u95f4", "+1:00" },
        { "zh", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u82f1\u56fd\u65f6\u95f4", "Europe/London" },
        { "zh", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u82f1\u56fd\u65f6\u95f4", "Europe/London" },
        { "zh", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "VVVV", "\u82f1\u56fd\u65f6\u95f4", "Europe/London" },

        { "zh", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"-3", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", GMT_ZH+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"-3", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", GMT_ZH+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", GMT_ZH+"-3", "-3:00" },
        { "zh", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", GMT_ZH+"-03:00", "-3:00" },

        // JB#5150
        { "zh", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0530", "+5:30" },
        { "zh", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"+05:30", "+5:30" },
        { "zh", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"+5:30", "+5:30" },
        { "zh", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u5370\u5ea6\u65f6\u95f4", "+5:30" },
        { "zh", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0530", "+5:30" },
        { "zh", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_ZH+"+05:30", "+5:30" },
        { "zh", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_ZH+"+5:30", "+05:30" },
        { "zh", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u5370\u5ea6\u65f6\u95f4", "+5:30" },
        { "zh", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u5370\u5ea6\u65f6\u95f4", "Asia/Calcutta" },
        { "zh", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u5370\u5EA6\u65f6\u95f4", "Asia/Calcutta" },

        // ==========

        { "hi", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0800", "-8:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-08:00", "-8:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-8", "-8:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f", "-8:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0700", "-7:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-07:00", "-7:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-7", "-7:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0921\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u092e\u092f", "-7:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u0932\u0949\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u091c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "hi", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u092f", "America/Los_Angeles" },

        { "hi", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0905\u0930\u094D\u091C\u0947\u0902\u091F\u0940\u0928\u093E \u092E\u093E\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u092E\u092F", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0905\u0930\u094D\u091C\u0947\u0902\u091F\u0940\u0928\u093E \u092E\u093E\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u092E\u092F", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u092C\u094D\u092F\u0942\u0928\u0938 \u0906\u092F\u0930\u0938 \u0938\u092E\u092F", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "hi", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u0905\u0930\u094D\u091C\u0947\u0902\u091F\u0940\u0928\u093E \u092E\u093E\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u092E\u092F", "America/Buenos_Aires" },

        { "hi", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0905\u0930\u094D\u091C\u0947\u0902\u091F\u0940\u0928\u093E \u092E\u093E\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u092E\u092F", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0905\u0930\u094D\u091C\u0947\u0902\u091F\u0940\u0928\u093E \u092E\u093E\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u092E\u092F", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u092C\u094D\u092F\u0942\u0928\u0938 \u0906\u092F\u0930\u0938 \u0938\u092E\u092F", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "hi", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u0905\u0930\u094D\u091C\u0947\u0902\u091F\u0940\u0928\u093E \u092E\u093E\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u092E\u092F", "America/Buenos_Aires" },

        { "hi", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0500", "-5:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-05:00", "-5:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-5", "-5:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f", "-5:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0400", "-4:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-04:00", "-4:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-4", "-4:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093e \u0921\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u092e\u092f", "-4:00" },
        { "hi", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093e \u0938\u092E\u092F", "America/Havana" },
        { "hi", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f", "America/Havana" },

        { "hi", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1100", "+11:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+11", "+11:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0911\u0938\u094d\u200d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u092e\u092f", "+11:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1000", "+10:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+10", "+10:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0911\u0938\u094D\u200D\u091F\u094D\u0930\u0947\u0932\u093F\u092F\u093E\u0908 \u092A\u0942\u0930\u094D\u0935\u0940 \u092E\u093E\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u092E\u092F", "+10:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u0938\u093F\u0921\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u092E\u092F", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "hi", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f", "Australia/Sydney" },

        { "hi", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1100", "+11:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+11", "+11:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0911\u0938\u094d\u200d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u092e\u092f", "+11:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1000", "+10:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+10", "+10:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0911\u0938\u094D\u200D\u091F\u094D\u0930\u0947\u0932\u093F\u092F\u093E\u0908 \u092A\u0942\u0930\u094D\u0935\u0940 \u092E\u093E\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u092E\u092F", "+10:00" },
        { "hi", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u0938\u093F\u0921\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u092E\u092F", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "hi", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f", "Australia/Sydney" },

        { "hi", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0000", "+0:00" },
        { "hi", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT", "+0:00" },
        { "hi", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT", "+0:00" },
        { "hi", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928\u0935\u093f\u091a \u092e\u0940\u0928 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e", "+0:00" },
        { "hi", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0100", "+1:00" },
        { "hi", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+01:00", "+1:00" },
        { "hi", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+1", "+1:00" },
        { "hi", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u092f", "+1:00" },
        { "hi", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0921\u092e \u0938\u092e\u092f", "Europe/London" },
        { "hi", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0921\u092e \u0938\u092e\u092f", "Europe/London" },

        { "hi", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "hi", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },

        { "hi", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0530", "+5:30" },
        { "hi", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+05:30", "+5:30" },
        { "hi", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "IST", "+5:30" },
        { "hi", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u092D\u093E\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092F \u092E\u093E\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u092E\u092F", "+5:30" },
        { "hi", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0530", "+5:30" },
        { "hi", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+05:30"," +5:30" },
        { "hi", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "IST", "+05:30" },
        { "hi", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u092D\u093E\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092F \u092E\u093E\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u092E\u092F", "+5:30" },
        { "hi", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "IST", "Asia/Calcutta" },
        { "hi", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u092D\u093E\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092F \u092E\u093E\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u092E\u092F", "Asia/Calcutta" },

        // ==========

        { "bg", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0800", "-8:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"-08:00", "-8:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"-8", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "bg", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "bg", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0700", "-7:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"-07:00", "-7:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"-7", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "bg", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043b\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "America/Los_Angeles" },
    // icu bg.txt has exemplar city for this time zone
        { "bg", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u041B\u043E\u0441 \u0410\u043D\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0441", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "bg", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "bg", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "VVVV", "\u041B\u043E\u0441 \u0410\u043D\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0441", "America/Los_Angeles" },

        { "bg", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"-3", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0410\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"-3", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0410\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u0411\u0443\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0441 \u0410\u0439\u0440\u0435\u0441", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "bg", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u0410\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "America/Buenos_Aires" },

        { "bg", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"-3", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0410\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"-3", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0410\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "-3:00" },
    // icu bg.txt does not have info for this time zone
        { "bg", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u0411\u0443\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0441 \u0410\u0439\u0440\u0435\u0441", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "bg", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u0410\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "America/Buenos_Aires" },

        { "bg", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0500", "-5:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"-05:00", "-5:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"-5", "-5:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u041a\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "-5:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0400", "-4:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"-04:00", "-4:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"-4", "-4:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u041a\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043b\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "-4:00" },
        { "bg", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u041a\u0443\u0431\u0430", "America/Havana" },
        { "bg", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u041a\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435", "America/Havana" },

        { "bg", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1100", "+11:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"+11", "+11:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0418\u0437\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E \u043B\u044F\u0442\u043D\u043E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435", "+11:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1000", "+10:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"+10", "+10:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0418\u0437\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043D\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435", "+10:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u0421\u0438\u0434\u043D\u0438", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "bg", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u0418\u0437\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435", "Australia/Sydney" },

        { "bg", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1100", "+11:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"+11", "+11:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0418\u0437\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E \u043B\u044F\u0442\u043D\u043E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435", "+11:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1000", "+10:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"+10", "+10:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0418\u0437\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043D\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435", "+10:00" },
        { "bg", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u0421\u0438\u0434\u043D\u0438", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "bg", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u0418\u0437\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435", "Australia/Sydney" },

        { "bg", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0000", "+0:00" },
        { "bg", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG, "+0:00" },
        { "bg", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG, "+0:00" },
        { "bg", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "+0:00" },
        { "bg", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0100", "+1:00" },
        { "bg", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"+01:00", "+1:00" },
        { "bg", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"+1", "+1:00" },
        { "bg", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043b\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "+1:00" },
        { "bg", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u041e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e", "Europe/London" },
        { "bg", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u041e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e", "Europe/London" },

        { "bg", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"-3", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", GMT_BG+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"-3", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", GMT_BG+"-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", GMT_BG+"-3", "-3:00" },
        { "bg", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", GMT_BG+"-03:00", "-3:00" },

        // JB#5150
        { "bg", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0530", "+5:30" },
        { "bg", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"+05:30", "+5:30" },
        { "bg", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"+5:30", "+5:30" },
        { "bg", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0418\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "+5:30" },
        { "bg", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0530", "+5:30" },
        { "bg", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", GMT_BG+"+05:30", "+5:30" },
        { "bg", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", GMT_BG+"+5:30", "+05:30" },
        { "bg", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u0418\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "+5:30" },
        { "bg", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u0418\u043D\u0434\u0438\u044F", "Asia/Calcutta" },
        { "bg", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u0418\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435", "Asia/Calcutta" },

    // ==========

        { "ja", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0800", "-8:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-08:00", "-8:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-8", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "ja", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6a19\u6e96\u6642", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "ja", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0700", "-7:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-07:00", "-7:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-7", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "ja", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u590f\u6642\u9593", "America/Los_Angeles" },
    // icu ja.txt has exemplar city for this time zone
        { "ja", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u30ED\u30B5\u30F3\u30BC\u30EB\u30B9\u6642\u9593", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "ja", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u592A\u5E73\u6D0B\u6642\u9593", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "ja", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "VVVV", "\u30ED\u30B5\u30F3\u30BC\u30EB\u30B9\u6642\u9593", "America/Los_Angeles" },

        { "ja", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u30A2\u30EB\u30BC\u30F3\u30C1\u30F3\u6A19\u6E96\u6642", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u30A2\u30EB\u30BC\u30F3\u30C1\u30F3\u6A19\u6E96\u6642", "-3:00" },
    // icu ja.txt does not have info for this time zone
        { "ja", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u30D6\u30A8\u30CE\u30B9\u30A2\u30A4\u30EC\u30B9\u6642\u9593", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "ja", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u30A2\u30EB\u30BC\u30F3\u30C1\u30F3\u6A19\u6E96\u6642", "America/Buenos_Aires" },

        { "ja", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u30A2\u30EB\u30BC\u30F3\u30C1\u30F3\u6A19\u6E96\u6642", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u30A2\u30EB\u30BC\u30F3\u30C1\u30F3\u6A19\u6E96\u6642", "-3:00" },
    // icu ja.txt does not have info for this time zone
        { "ja", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u30D6\u30A8\u30CE\u30B9\u30A2\u30A4\u30EC\u30B9\u6642\u9593", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "ja", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u30A2\u30EB\u30BC\u30F3\u30C1\u30F3\u6A19\u6E96\u6642", "America/Buenos_Aires" },

        { "ja", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0500", "-5:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-05:00", "-5:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-5", "-5:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u30AD\u30E5\u30FC\u30D0\u6A19\u6E96\u6642", "-5:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0400", "-4:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-04:00", "-4:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-4", "-4:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u30AD\u30E5\u30FC\u30D0\u590F\u6642\u9593", "-4:00" },
        { "ja", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30d0\u6642\u9593", "America/Havana" },
        { "ja", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30d0\u6642\u9593", "America/Havana" },

        { "ja", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1100", "+11:00" },
        { "ja", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "ja", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+11", "+11:00" },
        { "ja", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593", "+11:00" },
        { "ja", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1000", "+10:00" },
        { "ja", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "ja", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+10", "+10:00" },
        { "ja", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642", "+10:00" },
    // icu ja.txt does not have info for this time zone
        { "ja", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u30B7\u30C9\u30CB\u30FC\u6642\u9593", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "ja", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2\u6771\u90E8\u6642\u9593", "Australia/Sydney" },

        { "ja", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1100", "+11:00" },
        { "ja", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "ja", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+11", "+11:00" },
        { "ja", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593", "+11:00" },
        { "ja", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1000", "+10:00" },
        { "ja", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "ja", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+10", "+10:00" },
        { "ja", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642", "+10:00" },
        { "ja", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u30B7\u30C9\u30CB\u30FC\u6642\u9593", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "ja", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2\u6771\u90E8\u6642\u9593", "Australia/Sydney" },

        { "ja", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0000", "+0:00" },
        { "ja", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT", "+0:00" },
        { "ja", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT", "+0:00" },
        { "ja", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u30B0\u30EA\u30CB\u30C3\u30B8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642", "+0:00" },
        { "ja", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0100", "+1:00" },
        { "ja", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+01:00", "+1:00" },
        { "ja", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+1", "+1:00" },
        { "ja", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u82f1\u56fd\u590f\u6642\u9593", "+1:00" },
        { "ja", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u6642\u9593", "Europe/London" },
        { "ja", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u6642\u9593", "Europe/London" },
        { "ja", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "VVVV", "\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u6642\u9593", "Europe/London" },

        { "ja", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "ja", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },

        // JB#5150
        { "ja", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0530", "+5:30" },
        { "ja", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+05:30", "+5:30" },
        { "ja", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+5:30", "+5:30" },
        { "ja", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u6A19\u6E96\u6642", "+5:30" },
        { "ja", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0530", "+5:30" },
        { "ja", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+05:30", "+5:30" },
        { "ja", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+5:30", "+05:30" },
        { "ja", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u6A19\u6E96\u6642", "+5:30" },
        { "ja", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u6642\u9593", "Asia/Calcutta" },
        { "ja", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u6A19\u6E96\u6642", "Asia/Calcutta" },

    // ==========
    // - We want a locale here that doesn't have anything in the way of translations
    // - so we can test the fallback behavior.  If "ti" translates some stuff we will
    // - need to choose a different locale.

        { "ti", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0800", "-8:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-08:00", "-8:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-8", "-8:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-08:00", "-8:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0700", "-7:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-07:00", "-7:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-7", "-7:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-07:00", "-7:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Los Angeles", "America/Los_Angeles" },
        { "ti", "America/Los_Angeles", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Los Angeles", "America/Los_Angeles" },

        { "ti", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Buenos Aires", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "ti", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Buenos Aires", "America/Buenos_Aires" },

        { "ti", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Buenos Aires", "America/Buenos_Aires" },
        { "ti", "America/Buenos_Aires", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Buenos Aires", "America/Buenos_Aires" },

        { "ti", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0500", "-5:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-05:00", "-5:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-5", "-5:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Havana", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-05:00", "-5:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0400", "-4:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-04:00", "-4:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-4", "-4:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-04:00", "-4:00" },
        { "ti", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u12A9\u1263", "America/Havana" },
        { "ti", "America/Havana", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u12A9\u1263", "America/Havana" },

        { "ti", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1100", "+11:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+11", "+11:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/ACT", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1000", "+10:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+10", "+10:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Sydney", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "ti", "Australia/ACT", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Sydney", "Australia/Sydney" },

        { "ti", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1100", "+11:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+11", "+11:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT+11:00", "+11:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+1000", "+10:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+10", "+10:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT+10:00", "+10:00" },
        { "ti", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "Sydney", "Australia/Sydney" },
        { "ti", "Australia/Sydney", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Sydney", "Australia/Sydney" },

        { "ti", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0000", "+0:00" },
        { "ti", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT", "+0:00" },
        { "ti", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT", "+0:00" },
        { "ti", "Europe/London", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT", "+0:00" },
        { "ti", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0100", "+1:00" },
        { "ti", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+01:00", "+1:00" },
        { "ti", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+1", "+1:00" },
        { "ti", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "British Summer Time", "+1:00" },
        { "ti", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u12A5\u1295\u130D\u120A\u12DD", "Europe/London" },
        { "ti", "Europe/London", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u12A5\u1295\u130D\u120A\u12DD", "Europe/London" },

        { "ti", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "-0300", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "GMT-3", "-3:00" },
        { "ti", "Etc/GMT+3", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "GMT-03:00", "-3:00" },

        // JB#5150
        { "ti", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0530", "+5:30" },
        { "ti", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+05:30", "+5:30" },
        { "ti", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+5:30", "+5:30" },
        { "ti", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT+05:30", "+5:30" },
        { "ti", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "Z", "+0530", "+5:30" },
        { "ti", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "ZZZZ", "GMT+05:30", "+5:30" },
        { "ti", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+5:30", "+05:30" },
        { "ti", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "GMT+05:30", "+5:30" },
        { "ti", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "v", "\u1205\u1295\u12F2", "Asia/Calcutta" },
        { "ti", "Asia/Calcutta", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "\u1205\u1295\u12F2", "Asia/Calcutta" },

        // Ticket#8589 Partial location name to use country name if the zone is the golden
        // zone for the time zone's country.
        { "en_MX", "America/Chicago", "1995-07-15T00:00:00Z", "vvvv", "Central Time (United States)", "America/Chicago"},

        // Tests proper handling of time zones that should have empty sets when inherited from the parent.
        // For example, en_GB understands CET as Central European Time, but en_HK, which inherits from en_GB
        // does not
        { "en_GB", "Europe/Paris", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Central European Standard Time", "+1:00"},
        { "en_GB", "Europe/Paris", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Central European Summer Time", "+2:00"},
        { "en_GB", "Europe/Paris", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "CET", "+1:00"},
        { "en_GB", "Europe/Paris", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "CEST", "+2:00"},
        { "en_HK", "Europe/Paris", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Central European Standard Time", "+1:00"},
        { "en_HK", "Europe/Paris", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "zzzz", "Central European Summer Time", "+2:00"},
        { "en_HK", "Europe/Paris", "2004-01-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+1", "+1:00"},
        { "en_HK", "Europe/Paris", "2004-07-15T00:00:00Z", "z", "GMT+2", "+2:00"},
    };

    /**
     * Verify that strings which contain incomplete specifications are parsed
     * correctly.  In some instances, this means not being parsed at all, and
     * returning an appropriate error.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestPartialParse994() {

        SimpleDateFormat f = new SimpleDateFormat();
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        cal.clear();
        cal.set(1997, 1 - 1, 17, 10, 11, 42);
        Date date = null;
        tryPat994(f, "yy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss", "97/01/17 10:11:42", cal.getTime());
        tryPat994(f, "yy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss", "97/01/17 10:", date);
        tryPat994(f, "yy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss", "97/01/17 10", date);
        tryPat994(f, "yy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss", "97/01/17 ", date);
        tryPat994(f, "yy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss", "97/01/17", date);
    }

    // internal test subroutine, used by TestPartialParse994
    public void tryPat994(SimpleDateFormat format, String pat, String str, Date expected) {
        Date Null = null;
        logln("Pattern \"" + pat + "\"   String \"" + str + "\"");
        try {
            format.applyPattern(pat);
            Date date = format.parse(str);
            String f = ((DateFormat) format).format(date);
            logln(" parse(" + str + ") -> " + date);
            logln(" format -> " + f);
            if (expected.equals(Null) || !date.equals(expected))
                errln("FAIL: Expected null"); //" + expected);
            if (!f.equals(str))
                errln("FAIL: Expected " + str);
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            logln("ParseException: " + e.getMessage());
            if (!(expected ==Null))
                errln("FAIL: Expected " + expected);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            errln("*** Exception:");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Verify the behavior of patterns in which digits for different fields run together
     * without intervening separators.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestRunTogetherPattern985() {
        String format = "yyyyMMddHHmmssSSS";
        String now, then;
        //UBool flag;
        SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat(format);
        Date date1 = new Date();
        now = ((DateFormat) formatter).format(date1);
        logln(now);
        ParsePosition pos = new ParsePosition(0);
        Date date2 = formatter.parse(now, pos);
        if (date2 == null)
            then = "Parse stopped at " + pos.getIndex();
        else
            then = ((DateFormat) formatter).format(date2);
        logln(then);
        if (date2 == null || !date2.equals(date1))
            errln("FAIL");
    }

    /**
     * Verify the behavior of patterns in which digits for different fields run together
     * without intervening separators.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestRunTogetherPattern917() {
        SimpleDateFormat fmt;
        String myDate;
        fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd");
        myDate = "1997/02/03";
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        cal.clear();
        cal.set(1997, 2 - 1, 3);
        _testIt917(fmt, myDate, cal.getTime());
        fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd");
        myDate = "19970304";
        cal.clear();
        cal.set(1997, 3 - 1, 4);
        _testIt917(fmt, myDate, cal.getTime());

    }

    // internal test subroutine, used by TestRunTogetherPattern917
    private void _testIt917(SimpleDateFormat fmt, String str, Date expected) {
        logln("pattern=" + fmt.toPattern() + "   string=" + str);
        Date o = new Date();
        o = (Date) ((DateFormat) fmt).parseObject(str, new ParsePosition(0));
        logln("Parsed object: " + o);
        if (o == null || !o.equals(expected))
            errln("FAIL: Expected " + expected);
        String formatted = o==null? "null" : ((DateFormat) fmt).format(o);
        logln( "Formatted string: " + formatted);
        if (!formatted.equals(str))
            errln( "FAIL: Expected " + str);
    }

    /**
     * Verify the handling of Czech June and July, which have the unique attribute that
     * one is a proper prefix substring of the other.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestCzechMonths459() {
        DateFormat fmt = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.FULL, new Locale("cs", "", ""));
        logln("Pattern " + ((SimpleDateFormat) fmt).toPattern());
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        cal.clear();
        cal.set(1997, Calendar.JUNE, 15);
        Date june = cal.getTime();
        cal.clear();
        cal.set(1997, Calendar.JULY, 15);
        Date july = cal.getTime();
        String juneStr = fmt.format(june);
        String julyStr = fmt.format(july);
        try {
            logln("format(June 15 1997) = " + juneStr);
            Date d = fmt.parse(juneStr);
            String s = fmt.format(d);
            int month, yr, day;
            cal.setTime(d);
            yr = cal.get(Calendar.YEAR);
            month = cal.get(Calendar.MONTH);
            day = cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
            logln("  . parse . " + s + " (month = " + month + ")");
            if (month != Calendar.JUNE)
                errln("FAIL: Month should be June");
            if (yr != 1997)
                errln("FAIL: Year should be 1997");
            if (day != 15)
                errln("FAIL: day should be 15");
            logln("format(July 15 1997) = " + julyStr);
            d = fmt.parse(julyStr);
            s = fmt.format(d);
            cal.setTime(d);
            yr = cal.get(Calendar.YEAR) - 1900;
            month = cal.get(Calendar.MONTH);
            day = cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
            logln("  . parse . " + s + " (month = " + month + ")");
            if (month != Calendar.JULY)
                errln("FAIL: Month should be July");
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            errln(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Test the handling of 'D' in patterns.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestLetterDPattern212() {
        String dateString = "1995-040.05:01:29";
        String bigD = "yyyy-DDD.hh:mm:ss";
        String littleD = "yyyy-ddd.hh:mm:ss";
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        cal.clear();
        cal.set(1995, 0, 1, 5, 1, 29);
        Date expLittleD = cal.getTime();
        Date expBigD = new Date((long) (expLittleD.getTime() + 39 * 24 * 3600000.0));
        expLittleD = expBigD; // Expect the same, with default lenient parsing
        logln("dateString= " + dateString);
        SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat(bigD);
        ParsePosition pos = new ParsePosition(0);
        Date myDate = formatter.parse(dateString, pos);
        logln("Using " + bigD + " . " + myDate);
        if (!myDate.equals(expBigD))
            errln("FAIL: Expected " + expBigD);
        formatter = new SimpleDateFormat(littleD);
        pos = new ParsePosition(0);
        myDate = formatter.parse(dateString, pos);
        logln("Using " + littleD + " . " + myDate);
        if (!myDate.equals(expLittleD))
            errln("FAIL: Expected " + expLittleD);
    }

    /**
     * Test the day of year pattern.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestDayOfYearPattern195() {
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        Date today = cal.getTime();
        int year,month,day;
        year = cal.get(Calendar.YEAR);
        month = cal.get(Calendar.MONTH);
        day = cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
        cal.clear();
        cal.set(year, month, day);
        Date expected = cal.getTime();
        logln("Test Date: " + today);
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = (SimpleDateFormat)DateFormat.getDateInstance();
        tryPattern(sdf, today, null, expected);
        tryPattern(sdf, today, "G yyyy DDD", expected);
    }

    // interl test subroutine, used by TestDayOfYearPattern195
    public void tryPattern(SimpleDateFormat sdf, Date d, String pattern, Date expected) {
        if (pattern != null)
            sdf.applyPattern(pattern);
        logln("pattern: " + sdf.toPattern());
        String formatResult = ((DateFormat) sdf).format(d);
        logln(" format -> " + formatResult);
        try {
            Date d2 = sdf.parse(formatResult);
            logln(" parse(" + formatResult + ") -> " + d2);
            if (!d2.equals(expected))
                errln("FAIL: Expected " + expected);
            String format2 = ((DateFormat) sdf).format(d2);
            logln(" format -> " + format2);
            if (!formatResult.equals(format2))
                errln("FAIL: Round trip drift");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            errln(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Test the handling of single quotes in patterns.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestQuotePattern161() {
        SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy 'at' hh:mm:ss a zzz", Locale.US);
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        cal.clear();
        cal.set(1997, Calendar.AUGUST, 13, 10, 42, 28);
        Date currentTime_1 = cal.getTime();
        String dateString = ((DateFormat) formatter).format(currentTime_1);
        String exp = "08/13/1997 at 10:42:28 AM ";
        logln("format(" + currentTime_1 + ") = " + dateString);
        if (!dateString.substring(0, exp.length()).equals(exp))
            errln("FAIL: Expected " + exp);

    }

    /**
     * Verify the correct behavior when handling invalid input strings.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestBadInput135() {
        int looks[] = {DateFormat.SHORT, DateFormat.MEDIUM, DateFormat.LONG, DateFormat.FULL};
        int looks_length = looks.length;
        final String[] strings = {"Mar 15", "Mar 15 1997", "asdf", "3/1/97 1:23:", "3/1/00 1:23:45 AM"};
        int strings_length = strings.length;
        DateFormat full = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.LONG, DateFormat.LONG, Locale.US);
        String expected = "March 1, 2000 at 1:23:45 AM ";
        for (int i = 0; i < strings_length; ++i) {
            final String text = strings[i];
            for (int j = 0; j < looks_length; ++j) {
                int dateLook = looks[j];
                for (int k = 0; k < looks_length; ++k) {
                    int timeLook = looks[k];
                    DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(dateLook, timeLook, Locale.US);
                    String prefix = text + ", " + dateLook + "/" + timeLook + ": ";
                    try {
                        Date when = df.parse(text);
                        if (when == null) {
                            errln(prefix + "SHOULD NOT HAPPEN: parse returned null.");
                            continue;
                        }
                        if (when != null) {
                            String format;
                            format = full.format(when);
                            logln(prefix + "OK: " + format);
                            if (!format.substring(0, expected.length()).equals(expected)) {
                                errln("FAIL: Expected <" + expected + ">, but got <"
                                        + format.substring(0, expected.length()) + ">");
                            }
                        }
                    } catch(java.text.ParseException e) {
                        logln(e.getMessage());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Verify the correct behavior when parsing an array of inputs against an
     * array of patterns, with known results.  The results are encoded after
     * the input strings in each row.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestBadInput135a() {

        SimpleDateFormat dateParse = new SimpleDateFormat("", Locale.US);
        final String ss;
        Date date;
        String[] parseFormats ={"MMMM d, yyyy", "MMMM d yyyy", "M/d/yy",
                                "d MMMM, yyyy", "d MMMM yyyy",  "d MMMM",
                                "MMMM d", "yyyy", "h:mm a MMMM d, yyyy" };
        String[] inputStrings = {
            "bogus string", null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null,
                "April 1, 1997", "April 1, 1997", null, null, null, null, null, "April 1", null, null,
                "Jan 1, 1970", "January 1, 1970", null, null, null, null, null, "January 1", null, null,
                "Jan 1 2037", null, "January 1 2037", null, null, null, null, "January 1", null, null,
                "1/1/70", null, null, "1/1/70", null, null, null, null, "0001", null,
                "5 May 1997", null, null, null, null, "5 May 1997", "5 May", null, "0005", null,
                "16 May", null, null, null, null, null, "16 May", null, "0016", null,
                "April 30", null, null, null, null, null, null, "April 30", null, null,
                "1998", null, null, null, null, null, null, null, "1998", null,
                "1", null, null, null, null, null, null, null, "0001", null,
                "3:00 pm Jan 1, 1997", null, null, null, null, null, null, null, "0003", "3:00 PM January 1, 1997",
                };
        final int PF_LENGTH = parseFormats.length;
        final int INPUT_LENGTH = inputStrings.length;

        dateParse.applyPattern("d MMMM, yyyy");
        dateParse.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getDefault());
        ss = "not parseable";
        //    String thePat;
        logln("Trying to parse \"" + ss + "\" with " + dateParse.toPattern());
        try {
            date = dateParse.parse(ss);
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            logln("FAIL:" + ex);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < INPUT_LENGTH; i += (PF_LENGTH + 1)) {
            ParsePosition parsePosition = new ParsePosition(0);
            String s = inputStrings[i];
            for (int index = 0; index < PF_LENGTH; ++index) {
                final String expected = inputStrings[i + 1 + index];
                dateParse.applyPattern(parseFormats[index]);
                dateParse.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getDefault());
                try {
                    parsePosition.setIndex(0);
                    date = dateParse.parse(s, parsePosition);
                    if (parsePosition.getIndex() != 0) {
                        String s1, s2;
                        s1 = s.substring(0, parsePosition.getIndex());
                        s2 = s.substring(parsePosition.getIndex(), s.length());
                        if (date == null) {
                            errln("ERROR: null result fmt=\"" + parseFormats[index]
                                    + "\" pos=" + parsePosition.getIndex()
                                    + " " + s1 + "|" + s2);
                        } else {
                            String result = ((DateFormat) dateParse).format(date);
                            logln("Parsed \"" + s + "\" using \"" + dateParse.toPattern() + "\" to: " + result);
                            if (expected == null)
                                errln("FAIL: Expected parse failure for <" + result + ">");
                            else
                                if (!result.equals(expected))
                                    errln("FAIL: Expected " + expected);
                        }
                    } else
                        if (expected != null) {
                            errln("FAIL: Expected " + expected + " from \"" + s
                                    + "\" with \"" + dateParse.toPattern()+ "\"");
                        }
                } catch (Exception ex) {
                    logln("FAIL:" + ex);
                }
            }
        }

    }

    /**
     * Test the parsing of two-digit years.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestTwoDigitYear() {
        DateFormat fmt = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.SHORT, Locale.US);
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        cal.clear();
        cal.set(130 + 1900, Calendar.JUNE, 5);
        parse2DigitYear(fmt, "6/5/30", cal.getTime());
        cal.clear();
        cal.set(50 + 1900, Calendar.JUNE, 4);
        parse2DigitYear(fmt, "6/4/50", cal.getTime());
    }

    // internal test subroutine, used by TestTwoDigitYear
    public void parse2DigitYear(DateFormat fmt, String str, Date expected) {
        try {
            Date d = fmt.parse(str);
            logln("Parsing \""+ str+ "\" with "+ ((SimpleDateFormat) fmt).toPattern()
                    + "  => "+ d);
            if (!d.equals(expected))
                errln( "FAIL: Expected " + expected);
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            errln(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Test the formatting of time zones.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestDateFormatZone061() {
        Date date;
        DateFormat formatter;
        date = new Date(859248000000L);
        logln("Date 1997/3/25 00:00 GMT: " + date);
        formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MMM-yyyyy HH:mm", Locale.UK);
        formatter.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT"));
        String temp = formatter.format(date);
        logln("Formatted in GMT to: " + temp);
        try {
            Date tempDate = formatter.parse(temp);
            logln("Parsed to: " + tempDate);
            if (!tempDate.equals(date))
                errln("FAIL: Expected " + date + " Got: " + tempDate);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            System.out.println(t);
        }

    }

    /**
     * Test the formatting of time zones.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestDateFormatZone146() {
        TimeZone saveDefault = TimeZone.getDefault();

        //try {
        TimeZone thedefault = TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT");
        TimeZone.setDefault(thedefault);
        // java.util.Locale.setDefault(new java.util.Locale("ar", "", ""));

        // check to be sure... its GMT all right
        TimeZone testdefault = TimeZone.getDefault();
        String testtimezone = testdefault.getID();
        if (testtimezone.equals("GMT"))
            logln("Test timezone = " + testtimezone);
        else
            errln("Test timezone should be GMT, not " + testtimezone);

        // now try to use the default GMT time zone
        GregorianCalendar greenwichcalendar = new GregorianCalendar(1997, 3, 4, 23, 0);
        //*****************************greenwichcalendar.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getDefault());
        //greenwichcalendar.set(1997, 3, 4, 23, 0);
        // try anything to set hour to 23:00 !!!
        greenwichcalendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 23);
        // get time
        Date greenwichdate = greenwichcalendar.getTime();
        // format every way
        String DATA[] = {
                "simple format:  ", "04/04/97 23:00 GMT",
                "MM/dd/yy HH:mm zzz", "full format:    ",
                "Friday, April 4, 1997 11:00:00 o'clock PM GMT",
                "EEEE, MMMM d, yyyy h:mm:ss 'o''clock' a zzz",
                "long format:    ", "April 4, 1997 11:00:00 PM GMT",
                "MMMM d, yyyy h:mm:ss a z", "default format: ",
                "04-Apr-97 11:00:00 PM", "dd-MMM-yy h:mm:ss a",
                "short format:   ", "4/4/97 11:00 PM",
                "M/d/yy h:mm a"};
        int DATA_length = DATA.length;

        for (int i = 0; i < DATA_length; i += 3) {
            DateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat(DATA[i + 2], Locale.ENGLISH);
            fmt.setCalendar(greenwichcalendar);
            String result = fmt.format(greenwichdate);
            logln(DATA[i] + result);
            if (!result.equals(DATA[i + 1]))
                errln("FAIL: Expected " + DATA[i + 1] + ", got " + result);
        }
        //}
        //finally {
        TimeZone.setDefault(saveDefault);
        //}

    }

    /**
     * Test the formatting of dates in different locales.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestLocaleDateFormat() {
        Date testDate = new Date(874306800000L); //Mon Sep 15 00:00:00 PDT 1997
        DateFormat dfFrench = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.FULL, DateFormat.FULL, Locale.FRENCH);
        DateFormat dfUS = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.FULL, DateFormat.FULL, Locale.US);
        //Set TimeZone = PDT
        TimeZone tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone("PST");
        dfFrench.setTimeZone(tz);
        dfUS.setTimeZone(tz);
        String expectedFRENCH_JDK12 = "lundi 15 septembre 1997 \u00E0 00:00:00 heure d\u2019\u00E9t\u00E9 du Pacifique";
        //String expectedFRENCH = "lundi 15 septembre 1997 00 h 00 PDT";
        String expectedUS = "Monday, September 15, 1997 at 12:00:00 AM Pacific Daylight Time";
        logln("Date set to : " + testDate);
        String out = dfFrench.format(testDate);
        logln("Date Formated with French Locale " + out);
        //fix the jdk resources differences between jdk 1.2 and jdk 1.3
        /* our own data only has GMT-xxxx information here
        String javaVersion = System.getProperty("java.version");
        if (javaVersion.startsWith("1.2")) {
            if (!out.equals(expectedFRENCH_JDK12))
                errln("FAIL: Expected " + expectedFRENCH_JDK12+" Got "+out);
        } else {
            if (!out.equals(expectedFRENCH))
                errln("FAIL: Expected " + expectedFRENCH);
        }
        */
        if (!out.equals(expectedFRENCH_JDK12))
            errln("FAIL: Expected " + expectedFRENCH_JDK12+" Got "+out);
        out = dfUS.format(testDate);
        logln("Date Formated with US Locale " + out);
        if (!out.equals(expectedUS))
            errln("FAIL: Expected " + expectedUS+" Got "+out);
    }

    @Test
    public void TestFormattingLocaleTimeSeparator() {
        Date date = new Date(874266720000L);  // Sun Sep 14 21:52:00 CET 1997
        TimeZone tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone("CET");

        DateFormat dfArab = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.SHORT, new ULocale("ar-EG"));
        DateFormat dfLatn = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.SHORT, new ULocale("ar-EG-u-nu-latn"));

        dfArab.setTimeZone(tz);
        dfLatn.setTimeZone(tz);

        String expectedArab = "\u0669:\u0665\u0662 \u0645";
        String expectedLatn = "9:52 \u0645";

        String actualArab = dfArab.format(date);
        String actualLatn = dfLatn.format(date);

        if (!actualArab.equals(expectedArab)) {
            errln("FAIL: Expected " + expectedArab + " Got " + actualArab);
        }
        if (!actualLatn.equals(expectedLatn)) {
            errln("FAIL: Expected " + expectedLatn + " Got " + actualLatn);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Test the formatting of dates with the 'NONE' keyword.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestDateFormatNone() {
        Date testDate = new Date(874306800000L); //Mon Sep 15 00:00:00 PDT 1997
        DateFormat dfFrench = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.FULL, DateFormat.NONE, Locale.FRENCH);
        //Set TimeZone = PDT
        TimeZone tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone("PST");
        dfFrench.setTimeZone(tz);
        String expectedFRENCH_JDK12 = "lundi 15 septembre 1997";
        //String expectedFRENCH = "lundi 15 septembre 1997 00 h 00 PDT";
        logln("Date set to : " + testDate);
        String out = dfFrench.format(testDate);
        logln("Date Formated with French Locale " + out);
        if (!out.equals(expectedFRENCH_JDK12))
            errln("FAIL: Expected " + expectedFRENCH_JDK12+" Got "+out);
    }


    /**
     * Test DateFormat(Calendar) API
     */
    @Test
    public void TestDateFormatCalendar() {
        DateFormat date=null, time=null, full=null;
        Calendar cal=null;
        ParsePosition pos = new ParsePosition(0);
        String str;
        Date when;

        /* Create a formatter for date fields. */
        date = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.SHORT, Locale.US);
        if (date == null) {
            errln("FAIL: getDateInstance failed");
            return;
        }

        /* Create a formatter for time fields. */
        time = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.SHORT, Locale.US);
        if (time == null) {
            errln("FAIL: getTimeInstance failed");
            return;
        }

        /* Create a full format for output */
        full = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.FULL, DateFormat.FULL,
                                              Locale.US);
        if (full == null) {
            errln("FAIL: getInstance failed");
            return;
        }

        /* Create a calendar */
        cal = Calendar.getInstance(Locale.US);
        if (cal == null) {
            errln("FAIL: Calendar.getInstance failed");
            return;
        }

        /* Parse the date */
        cal.clear();
        str = "4/5/2001";
        pos.setIndex(0);
        date.parse(str, cal, pos);
        if (pos.getIndex() != str.length()) {
            errln("FAIL: DateFormat.parse(4/5/2001) failed at " +
                  pos.getIndex());
            return;
        }

        /* Parse the time */
        str = "5:45 PM";
        pos.setIndex(0);
        time.parse(str, cal, pos);
        if (pos.getIndex() != str.length()) {
            errln("FAIL: DateFormat.parse(17:45) failed at " +
                  pos.getIndex());
            return;
        }

        /* Check result */
        when = cal.getTime();
        str = full.format(when);
        // Thursday, April 5, 2001 5:45:00 PM PDT 986517900000
        if (when.getTime() == 986517900000.0) {
            logln("Ok: Parsed result: " + str);
        } else {
            errln("FAIL: Parsed result: " + str + ", exp 4/5/2001 5:45 PM");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Test DateFormat's parsing of space characters.  See jitterbug 1916.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestSpaceParsing() {

        String DATA[] = {
            "yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss",

            // pattern, input, expected output (in quotes)
            "MMMM d yy", " 04 05 06",  null, // MMMM wants Apr/April
            null,        "04 05 06",   null,
            "MM d yy",   " 04 05 06",  "2006 04 05 00:00:00",
            null,        "04 05 06",   "2006 04 05 00:00:00",
            "MMMM d yy", " Apr 05 06", "2006 04 05 00:00:00",
            null,        "Apr 05 06",  "2006 04 05 00:00:00",

            "hh:mm:ss a", "12:34:56 PM", "1970 01 01 12:34:56",
            null,         "12:34:56PM",  "1970 01 01 12:34:56",
            // parsing the following comes with using a TIME_SEPARATOR
            // pattern character, which has been withdrawn.
            //null,         "12.34.56PM",  "1970 01 01 12:34:56",
            //null,         "12 : 34 : 56  PM", "1970 01 01 12:34:56",
        };

        expectParse(DATA, new Locale("en", "", ""));
    }

    /**
     * Test handling of "HHmmss" pattern.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestExactCountFormat() {
        String DATA[] = {
            "yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss",

            // pattern, input, expected parse or null if expect parse failure
            "HHmmss", "123456", "1970 01 01 12:34:56",
            null,     "12345",  "1970 01 01 01:23:45",
            null,     "1234",   null,
            null,     "00-05",  null,
            null,     "12-34",  null,
            null,     "00+05",  null,
            "ahhmm",  "PM730",  "1970 01 01 19:30:00",
        };

        expectParse(DATA, new Locale("en", "", ""));
    }

    /**
     * Test handling of white space.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestWhiteSpaceParsing() {
        String DATA[] = {
            "yyyy MM dd",

            // pattern, input, expected parse or null if expect parse failure

            // Pattern space run should parse input text space run
            "MM   d yy",   " 04 01 03",    "2003 04 01",
            null,          " 04  01   03 ", "2003 04 01",
        };

        expectParse(DATA, new Locale("en", "", ""));
    }

    @Test
    public void TestInvalidPattern() {
        Exception e = null;
        SimpleDateFormat f = null;
        String out = null;
        try {
            f = new SimpleDateFormat("Yesterday");
            out = f.format(new Date(0));
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e1) {
            e = e1;
        }
        if (e != null) {
            logln("Ok: Received " + e.getMessage());
        } else {
            errln("FAIL: Expected exception, got " + f.toPattern() +
                  "; " + out);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestGreekMay() {
        Date date = new Date(-9896080848000L);
        SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("EEEE, dd MMMM yyyy h:mm:ss a",
                             new Locale("el", "", ""));
        String str = fmt.format(date);
        ParsePosition pos = new ParsePosition(0);
        Date d2 = fmt.parse(str, pos);
        if (!date.equals(d2)) {
            errln("FAIL: unable to parse strings where case-folding changes length");
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestErrorChecking() {
        try {
            DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(-1, -1, Locale.US);
            errln("Expected exception for getDateTimeInstance(-1, -1, Locale)");
        }
        catch(IllegalArgumentException e) {
            logln("one ok");
        }
        catch(Exception e) {
            warnln("Expected IllegalArgumentException, got: " + e);
        }

        try {
            DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("aaNNccc");
            df.format(new Date());
            errln("Expected exception for format with bad pattern");
        }
        catch(IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            logln("two ok");
        }
        catch(Exception e) {
            warnln("Expected IllegalArgumentException, got: " + e);
        }

        {
            SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yy"); // opposite of text
            fmt.set2DigitYearStart(getDate(2003, Calendar.DECEMBER, 25));
            String text = "12/25/03";
            Calendar xcal = new GregorianCalendar();
            xcal.setLenient(false);
            ParsePosition pp = new ParsePosition(0);
            fmt.parse(text, xcal, pp); // should get parse error on second field, not lenient
            if (pp.getErrorIndex() == -1) {
                errln("Expected parse error");
            } else {
                logln("three ok");
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestChineseDateFormatLocalizedPatternChars() {
        // jb 4904
        // make sure we can display localized versions of the chars used in the default
        // chinese date format patterns
        Calendar chineseCalendar = new ChineseCalendar();
        chineseCalendar.setTimeInMillis((new Date()).getTime());
        SimpleDateFormat longChineseDateFormat =
            (SimpleDateFormat)chineseCalendar.getDateTimeFormat(DateFormat.LONG, DateFormat.LONG, Locale.CHINA );
        DateFormatSymbols dfs = new ChineseDateFormatSymbols( chineseCalendar, Locale.CHINA );
        longChineseDateFormat.setDateFormatSymbols( dfs );
        // This next line throws the exception
        try {
            longChineseDateFormat.toLocalizedPattern();
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            errln("could not localized pattern: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestCoverage() {
        Date now = new Date();
        Calendar cal = new GregorianCalendar();
        DateFormat f = DateFormat.getTimeInstance();
        logln("time: " + f.format(now));

        int hash = f.hashCode(); // sigh, everyone overrides this

        f = DateFormat.getInstance(cal);
        if(hash == f.hashCode()){
            errln("FAIL: hashCode equal for inequal objects");
        }
        logln("time again: " + f.format(now));

        f = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(cal, DateFormat.FULL);
        logln("time yet again: " + f.format(now));

        f = DateFormat.getDateInstance();
        logln("time yet again: " + f.format(now));

        ICUResourceBundle rb = (ICUResourceBundle)UResourceBundle.getBundleInstance(ICUData.ICU_BASE_NAME,"de_DE");
        DateFormatSymbols sym = new DateFormatSymbols(rb, Locale.GERMANY);
        DateFormatSymbols sym2 = (DateFormatSymbols)sym.clone();
        if (sym.hashCode() != sym2.hashCode()) {
            errln("fail, date format symbols hashcode not equal");
        }
        if (!sym.equals(sym2)) {
            errln("fail, date format symbols not equal");
        }

        Locale foo = new Locale("fu", "FU", "BAR");
        rb = null;
        sym = new DateFormatSymbols(GregorianCalendar.class, foo);
        sym.equals(null);

        sym = new ChineseDateFormatSymbols();
        sym = new ChineseDateFormatSymbols(new Locale("en_US"));
        try{
            sym = new ChineseDateFormatSymbols(null, new Locale("en_US"));
            errln("ChineseDateFormatSymbols(Calender, Locale) was suppose to return a null " +
                    "pointer exception for a null paramater.");
        } catch(Exception e){}
        sym = new ChineseDateFormatSymbols(new ChineseCalendar(), new Locale("en_US"));
        try{
            sym = new ChineseDateFormatSymbols(null, new ULocale("en_US"));
            errln("ChineseDateFormatSymbols(Calender, ULocale) was suppose to return a null " +
                    "pointer exception for a null paramater.");
        } catch(Exception e){}
        sym = new ChineseDateFormatSymbols(new ChineseCalendar(), foo);
        // cover new ChineseDateFormatSymbols(Calendar, ULocale)
        ChineseCalendar ccal = new ChineseCalendar();
        sym = new ChineseDateFormatSymbols(ccal, ULocale.CHINA); //gclsh1 add

        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        FieldPosition pos = new FieldPosition(0);

        f.format((Object)cal, buf, pos);
        f.format((Object)now, buf, pos);
        f.format(new Long(now.getTime()), buf, pos);
        try {
            f.format("Howdy", buf, pos);
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
        }

        NumberFormat nf = f.getNumberFormat();
        f.setNumberFormat(nf);

        boolean lenient = f.isLenient();
        f.setLenient(lenient);

        ULocale uloc = f.getLocale(ULocale.ACTUAL_LOCALE);

        DateFormat sdfmt = new SimpleDateFormat();

        if (f.hashCode() != f.hashCode()) {
            errln("hashCode is not stable");
        }
        if (!f.equals(f)) {
            errln("f != f");
        }
        if (f.equals(null)) {
            errln("f should not equal null");
        }
        if (f.equals(sdfmt)) {
            errln("A time instance shouldn't equal a default date format");
        }

        Date d;
        {
            ChineseDateFormat fmt = new ChineseDateFormat("yymm", Locale.US);
            try {
                fmt.parse("2"); // fewer symbols than required 2
                errln("whoops");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                logln("ok");
            }

            try {
                fmt.parse("2255"); // should succeed with obeycount
                logln("ok");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("whoops");
            }

            try {
                fmt.parse("ni hao"); // not a number, should fail
                errln("whoops ni hao");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                logln("ok ni hao");
            }
        }
        {
            Calendar xcal = new GregorianCalendar();
            xcal.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
            DateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("k");
            StringBuffer xbuf = new StringBuffer();
            FieldPosition fpos = new FieldPosition(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
            fmt.format(xcal, xbuf, fpos);
            try {
                fmt.parse(xbuf.toString());
                logln("ok");

                xbuf.setLength(0);
                xcal.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 25);
                fmt.format(xcal, xbuf, fpos);
                Date d2 = fmt.parse(xbuf.toString());
                logln("ok again - d2=" + d2);
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("whoops");
            }
        }

        {
            // cover gmt+hh:mm
            DateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yy z");
            try {
                d = fmt.parse("07/10/53 GMT+10:00");
                logln("ok : d = " + d);
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("Parse of 07/10/53 GMT+10:00 for pattern MM/dd/yy z");
            }

            // cover invalid separator after GMT
            {
                ParsePosition pp = new ParsePosition(0);
                String text = "07/10/53 GMT=10:00";
                d = fmt.parse(text, pp);
                if(pp.getIndex()!=12){
                    errln("Parse of 07/10/53 GMT=10:00 for pattern MM/dd/yy z");
                }
                logln("Parsing of the text stopped at pos: " + pp.getIndex() + " as expected and length is "+text.length());
            }

            // cover bad text after GMT+.
            try {
                fmt.parse("07/10/53 GMT+blecch");
                logln("ok GMT+blecch");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("whoops GMT+blecch");
            }

            // cover bad text after GMT+hh:.
            try {
                fmt.parse("07/10/53 GMT+07:blecch");
                logln("ok GMT+xx:blecch");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("whoops GMT+xx:blecch");
            }

            // cover no ':' GMT+#, # < 24 (hh)
            try {
                d = fmt.parse("07/10/53 GMT+07");
                logln("ok GMT+07");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("Parse of 07/10/53 GMT+07 for pattern MM/dd/yy z");
            }

            // cover no ':' GMT+#, # > 24 (hhmm)
            try {
                d = fmt.parse("07/10/53 GMT+0730");
                logln("ok");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("Parse of 07/10/53 GMT+0730 for pattern MM/dd/yy z");
            }

            // cover GMT+#, # with second field
            try {
                d = fmt.parse("07/10/53 GMT+07:30:15");
                logln("ok GMT+07:30:15");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("Parse of 07/10/53 GMT+07:30:15 for pattern MM/dd/yy z");
            }

            // cover no ':' GMT+#, # with second field, no leading zero
            try {
                d = fmt.parse("07/10/53 GMT+73015");
                logln("ok GMT+73015");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("Parse of 07/10/53 GMT+73015 for pattern MM/dd/yy z");
            }

            // cover no ':' GMT+#, # with 1 digit second field
            try {
                d = fmt.parse("07/10/53 GMT+07300");
                logln("ok GMT+07300");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("Parse of 07/10/53 GMT+07300 for pattern MM/dd/yy z");
            }

            // cover raw digits with no leading sign (bad RFC822)
            try {
                d = fmt.parse("07/10/53 07");
                errln("Parse of 07/10/53 07 for pattern MM/dd/yy z passed!");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                logln("ok");
            }

            // cover raw digits (RFC822)
            try {
                d = fmt.parse("07/10/53 +07");
                logln("ok");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("Parse of 07/10/53 +07 for pattern MM/dd/yy z failed");
            }

            // cover raw digits (RFC822)
            try {
                d = fmt.parse("07/10/53 -0730");
                logln("ok");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("Parse of 07/10/53 -00730 for pattern MM/dd/yy z failed");
            }

            // cover raw digits (RFC822) in DST
            try {
                fmt.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("PDT"));
                d = fmt.parse("07/10/53 -0730");
                logln("ok");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("Parse of 07/10/53 -0730 for pattern MM/dd/yy z failed");
            }
        }

        // TODO: revisit toLocalizedPattern
        if (false) {
            SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("aabbcc");
            try {
                String pat = fmt.toLocalizedPattern();
                errln("whoops, shouldn't have been able to localize aabbcc");
            }
            catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                logln("aabbcc localize ok");
            }
        }

        {
            SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("'aabbcc");
            try {
                fmt.toLocalizedPattern();
                errln("whoops, localize unclosed quote");
            }
            catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                logln("localize unclosed quote ok");
            }
        }
        {
            SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yy z");
            String text = "08/15/58 DBDY"; // bogus time zone
            try {
                fmt.parse(text);
                errln("recognized bogus time zone DBDY");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                logln("time zone ex ok");
            }
        }

        {
            // force fallback to default timezone when fmt timezone
            // is not named
            SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yy z");
            // force fallback to default time zone, still fails
            fmt.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+0147")); // not in equivalency group
            String text = "08/15/58 DBDY";
            try {
                fmt.parse(text);
                errln("Parse of 07/10/53 DBDY for pattern MM/dd/yy z passed");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                logln("time zone ex2 ok");
            }

            // force success on fallback
            text = "08/15/58 " + TimeZone.getDefault().getDisplayName(true, TimeZone.SHORT);
            try {
                fmt.parse(text);
                logln("found default tz");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("whoops, got parse exception");
            }
        }

        {
            // force fallback to symbols list of timezones when neither
            // fmt and default timezone is named
            SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yy z");
            TimeZone oldtz = TimeZone.getDefault();
            TimeZone newtz = TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+0137"); // nonstandard tz
            fmt.setTimeZone(newtz);
            TimeZone.setDefault(newtz); // todo: fix security issue

            // fallback to symbol list, but fail
            String text = "08/15/58 DBDY"; // try to parse the bogus time zone
            try {
                fmt.parse(text);
                errln("Parse of 07/10/53 DBDY for pattern MM/dd/yy z passed");
            }
            catch (ParseException e) {
                logln("time zone ex3 ok");
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                // hmmm... this shouldn't happen.  don't want to exit this
                // fn with timezone improperly set, so just in case
                TimeZone.setDefault(oldtz);
                throw new IllegalStateException(e.getMessage());
            }
        }

        {
            //cover getAvailableULocales
            final ULocale[] locales = DateFormat.getAvailableULocales();
            long count = locales.length;
            if (count==0) {
                errln(" got a empty list for getAvailableULocales");
            }else{
                logln("" + count + " available ulocales");
            }
        }

        {
            //cover DateFormatSymbols.getDateFormatBundle
            cal = new GregorianCalendar();
            Locale loc = Locale.getDefault();
            DateFormatSymbols mysym = new DateFormatSymbols(cal, loc);
            if (mysym == null)
                errln("FAIL: constructs DateFormatSymbols with calendar and locale failed");

            uloc = ULocale.getDefault();
            // These APIs are obsolete and return null
            ResourceBundle resb = DateFormatSymbols.getDateFormatBundle(cal, loc);
            ResourceBundle resb2 = DateFormatSymbols.getDateFormatBundle(cal, uloc);
            ResourceBundle resb3 = DateFormatSymbols.getDateFormatBundle(cal.getClass(), loc);
            ResourceBundle resb4 = DateFormatSymbols.getDateFormatBundle(cal.getClass(), uloc);

            if (resb != null) {
                logln("resb is not null");
            }
            if (resb2 != null) {
                logln("resb2 is not null");
            }
            if (resb3 != null) {
                logln("resb3 is not null");
            }
            if (resb4 != null) {
                logln("resb4 is not null");
            }
        }

        {
            //cover DateFormatSymbols.getInstance
            DateFormatSymbols datsym1 = DateFormatSymbols.getInstance();
            DateFormatSymbols datsym2 = new DateFormatSymbols();
            if (!datsym1.equals(datsym2)) {
                errln("FAIL: DateFormatSymbols returned by getInstance()" +
                        "does not match new DateFormatSymbols().");
            }
            datsym1 = DateFormatSymbols.getInstance(Locale.JAPAN);
            datsym2 = DateFormatSymbols.getInstance(ULocale.JAPAN);
            if (!datsym1.equals(datsym2)) {
                errln("FAIL: DateFormatSymbols returned by getInstance(Locale.JAPAN)" +
                        "does not match the one returned by getInstance(ULocale.JAPAN).");
            }
        }
        {
            //cover DateFormatSymbols.getAvailableLocales/getAvailableULocales
            Locale[] allLocales = DateFormatSymbols.getAvailableLocales();
            if (allLocales.length == 0) {
                errln("FAIL: Got a empty list for DateFormatSymbols.getAvailableLocales");
            } else {
                logln("PASS: " + allLocales.length +
                        " available locales returned by DateFormatSymbols.getAvailableLocales");
            }

            ULocale[] allULocales = DateFormatSymbols.getAvailableULocales();
            if (allULocales.length == 0) {
                errln("FAIL: Got a empty list for DateFormatSymbols.getAvailableLocales");
            } else {
                logln("PASS: " + allULocales.length +
                        " available locales returned by DateFormatSymbols.getAvailableULocales");
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestStandAloneMonths()
    {
        String EN_DATA[] = {
            "yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss",

            "yyyy LLLL dd H:mm:ss", "fp", "2004 03 10 16:36:31", "2004 March 10 16:36:31", "2004 03 10 16:36:31",
            "yyyy LLL dd H:mm:ss",  "fp", "2004 03 10 16:36:31", "2004 Mar 10 16:36:31",   "2004 03 10 16:36:31",
            "yyyy LLLL dd H:mm:ss", "F",  "2004 03 10 16:36:31", "2004 March 10 16:36:31",
            "yyyy LLL dd H:mm:ss",  "pf", "2004 Mar 10 16:36:31", "2004 03 10 16:36:31", "2004 Mar 10 16:36:31",

            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "January",   "1970 01 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 02 01 0:00:00", "February",  "1970 02 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 03 01 0:00:00", "March",     "1970 03 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 04 01 0:00:00", "April",     "1970 04 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 05 01 0:00:00", "May",       "1970 05 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 06 01 0:00:00", "June",      "1970 06 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 07 01 0:00:00", "July",      "1970 07 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 08 01 0:00:00", "August",    "1970 08 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 09 01 0:00:00", "September", "1970 09 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 10 01 0:00:00", "October",   "1970 10 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 11 01 0:00:00", "November",  "1970 11 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 12 01 0:00:00", "December",  "1970 12 01 0:00:00",

            "LLL", "fp", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "Jan", "1970 01 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 02 01 0:00:00", "Feb", "1970 02 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 03 01 0:00:00", "Mar", "1970 03 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 04 01 0:00:00", "Apr", "1970 04 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 05 01 0:00:00", "May", "1970 05 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 06 01 0:00:00", "Jun", "1970 06 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 07 01 0:00:00", "Jul", "1970 07 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 08 01 0:00:00", "Aug", "1970 08 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 09 01 0:00:00", "Sep", "1970 09 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 10 01 0:00:00", "Oct", "1970 10 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 11 01 0:00:00", "Nov", "1970 11 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 12 01 0:00:00", "Dec", "1970 12 01 0:00:00",
        };

        String CS_DATA[] = {
            "yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss",

            "yyyy LLLL dd H:mm:ss", "fp", "2004 04 10 16:36:31", "2004 duben 10 16:36:31", "2004 04 10 16:36:31",
            "yyyy MMMM dd H:mm:ss", "fp", "2004 04 10 16:36:31", "2004 dubna 10 16:36:31", "2004 04 10 16:36:31",
            "yyyy LLL dd H:mm:ss",  "fp", "2004 04 10 16:36:31", "2004 dub 10 16:36:31",   "2004 04 10 16:36:31",
            "yyyy LLLL dd H:mm:ss", "F",  "2004 04 10 16:36:31", "2004 duben 10 16:36:31",
            "yyyy MMMM dd H:mm:ss", "F",  "2004 04 10 16:36:31", "2004 dubna 10 16:36:31",
            "yyyy LLLL dd H:mm:ss", "pf", "2004 duben 10 16:36:31", "2004 04 10 16:36:31", "2004 duben 10 16:36:31",
            "yyyy MMMM dd H:mm:ss", "pf", "2004 dubna 10 16:36:31", "2004 04 10 16:36:31", "2004 dubna 10 16:36:31",

            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "leden",               "1970 01 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 02 01 0:00:00", "\u00FAnor",           "1970 02 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 03 01 0:00:00", "b\u0159ezen",         "1970 03 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 04 01 0:00:00", "duben",               "1970 04 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 05 01 0:00:00", "kv\u011Bten",         "1970 05 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 06 01 0:00:00", "\u010Derven",         "1970 06 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 07 01 0:00:00", "\u010Dervenec",       "1970 07 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 08 01 0:00:00", "srpen",               "1970 08 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 09 01 0:00:00", "z\u00E1\u0159\u00ED", "1970 09 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 10 01 0:00:00", "\u0159\u00EDjen",     "1970 10 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 11 01 0:00:00", "listopad",            "1970 11 01 0:00:00",
            "LLLL", "fp", "1970 12 01 0:00:00", "prosinec",            "1970 12 01 0:00:00",

            "LLL", "fp", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "led",                  "1970 01 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 02 01 0:00:00", "\u00FAno",             "1970 02 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 03 01 0:00:00", "b\u0159e",             "1970 03 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 04 01 0:00:00", "dub",                  "1970 04 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 05 01 0:00:00", "kv\u011B",             "1970 05 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 06 01 0:00:00", "\u010Dvn",             "1970 06 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 07 01 0:00:00", "\u010Dvc",             "1970 07 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 08 01 0:00:00", "srp",                  "1970 08 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 09 01 0:00:00", "z\u00E1\u0159",        "1970 09 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 10 01 0:00:00", "\u0159\u00EDj",        "1970 10 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 11 01 0:00:00", "lis",                  "1970 11 01 0:00:00",
            "LLL", "fp", "1970 12 01 0:00:00", "pro",                  "1970 12 01 0:00:00",
        };

        expect(EN_DATA, new Locale("en", "", ""));
        expect(CS_DATA, new Locale("cs", "", ""));
    }

    @Test
    public void TestStandAloneDays()
    {
        String EN_DATA[] = {
            "yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss",

            "cccc", "fp", "1970 01 04 0:00:00", "Sunday",    "1970 01 04 0:00:00",
            "cccc", "fp", "1970 01 05 0:00:00", "Monday",    "1970 01 05 0:00:00",
            "cccc", "fp", "1970 01 06 0:00:00", "Tuesday",   "1970 01 06 0:00:00",
            "cccc", "fp", "1970 01 07 0:00:00", "Wednesday", "1970 01 07 0:00:00",
            "cccc", "fp", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "Thursday",  "1970 01 01 0:00:00",
            "cccc", "fp", "1970 01 02 0:00:00", "Friday",    "1970 01 02 0:00:00",
            "cccc", "fp", "1970 01 03 0:00:00", "Saturday",  "1970 01 03 0:00:00",

            "ccc", "fp", "1970 01 04 0:00:00", "Sun", "1970 01 04 0:00:00",
            "ccc", "fp", "1970 01 05 0:00:00", "Mon", "1970 01 05 0:00:00",
            "ccc", "fp", "1970 01 06 0:00:00", "Tue", "1970 01 06 0:00:00",
            "ccc", "fp", "1970 01 07 0:00:00", "Wed", "1970 01 07 0:00:00",
            "ccc", "fp", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "Thu", "1970 01 01 0:00:00",
            "ccc", "fp", "1970 01 02 0:00:00", "Fri", "1970 01 02 0:00:00",
            "ccc", "fp", "1970 01 03 0:00:00", "Sat", "1970 01 03 0:00:00",
        };

        String CS_DATA[] = {
            "yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss",

            "cccc", "fp", "1970 01 04 0:00:00", "ned\u011Ble",       "1970 01 04 0:00:00",
            "cccc", "fp", "1970 01 05 0:00:00", "pond\u011Bl\u00ED", "1970 01 05 0:00:00",
            "cccc", "fp", "1970 01 06 0:00:00", "\u00FAter\u00FD",   "1970 01 06 0:00:00",
            "cccc", "fp", "1970 01 07 0:00:00", "st\u0159eda",       "1970 01 07 0:00:00",
            "cccc", "fp", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "\u010Dtvrtek",      "1970 01 01 0:00:00",
            "cccc", "fp", "1970 01 02 0:00:00", "p\u00E1tek",        "1970 01 02 0:00:00",
            "cccc", "fp", "1970 01 03 0:00:00", "sobota",            "1970 01 03 0:00:00",

            "ccc", "fp", "1970 01 04 0:00:00", "ne",      "1970 01 04 0:00:00",
            "ccc", "fp", "1970 01 05 0:00:00", "po",      "1970 01 05 0:00:00",
            "ccc", "fp", "1970 01 06 0:00:00", "\u00FAt", "1970 01 06 0:00:00",
            "ccc", "fp", "1970 01 07 0:00:00", "st",      "1970 01 07 0:00:00",
            "ccc", "fp", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "\u010Dt", "1970 01 01 0:00:00",
            "ccc", "fp", "1970 01 02 0:00:00", "p\u00E1", "1970 01 02 0:00:00",
            "ccc", "fp", "1970 01 03 0:00:00", "so",      "1970 01 03 0:00:00",
        };

        expect(EN_DATA, new Locale("en", "", ""));
        expect(CS_DATA, new Locale("cs", "", ""));
    }

    @Test
    public void TestShortDays()
    {
        String EN_DATA[] = {
            "yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss",

            "EEEEEE, MMM d y", "fp", "2013 01 13 0:00:00", "Su, Jan 13 2013", "2013 01 13 0:00:00",
            "EEEEEE, MMM d y", "fp", "2013 01 16 0:00:00", "We, Jan 16 2013", "2013 01 16 0:00:00",
            "EEEEEE d",        "fp", "1970 01 17 0:00:00", "Sa 17",           "1970 01 17 0:00:00",
            "cccccc d",        "fp", "1970 01 17 0:00:00", "Sa 17",           "1970 01 17 0:00:00",
            "cccccc",          "fp", "1970 01 03 0:00:00", "Sa",              "1970 01 03 0:00:00",
        };

        String SV_DATA[] = {
            "yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss",

            "EEEEEE d MMM y",  "fp", "2013 01 13 0:00:00", "s\u00F6 13 jan. 2013", "2013 01 13 0:00:00",
            "EEEEEE d MMM y",  "fp", "2013 01 16 0:00:00", "on 16 jan. 2013",      "2013 01 16 0:00:00",
            "EEEEEE d",        "fp", "1970 01 17 0:00:00", "l\u00F6 17",          "1970 01 17 0:00:00",
            "cccccc d",        "fp", "1970 01 17 0:00:00", "l\u00F6 17",          "1970 01 17 0:00:00",
            "cccccc",          "fp", "1970 01 03 0:00:00", "l\u00F6",             "1970 01 03 0:00:00",
        };

        expect(EN_DATA, new Locale("en", "", ""));
        expect(SV_DATA, new Locale("sv", "", ""));
    }

    @Test
    public void TestNarrowNames()
    {
        String EN_DATA[] = {
                "yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss",

                "yyyy MMMMM dd H:mm:ss", "2004 03 10 16:36:31", "2004 M 10 16:36:31",
                "yyyy LLLLL dd H:mm:ss",  "2004 03 10 16:36:31", "2004 M 10 16:36:31",

                "MMMMM", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "J",
                "MMMMM", "1970 02 01 0:00:00", "F",
                "MMMMM", "1970 03 01 0:00:00", "M",
                "MMMMM", "1970 04 01 0:00:00", "A",
                "MMMMM", "1970 05 01 0:00:00", "M",
                "MMMMM", "1970 06 01 0:00:00", "J",
                "MMMMM", "1970 07 01 0:00:00", "J",
                "MMMMM", "1970 08 01 0:00:00", "A",
                "MMMMM", "1970 09 01 0:00:00", "S",
                "MMMMM", "1970 10 01 0:00:00", "O",
                "MMMMM", "1970 11 01 0:00:00", "N",
                "MMMMM", "1970 12 01 0:00:00", "D",

                "LLLLL", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "J",
                "LLLLL", "1970 02 01 0:00:00", "F",
                "LLLLL", "1970 03 01 0:00:00", "M",
                "LLLLL", "1970 04 01 0:00:00", "A",
                "LLLLL", "1970 05 01 0:00:00", "M",
                "LLLLL", "1970 06 01 0:00:00", "J",
                "LLLLL", "1970 07 01 0:00:00", "J",
                "LLLLL", "1970 08 01 0:00:00", "A",
                "LLLLL", "1970 09 01 0:00:00", "S",
                "LLLLL", "1970 10 01 0:00:00", "O",
                "LLLLL", "1970 11 01 0:00:00", "N",
                "LLLLL", "1970 12 01 0:00:00", "D",

                "EEEEE", "1970 01 04 0:00:00", "S",
                "EEEEE", "1970 01 05 0:00:00", "M",
                "EEEEE", "1970 01 06 0:00:00", "T",
                "EEEEE", "1970 01 07 0:00:00", "W",
                "EEEEE", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "T",
                "EEEEE", "1970 01 02 0:00:00", "F",
                "EEEEE", "1970 01 03 0:00:00", "S",

                "ccccc", "1970 01 04 0:00:00", "S",
                "ccccc", "1970 01 05 0:00:00", "M",
                "ccccc", "1970 01 06 0:00:00", "T",
                "ccccc", "1970 01 07 0:00:00", "W",
                "ccccc", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "T",
                "ccccc", "1970 01 02 0:00:00", "F",
                "ccccc", "1970 01 03 0:00:00", "S",

                "h:mm a",     "2015 01 01 10:00:00", "10:00 AM",
                "h:mm a",     "2015 01 01 22:00:00", "10:00 PM",
                "h:mm aaaaa", "2015 01 01 10:00:00", "10:00 a",
                "h:mm aaaaa", "2015 01 01 22:00:00", "10:00 p",
            };

            String CS_DATA[] = {
                "yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss",

                "yyyy LLLLL dd H:mm:ss", "2004 04 10 16:36:31", "2004 4 10 16:36:31",
                "yyyy MMMMM dd H:mm:ss", "2004 04 10 16:36:31", "2004 4 10 16:36:31",

                "MMMMM", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "1",
                "MMMMM", "1970 02 01 0:00:00", "2",
                "MMMMM", "1970 03 01 0:00:00", "3",
                "MMMMM", "1970 04 01 0:00:00", "4",
                "MMMMM", "1970 05 01 0:00:00", "5",
                "MMMMM", "1970 06 01 0:00:00", "6",
                "MMMMM", "1970 07 01 0:00:00", "7",
                "MMMMM", "1970 08 01 0:00:00", "8",
                "MMMMM", "1970 09 01 0:00:00", "9",
                "MMMMM", "1970 10 01 0:00:00", "10",
                "MMMMM", "1970 11 01 0:00:00", "11",
                "MMMMM", "1970 12 01 0:00:00", "12",

                "LLLLL", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "1",
                "LLLLL", "1970 02 01 0:00:00", "2",
                "LLLLL", "1970 03 01 0:00:00", "3",
                "LLLLL", "1970 04 01 0:00:00", "4",
                "LLLLL", "1970 05 01 0:00:00", "5",
                "LLLLL", "1970 06 01 0:00:00", "6",
                "LLLLL", "1970 07 01 0:00:00", "7",
                "LLLLL", "1970 08 01 0:00:00", "8",
                "LLLLL", "1970 09 01 0:00:00", "9",
                "LLLLL", "1970 10 01 0:00:00", "10",
                "LLLLL", "1970 11 01 0:00:00", "11",
                "LLLLL", "1970 12 01 0:00:00", "12",

                "EEEEE", "1970 01 04 0:00:00", "N",
                "EEEEE", "1970 01 05 0:00:00", "P",
                "EEEEE", "1970 01 06 0:00:00", "\u00DA",
                "EEEEE", "1970 01 07 0:00:00", "S",
                "EEEEE", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "\u010C",
                "EEEEE", "1970 01 02 0:00:00", "P",
                "EEEEE", "1970 01 03 0:00:00", "S",

                "ccccc", "1970 01 04 0:00:00", "N",
                "ccccc", "1970 01 05 0:00:00", "P",
                "ccccc", "1970 01 06 0:00:00", "\u00DA",
                "ccccc", "1970 01 07 0:00:00", "S",
                "ccccc", "1970 01 01 0:00:00", "\u010C",
                "ccccc", "1970 01 02 0:00:00", "P",
                "ccccc", "1970 01 03 0:00:00", "S",

                "h:mm a",     "2015 01 01 10:00:00", "10:00 dop.",
                "h:mm a",     "2015 01 01 22:00:00", "10:00 odp.",
                "h:mm aaaaa", "2015 01 01 10:00:00", "10:00 dop.",
                "h:mm aaaaa", "2015 01 01 22:00:00", "10:00 odp.",
            };

            String CA_DATA[] = {
                "yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss",

                "h:mm a",     "2015 01 01 10:00:00", "10:00 a.\u00A0m.",
                "h:mm a",     "2015 01 01 22:00:00", "10:00 p.\u00A0m.",
                "h:mm aaaaa", "2015 01 01 10:00:00", "10:00 a.\u00A0m.",
                "h:mm aaaaa", "2015 01 01 22:00:00", "10:00 p.\u00A0m.",
            };

            expectFormat(EN_DATA, new Locale("en", "", ""));
            expectFormat(CS_DATA, new Locale("cs", "", ""));
            expectFormat(CA_DATA, new Locale("ca", "", ""));
    }

    @Test
    public void TestEras()
    {
        String EN_DATA[] = {
            "yyyy MM dd",

            "MMMM dd yyyy G",    "fp", "1951 07 17", "July 17 1951 AD",          "1951 07 17",
            "MMMM dd yyyy GG",   "fp", "1951 07 17", "July 17 1951 AD",          "1951 07 17",
            "MMMM dd yyyy GGG",  "fp", "1951 07 17", "July 17 1951 AD",          "1951 07 17",
            "MMMM dd yyyy GGGG", "fp", "1951 07 17", "July 17 1951 Anno Domini", "1951 07 17",

            "MMMM dd yyyy G",    "fp", "-438 07 17", "July 17 0439 BC",            "-438 07 17",
            "MMMM dd yyyy GG",   "fp", "-438 07 17", "July 17 0439 BC",            "-438 07 17",
            "MMMM dd yyyy GGG",  "fp", "-438 07 17", "July 17 0439 BC",            "-438 07 17",
            "MMMM dd yyyy GGGG", "fp", "-438 07 17", "July 17 0439 Before Christ", "-438 07 17",
       };

        expect(EN_DATA, new Locale("en", "", ""));
    }

    @Test
    public void TestQuarters()
    {
        String EN_DATA[] = {
            "yyyy MM dd",

            "Q",    "fp", "1970 01 01", "1",           "1970 01 01",
            "QQ",   "fp", "1970 04 01", "02",          "1970 04 01",
            "QQQ",  "fp", "1970 07 01", "Q3",          "1970 07 01",
            "QQQQ", "fp", "1970 10 01", "4th quarter", "1970 10 01",

            "q",    "fp", "1970 01 01", "1",           "1970 01 01",
            "qq",   "fp", "1970 04 01", "02",          "1970 04 01",
            "qqq",  "fp", "1970 07 01", "Q3",          "1970 07 01",
            "qqqq", "fp", "1970 10 01", "4th quarter", "1970 10 01",

            "Qyy",  "fp", "2015 04 01", "215",         "2015 04 01",
            "QQyy", "fp", "2015 07 01", "0315",        "2015 07 01",
        };

        expect(EN_DATA, new Locale("en", "", ""));
    }

    /**
     * Test DateFormat's parsing of default GMT variants.  See ticket#6135
     */
    @Test
    public void TestGMTParsing() {
        String DATA[] = {
            "HH:mm:ss Z",

            // pattern, input, expected output (in quotes)
            "HH:mm:ss Z",       "10:20:30 GMT+03:00",   "10:20:30 +0300",
            "HH:mm:ss Z",       "10:20:30 UT-02:00",    "10:20:30 -0200",
            "HH:mm:ss Z",       "10:20:30 GMT",         "10:20:30 +0000",
            "HH:mm:ss vvvv",    "10:20:30 UT+10:00",    "10:20:30 +1000",
            "HH:mm:ss zzzz",    "10:20:30 UTC",         "10:20:30 +0000",   // standalone "UTC"
            "ZZZZ HH:mm:ss",    "UT 10:20:30",          "10:20:30 +0000",
            "z HH:mm:ss",       "UT+0130 10:20:30",     "10:20:30 +0130",
            "z HH:mm:ss",       "UTC+0130 10:20:30",    "10:20:30 +0130",
            // Note: GMT-1100 no longer works because of the introduction of the short
            // localized GMT support. Previous implementation support this level of
            // leniency (no separator char in localized GMT format), but the new
            // implementation handles GMT-11 as the legitimate short localized GMT format
            // and stop at there. Otherwise, roundtrip would be broken.
            //"HH mm Z ss",       "10 20 GMT-1100 30",      "10:20:30 -1100",
            "HH mm Z ss",       "10 20 GMT-11 30",      "10:20:30 -1100",
            "HH:mm:ssZZZZZ",    "14:25:45Z",            "14:25:45 +0000",
            "HH:mm:ssZZZZZ",    "15:00:00-08:00",       "15:00:00 -0800",
        };
        expectParse(DATA, new Locale("en", "", ""));
    }

    /**
     * Test parsing.  Input is an array that starts with the following
     * header:
     *
     * [0]   = pattern string to parse [i+2] with
     *
     * followed by test cases, each of which is 3 array elements:
     *
     * [i]   = pattern, or null to reuse prior pattern
     * [i+1] = input string
     * [i+2] = expected parse result (parsed with pattern [0])
     *
     * If expect parse failure, then [i+2] should be null.
     */
    void expectParse(String[] data, Locale loc) {
        Date FAIL = null;
        String FAIL_STR = "parse failure";
        int i = 0;

        SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("", loc);
        SimpleDateFormat ref = new SimpleDateFormat(data[i++], loc);
        SimpleDateFormat gotfmt = new SimpleDateFormat("G yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss z", loc);

        String currentPat = null;
        while (i<data.length) {
            String pattern  = data[i++];
            String input    = data[i++];
            String expected = data[i++];

            if (pattern != null) {
                fmt.applyPattern(pattern);
                currentPat = pattern;
            }
            String gotstr = FAIL_STR;
            Date got;
            try {
                got = fmt.parse(input);
                gotstr = gotfmt.format(got);
            } catch (ParseException e1) {
                got = FAIL;
            }

            Date exp = FAIL;
            String expstr = FAIL_STR;
            if (expected != null) {
                expstr = expected;
                try {
                    exp = ref.parse(expstr);
                } catch (ParseException e2) {
                    errln("FAIL: Internal test error");
                }
            }

            if (got == exp || (got != null && got.equals(exp))) {
                logln("Ok: " + input + " x " +
                      currentPat + " => " + gotstr);
            } else {
                errln("FAIL: " + input + " x " +
                      currentPat + " => " + gotstr + ", expected " +
                      expstr);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Test formatting.  Input is an array of String that starts
     * with a single 'header' element
     *
     * [0]   = reference dateformat pattern string (ref)
     *
     * followed by test cases, each of which is 4 or 5 elements:
     *
     * [i]   = test dateformat pattern string (test), or null to reuse prior test pattern
     * [i+1] = data string A
     * [i+2] = data string B
     *
     * Formats a date, checks the result.
     *
     * Examples:
     * "y/M/d H:mm:ss.SSS", "2004 03 10 16:36:31.567", "2004/3/10 16:36:31.567"
     * -- ref.parse A, get t0
     * -- test.format t0, get r0
     * -- compare r0 to B, fail if not equal
     */
    void expectFormat(String[] data, Locale loc)
    {
        int i = 1;
        String currentPat = null;
        SimpleDateFormat ref = new SimpleDateFormat(data[0], loc);

        while (i<data.length) {
            SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("", loc);
            String pattern  = data[i++];
            if (pattern != null) {
                fmt.applyPattern(pattern);
                currentPat = pattern;
            }

            String datestr = data[i++];
            String string = data[i++];
            Date date = null;

            try {
                date = ref.parse(datestr);
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                errln("FAIL: Internal test error; can't parse " + datestr);
                continue;
            }

            assertEquals("\"" + currentPat + "\".format(" + datestr + ")",
                         string,
                         fmt.format(date));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Test formatting and parsing.  Input is an array of String that starts
     * with a single 'header' element
     *
     * [0]   = reference dateformat pattern string (ref)
     *
     * followed by test cases, each of which is 4 or 5 elements:
     *
     * [i]   = test dateformat pattern string (test), or null to reuse prior test pattern
     * [i+1] = control string, either "fp", "pf", or "F".
     * [i+2] = data string A
     * [i+3] = data string B
     * [i+4] = data string C (not present for 'F' control string)
     *
     * Note: the number of data strings depends on the control string.
     *
     * fp formats a date, checks the result, then parses the result and checks against a (possibly different) date
     * pf parses a string, checks the result, then formats the result and checks against a (possibly different) string
     * F is a shorthand for fp when the second date is the same as the first
     * P is a shorthand for pf when the second string is the same as the first
     *
     * Examples:
     * (fp) "y/M/d H:mm:ss.SS", "fp", "2004 03 10 16:36:31.567", "2004/3/10 16:36:31.56", "2004 03 10 16:36:31.560",
     * -- ref.parse A, get t0
     * -- test.format t0, get r0
     * -- compare r0 to B, fail if not equal
     * -- test.parse B, get t1
     * -- ref.parse C, get t2
     * -- compare t1 and t2, fail if not equal
     *
     * (F) "y/M/d H:mm:ss.SSS", "F", "2004 03 10 16:36:31.567", "2004/3/10 16:36:31.567"
     * -- ref.parse A, get t0
     * -- test.format t0, get r0
     * -- compare r0 to B, fail if not equal
     * -- test.parse B, get t1
     * -- compare t1 and t0, fail if not equal
     *
     * (pf) "y/M/d H:mm:ss.SSSS", "pf", "2004/3/10 16:36:31.5679", "2004 03 10 16:36:31.567", "2004/3/10 16:36:31.5670",
     * -- test.parse A, get t0
     * -- ref.parse B, get t1
     * -- compare t0 to t1, fail if not equal
     * -- test.format t1, get r0
     * -- compare r0 and C, fail if not equal
     *
     * (P) "y/M/d H:mm:ss.SSSS", "P", "2004/3/10 16:36:31.5679", "2004 03 10 16:36:31.567"",
     * -- test.parse A, get t0
     * -- ref.parse B, get t1
     * -- compare t0 to t1, fail if not equal
     * -- test.format t1, get r0
     * -- compare r0 and A, fail if not equal
     */
    void expect(String[] data, Locale loc) {
        expect(data, loc, false);
    }

    void expect(String[] data, Locale loc, boolean parseAllTZStyles) {
        int i = 1;
        SimpleDateFormat univ = new SimpleDateFormat("EE G yyyy MM dd HH:mm:ss.SSS zzz", loc);
        String currentPat = null;
        SimpleDateFormat ref = new SimpleDateFormat(data[0], loc);

        while (i<data.length) {
            SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("", loc);

            if (parseAllTZStyles) {
                TimeZoneFormat tzfmt = fmt.getTimeZoneFormat().cloneAsThawed();
                tzfmt.setDefaultParseOptions(EnumSet.of(ParseOption.ALL_STYLES)).freeze();
                fmt.setTimeZoneFormat(tzfmt);
            }

            String pattern  = data[i++];
            if (pattern != null) {
                fmt.applyPattern(pattern);
                currentPat = pattern;
            }

            String control = data[i++];

            if (control.equals("fp") || control.equals("F")) {
                // 'f'
                String datestr = data[i++];
                String string = data[i++];
                String datestr2 = datestr;
                if (control.length() == 2) {
                    datestr2 = data[i++];
                }
                Date date = null;
                try {
                    date = ref.parse(datestr);
                } catch (ParseException e) {
                    errln("FAIL: Internal test error; can't parse " + datestr);
                    continue;
                }
                assertEquals("\"" + currentPat + "\".format(" + datestr + ")",
                             string,
                             fmt.format(date));
                // 'p'
                if (!datestr2.equals(datestr)) {
                    try {
                        date = ref.parse(datestr2);
                    } catch (ParseException e2) {
                        errln("FAIL: Internal test error; can't parse " + datestr2);
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                try {
                    Date parsedate = fmt.parse(string);
                    assertEquals("\"" + currentPat + "\".parse(" + string + ")",
                                 univ.format(date),
                                 univ.format(parsedate));
                } catch (ParseException e3) {
                    errln("FAIL: \"" + currentPat + "\".parse(" + string + ") => " +
                          e3);
                    continue;
                }
            }
            else if (control.equals("pf") || control.equals("P")) {
                // 'p'
                String string = data[i++];
                String datestr = data[i++];
                String string2 = string;
                if (control.length() == 2) {
                    string2 = data[i++];
                }

                Date date = null;
                try {
                    date = ref.parse(datestr);
                } catch (ParseException e) {
                    errln("FAIL: Internal test error; can't parse " + datestr);
                    continue;
                }
                try {
                    Date parsedate = fmt.parse(string);
                    assertEquals("\"" + currentPat + "\".parse(" + string + ")",
                                 univ.format(date),
                                 univ.format(parsedate));
                } catch (ParseException e2) {
                    errln("FAIL: \"" + currentPat + "\".parse(" + string + ") => " +
                          e2);
                    continue;
                }
                // 'f'
                assertEquals("\"" + currentPat + "\".format(" + datestr + ")",
                             string2,
                             fmt.format(date));
            }
            else {
                errln("FAIL: Invalid control string " + control);
                return;
            }
        }
    }
    /*
    @Test
    public void TestJB4757(){
        DateFormat dfmt = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.FULL, ULocale.ROOT);
    }
    */

    /*
     * Test case for formatToCharacterIterator
     */
    @Test
    public void TestFormatToCharacterIterator() {
        // Generate pattern string including all pattern letters with various length
        AttributedCharacterIterator acit;
        final char SEPCHAR = '~';
        String[] patterns = new String[5];
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < patterns.length; i++) {
            sb.setLength(0);
            for (int j = 0; j < PATTERN_CHARS.length(); j++) {
                if (j != 0) {
                    for (int k = 0; k <= i; k++) {
                        sb.append(SEPCHAR);
                    }
                }
                char letter = PATTERN_CHARS.charAt(j);
                for (int k = 0; k <= i; k++) {
                    sb.append(letter);
                }
            }
            patterns[i] = sb.toString();
        }
        if (isVerbose()) {
            for (int i = 0; i < patterns.length; i++) {
                logln("patterns[" + i + "] = " + patterns[i]);
            }
        }

        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        cal.set(2007, Calendar.JULY, 16, 8, 20, 25);
        cal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 567);
        final Date d = cal.getTime();

        // Test AttributedCharacterIterator returned by SimpleDateFormat
        for (int i = 0; i < patterns.length; i++) {
            SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(patterns[i]);
            acit = sdf.formatToCharacterIterator(d);
            int patidx = 0;

            while (true) {
                Map map = acit.getAttributes();
                int limit = acit.getRunLimit();
                if (map.isEmpty()) {
                    // Must be pattern literal - '~'
                    while (acit.getIndex() < limit) {
                        if (acit.current() != SEPCHAR) {
                            errln("FAIL: Invalid pattern literal at " + acit.current() + " in patterns[" + i + "]");
                        }
                        acit.next();
                    }
                } else {
                    Set keySet = map.keySet();
                    if (keySet.size() == 1) {
                        // Check the attribute
                        Iterator keyIterator = keySet.iterator();
                        DateFormat.Field attr = (DateFormat.Field)keyIterator.next();
                        if (!DATEFORMAT_FIELDS[patidx].equals(attr)) {
                            errln("FAIL: The attribute at " + acit.getIndex() + " in patterns[" + i + "" +
                                    "] is " + attr + " - Expected: " + DATEFORMAT_FIELDS[patidx]);
                        }
                    } else {
                        // SimpleDateFormat#formatToCharacterIterator never set multiple
                        // attributes to a single text run.
                        errln("FAIL: Multiple attributes were set");
                    }
                    patidx++;
                    // Move to the run limit
                    acit.setIndex(limit);
                }
                if (acit.current() == CharacterIterator.DONE) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // ChineseDateFormat has pattern letter 'l' for leap month marker in addition to regular DateFormat
        cal.clear();
        cal.set(2009, Calendar.JUNE, 22); // 26x78-5-30
        Date nonLeapMonthDate = cal.getTime(); // non-leap month
        cal.set(2009, Calendar.JUNE, 23); // 26x78-5*-1
        Date leapMonthDate = cal.getTime(); // leap month

        ChineseDateFormat cdf = new ChineseDateFormat("y'x'G-Ml-d", ULocale.US);
        acit = cdf.formatToCharacterIterator(nonLeapMonthDate);
        Set keys = acit.getAllAttributeKeys();
        if (keys.contains(ChineseDateFormat.Field.IS_LEAP_MONTH)) {
            errln("FAIL: separate IS_LEAP_MONTH field should not be present for a Chinese calendar non-leap date"
                    + cdf.format(nonLeapMonthDate));
        }
        acit = cdf.formatToCharacterIterator(leapMonthDate);
        keys = acit.getAllAttributeKeys();
        if (keys.contains(ChineseDateFormat.Field.IS_LEAP_MONTH)) {
            errln("FAIL: separate IS_LEAP_MONTH field should no longer be present for a Chinese calendar leap date"
                    + cdf.format(leapMonthDate));
        }
    }

    /*
     * API coverage test case for formatToCharacterIterator
     */
    @Test
    public void TestFormatToCharacterIteratorCoverage() {
        // Calling formatToCharacterIterator, using various argument types
        DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance();
        AttributedCharacterIterator acit = null;

        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        try {
            acit = df.formatToCharacterIterator(cal);
            if (acit == null) {
                errln("FAIL: null AttributedCharacterIterator returned by formatToCharacterIterator(Calendar)");
            }
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
            errln("FAIL: Calendar must be accepted by formatToCharacterIterator");
        }

        Date d = cal.getTime();
        try {
            acit = df.formatToCharacterIterator(d);
            if (acit == null) {
                errln("FAIL: null AttributedCharacterIterator returned by formatToCharacterIterator(Date)");
            }
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
            errln("FAIL: Date must be accepted by formatToCharacterIterator");
        }

        Number num = new Long(d.getTime());
        try {
            acit = df.formatToCharacterIterator(num);
            if (acit == null) {
                errln("FAIL: null AttributedCharacterIterator returned by formatToCharacterIterator(Number)");
            }
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
            errln("FAIL: Number must be accepted by formatToCharacterIterator");
        }

        boolean isException = false;
        String str = df.format(d);
        try {
            acit = df.formatToCharacterIterator(str);
            if (acit == null) {
                errln("FAIL: null AttributedCharacterIterator returned by formatToCharacterIterator(String)");
            }
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
            logln("IllegalArgumentException is thrown by formatToCharacterIterator");
            isException = true;
        }
        if (!isException) {
            errln("FAIL: String must not be accepted by formatToCharacterIterator");
        }

        // DateFormat.Field#ofCalendarField and getCalendarField
        for (int i = 0; i < DATEFORMAT_FIELDS.length; i++) {
            int calField = DATEFORMAT_FIELDS[i].getCalendarField();
            if (calField != -1) {
                DateFormat.Field field = DateFormat.Field.ofCalendarField(calField);
                if (field != DATEFORMAT_FIELDS[i]) {
                    errln("FAIL: " + field + " is returned for a Calendar field " + calField
                            + " - Expected: " + DATEFORMAT_FIELDS[i]);
                }
            }
        }

        // IllegalArgument for ofCalendarField
        isException = false;
        try {
            DateFormat.Field.ofCalendarField(-1);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
            logln("IllegalArgumentException is thrown by ofCalendarField");
            isException = true;
        }
        if (!isException) {
            errln("FAIL: IllegalArgumentException must be thrown by ofCalendarField for calendar field value -1");
        }

        // ChineseDateFormat.Field#ofCalendarField and getCalendarField
        int ccalField = ChineseDateFormat.Field.IS_LEAP_MONTH.getCalendarField();
        if (ccalField != Calendar.IS_LEAP_MONTH) {
            errln("FAIL: ChineseCalendar field " + ccalField + " is returned for ChineseDateFormat.Field.IS_LEAP_MONTH.getCalendarField()");
        } else {
            DateFormat.Field cfield = ChineseDateFormat.Field.ofCalendarField(ccalField);
            if (cfield != ChineseDateFormat.Field.IS_LEAP_MONTH) {
                errln("FAIL: " + cfield + " is returned for a ChineseCalendar field " + ccalField
                        + " - Expected: " + ChineseDateFormat.Field.IS_LEAP_MONTH);
            }
        }
    }

    /*
     * Test for checking SimpleDateFormat/DateFormatSymbols creation
     * honor the calendar keyword in the given locale.  See ticket#6100
     */
    @Test
    public void TestCalendarType() {
        final String testPattern = "GGGG y MMMM d EEEE";

        final ULocale[] testLocales = {
                new ULocale("de"),
                new ULocale("fr_FR@calendar=gregorian"),
                new ULocale("en@calendar=islamic"),
                new ULocale("ja_JP@calendar=japanese"),
                new ULocale("zh_Hans_CN@calendar=bogus"),
                new ULocale("ko_KR@calendar=dangi"),
        };

        SimpleDateFormat[] formatters = new SimpleDateFormat[5];
        for (int i = 0; i < testLocales.length; i++) {
            // Create a locale with no keywords
            StringBuffer locStrBuf = new StringBuffer();
            if (testLocales[i].getLanguage().length() > 0) {
                locStrBuf.append(testLocales[i].getLanguage());
            }
            if (testLocales[i].getScript().length() > 0) {
                locStrBuf.append('_');
                locStrBuf.append(testLocales[i].getScript());
            }
            if (testLocales[i].getCountry().length() > 0) {
                locStrBuf.append('_');
                locStrBuf.append(testLocales[i].getCountry());
            }
            ULocale locNoKeywords = new ULocale(locStrBuf.toString());

            Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance(testLocales[i]);

            // Calendar getDateFormat method
            DateFormat df = cal.getDateTimeFormat(DateFormat.MEDIUM, DateFormat.MEDIUM, locNoKeywords);
            if (df instanceof SimpleDateFormat) {
                formatters[0] = (SimpleDateFormat)df;
                formatters[0].applyPattern(testPattern);
            } else {
                formatters[0] = null;
            }

            // DateFormat constructor with locale
            df = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM, testLocales[i]);
            if (df instanceof SimpleDateFormat) {
                formatters[1] = (SimpleDateFormat)df;
                formatters[1].applyPattern(testPattern);
            } else {
                formatters[1] = null;
            }

            // DateFormat constructor with Calendar
            df = DateFormat.getDateInstance(cal, DateFormat.MEDIUM, locNoKeywords);
            if (df instanceof SimpleDateFormat) {
                formatters[2] = (SimpleDateFormat)df;
                formatters[2].applyPattern(testPattern);
            } else {
                formatters[2] = null;
            }

            // SimpleDateFormat constructor
            formatters[3] = new SimpleDateFormat(testPattern, testLocales[i]);

            // SimpleDateFormat with DateFormatSymbols
            DateFormatSymbols dfs = new DateFormatSymbols(testLocales[i]);
            formatters[4] = new SimpleDateFormat(testPattern, dfs, testLocales[i]);

            // All SimpleDateFormat instances should produce the exact
            // same result.
            String expected = null;
            Date d = new Date();
            for (int j = 0; j < formatters.length; j++) {
                if (formatters[j] != null) {
                    String tmp = formatters[j].format(d);
                    if (expected == null) {
                        expected = tmp;
                    } else if (!expected.equals(tmp)) {
                        errln("FAIL: formatter[" + j + "] returned \"" + tmp + "\" in locale " +
                                testLocales[i] + " - expected: " + expected);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /*
     * Test for format/parse method with calendar which is different
     * from what DateFormat instance internally use.  See ticket#6420.
     */
    @Test
    public void TestRoundtripWithCalendar() {
        TimeZone tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone("Europe/Paris");
        TimeZone gmt = TimeZone.getTimeZone("Etc/GMT");

        final Calendar[] calendars = {
            new GregorianCalendar(tz),
            new BuddhistCalendar(tz),
            new HebrewCalendar(tz),
            new IslamicCalendar(tz),
            new JapaneseCalendar(tz),
        };

        final String pattern = "GyMMMMdEEEEHHmmssVVVV";

        //FIXME The formatters commented out below are currently failing because of
        // the calendar calculation problem reported by #6691

        // The order of test formatters mus match the order of calendars above.
        final DateFormat[] formatters = {
            DateFormat.getPatternInstance(pattern, new ULocale("en_US")), //calendar=gregorian
            DateFormat.getPatternInstance(pattern, new ULocale("th_TH")), //calendar=buddhist
            DateFormat.getPatternInstance(pattern, new ULocale("he_IL@calendar=hebrew")),
//            DateFormat.getPatternInstance(pattern, new ULocale("ar_EG@calendar=islamic")),
//            DateFormat.getPatternInstance(pattern, new ULocale("ja_JP@calendar=japanese")),
        };

        Date d = new Date();
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        FieldPosition fpos = new FieldPosition(0);
        ParsePosition ppos = new ParsePosition(0);

        for (int i = 0; i < formatters.length; i++) {
            buf.setLength(0);
            fpos.setBeginIndex(0);
            fpos.setEndIndex(0);
            calendars[i].setTime(d);

            // Normal case output - the given calendar matches the calendar
            // used by the formatter
            formatters[i].format(calendars[i], buf, fpos);
            String refStr = buf.toString();

            for (int j = 0; j < calendars.length; j++) {
                if (j == i) {
                    continue;
                }
                buf.setLength(0);
                fpos.setBeginIndex(0);
                fpos.setEndIndex(0);
                calendars[j].setTime(d);

                // Even the different calendar type is specified,
                // we should get the same result.
                formatters[i].format(calendars[j], buf, fpos);
                if (!refStr.equals(buf.toString())) {
                    errln("FAIL: Different format result with a different calendar for the same time -"
                            + "\n Reference calendar type=" + calendars[i].getType()
                            + "\n Another calendar type=" + calendars[j].getType()
                            + "\n Expected result=" + refStr
                            + "\n Actual result=" + buf.toString());
                }
            }

            calendars[i].setTimeZone(gmt);
            calendars[i].clear();
            ppos.setErrorIndex(-1);
            ppos.setIndex(0);

            // Normal case parse result - the given calendar matches the calendar
            // used by the formatter
            formatters[i].parse(refStr, calendars[i], ppos);

            for (int j = 0; j < calendars.length; j++) {
                if (j == i) {
                    continue;
                }
                calendars[j].setTimeZone(gmt);
                calendars[j].clear();
                ppos.setErrorIndex(-1);
                ppos.setIndex(0);

                // Even the different calendar type is specified,
                // we should get the same time and time zone.
                formatters[i].parse(refStr, calendars[j], ppos);
                if (calendars[i].getTimeInMillis() != calendars[j].getTimeInMillis()
                        || !calendars[i].getTimeZone().equals(calendars[j].getTimeZone())) {
                    errln("FAIL: Different parse result with a different calendar for the same string -"
                            + "\n Reference calendar type=" + calendars[i].getType()
                            + "\n Another calendar type=" + calendars[j].getType()
                            + "\n Date string=" + refStr
                            + "\n Expected time=" + calendars[i].getTimeInMillis()
                            + "\n Expected time zone=" + calendars[i].getTimeZone().getID()
                            + "\n Actual time=" + calendars[j].getTimeInMillis()
                            + "\n Actual time zone=" + calendars[j].getTimeZone().getID());
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // based on TestRelativeDateFormat() in icu/trunk/source/test/cintltst/cdattst.c
    @Test
    public void TestRelativeDateFormat() {
        ULocale loc = ULocale.US;
        TimeZone tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone("America/Los_Angeles");
        Calendar cal = new GregorianCalendar(tz, loc);
        Date now = new Date();
        cal.setTime(now);
        cal.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 18);
        cal.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 49);
        cal.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
        Date today = cal.getTime();
        String minutesStr = "49"; // minutes string to search for in formatted result
        int[] dateStylesList = { DateFormat.RELATIVE_FULL, DateFormat.RELATIVE_LONG, DateFormat.RELATIVE_MEDIUM, DateFormat.RELATIVE_SHORT };

        for (int i = 0; i < dateStylesList.length; i++) {
            int dateStyle = dateStylesList[i];
            DateFormat fmtRelDateTime = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(dateStyle, DateFormat.SHORT, loc);
            DateFormat fmtRelDate = DateFormat.getDateInstance(dateStyle, loc);
            DateFormat fmtTime = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.SHORT, loc);

            for (int dayOffset = -2; dayOffset <= 2; dayOffset++ ) {
                StringBuffer dateTimeStr = new StringBuffer(64);
                StringBuffer dateStr = new StringBuffer(64);
                StringBuffer timeStr = new StringBuffer(64);
                FieldPosition fp = new FieldPosition(DateFormat.MINUTE_FIELD);
                cal.setTime(today);
                cal.add(Calendar.DATE, dayOffset);

                fmtRelDateTime.format(cal, dateTimeStr, fp);
                fmtRelDate.format(cal, dateStr, new FieldPosition(0) );
                fmtTime.format(cal, timeStr, new FieldPosition(0) );
                logln(dayOffset + ", " + dateStyle + ", " + dateTimeStr);
                logln(dayOffset + ", " + dateStyle + ", " + dateStr);
                logln(dayOffset + ", " + dateStyle + ", " + timeStr);

                // check that dateStr is in dateTimeStr
                if ( dateTimeStr.toString().indexOf( dateStr.toString() ) < 0 ) {
                    errln("relative date string not found in datetime format with timeStyle SHORT, dateStyle " +
                            dateStyle + " for dayOffset " + dayOffset );
                    errln("datetime format is " + dateTimeStr.toString() + ", date string is " + dateStr.toString() );
                }
                // check that timeStr is in dateTimeStr
                if ( dateTimeStr.toString().indexOf( timeStr.toString() ) < 0 ) {
                    errln("short time string not found in datetime format with timeStyle SHORT, dateStyle " +
                            dateStyle + " for dayOffset " + dayOffset );
                    errln("datetime format is " + dateTimeStr.toString() + ", time string is " + timeStr.toString() );
                }
                // check index of minutesStr
                int minutesStrIndex = dateTimeStr.toString().indexOf( minutesStr );
                if ( fp.getBeginIndex() != minutesStrIndex ) {
                    errln("FieldPosition beginIndex " + fp.getBeginIndex() + " instead of " + minutesStrIndex + " for datetime format with timeStyle SHORT, dateStyle " +
                            dateStyle + " for dayOffset " + dayOffset );
                    errln("datetime format is " + dateTimeStr.toString() );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void Test6880() {
        Date d1, d2, dp1, dp2, dexp1, dexp2;
        String s1, s2;

        TimeZone tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone("Asia/Shanghai");
        GregorianCalendar gcal = new GregorianCalendar(tz);

        gcal.clear();
        gcal.set(1900, Calendar.JANUARY, 1, 12, 00);    // offset 8:05:43
        d1 = gcal.getTime();

        gcal.clear();
        gcal.set(1950, Calendar.JANUARY, 1, 12, 00);    // offset 8:00
        d2 = gcal.getTime();

        gcal.clear();
        gcal.set(1970, Calendar.JANUARY, 1, 12, 00);
        dexp2 = gcal.getTime();
        dexp1 = new Date(dexp2.getTime() - (5*60 + 43)*1000);   // subtract 5m43s

        DateFormat fmt = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.FULL, new ULocale("zh"));
        fmt.setTimeZone(tz);

        s1 = fmt.format(d1);
        s2 = fmt.format(d2);

        try {
            dp1 = fmt.parse(s1);
            dp2 = fmt.parse(s2);

            if (!dp1.equals(dexp1)) {
                errln("FAIL: Failed to parse " + s1 + " parsed: " + dp1 + " expected: " + dexp1);
            }
            if (!dp2.equals(dexp2)) {
                errln("FAIL: Failed to parse " + s2 + " parsed: " + dp2 + " expected: " + dexp2);
            }
        } catch (ParseException pe) {
            errln("FAIL: Parse failure");
        }
    }

    /*
     * Tests the constructor public SimpleDateFormat(String pattern, String override, ULocale loc)
     */
    @Test
    public void TestSimpleDateFormatConstructor_String_String_ULocale() {
        try {
            SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("", "", null);
            sdf = (SimpleDateFormat) sdf.clone();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            errln("SimpleDateFormat(String pattern, String override, ULocale loc) "
                    + "was not suppose to return an exception when constructing a new " + "SimpleDateFormat object.");
        }
    }

    /*
     * Tests the method public static DateFormat.Field ofCalendarField(int calendarField)
     */
    @Test
    public void TestOfCalendarField() {
        // Tests when if (calendarField == ChineseCalendar.IS_LEAP_MONTH) is false
        int[] cases = { Calendar.IS_LEAP_MONTH - 1};
        for (int i = 0; i < cases.length; i++) {
            try {
                Field.ofCalendarField(cases[i]);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                errln("Field.ofCalendarField(int) is not suppose to " + "return an exception for parameter " + cases[i]);
            }
        }
    }

    /* Tests the method public final static DateFormat getPatternInstance */
    @Test
    public void TestGetPatternInstance(){
        //public final static DateFormat getPatternInstance(String pattern)
        try{
            @SuppressWarnings("unused")
            DateFormat df = DateFormat.getPatternInstance("");
            df = DateFormat.getPatternInstance("", new Locale("en_US"));
            df = DateFormat.getPatternInstance(null, "", new Locale("en_US"));
        } catch(Exception e) {
            errln("DateFormat.getPatternInstance is not suppose to return an exception, got: " + e.toString());
            //e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /*
     * Test case for very long numeric field patterns (ticket#7595)
     */
    @Test
    public void TestLongNumericPattern() {
        String DATA[] = {
            "yyyy MM dd",

            "yyyy.MM.dd", "fp", "2010 04 01",
            "2010.04.01", "2010 04 01",

            "yyyyyyyyyy.MM.dd", "fp", "2010 04 01",
            "0000002010.04.01", "2010 04 01",

            "yyyyyyyyyyy.MM.dd", "fp", "2010 04 01",
            "00000002010.04.01", "2010 04 01",

            "yyyyyyyyyyy.M.dddddddddd", "fp", "2010 04 01",
            "00000002010.4.0000000001", "2010 04 01",

            "y.M.ddddddddddd", "fp", "2010 10 11",
            "2010.10.00000000011", "2010 10 11",
        };
        expect(DATA, new Locale("en", "", ""));
    }

    /*
     * Test case for very long contiguous numeric patterns (ticket#7480)
     */
    @Test
    public void TestLongContiguousNumericPattern() {
        String DATA[] = {
                "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS",

                "yyyyMMddHHmmssSSSSSS", "fp", "2010-04-16 12:23:34.456",
                "20100416122334456000", "2010-04-16 12:23:34.456",

                "yyyyyyMMddHHHHmmmmssssSSSSSS", "fp", "2010-04-16 12:23:34.456",
                "0020100416001200230034456000", "2010-04-16 12:23:34.456",
        };
            expect(DATA, new Locale("en", "", ""));
    }

    /*
 * Test case for ISO Era processing (ticket#7357)
 */
    @Test
    public void TestISOEra()
    {

        String data[] = {
        // input, output
        "BC 4004-10-23T07:00:00Z", "BC 4004-10-23T07:00:00Z",
        "AD 4004-10-23T07:00:00Z", "AD 4004-10-23T07:00:00Z",
        "-4004-10-23T07:00:00Z"  , "BC 4005-10-23T07:00:00Z",
        "4004-10-23T07:00:00Z"   , "AD 4004-10-23T07:00:00Z",
        };

        int numData = 8;

        // create formatter
        SimpleDateFormat fmt1 = new SimpleDateFormat("GGG yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z");

        for (int i = 0; i < numData; i += 2)
        {

            // create input string
            String in = data[i];

            // parse string to date
            Date dt1;
            try
            {
                dt1 = fmt1.parse(in);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                errln("DateFormat.parse is not suppose to return an exception.");
                break;
            }
            // format date back to string
            String out;
            out = fmt1.format(dt1);

            // check that roundtrip worked as expected
            String expected = data[i + 1];
            if (!out.equals(expected))
            {
                errln("FAIL: " + in + " -> " + out + " expected -> " + expected);
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestFormalChineseDate() {

        String pattern = "y\u5e74M\u6708d\u65e5";
        String override = "y=hanidec;M=hans;d=hans";

        // create formatter
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern,override,ULocale.CHINA);

        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance(ULocale.ENGLISH);
        cal.clear(Calendar.MILLISECOND);
        cal.set(2009, 6, 28, 0,0,0);
        FieldPosition pos = new FieldPosition(0);
        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
        sdf.format(cal,result,pos);
        String res1 = result.toString();
        String expected = "\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u4e5d\u5e74\u4e03\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u65e5";
        if (! res1.equals(expected)) {
            errln("FAIL: -> " + result.toString() + " expected -> " + expected);
        }
        ParsePosition pp = new ParsePosition(0);
        Date parsedate = sdf.parse(expected, pp);
        long time1 = parsedate.getTime();
        long time2 = cal.getTimeInMillis();
        if ( time1 != time2 ) {
            errln("FAIL: parsed -> " + parsedate.toString() + " expected -> " + cal.toString());
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestOverrideNumberForamt() {
        SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yy z");

        // test override get/set NumberFormat
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            NumberFormat check_nf = NumberFormat.getInstance(new ULocale("en_US"));
            fmt.setNumberFormat("y", check_nf);
            NumberFormat get_nf = fmt.getNumberFormat('y');
            if (!get_nf.equals(check_nf))
                errln("FAIL: getter and setter do not work");
        }

        NumberFormat reused_nf = NumberFormat.getInstance(new ULocale("en_US"));
        fmt.setNumberFormat("y", reused_nf);
        fmt.setNumberFormat(reused_nf); // test the same override NF will not crash

        // DATA[i][0] is to tell which field to set, DATA[i][1] is the expected result
        String[][] DATA = {
                { "", "\u521D\u516D \u5341\u4E94" },
                { "M", "\u521D\u516D 15" },
                { "Mo", "\u521D\u516D \u5341\u4E94" },
                { "Md", "\u521D\u516D \u5341\u4E94" },
                { "MdMMd", "\u521D\u516D \u5341\u4E94" },
                { "mixed", "\u521D\u516D \u5341\u4E94" },
        };

        NumberFormat override = NumberFormat.getInstance(new ULocale("en@numbers=hanidays"));
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        cal.set(1997, Calendar.JUNE, 15);
        Date test_date = cal.getTime();

        for (int i = 0; i < DATA.length; i++) {
            fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("MM d", new ULocale("en_US"));
            String field = DATA[i][0];

            if (field == "") { // use the one w/o field
                fmt.setNumberFormat(override);
            } else if (field == "mixed") { // set 1 field at first but then full override, both(M & d) should be override
                NumberFormat single_override = NumberFormat.getInstance(new ULocale("en@numbers=hebr"));
                fmt.setNumberFormat("M", single_override);
                fmt.setNumberFormat(override);
            } else if (field == "Mo") { // o is invalid field
                try {
                    fmt.setNumberFormat(field, override);
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                    logln("IllegalArgumentException is thrown for invalid fields");
                    continue;
                }
            } else {
                fmt.setNumberFormat(field, override);
            }
            String result = fmt.format(test_date);
            String expected  = DATA[i][1];

            if (!result.equals(expected))
                errln("FAIL: -> " + result.toString() + " expected -> " + expected);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestParsePosition() {
        class ParseTestData {
            String pattern; // format pattern
            String input;   // input date string
            int startPos;   // start position
            int resPos;     // expected result parse position

            ParseTestData(String pattern, String dateStr) {
                this.pattern = pattern;
                this.input = dateStr;
                this.startPos = 0;
                this.resPos = dateStr.length();
            }

            ParseTestData(String pattern, String lead, String dateStr, String trail) {
                this.pattern = pattern;
                this.input = lead + dateStr + trail;
                this.startPos = lead.length();
                this.resPos = lead.length() + dateStr.length();
            }
        }

        ParseTestData[] TestData = {
            new ParseTestData("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ssZ", "2010-01-10 12:30:00+0500"),
            new ParseTestData("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss ZZZZ", "2010-01-10 12:30:00 GMT+05:00"),
            new ParseTestData("Z HH:mm:ss", "-0100 13:20:30"),
            new ParseTestData("y-M-d Z", "", "2011-8-25 -0400", " Foo"),
            new ParseTestData("y/M/d H:mm:ss z", "2011/7/1 12:34:00 PDT"),
            new ParseTestData("y/M/d H:mm:ss z", "+123", "2011/7/1 12:34:00 PDT", " PST"),
            new ParseTestData("vvvv a h:mm:ss", "Pacific Time AM 10:21:45"),
            new ParseTestData("HH:mm v M/d", "111", "14:15 PT 8/10", " 12345"),
            new ParseTestData("'time zone:' VVVV 'date:' yyyy-MM-dd", "xxxx", "time zone: Los Angeles Time date: 2010-02-25", "xxxx"),
        };

        for (ParseTestData data : TestData) {
            SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(data.pattern);
            ParsePosition pos = new ParsePosition(data.startPos);
            /* Date d = */sdf.parse(data.input, pos);
            if (pos.getIndex() != data.resPos) {
                errln("FAIL: Parsing [" + data.input + "] with pattern [" + data.pattern + "] returns position - "
                        + pos.getIndex() + ", expected - " + data.resPos);
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestChineseDateFormatSymbols() {
        class ChineseDateFormatSymbolItem {
            public ULocale locale;
            String marker;
            public ChineseDateFormatSymbolItem(ULocale loc, String mrk) {
                locale = loc;
                marker = mrk;
            }
        };
        final ChineseDateFormatSymbolItem[] items = {
            new ChineseDateFormatSymbolItem( ULocale.ENGLISH, "bis" ),
            new ChineseDateFormatSymbolItem( ULocale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE, "\u95F0" ),
            new ChineseDateFormatSymbolItem( ULocale.TRADITIONAL_CHINESE, "\u958F" ),
        };
        ChineseCalendar cal = new ChineseCalendar();
        for ( ChineseDateFormatSymbolItem item: items ) {
            ChineseDateFormatSymbols cdfSymbols = new ChineseDateFormatSymbols(cal, item.locale);
            if ( !cdfSymbols.getLeapMonth(0).contentEquals("") || !cdfSymbols.getLeapMonth(1).contentEquals(item.marker) ) {
                errln("FAIL: isLeapMonth [0],[1] for locale " + item.locale + "; expected \"\", \"" + item.marker + "\"; got \"" + cdfSymbols.getLeapMonth(0) + "\", \"" + cdfSymbols.getLeapMonth(1) + "\"");
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestMonthPatterns() {
        class ChineseCalTestDate {
            public int era;
            public int year;
            public int month; // here 1-based
            public int isLeapMonth;
            public int day;
             // Simple constructor
            public ChineseCalTestDate(int e, int y, int m, int il, int d) {
                era = e;
                year = y;
                month = m;
                isLeapMonth = il;
                day = d;
            }
        };
        final ChineseCalTestDate[] dates = {
            //                      era yr mo lp da
            new ChineseCalTestDate( 78, 29, 4, 0, 2 ), // (in chinese era 78) gregorian 2012-4-22
            new ChineseCalTestDate( 78, 29, 4, 1, 2 ), // (in chinese era 78) gregorian 2012-5-22
            new ChineseCalTestDate( 78, 29, 5, 0, 2 ), // (in chinese era 78) gregorian 2012-6-20
        };
        class MonthPatternItem {
            public String locale;
            public int style;
            public String[] dateString;
             // Simple constructor
            public MonthPatternItem(String loc, int styl, String dateStr0, String dateStr1, String dateStr2) {
                locale = loc;
                style = styl;
                dateString = new String[3];
                dateString[0] = dateStr0;
                dateString[1] = dateStr1;
                dateString[2] = dateStr2;
            }
        };
        final MonthPatternItem[] items = {
            new MonthPatternItem( "root@calendar=chinese",    DateFormat.LONG,  "2012(ren-chen) M04 2",  "2012(ren-chen) M04bis 2",  "2012(ren-chen) M05 2" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "root@calendar=chinese",    DateFormat.SHORT, "2012-04-02",            "2012-04bis-02",            "2012-05-02" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "root@calendar=chinese",    -1,               "29-4-2",                "29-4bis-2",                "29-5-2" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "root@calendar=chinese",    -2,               "78x29-4-2",             "78x29-4bis-2",             "78x29-5-2" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "root@calendar=chinese",    -3,               "ren-chen-4-2",          "ren-chen-4bis-2",          "ren-chen-5-2" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "root@calendar=chinese",    -4,               "ren-chen M04 2",        "ren-chen M04bis 2",        "ren-chen M05 2" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "en@calendar=gregorian",    -3,               "2012-4-22",             "2012-5-22",                "2012-6-20" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "en@calendar=chinese",      DateFormat.LONG,  "Fourth Month 2, 2012(ren-chen)", "Fourth Monthbis 2, 2012(ren-chen)", "Fifth Month 2, 2012(ren-chen)" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "en@calendar=chinese",      DateFormat.SHORT, "4/2/2012",              "4bis/2/2012",              "5/2/2012" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "zh@calendar=chinese",      DateFormat.LONG,  "2012\u58EC\u8FB0\u5E74\u56DB\u6708\u521D\u4E8C",
                                                                                "2012\u58EC\u8FB0\u5E74\u95F0\u56DB\u6708\u521D\u4E8C",
                                                                                "2012\u58EC\u8FB0\u5E74\u4E94\u6708\u521D\u4E8C" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "zh@calendar=chinese",      DateFormat.SHORT, "2012/4/2",              "2012/\u95F04/2",           "2012/5/2" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "zh@calendar=chinese",      -3,               "\u58EC\u8FB0-4-2",
                                                                                "\u58EC\u8FB0-\u95F04-2",
                                                                                "\u58EC\u8FB0-5-2" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "zh@calendar=chinese",      -4,               "\u58EC\u8FB0 \u56DB\u6708 2",
                                                                                "\u58EC\u8FB0 \u95F0\u56DB\u6708 2",
                                                                                "\u58EC\u8FB0 \u4E94\u6708 2" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "zh_Hant@calendar=chinese", DateFormat.LONG,  "2012\u58EC\u8FB0\u5E74\u56DB\u6708\u521D\u4E8C",
                                                                                "2012\u58EC\u8FB0\u5E74\u958F\u56DB\u6708\u521D\u4E8C",
                                                                                "2012\u58EC\u8FB0\u5E74\u4E94\u6708\u521D\u4E8C" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "zh_Hant@calendar=chinese", DateFormat.SHORT, "2012/4/2",              "2012/\u958F4/2",           "2012/5/2" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "fr@calendar=chinese",      DateFormat.LONG,  "2 s\u00ECyu\u00E8 ren-chen",  "2 s\u00ECyu\u00E8bis ren-chen",  "2 w\u01D4yu\u00E8 ren-chen" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "fr@calendar=chinese",      DateFormat.SHORT, "2/4/29",                      "2/4bis/29",                      "2/5/29" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "en@calendar=dangi",        DateFormat.LONG,  "Third Monthbis 2, 2012(ren-chen)", "Fourth Month 2, 2012(ren-chen)",       "Fifth Month 1, 2012(ren-chen)" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "en@calendar=dangi",        DateFormat.SHORT, "3bis/2/2012",                 "4/2/2012",                       "5/1/2012" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "en@calendar=dangi",        -2,               "78x29-3bis-2",                "78x29-4-2",                      "78x29-5-1" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "ko@calendar=dangi",        DateFormat.LONG,  "\uC784\uC9C4\uB144 \uC7243\uC6D4 2\uC77C",
                                                                                "\uC784\uC9C4\uB144 4\uC6D4 2\uC77C",
                                                                                "\uC784\uC9C4\uB144 5\uC6D4 1\uC77C" ),
            new MonthPatternItem( "ko@calendar=dangi",        DateFormat.SHORT, "29. \uC7243. 2.",
                                                                                "29. 4. 2.",
                                                                                "29. 5. 1." ),
        };
        //                         style: -1        -2            -3       -4
        final String[] customPatterns = { "y-Ml-d", "G'x'y-Ml-d", "U-M-d", "U MMM d" }; // previously G and l for chinese cal only handled by ChineseDateFormat
        Calendar rootChineseCalendar = Calendar.getInstance(new ULocale("root@calendar=chinese"));
        for (MonthPatternItem item: items) {
            ULocale locale = new ULocale(item.locale);
            DateFormat dfmt = (item.style >= 0)? DateFormat.getDateInstance(item.style, locale): new SimpleDateFormat(customPatterns[-item.style - 1], locale);
            int idate = 0;
            for (ChineseCalTestDate date: dates) {
                rootChineseCalendar.clear();
                rootChineseCalendar.set( Calendar.ERA, date.era );
                rootChineseCalendar.set( date.year, date.month-1, date.day );
                rootChineseCalendar.set( Calendar.IS_LEAP_MONTH, date.isLeapMonth );
                StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
                FieldPosition fpos = new FieldPosition(0);
                dfmt.format(rootChineseCalendar, result, fpos);
                if (result.toString().compareTo(item.dateString[idate]) != 0) {
                    errln("FAIL: Chinese calendar format for locale " + item.locale +  ", style " + item.style +
                            ", expected \"" + item.dateString[idate] + "\", got \"" + result + "\"");
                } else {
                    // formatted OK, try parse
                    ParsePosition ppos = new ParsePosition(0);
                    // ensure we are really parsing the fields we should be
                    rootChineseCalendar.set( Calendar.YEAR, 1 );
                    rootChineseCalendar.set( Calendar.MONTH, 0 );
                    rootChineseCalendar.set( Calendar.IS_LEAP_MONTH, 0 );
                    rootChineseCalendar.set( Calendar.DATE, 1 );
                    //
                    dfmt.parse(result.toString(), rootChineseCalendar, ppos);
                    int era = rootChineseCalendar.get(Calendar.ERA);
                    int year = rootChineseCalendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
                    int month = rootChineseCalendar.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1;
                    int isLeapMonth = rootChineseCalendar.get(Calendar.IS_LEAP_MONTH);
                    int day = rootChineseCalendar.get(Calendar.DATE);
                    if ( ppos.getIndex() < result.length() || year != date.year || month != date.month || isLeapMonth != date.isLeapMonth || day != date.day) {
                        errln("FAIL: Chinese calendar parse for locale " + item.locale +  ", style " + item.style +
                                ", string \"" + result + "\", expected " + date.year+"-"+date.month+"("+date.isLeapMonth+")-"+date.day +
                                ", got pos " + ppos.getIndex() + " era("+era+")-"+year+"-"+month+"("+isLeapMonth+")-"+day );
                    }
                }
                idate++;
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestNonGregoFmtParse() {
        class CalAndFmtTestItem {
            public int era;
            public int year;
            public int month;
            public int day;
            public int hour;
            public int minute;
            public String formattedDate;
             // Simple constructor
            public CalAndFmtTestItem(int er, int yr, int mo, int da, int hr, int mi, String fd) {
                era = er;
                year = yr;
                month = mo;
                day = da;
                hour = hr;
                minute = mi;
                formattedDate = fd;
            }
        };
        // test items for he@calendar=hebrew, long date format
        final CalAndFmtTestItem[] cafti_he_hebrew_long = {
            //                     era    yr  mo  da  hr  mi  formattedDate
            new CalAndFmtTestItem(   0, 4999, 12, 29, 12,  0, "\u05DB\u05F4\u05D8 \u05D1\u05D0\u05DC\u05D5\u05DC \u05D3\u05F3\u05EA\u05EA\u05E7\u05E6\u05F4\u05D8" ),
            new CalAndFmtTestItem(   0, 5100,  0,  1, 12,  0, "\u05D0\u05F3 \u05D1\u05EA\u05E9\u05E8\u05D9 \u05E7\u05F3" ),
            new CalAndFmtTestItem(   0, 5774,  5,  1, 12,  0, "\u05D0\u05F3 \u05D1\u05D0\u05D3\u05E8 \u05D0\u05F3 \u05EA\u05E9\u05E2\u05F4\u05D3" ),
            new CalAndFmtTestItem(   0, 5999, 12, 29, 12,  0, "\u05DB\u05F4\u05D8 \u05D1\u05D0\u05DC\u05D5\u05DC \u05EA\u05EA\u05E7\u05E6\u05F4\u05D8" ),
            new CalAndFmtTestItem(   0, 6100,  0,  1, 12,  0, "\u05D0\u05F3 \u05D1\u05EA\u05E9\u05E8\u05D9 \u05D5\u05F3\u05E7\u05F3" ),
        };
        final CalAndFmtTestItem[] cafti_zh_chinese_custU = {
            //                     era    yr  mo  da  hr  mi  formattedDate
            new CalAndFmtTestItem(  78,   31,  0,  1, 12,  0, "2014\u7532\u5348\u5E74\u6B63\u67081" ),
            new CalAndFmtTestItem(  77,   31,  0,  1, 12,  0, "1954\u7532\u5348\u5E74\u6B63\u67081" ),
        };
        final CalAndFmtTestItem[] cafti_zh_chinese_custNoU = {
            //                     era    yr  mo  da  hr  mi  formattedDate
            new CalAndFmtTestItem(  78,   31,  0,  1, 12, 0, "2014\u5E74\u6B63\u67081" ),
            new CalAndFmtTestItem(  77,   31,  0,  1, 12, 0, "1954\u5E74\u6B63\u67081" ),
        };
        final CalAndFmtTestItem[] cafti_ja_japanese_custGy = {
            //                     era    yr  mo  da  hr  mi  formattedDate
            new CalAndFmtTestItem( 235,   26,  2,  5, 12, 0, "2014(\u5E73\u621026)\u5E743\u67085\u65E5" ),
            new CalAndFmtTestItem( 234,   60,  2,  5, 12, 0, "1985(\u662D\u548C60)\u5E743\u67085\u65E5" ),
        };
        final CalAndFmtTestItem[] cafti_ja_japanese_custNoGy = {
            //                     era    yr  mo  da  hr  mi  formattedDate
            new CalAndFmtTestItem( 235,   26,  2,  5, 12, 0, "2014\u5E743\u67085\u65E5" ),
            new CalAndFmtTestItem( 234,   60,  2,  5, 12, 0, "1985\u5E743\u67085\u65E5" ),
        };
        final CalAndFmtTestItem[] cafti_en_islamic_cust = {
            //                     era    yr  mo  da  hr  mi  formattedDate
            new CalAndFmtTestItem(   0, 1384,  0,  1, 12, 0, "1 Muh. 1384 AH, 1964" ),
            new CalAndFmtTestItem(   0, 1436,  0,  1, 12, 0, "1 Muh. 1436 AH, 2014" ),
            new CalAndFmtTestItem(   0, 1487,  0,  1, 12, 0, "1 Muh. 1487 AH, 2064" ),
        };
        class TestNonGregoItem {
            public String locale;
            public int style;
            public String pattern;  // ignored unless style == DateFormat.NONE
            public CalAndFmtTestItem[] caftItems;
             // Simple constructor
            public TestNonGregoItem(String loc, int styl, String pat, CalAndFmtTestItem[] items) {
                locale = loc;
                style = styl;
                pattern = pat;
                caftItems = items;
            }
        };
        final TestNonGregoItem[] items = {
            new TestNonGregoItem( "he@calendar=hebrew",   DateFormat.LONG, "",                          cafti_he_hebrew_long ),
            new TestNonGregoItem( "zh@calendar=chinese",  DateFormat.NONE, "rU\u5E74MMMd",              cafti_zh_chinese_custU ),
            new TestNonGregoItem( "zh@calendar=chinese",  DateFormat.NONE, "r\u5E74MMMd",               cafti_zh_chinese_custNoU ),
            new TestNonGregoItem( "ja@calendar=japanese", DateFormat.NONE, "r(Gy)\u5E74M\u6708d\u65E5", cafti_ja_japanese_custGy ),
            new TestNonGregoItem( "ja@calendar=japanese", DateFormat.NONE, "r\u5E74M\u6708d\u65E5",     cafti_ja_japanese_custNoGy ),
            new TestNonGregoItem( "en@calendar=islamic",  DateFormat.NONE, "d MMM y G, r",              cafti_en_islamic_cust ),
        };
        for (TestNonGregoItem item: items) {
            ULocale locale = new ULocale(item.locale);
            DateFormat dfmt = null;
            if (item.style != DateFormat.NONE) {
                dfmt = DateFormat.getDateInstance(item.style, locale);
            } else {
                dfmt = new SimpleDateFormat(item.pattern, locale);
            }
            Calendar cal = dfmt.getCalendar();

            for (CalAndFmtTestItem caftItem: item.caftItems) {
                cal.clear();
                cal.set(Calendar.ERA, caftItem.era);
                cal.set(caftItem.year, caftItem.month, caftItem.day, caftItem.hour, caftItem.minute, 0);
                StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
                FieldPosition fpos = new FieldPosition(0);
                dfmt.format(cal, result, fpos);
                if (result.toString().compareTo(caftItem.formattedDate) != 0) {
                    errln("FAIL: date format for locale " + item.locale +  ", style " + item.style +
                            ", expected \"" + caftItem.formattedDate + "\", got \"" + result + "\"");
                } else {
                    // formatted OK, try parse
                    ParsePosition ppos = new ParsePosition(0);
                    dfmt.parse(result.toString(), cal, ppos);
                    int era = cal.get(Calendar.ERA);
                    int year = cal.get(Calendar.YEAR);
                    int month = cal.get(Calendar.MONTH);
                    int day = cal.get(Calendar.DATE);
                    if ( ppos.getIndex() < result.length() || era != caftItem.era || year != caftItem.year || month != caftItem.month || day != caftItem.day) {
                        errln("FAIL: date parse for locale " + item.locale +  ", style " + item.style +
                                ", string \"" + result + "\", expected " + caftItem.era+":" +caftItem.year+"-"+caftItem.month+"-"+caftItem.day +
                                ", got pos " + ppos.getIndex() + " "+year+"-"+month+"-"+day );
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestFormatsWithNumberSystems() {
        TimeZone zone = TimeZone.getFrozenTimeZone("UTC");
        long date = 1451556000000L; // for UTC: grego 31-Dec-2015 10 AM, hebrew 19 tevet 5776, chinese yi-wei 11mo 21day
        class TestFmtWithNumSysItem {
            public String localeID;
            public int style;
            public String expectPattern;
            public String expectFormat;
             // Simple constructor
            public TestFmtWithNumSysItem(String loc, int styl, String pat, String exp) {
                localeID = loc;
                style = styl;
                expectPattern = pat;
                expectFormat = exp;
            }
        };
        final TestFmtWithNumSysItem[] items = {
            new TestFmtWithNumSysItem( "haw@calendar=gregorian", DateFormat.SHORT,  "d/M/yy",       "31/xii/15" ),
            new TestFmtWithNumSysItem( "he@calendar=hebrew",     DateFormat.LONG, "d \u05D1MMMM y", "\u05D9\u05F4\u05D8 \u05D1\u05D8\u05D1\u05EA \u05EA\u05E9\u05E2\u05F4\u05D5" ),
            new TestFmtWithNumSysItem( "zh@calendar=chinese",      DateFormat.LONG, "rU\u5E74MMMd", "2015\u4E59\u672A\u5E74\u5341\u4E00\u6708\u5EFF\u4E00" ), // "2015乙未年十一月廿一"
            new TestFmtWithNumSysItem( "zh_Hant@calendar=chinese", DateFormat.LONG, "rU\u5E74MMMd", "2015\u4E59\u672A\u5E74\u51AC\u6708\u5EFF\u4E00" ), // "2015乙未年冬月廿一"
            new TestFmtWithNumSysItem( "ja@calendar=chinese", DateFormat.LONG, "U\u5E74MMMd\u65E5", "\u4E59\u672A\u5E74\u5341\u4E00\u6708\u4E8C\u4E00\u65E5" ), // "乙未年十一月二一日"
        };
        for (TestFmtWithNumSysItem item: items) {
            ULocale locale = new ULocale(item.localeID);
            Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance(zone, locale);
            cal.setTimeInMillis(date);
            SimpleDateFormat sdfmt = (SimpleDateFormat) DateFormat.getDateInstance(item.style, locale);
            StringBuffer getFormat = new StringBuffer();
            FieldPosition fp = new FieldPosition(0);
            sdfmt.format(cal, getFormat, fp);
            if (getFormat.toString().compareTo(item.expectFormat) != 0) {
                errln("FAIL: date format for locale " + item.localeID + ", expected \"" + item.expectFormat + "\", got \"" + getFormat.toString() + "\"");
            }
            String getPattern = sdfmt.toPattern();
            if (getPattern.compareTo(item.expectPattern) != 0) {
                errln("FAIL: date pattern for locale " + item.localeID + ", expected \"" + item.expectPattern + "\", got \"" + getPattern + "\"");
            }
        }

    }

    @Test
    public void TestTwoDigitWOY() { // See ICU Ticket #8514
        String dateText = new String("98MON01");

        SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("YYEEEww");
        simpleDateFormat.set2DigitYearStart(new GregorianCalendar(1999,0,1).getTime());

        Calendar cal = new GregorianCalendar();
        cal.clear();
        cal.setFirstDayOfWeek(Calendar.SUNDAY);
        cal.setMinimalDaysInFirstWeek(4);

        ParsePosition pp = new ParsePosition(0);

        simpleDateFormat.parse(dateText, cal, pp);

        if (pp.getErrorIndex() >= 0) {
            errln("FAIL: Error in parsing two digit WOY");
        }

        simpleDateFormat.applyPattern("Y");

        String result = simpleDateFormat.format(cal.getTime());
        if ( !result.equals("2098") ) {
            errln("FAIL: Unexpected result in two digit WOY parse.  Expected 2098, got " + result);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestContext() {
        class TestContextItem {
            public String locale;
            public String pattern;
            public DisplayContext capitalizationContext;
            public String expectedFormat;
             // Simple constructor
            public TestContextItem(String loc, String pat, DisplayContext capCtxt, String expFmt) {
                locale = loc;
                pattern = pat;
                capitalizationContext = capCtxt;
                expectedFormat = expFmt;
            }
        };
        final TestContextItem[] items = {
            new TestContextItem( "fr", "MMMM y", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_NONE,                    "juillet 2008" ),
            new TestContextItem( "fr", "MMMM y", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_MIDDLE_OF_SENTENCE,  "juillet 2008" ),
            new TestContextItem( "fr", "MMMM y", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_BEGINNING_OF_SENTENCE, "Juillet 2008" ),
            new TestContextItem( "fr", "MMMM y", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_UI_LIST_OR_MENU,     "juillet 2008" ),
            new TestContextItem( "fr", "MMMM y", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_STANDALONE,          "Juillet 2008" ),
            new TestContextItem( "cs", "LLLL y", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_NONE,                    "\u010Dervenec 2008" ),
            new TestContextItem( "cs", "LLLL y", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_MIDDLE_OF_SENTENCE,  "\u010Dervenec 2008" ),
            new TestContextItem( "cs", "LLLL y", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_BEGINNING_OF_SENTENCE, "\u010Cervenec 2008" ),
            new TestContextItem( "cs", "LLLL y", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_UI_LIST_OR_MENU,     "\u010Cervenec 2008" ),
            new TestContextItem( "cs", "LLLL y", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_STANDALONE,          "\u010Dervenec 2008" ),
        };
        class TestRelativeContextItem {
            public String locale;
            public DisplayContext capitalizationContext;
            public String expectedFormatToday;
            public String expectedFormatYesterday;
             // Simple constructor
            public TestRelativeContextItem(String loc, DisplayContext capCtxt, String expFmtToday, String expFmtYesterday) {
                locale = loc;
                capitalizationContext = capCtxt;
                expectedFormatToday = expFmtToday;
                expectedFormatYesterday = expFmtYesterday;
            }
        };
        final TestRelativeContextItem[] relItems = {
            new TestRelativeContextItem( "en", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_NONE,                      "today", "yesterday" ),
            new TestRelativeContextItem( "en", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_MIDDLE_OF_SENTENCE,    "today", "yesterday" ),
            new TestRelativeContextItem( "en", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_BEGINNING_OF_SENTENCE, "Today", "Yesterday" ),
            new TestRelativeContextItem( "en", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_UI_LIST_OR_MENU,       "Today", "Yesterday" ),
            new TestRelativeContextItem( "en", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_STANDALONE,            "Today", "Yesterday" ),
            new TestRelativeContextItem( "nb", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_NONE,                      "i dag", "i g\u00E5r" ),
            new TestRelativeContextItem( "nb", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_MIDDLE_OF_SENTENCE,    "i dag", "i g\u00E5r" ),
            new TestRelativeContextItem( "nb", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_BEGINNING_OF_SENTENCE, "I dag", "I g\u00E5r" ),
            new TestRelativeContextItem( "nb", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_UI_LIST_OR_MENU,       "i dag", "i g\u00E5r" ),
            new TestRelativeContextItem( "nb", DisplayContext.CAPITALIZATION_FOR_STANDALONE,            "I dag", "I g\u00E5r" ),
        };

        Calendar cal = new GregorianCalendar(2008, Calendar.JULY, 2);
        for (TestContextItem item: items) {
            ULocale locale = new ULocale(item.locale);
            SimpleDateFormat sdfmt = new SimpleDateFormat(item.pattern, locale);

            // now try context & standard format call
            sdfmt.setContext(item.capitalizationContext);
            SimpleDateFormat sdfmtClone = (SimpleDateFormat)sdfmt.clone();
            if (!sdfmtClone.equals(sdfmt)) {
                errln("FAIL: for locale " + item.locale +  ", capitalizationContext " + item.capitalizationContext +
                        ", sdfmt.clone() != sdfmt (for SimpleDateFormat)");
            }

            StringBuffer result2 = new StringBuffer();
            FieldPosition fpos2 = new FieldPosition(0);
            sdfmt.format(cal, result2, fpos2);
            if (result2.toString().compareTo(item.expectedFormat) != 0) {
                errln("FAIL: format for locale " + item.locale +  ", capitalizationContext " + item.capitalizationContext +
                        ", expected \"" + item.expectedFormat + "\", got \"" + result2 + "\"");
            }

            // now read back context, make sure it is what we set (testing with DateFormat subclass)
            DisplayContext capitalizationContext = sdfmt.getContext(DisplayContext.Type.CAPITALIZATION);
            if (capitalizationContext != item.capitalizationContext) {
                errln("FAIL: getContext for locale " + item.locale +  ", capitalizationContext " + item.capitalizationContext +
                        ", but got context " + capitalizationContext);
            }
        }
        for (TestRelativeContextItem relItem: relItems) {
            ULocale locale = new ULocale(relItem.locale);
            DateFormat dfmt = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.RELATIVE_LONG, locale);
            Date today = new Date();

            // now try context & standard format call
            dfmt.setContext(relItem.capitalizationContext);

            // write to stream, then read a copy from stream & compare
            boolean serializeTestFail = false;
            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
            DateFormat dfmtFromStream = null;
            try {
                baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
                oos.writeObject(dfmt);
                oos.close();
            } catch (IOException i) {
                errln("FAIL: for locale " + relItem.locale +  ", capitalizationContext " + relItem.capitalizationContext +
                        ", serialization of RELATIVE_LONG DateFormat fails with IOException");
                serializeTestFail = true;
            }
            if (!serializeTestFail) {
                byte[] buf = baos.toByteArray();
                try {
                    ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(buf);
                    ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
                    dfmtFromStream = (DateFormat)ois.readObject();
                    ois.close();
                } catch (IOException i) {
                    errln("FAIL: for locale " + relItem.locale +  ", capitalizationContext " + relItem.capitalizationContext +
                            ", deserialization of RELATIVE_LONG DateFormat fails with IOException");
                    serializeTestFail = true;
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException c) {
                    errln("FAIL: for locale " + relItem.locale +  ", capitalizationContext " + relItem.capitalizationContext +
                            ", deserialization of RELATIVE_LONG DateFormat fails with ClassNotFoundException");
                    serializeTestFail = true;
                }
            }
            if (!serializeTestFail && dfmtFromStream==null) {
                errln("FAIL: for locale " + relItem.locale +  ", capitalizationContext " + relItem.capitalizationContext +
                        ", dfmtFromStream is null (for RELATIVE_LONG)");
                serializeTestFail = true;
            }
            if (!serializeTestFail && !dfmtFromStream.equals(dfmt)) {
                errln("FAIL: for locale " + relItem.locale +  ", capitalizationContext " + relItem.capitalizationContext +
                        ", dfmtFromStream != dfmt (for RELATIVE_LONG)");
                serializeTestFail = true;
            }

            cal.setTime(today);
            StringBuffer result2 = new StringBuffer();
            FieldPosition fpos2 = new FieldPosition(0);
            dfmt.format(cal, result2, fpos2);
            if (result2.toString().compareTo(relItem.expectedFormatToday) != 0) {
                errln("FAIL: format today for locale " + relItem.locale +  ", capitalizationContext " + relItem.capitalizationContext +
                        ", expected \"" + relItem.expectedFormatToday + "\", got \"" + result2 + "\"");
            }
            if (!serializeTestFail) {
                result2.setLength(0);
                dfmtFromStream.format(cal, result2, fpos2);
                if (result2.toString().compareTo(relItem.expectedFormatToday) != 0) {
                    errln("FAIL: use dfmtFromStream to format today for locale " + relItem.locale +  ", capitalizationContext " +
                            relItem.capitalizationContext + ", expected \"" + relItem.expectedFormatToday + "\", got \"" + result2 + "\"");
                }
            }

            cal.add(Calendar.DATE, -1);
            result2.setLength(0);
            dfmt.format(cal, result2, fpos2);
            if (result2.toString().compareTo(relItem.expectedFormatYesterday) != 0) {
                errln("FAIL: format yesterday for locale " + relItem.locale +  ", capitalizationContext " + relItem.capitalizationContext +
                        ", expected \"" + relItem.expectedFormatYesterday + "\", got \"" + result2 + "\"");
            }

            // now read back context, make sure it is what we set (testing with DateFormat itself)
            DisplayContext capitalizationContext = dfmt.getContext(DisplayContext.Type.CAPITALIZATION);
            if (capitalizationContext != relItem.capitalizationContext) {
                errln("FAIL: getContext for locale " + relItem.locale +  ", capitalizationContext " + relItem.capitalizationContext +
                        ", but got context " + capitalizationContext);
            }
        }
    }

    static Date TEST_DATE = new Date(2012-1900, 1-1, 15); // January 15, 2012

    @Test
    public void TestDotAndAtLeniency() {
        for (ULocale locale : Arrays.asList(ULocale.ENGLISH, ULocale.FRENCH)) {
            List<Object[]> tests = new ArrayList();

            for (int dateStyle = DateFormat.FULL; dateStyle <= DateFormat.SHORT; ++dateStyle) {
                DateFormat dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateInstance(dateStyle, locale);

                for (int timeStyle = DateFormat.FULL; timeStyle <= DateFormat.SHORT; ++timeStyle) {
                    DateFormat format = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(dateStyle, timeStyle, locale);
                    DateFormat timeFormat = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(timeStyle, locale);
                    String formattedString = format.format(TEST_DATE);

                    tests.add(new Object[]{format, formattedString});

                    formattedString = dateFormat.format(TEST_DATE) + "  " + timeFormat.format(TEST_DATE);
                    tests.add(new Object[]{format, formattedString});
                    if (formattedString.contains("n ")) { // will add "." after the end of text ending in 'n', like Jan.
                        tests.add(new Object[]{format, formattedString.replace("n ", "n. ") + "."});
                    }
                    if (formattedString.contains(". ")) { // will subtract "." at the end of strings.
                        tests.add(new Object[]{format, formattedString.replace(". ", " ")});
                    }
                }
            }
            for (Object[] test : tests) {
                DateFormat format = (DateFormat) test[0];
                String formattedString = (String) test[1];
                if (!showParse(format, formattedString)) {
                    // showParse(format, formattedString); // for debugging
                }
            }
        }

    }

    private boolean showParse(DateFormat format, String formattedString) {
        ParsePosition parsePosition = new ParsePosition(0);
        parsePosition.setIndex(0);
        Date parsed = format.parse(formattedString, parsePosition);
        boolean ok = TEST_DATE.equals(parsed) && parsePosition.getIndex() == formattedString.length();
        if (ok) {
            logln(format + "\t" + formattedString);
        } else {
            errln(format + "\t" + formattedString);
        }
        return ok;
    }

    @Test
    public void TestDateFormatLeniency() {
        // For details see http://bugs.icu-project.org/trac/ticket/10261

        class TestDateFormatLeniencyItem {
            public ULocale locale;
            public boolean leniency;
            public String parseString;
            public String pattern;
            public String expectedResult;   // null indicates expected error
             // Simple constructor
            public TestDateFormatLeniencyItem(ULocale loc, boolean len, String parString, String patt, String expResult) {
                locale = loc;
                leniency = len;
                pattern = patt;
                parseString = parString;
                expectedResult = expResult;
            }
        };

        final TestDateFormatLeniencyItem[] items = {
            //                             locale               leniency    parse String    pattern             expected result
            new TestDateFormatLeniencyItem(ULocale.ENGLISH,     true,       "2008-07 02",   "yyyy-LLLL dd",     "2008-July 02"),
            new TestDateFormatLeniencyItem(ULocale.ENGLISH,     false,      "2008-07 02",   "yyyy-LLLL dd",     null),
            new TestDateFormatLeniencyItem(ULocale.ENGLISH,     true,       "2008-Jan 02",  "yyyy-LLL. dd",     "2008-Jan. 02"),
            new TestDateFormatLeniencyItem(ULocale.ENGLISH,     false,      "2008-Jan 02",  "yyyy-LLL. dd",     null),
            new TestDateFormatLeniencyItem(ULocale.ENGLISH,     true,       "2008-Jan--02", "yyyy-MMM' -- 'dd", "2008-Jan -- 02"),
            new TestDateFormatLeniencyItem(ULocale.ENGLISH,     false,      "2008-Jan--02", "yyyy-MMM' -- 'dd", null),
        };

        for (TestDateFormatLeniencyItem item : items) {
            SimpleDateFormat sdfmt = new SimpleDateFormat(item.pattern, item.locale);
            sdfmt.setBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_ALLOW_WHITESPACE, item.leniency)
                    .setBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_ALLOW_NUMERIC, item.leniency)
                    .setBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_PARTIAL_LITERAL_MATCH, item.leniency);

            ParsePosition p = new ParsePosition(0);
            Date d = sdfmt.parse(item.parseString, p);
            if (item.expectedResult == null) {
                if (p.getErrorIndex() != -1)
                    continue;
                else
                    errln("error: unexpected parse success..." + item.parseString + " w/ lenient=" + item.leniency
                            + " should have failed");
            }
            if (p.getErrorIndex() != -1) {
                errln("error: parse error for string " + item.parseString + " -- idx[" + p.getIndex() + "] errIdx["
                        + p.getErrorIndex() + "]");
                continue;
            }

            String result = sdfmt.format(d);
            if (!result.equalsIgnoreCase(item.expectedResult)) {
                errln("error: unexpected format result. expected - " + item.expectedResult + "  but result was - "
                        + result);
            } else {
                logln("formatted results match! - " + result);
            }
        }
    }

    // A regression test case for ticket#10632.
    // Make sure RELATIVE style works for getInstance overloads taking
    // Calendar instance.
    @Test
    public void Test10632() {
        Date[] testDates = new Date[3];
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();

        // today
        testDates[0] = cal.getTime();

        // tomorrow
        cal.add(Calendar.DATE, 1);
        testDates[1] = cal.getTime();

        // yesterday
        cal.add(Calendar.DATE, -2);
        testDates[2] = cal.getTime();


        // Relative styles for testing
        int[] dateStylesList = {
                DateFormat.RELATIVE_FULL,
                DateFormat.RELATIVE_LONG,
                DateFormat.RELATIVE_MEDIUM,
                DateFormat.RELATIVE_SHORT
        };

        Calendar fmtCal = DateFormat.getInstance().getCalendar();

        for (int i = 0; i < dateStylesList.length; i++) {
            DateFormat fmt0 = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(dateStylesList[i], DateFormat.DEFAULT);
            DateFormat fmt1 = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(fmtCal, dateStylesList[i], DateFormat.DEFAULT);

            for (int j = 0; j < testDates.length; j++) {
                String s0 = fmt0.format(testDates[j]);
                String s1 = fmt1.format(testDates[j]);

                if (!s0.equals(s1)) {
                    errln("FAIL: Different results returned by two equivalent relative formatters: s0="
                            + s0 + ", s1=" + s1);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void TestParseMultiPatternMatch() {
        // For details see http://bugs.icu-project.org/trac/ticket/10336

        class TestMultiPatternMatchItem {
            public boolean leniency;
            public String parseString;
            public String pattern;
            public String expectedResult;   // null indicates expected error
             // Simple constructor
            public TestMultiPatternMatchItem(boolean len, String parString, String patt, String expResult) {
                leniency = len;
                pattern = patt;
                parseString = parString;
                expectedResult = expResult;
            }
        };

        final TestMultiPatternMatchItem[] items = {
                //                            leniency    parse String                  pattern                 expected result
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(true,       "2013-Sep 13",                "yyyy-MMM dd",          "2013-Sep 13"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(true,       "2013-September 14",          "yyyy-MMM dd",          "2013-Sep 14"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(false,      "2013-September 15",          "yyyy-MMM dd",          null),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(false,      "2013-September 16",          "yyyy-MMMM dd",         "2013-September 16"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(true,       "2013-Sep 17",                "yyyy-LLL dd",          "2013-Sep 17"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(true,       "2013-September 18",          "yyyy-LLL dd",          "2013-Sep 18"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(false,      "2013-September 19",          "yyyy-LLL dd",          null),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(false,      "2013-September 20",          "yyyy-LLLL dd",         "2013-September 20"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(true,       "2013 Sat Sep 21",            "yyyy EEE MMM dd",      "2013 Sat Sep 21"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(true,       "2013 Sunday Sep 22",         "yyyy EEE MMM dd",      "2013 Sun Sep 22"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(false,      "2013 Monday Sep 23",         "yyyy EEE MMM dd",      null),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(false,      "2013 Tuesday Sep 24",        "yyyy EEEE MMM dd",     "2013 Tuesday Sep 24"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(true,       "2013 Wed Sep 25",            "yyyy eee MMM dd",      "2013 Wed Sep 25"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(true,       "2013 Thu Sep 26",            "yyyy eee MMM dd",      "2013 Thu Sep 26"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(false,      "2013 Friday Sep 27",         "yyyy eee MMM dd",      null),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(false,      "2013 Saturday Sep 28",       "yyyy eeee MMM dd",    "2013 Saturday Sep 28"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(true,       "2013 Sun Sep 29",            "yyyy ccc MMM dd",      "2013 Sun Sep 29"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(true,       "2013 Monday Sep 30",         "yyyy ccc MMM dd",      "2013 Mon Sep 30"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(false,      "2013 Sunday Oct 13",         "yyyy ccc MMM dd",      null),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(false,      "2013 Monday Oct 14",         "yyyy cccc MMM dd",     "2013 Monday Oct 14"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(true,       "2013 Oct 15 Q4",             "yyyy MMM dd QQQ",      "2013 Oct 15 Q4"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(true,       "2013 Oct 16 4th quarter",    "yyyy MMM dd QQQ",      "2013 Oct 16 Q4"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(false,      "2013 Oct 17 4th quarter",    "yyyy MMM dd QQQ",      null),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(false,      "2013 Oct 18 Q4",             "yyyy MMM dd QQQ",      "2013 Oct 18 Q4"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(true,       "2013 Oct 19 Q4",             "yyyy MMM dd qqqq",      "2013 Oct 19 4th quarter"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(true,       "2013 Oct 20 4th quarter",    "yyyy MMM dd qqqq",      "2013 Oct 20 4th quarter"),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(false,      "2013 Oct 21 Q4",             "yyyy MMM dd qqqq",      null),
                new TestMultiPatternMatchItem(false,      "2013 Oct 22 4th quarter",    "yyyy MMM dd qqqq",      "2013 Oct 22 4th quarter"),
        };

        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
        Date d = new Date();
        GregorianCalendar cal = new GregorianCalendar(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT"), Locale.US);
        SimpleDateFormat sdfmt = new SimpleDateFormat();
        ParsePosition p = new ParsePosition(0);
        for (TestMultiPatternMatchItem item: items) {
            cal.clear();
            sdfmt.setCalendar(cal);
            sdfmt.applyPattern(item.pattern);
            sdfmt.setLenient(item.leniency);
            sdfmt.setBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_MULTIPLE_PATTERNS_FOR_MATCH, item.leniency);
            result.setLength(0);
            p.setIndex(0);
            p.setErrorIndex(-1);
            d = sdfmt.parse(item.parseString, p);
            if(item.expectedResult == null) {
                if(p.getErrorIndex() != -1)
                    continue;
                else
                    errln("error: unexpected parse success..."+item.parseString + " w/ lenient="+item.leniency+" should have failed");
            }
            if(p.getErrorIndex() != -1) {
                errln("error: parse error for string " +item.parseString + " -- idx["+p.getIndex()+"] errIdx["+p.getErrorIndex()+"]");
                continue;
            }
            cal.setTime(d);
            result = sdfmt.format(cal, result, new FieldPosition(0));
            if(!result.toString().equalsIgnoreCase(item.expectedResult)) {
                errln("error: unexpected format result. expected - " + item.expectedResult + "  but result was - " + result);
            } else {
                logln("formatted results match! - " + result.toString());
            }
        }

    }

    @Test
    public void TestParseLeniencyAPIs() {
        DateFormat fmt = DateFormat.getInstance();

        assertTrue("isLenient default", fmt.isLenient());
        assertTrue("isCalendarLenient default", fmt.isCalendarLenient());
        assertTrue("ALLOW_WHITESPACE default", fmt.getBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_ALLOW_WHITESPACE));
        assertTrue("ALLOW_NUMERIC default", fmt.getBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_ALLOW_NUMERIC));
        assertTrue("PARTIAL_MATCH default", fmt.getBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_PARTIAL_LITERAL_MATCH));
        assertTrue("MULTIPLE_PATTERNS default", fmt.getBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_MULTIPLE_PATTERNS_FOR_MATCH));

        // Set calendar to strict
        fmt.setCalendarLenient(false);

        assertFalse("isLeninent after setCalendarLenient(FALSE)", fmt.isLenient());
        assertFalse("isCalendarLenient after setCalendarLenient(FALSE)", fmt.isCalendarLenient());
        assertTrue("ALLOW_WHITESPACE after setCalendarLenient(FALSE)", fmt.getBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_ALLOW_WHITESPACE));
        assertTrue("ALLOW_NUMERIC  after setCalendarLenient(FALSE)", fmt.getBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_ALLOW_NUMERIC));

        // Set to strict
        fmt.setLenient(false);

        assertFalse("isLeninent after setLenient(FALSE)", fmt.isLenient());
        assertFalse("isCalendarLenient after setLenient(FALSE)", fmt.isCalendarLenient());
        assertFalse("ALLOW_WHITESPACE after setLenient(FALSE)", fmt.getBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_ALLOW_WHITESPACE));
        assertFalse("ALLOW_NUMERIC  after setLenient(FALSE)", fmt.getBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_ALLOW_NUMERIC));
        // These two boolean attributes are NOT affected according to the API specification
        assertTrue("PARTIAL_MATCH after setLenient(FALSE)", fmt.getBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_PARTIAL_LITERAL_MATCH));
        assertTrue("MULTIPLE_PATTERNS after setLenient(FALSE)", fmt.getBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_MULTIPLE_PATTERNS_FOR_MATCH));

        // Allow white space leniency
        fmt.setBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_ALLOW_WHITESPACE, true);

        assertFalse("isLeninent after ALLOW_WHITESPACE/TRUE", fmt.isLenient());
        assertFalse("isCalendarLenient after ALLOW_WHITESPACE/TRUE", fmt.isCalendarLenient());
        assertTrue("ALLOW_WHITESPACE after ALLOW_WHITESPACE/TRUE", fmt.getBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_ALLOW_WHITESPACE));
        assertFalse("ALLOW_NUMERIC  after ALLOW_WHITESPACE/TRUE", fmt.getBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_ALLOW_NUMERIC));

        // Set to lenient
        fmt.setLenient(true);

        assertTrue("isLenient after setLenient(TRUE)", fmt.isLenient());
        assertTrue("isCalendarLenient after setLenient(TRUE)", fmt.isCalendarLenient());
        assertTrue("ALLOW_WHITESPACE after setLenient(TRUE)", fmt.getBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_ALLOW_WHITESPACE));
        assertTrue("ALLOW_NUMERIC after setLenient(TRUE)", fmt.getBooleanAttribute(BooleanAttribute.PARSE_ALLOW_NUMERIC));

    }

    @Test
    public void TestAmPmMidnightNoon() {
        // Some times on 2015-11-13.
        long k000000 = 1447372800000L;
        long k000030 = 1447372830000L;
        long k003000 = 1447374600000L;
        long k060000 = 1447394400000L;
        long k120000 = 1447416000000L;
        long k180000 = 1447437600000L;

        // Short.
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("hh:mm:ss bbb", Locale.ENGLISH);
        sdf.setTimeZone(TimeZone.GMT_ZONE);

        // Note: "midnight" can be ambiguous as to whether it refers to beginning of day or end of day.
        // For ICU 57 output of "midnight" is temporarily suppressed.

//        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbb | 00:00:00", "12:00:00 midnight", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbb | 00:00:00", "12:00:00 AM", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbb | 00:00:30", "12:00:30 AM", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbb | 00:30:00", "12:30:00 AM", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbb | 06:00:00", "06:00:00 AM", sdf.format(k060000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbb | 12:00:00", "12:00:00 noon", sdf.format(k120000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbb | 18:00:00", "06:00:00 PM", sdf.format(k180000));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm bbb");

//        assertEquals("hh:mm bbb | 00:00:00", "12:00 midnight", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm bbb | 00:00:00", "12:00 AM", sdf.format(k000000));
//        assertEquals("hh:mm bbb | 00:00:30", "12:00 midnight", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm bbb | 00:00:30", "12:00 AM", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm bbb | 00:30:00", "12:30 AM", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm bbb | 12:00:00", "12:00 noon", sdf.format(k120000));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh bbb");

//        assertEquals("hh bbb | 00:00:00", "12 midnight", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh bbb | 00:00:00", "12 AM", sdf.format(k000000));
//        assertEquals("hh bbb | 00:00:30", "12 midnight", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh bbb | 00:00:30", "12 AM", sdf.format(k000030));
//        assertEquals("hh bbb | 00:30:00", "12 midnight", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh bbb | 00:30:00", "12 AM", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh bbb | 12:00:00", "12 noon", sdf.format(k120000));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm b");

//        assertEquals("hh:mm b | 00:00:00", "12:00 midnight", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm b | 00:00:00", "12:00 AM", sdf.format(k000000));
//        assertEquals("hh:mm b | 00:00:30", "12:00 midnight", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm b | 00:00:30", "12:00 AM", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm b | 00:30:00", "12:30 AM", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm b | 12:00:00", "12:00 noon", sdf.format(k120000));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh b");

//        assertEquals("hh b | 00:00:00", "12 midnight", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh b | 00:00:00", "12 AM", sdf.format(k000000));
//        assertEquals("hh b | 00:00:30", "12 midnight", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh b | 00:00:30", "12 AM", sdf.format(k000030));
//        assertEquals("hh b | 00:30:00", "12 midnight", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh b | 00:30:00", "12 AM", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh b | 12:00:00", "12 noon", sdf.format(k120000));

        // Wide.
        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm:ss bbbb");

//        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbb | 00:00:00", "12:00:00 midnight", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbb | 00:00:00", "12:00:00 AM", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbb | 00:00:30", "12:00:30 AM", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbb | 00:30:00", "12:30:00 AM", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbb | 06:00:00", "06:00:00 AM", sdf.format(k060000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbb | 12:00:00", "12:00:00 noon", sdf.format(k120000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbb | 18:00:00", "06:00:00 PM", sdf.format(k180000));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm bbbb");

//        assertEquals("hh:mm bbbb | 00:00:00", "12:00 midnight", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm bbbb | 00:00:00", "12:00 AM", sdf.format(k000000));
//        assertEquals("hh:mm bbbb | 00:00:30", "12:00 midnight", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm bbbb | 00:00:30", "12:00 AM", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm bbbb | 00:30:00", "12:30 AM", sdf.format(k003000));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh bbbb");
//        assertEquals("hh bbbb | 00:00:00", "12 midnight", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh bbbb | 00:00:00", "12 AM", sdf.format(k000000));
//        assertEquals("hh bbbb | 00:00:30", "12 midnight", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh bbbb | 00:00:30", "12 AM", sdf.format(k000030));
//        assertEquals("hh bbbb | 00:30:00", "12 midnight", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh bbbb | 00:30:00", "12 AM", sdf.format(k003000));

        // Narrow.
        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm:ss bbbbb");

//        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbbb | 00:00:00", "12:00:00 mi", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbbb | 00:00:00", "12:00:00 a", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbbb | 00:00:30", "12:00:30 a", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbbb | 00:30:00", "12:30:00 a", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbbb | 06:00:00", "06:00:00 a", sdf.format(k060000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbbb | 12:00:00", "12:00:00 n", sdf.format(k120000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbbb | 18:00:00", "06:00:00 p", sdf.format(k180000));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm bbbbb");

//        assertEquals("hh:mm bbbbb | 00:00:00", "12:00 mi", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm bbbbb | 00:00:00", "12:00 a", sdf.format(k000000));
//        assertEquals("hh:mm bbbbb | 00:00:30", "12:00 mi", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm bbbbb | 00:00:30", "12:00 a", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm bbbbb | 00:30:00", "12:30 a", sdf.format(k003000));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh bbbbb");

//        assertEquals("hh bbbbb | 00:00:00", "12 mi", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh bbbbb | 00:00:00", "12 a", sdf.format(k000000));
//        assertEquals("hh bbbbb | 00:00:30", "12 mi", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh bbbbb | 00:00:30", "12 a", sdf.format(k000030));
//        assertEquals("hh bbbbb | 00:30:00", "12 mi", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh bbbbb | 00:30:00", "12 a", sdf.format(k003000));
    }

    @Test
    public void TestFlexibleDayPeriod() {
        // Some times on 2015-11-13.
        long k000000 = 1447372800000L;
        long k000030 = 1447372830000L;
        long k003000 = 1447374600000L;
        long k060000 = 1447394400000L;
        long k120000 = 1447416000000L;
        long k180000 = 1447437600000L;

        // Short.
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("hh:mm:ss BBB");
        sdf.setTimeZone(TimeZone.GMT_ZONE);

        // Note: "midnight" can be ambiguous as to whether it refers to beginning of day or end of day.
        // For ICU 57 output of "midnight" is temporarily suppressed.

//        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBB | 00:00:00", "12:00:00 midnight", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBB | 00:00:00", "12:00:00 at night", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBB | 00:00:30", "12:00:30 at night", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBB | 00:30:00", "12:30:00 at night", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBB | 06:00:00", "06:00:00 in the morning", sdf.format(k060000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBB | 12:00:00", "12:00:00 noon", sdf.format(k120000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBB | 18:00:00", "06:00:00 in the evening", sdf.format(k180000));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm BBB");

//        assertEquals("hh:mm BBB | 00:00:00", "12:00 midnight", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm BBB | 00:00:00", "12:00 at night", sdf.format(k000000));
//        assertEquals("hh:mm BBB | 00:00:30", "12:00 midnight", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm BBB | 00:00:30", "12:00 at night", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm BBB | 00:30:00", "12:30 at night", sdf.format(k003000));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh BBB");

//        assertEquals("hh BBB | 00:00:00", "12 midnight", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh BBB | 00:00:00", "12 at night", sdf.format(k000000));
//        assertEquals("hh BBB | 00:00:30", "12 midnight", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh BBB | 00:00:30", "12 at night", sdf.format(k000030));
//        assertEquals("hh BBB | 00:30:00", "12 midnight", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh BBB | 00:30:00", "12 at night", sdf.format(k003000));

        // Wide
        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm:ss BBBB");

//        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 00:00:00", "12:00:00 midnight", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 00:00:00", "12:00:00 at night", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 00:00:30", "12:00:30 at night", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 00:30:00", "12:30:00 at night", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 06:00:00", "06:00:00 in the morning", sdf.format(k060000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 12:00:00", "12:00:00 noon", sdf.format(k120000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 18:00:00", "06:00:00 in the evening", sdf.format(k180000));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm BBBB");

//        assertEquals("hh:mm BBBB | 00:00:00", "12:00 midnight", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm BBBB | 00:00:00", "12:00 at night", sdf.format(k000000));
//        assertEquals("hh:mm BBBB | 00:00:30", "12:00 midnight", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm BBBB | 00:00:30", "12:00 at night", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm BBBB | 00:30:00", "12:30 at night", sdf.format(k003000));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh BBBB");

//        assertEquals("hh BBBB | 00:00:00", "12 midnight", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh BBBB | 00:00:00", "12 at night", sdf.format(k000000));
//        assertEquals("hh BBBB | 00:00:30", "12 midnight", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh BBBB | 00:00:30", "12 at night", sdf.format(k000030));
//        assertEquals("hh BBBB | 00:30:00", "12 midnight", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh BBBB | 00:30:00", "12 at night", sdf.format(k003000));

        // Narrow
        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm:ss BBBBB");

//        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBBB | 00:00:00", "12:00:00 mi", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBBB | 00:00:00", "12:00:00 at night", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBBB | 00:00:30", "12:00:30 at night", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBBB | 00:30:00", "12:30:00 at night", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBBB | 06:00:00", "06:00:00 in the morning", sdf.format(k060000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBBB | 12:00:00", "12:00:00 n", sdf.format(k120000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBBB | 18:00:00", "06:00:00 in the evening", sdf.format(k180000));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm BBBBB");

//        assertEquals("hh:mm BBBBB | 00:00:00", "12:00 mi", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm BBBBB | 00:00:00", "12:00 at night", sdf.format(k000000));
//        assertEquals("hh:mm BBBBB | 00:00:30", "12:00 mi", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm BBBBB | 00:00:30", "12:00 at night", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm BBBBB | 00:30:00", "12:30 at night", sdf.format(k003000));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh BBBBB");

//        assertEquals("hh BBBBB | 00:00:00", "12 mi", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh BBBBB | 00:00:00", "12 at night", sdf.format(k000000));
//        assertEquals("hh BBBBB | 00:00:30", "12 mi", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh BBBBB | 00:00:30", "12 at night", sdf.format(k000030));
//        assertEquals("hh BBBBB | 00:30:00", "12 mi", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh BBBBB | 00:30:00", "12 at night", sdf.format(k003000));
    }

    @Test
    public void TestDayPeriodWithLocales() {
        // Some times on 2015-11-13 (UTC+0).
        long k000000 = 1447372800000L;
        long k010000 = 1447376400000L;
        long k120000 = 1447416000000L;
        long k220000 = 1447452000000L;

        // Locale de has a word for midnight, but not noon.
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("", ULocale.GERMANY);
        sdf.setTimeZone(TimeZone.GMT_ZONE);

        // Note: "midnight" can be ambiguous as to whether it refers to beginning of day or end of day.
        // For ICU 57 output of "midnight" and its localized equivalents is temporarily suppressed.

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm:ss bbbb");

//        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbb | 00:00:00 | de", "12:00:00 Mitternacht", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbb | 00:00:00 | de", "12:00:00 AM", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss bbbb | 12:00:00 | de", "12:00:00 PM", sdf.format(k120000));

        // Locale ee has a rule that wraps around midnight (21h - 4h).
        sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("", new ULocale("ee"));
        sdf.setTimeZone(TimeZone.GMT_ZONE);

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm:ss BBBB");

        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 22:00:00 | ee", "10:00:00 zã", sdf.format(k220000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 00:00:00 | ee", "12:00:00 zã", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 01:00:00 | ee", "01:00:00 zã", sdf.format(k010000));

        // Locale root has rules for AM/PM only.
        sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("", new ULocale("root"));
        sdf.setTimeZone(TimeZone.GMT_ZONE);

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm:ss BBBB");

        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 00:00:00 | root", "12:00:00 AM", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 12:00:00 | root", "12:00:00 PM", sdf.format(k120000));

        // Empty string should behave exactly as root.
        sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("", new ULocale(""));
        sdf.setTimeZone(TimeZone.GMT_ZONE);

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm:ss BBBB");

        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 00:00:00 | \"\" (root)", "12:00:00 AM", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 12:00:00 | \"\" (root)", "12:00:00 PM", sdf.format(k120000));

        // Locale en_US should fall back to en.
        sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("", new ULocale("en_US"));
        sdf.setTimeZone(TimeZone.GMT_ZONE);

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm:ss BBBB");

//        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 00:00:00 | en_US", "12:00:00 midnight", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 00:00:00 | en_US", "12:00:00 at night", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 01:00:00 | en_US", "01:00:00 at night", sdf.format(k010000));
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 12:00:00 | en_US", "12:00:00 noon", sdf.format(k120000));

        // Locale es_CO should not fall back to es and should have a
        // different string for 1 in the morning.
        // (es_CO: "de la mañana" vs. es: "de la madrugada")
        sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("", new ULocale("es_CO"));
        sdf.setTimeZone(TimeZone.GMT_ZONE);

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm:ss BBBB");
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 01:00:00 | es_CO", "01:00:00 de la mañana", sdf.format(k010000));

        sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("", new ULocale("es"));
        sdf.setTimeZone(TimeZone.GMT_ZONE);

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm:ss BBBB");
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 01:00:00 | es", "01:00:00 de la madrugada", sdf.format(k010000));

        // #13215: for locales with keywords, check hang in DayPeriodRules.getInstance(ULocale),
        // which is called in SimpleDateFormat.format for patterns that include 'B'.
        sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("", new ULocale("en@calendar=buddhist"));
        sdf.setTimeZone(TimeZone.GMT_ZONE);

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm:ss BBBB");
        assertEquals("hh:mm:ss BBBB | 01:00:00 | en@calendar=buddhist", "01:00:00 at night", sdf.format(k010000));
    }

    @Test
    public void TestMinuteSecondFieldsInOddPlaces() {
        // Some times on 2015-11-13 (UTC+0).
        long k000000 = 1447372800000L;
        long k000030 = 1447372830000L;
        long k003000 = 1447374600000L;
        long k060030 = 1447394430000L;
        long k063000 = 1447396200000L;

        // Apply pattern through constructor to make sure parsePattern() is called during initialization.
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("hh:mm 'ss' bbbb");
        sdf.setTimeZone(TimeZone.GMT_ZONE);

        // Note: "midnight" can be ambiguous as to whether it refers to beginning of day or end of day.
        // For ICU 57 output of "midnight" is temporarily suppressed.

        // Seconds field is not present.
//        assertEquals("hh:mm 'ss' bbbb | 00:00:30", "12:00 ss midnight", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm 'ss' bbbb | 00:00:30", "12:00 ss AM", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm 'ss' bbbb | 06:00:30", "06:00 ss AM", sdf.format(k060030));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh:mm 'ss' BBBB");

//        assertEquals("hh:mm 'ss' BBBB | 00:00:30", "12:00 ss midnight", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm 'ss' BBBB | 00:00:30", "12:00 ss at night", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("hh:mm 'ss' BBBB | 06:00:30", "06:00 ss in the morning", sdf.format(k060030));

        // Minutes field is not present.
        sdf.applyPattern("hh 'mm ss' bbbb");

//        assertEquals("hh 'mm ss' bbbb | 00:30:00", "12 mm ss midnight", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh 'mm ss' bbbb | 00:30:00", "12 mm ss AM", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh 'mm ss' bbbb | 06:30:00", "06 mm ss AM", sdf.format(k063000));

        sdf.applyPattern("hh 'mm ss' BBBB");

//        assertEquals("hh 'mm ss' BBBB | 00:30:00", "12 mm ss midnight", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh 'mm ss' BBBB | 00:30:00", "12 mm ss at night", sdf.format(k003000));
        assertEquals("hh 'mm ss' BBBB | 06:30:00", "06 mm ss in the morning", sdf.format(k063000));

        // Minutes and seconds fields appear after day periods.
        sdf.applyPattern("bbbb hh:mm:ss");

//        assertEquals("bbbb hh:mm:ss | 00:00:00", "midnight 12:00:00", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("bbbb hh:mm:ss | 00:00:00", "AM 12:00:00", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("bbbb hh:mm:ss | 00:00:30", "AM 12:00:30", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("bbbb hh:mm:ss | 00:30:00", "AM 12:30:00", sdf.format(k003000));

        sdf.applyPattern("BBBB hh:mm:ss");

//        assertEquals("BBBB hh:mm:ss | 00:00:00", "midnight 12:00:00", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("BBBB hh:mm:ss | 00:00:00", "at night 12:00:00", sdf.format(k000000));
        assertEquals("BBBB hh:mm:ss | 00:00:30", "at night 12:00:30", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("BBBB hh:mm:ss | 00:30:00", "at night 12:30:00", sdf.format(k003000));

        // Confirm applyPattern() reparses the pattern string.
        sdf.applyPattern("BBBB hh");
//        assertEquals("BBBB hh | 00:00:30", "midnight 12", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("BBBB hh | 00:00:30", "at night 12", sdf.format(k000030));

        sdf.applyPattern("BBBB hh:mm:'ss'");
//        assertEquals("BBBB hh:mm:'ss' | 00:00:30", "midnight 12:00:ss", sdf.format(k000030));
        assertEquals("BBBB hh:mm:'ss' | 00:00:30", "at night 12:00:ss", sdf.format(k000030));

        sdf.applyPattern("BBBB hh:mm:ss");
        assertEquals("BBBB hh:mm:ss | 00:00:30", "at night 12:00:30", sdf.format(k000030));
    }

    @Test
    public void TestDayPeriodParsing() throws ParseException {
        // Some times on 2015-11-13 (UTC+0).
        Date k000000 = new Date(1447372800000L);
        Date k003700 = new Date(1447375020000L);
        Date k010000 = new Date(1447376400000L);
        Date k013000 = new Date(1447378200000L);
        Date k030000 = new Date(1447383600000L);
        Date k090000 = new Date(1447405200000L);
        Date k120000 = new Date(1447416000000L);
        Date k130000 = new Date(1447419600000L);
        Date k133700 = new Date(1447421820000L);
        Date k150000 = new Date(1447426800000L);
        Date k190000 = new Date(1447441200000L);
        Date k193000 = new Date(1447443000000L);
        Date k200000 = new Date(1447444800000L);
        Date k210000 = new Date(1447448400000L);

        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("");
        sdf.setTimeZone(TimeZone.GMT_ZONE);

        // 'B' -- flexible day periods
        // A day period on its own parses to the center of that period.
        sdf.applyPattern("yyyy-MM-dd B");
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd B | 2015-11-13 midnight", k000000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 midnight"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd B | 2015-11-13 noon", k120000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 noon"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd B | 2015-11-13 in the afternoon", k150000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 in the afternoon"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd B | 2015-11-13 in the evening", k193000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 in the evening"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd B | 2015-11-13 at night", k013000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 at night"));

        // If time and day period are consistent with each other then time is parsed accordingly.
        sdf.applyPattern("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm B");
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm B | 2015-11-13 12:00 midnight", k000000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 12:00 midnight"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm B | 2015-11-13 12:00 noon", k120000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 12:00 noon"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm B | 2015-11-13 01:00 at night", k010000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 01:00 at night"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm B | 2015-11-13 01:00 in the afternoon", k130000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 01:00 in the afternoon"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm B | 2015-11-13 09:00 in the morning", k090000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 09:00 in the morning"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm B | 2015-11-13 09:00 at night", k210000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 09:00 at night"));

        // If the hour is 13 thru 23 then day period has no effect on time (since time is assumed
        // to be in 24-hour format).
        // TODO: failing!
        sdf.applyPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B");
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 13:37 midnight", k133700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 13:37 midnight"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 13:37 noon", k133700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 13:37 noon"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 13:37 at night", k133700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 13:37 at night"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 13:37 in the afternoon", k133700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 13:37 in the afternoon"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 13:37 in the morning", k133700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 13:37 in the morning"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 13:37 at night", k133700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 13:37 at night"));

        // Hour 0 is synonymous with hour 12 when parsed with 'h'.
        // This unfortunately means we have to tolerate "0 noon" as it's synonymous with "12 noon".
        sdf.applyPattern("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm B");
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm B | 2015-11-13 00:00 midnight", k000000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 00:00 midnight"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm B | 2015-11-13 00:00 noon", k120000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 00:00 noon"));

        // But when parsed with 'H', 0 indicates a 24-hour time, therefore we disregard the day period.
        sdf.applyPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B");
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 00:37 midnight", k003700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 00:37 midnight"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 00:37 noon", k003700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 00:37 noon"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 00:37 at night", k003700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 00:37 at night"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 00:37 in the afternoon", k003700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 00:37 in the afternoon"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 00:37 in the morning", k003700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 00:37 in the morning"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 00:37 at night", k003700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 00:37 at night"));

        // Even when parsed with 'H', hours 1 thru 12 are considered 12-hour time and takes
        // day period into account in parsing.
        sdf.applyPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B");
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 12:00 midnight", k000000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 12:00 midnight"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 12:00 noon", k120000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 12:00 noon"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 01:00 at night", k010000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 01:00 at night"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 01:00 in the afternoon", k130000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 01:00 in the afternoon"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 09:00 in the morning", k090000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 09:00 in the morning"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm B | 2015-11-13 09:00 at night", k210000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 09:00 at night"));

        // If a 12-hour time and the day period don't agree with each other, time is parsed as close
        // to the given day period as possible.
        sdf.applyPattern("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm B");

        // AFTERNOON1 is [12, 18), but "7 in the afternoon" parses to 19:00.
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm B | 2015-11-13 07:00 in the afternoon", k190000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 07:00 in the afternoon"));
        // NIGHT1 is [21, 6), but "8 at night" parses to 20:00.
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm B | 2015-11-13 08:00 at night", k200000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 08:00 at night"));

        // 'b' -- fixed day periods (AM, PM, midnight, noon)
        // On their own, "midnight" parses to 00:00 and "noon" parses to 12:00.
        // AM and PM are handled by the 'a' parser (which doesn't handle this case well).
        sdf.applyPattern("yyyy-MM-dd b");
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd b | 2015-11-13 midnight", k000000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 midnight"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd b | 2015-11-13 noon", k120000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 noon"));

        // For 12-hour times, AM and PM should be parsed as if with pattern character 'a'.
        sdf.applyPattern("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm b");
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm b | 2015-11-13 01:00 AM", k010000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 01:00 AM"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm b | 2015-11-13 01:00 PM", k130000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 01:00 PM"));

        // 12 midnight parses to 00:00, and 12 noon parses to 12:00.
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm b | 2015-11-13 12:00 midnight", k000000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 12:00 midnight"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm b | 2015-11-13 12:00 noon", k120000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 12:00 noon"));

        // Hours 13-23 indicate 24-hour time so we disregard "midnight" or "noon".
        // Again, AM and PM are handled by the 'a' parser which doesn't handle this case well.
        sdf.applyPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm b");
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm b | 2015-11-13 13:37 midnight", k133700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 13:37 midnight"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm b | 2015-11-13 13:37 noon", k133700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 13:37 noon"));

        // Hour 0 is synonymous with hour 12 when parsed with 'h'.
        // Again, this means we have to tolerate "0 noon" as it's synonymous with "12 noon".
        sdf.applyPattern("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm b");
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm b | 2015-11-13 00:00 midnight", k000000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 00:00 midnight"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm b | 2015-11-13 00:00 noon", k120000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 00:00 noon"));

        // With 'H' though 0 indicates a 24-hour time, therefore we disregard the day period.
        sdf.applyPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm b");
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm b | 2015-11-13 00:37 midnight", k003700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 00:37 midnight"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm b | 2015-11-13 00:37 noon", k003700, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 00:37 noon"));

        // If "midnight" or "noon" is parsed with a 12-hour time other than 12:00, choose
        // the version that's closer to the period given.
        sdf.applyPattern("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm b");
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm b | 2015-11-13 03:00 midnight", k030000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 03:00 midnight"));
        assertEquals("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm b | 2015-11-13 03:00 noon", k150000, sdf.parse("2015-11-13 03:00 noon"));
    }

    @Test
    public void TestParseRegression13744() {
        DateFormat dfmt = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.SHORT, DateFormat.SHORT, Locale.US);
        ParsePosition pos = new ParsePosition(0);
        final String inDate = "4/27/18";    // date only, no time
        dfmt.parse(inDate, pos);
        assertEquals("Error index", inDate.length(), pos.getErrorIndex());
    }

    @Test
    public void test20739_MillisecondsWithoutSeconds() {
        String[][] cases = new String[][]{
            // Ticket #20739
            // minutes+milliseconds, seconds missing, should be repaired
            {"SSSSm", "mm:ss.SSSS"},
            {"mSSSS", "mm:ss.SSSS"},
            {"SSSm", "mm:ss.SSS"},
            {"mSSS", "mm:ss.SSS"},
            {"SSm", "mm:ss.SS"},
            {"mSS", "mm:ss.SS"},
            {"Sm", "mm:ss.S"},
            {"mS", "mm:ss.S"},
            // only milliseconds, untouched, no repairs
            {"S", "S"},
            {"SS", "SS"},
            {"SSS", "SSS"},
            {"SSSS", "SSSS"},
            // hour:minute+seconds+milliseconds, correct, no repairs, proper pattern
            {"jmsSSS", "h:mm:ss.SSS a"},
            {"jmSSS", "h:mm:ss.SSS a"},
            // Ticket #20738
            // seconds+milliseconds, correct, no repairs, proper pattern
            {"sS", "s.S"},
            {"sSS", "s.SS"},
            {"sSSS", "s.SSS"},
            {"sSSSS", "s.SSSS"},
            // minutes+seconds+milliseconds, correct, no repairs, proper pattern
            {"msS", "mm:ss.S"},
            {"msSS", "mm:ss.SS"},
            {"msSSS", "mm:ss.SSS"},
            {"msSSSS", "mm:ss.SSSS"}
        };

        ULocale locale = ULocale.ENGLISH;
        for (String[] cas : cases) {
            DateFormat fmt = DateFormat.getInstanceForSkeleton( cas[0], locale);
            String pattern = ((SimpleDateFormat) fmt).toPattern();
            assertEquals("Format pattern", cas[1], pattern);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test20741_ABFields() {
        String [] skeletons = {"EEEEEBBBBB", "EEEEEbbbbb"};
        ULocale[] locales = ULocale.getAvailableLocales();
        for (String skeleton : skeletons) {
            for (int i = 0; i < locales.length; i++) {
                ULocale locale = locales[i];
                if (isQuick() && (i % 17 != 0)) continue;

                DateTimePatternGenerator gen = DateTimePatternGenerator.getInstance(locale);
                String pattern = gen.getBestPattern(skeleton);
                SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern, locale);
                Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getTimeZone("PST8PDT"));
                calendar.setTime(new Date(0));

                FieldPosition pos_c = new FieldPosition(DateFormat.Field.DAY_OF_WEEK);
                dateFormat.format(calendar, new StringBuffer(""), pos_c);
                assertFalse("'Day of week' field was not found", pos_c.getBeginIndex() == 0 && pos_c.getEndIndex() == 0);

                if (skeleton.equals("EEEEEBBBBB")) {
                    FieldPosition pos_B = new FieldPosition(DateFormat.Field.FLEXIBLE_DAY_PERIOD);
                    dateFormat.format(calendar, new StringBuffer(""), pos_B);
                    assertFalse("'Flexible day period' field was not found", pos_B.getBeginIndex() == 0 && pos_B.getEndIndex() == 0);
                } else {
                    FieldPosition pos_b = new FieldPosition(DateFormat.Field.AM_PM_MIDNIGHT_NOON);
                    dateFormat.format(calendar, new StringBuffer(""), pos_b);
                    assertFalse("'AM/PM/Midnight/Noon' field was not found", pos_b.getBeginIndex() == 0 && pos_b.getEndIndex() == 0);
                }

                FieldPosition pos_a = new FieldPosition(DateFormat.Field.AM_PM);
                dateFormat.format(calendar, new StringBuffer(""), pos_a);
                assertTrue("'AM/PM' field was found", pos_a.getBeginIndex() == 0 && pos_a.getEndIndex() == 0);
            }
        }
    }
}