/*
 * Copyright (C)2011-2012, 2014-2015, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023
 *           D. R. Commander.  All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * - Neither the name of the libjpeg-turbo Project nor the names of its
 *   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
 *   software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS",
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * This program demonstrates how to compress, decompress, and transform JPEG
 * images using the TurboJPEG C API
 */

#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <turbojpeg.h>


#ifdef _WIN32
#define strcasecmp  stricmp
#define strncasecmp  strnicmp
#endif

#define THROW(action, message) { \
  printf("ERROR in line %d while %s:\n%s\n", __LINE__, action, message); \
  retval = -1;  goto bailout; \
}

#define THROW_TJ(action)  THROW(action, tjGetErrorStr2(tjInstance))

#define THROW_UNIX(action)  THROW(action, strerror(errno))

#define DEFAULT_SUBSAMP  TJSAMP_444
#define DEFAULT_QUALITY  95


const char *subsampName[TJ_NUMSAMP] = {
  "4:4:4", "4:2:2", "4:2:0", "Grayscale", "4:4:0", "4:1:1"
};

const char *colorspaceName[TJ_NUMCS] = {
  "RGB", "YCbCr", "GRAY", "CMYK", "YCCK"
};

tjscalingfactor *scalingFactors = NULL;
int numScalingFactors = 0;


/* DCT filter example.  This produces a negative of the image. */

static int customFilter(short *coeffs, tjregion arrayRegion,
                        tjregion planeRegion, int componentIndex,
                        int transformIndex, tjtransform *transform)
{
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < arrayRegion.w * arrayRegion.h; i++)
    coeffs[i] = -coeffs[i];

  return 0;
}


static void usage(char *programName)
{
  int i;

  printf("\nUSAGE: %s <Input image> <Output image> [options]\n\n",
         programName);

  printf("Input and output images can be in Windows BMP or PBMPLUS (PPM/PGM) format.  If\n");
  printf("either filename ends in a .jpg extension, then the TurboJPEG API will be used\n");
  printf("to compress or decompress the image.\n\n");

  printf("Compression Options (used if the output image is a JPEG image)\n");
  printf("--------------------------------------------------------------\n\n");

  printf("-subsamp <444|422|420|gray> = Apply this level of chrominance subsampling when\n");
  printf("     compressing the output image.  The default is to use the same level of\n");
  printf("     subsampling as in the input image, if the input image is also a JPEG\n");
  printf("     image, or to use grayscale if the input image is a grayscale non-JPEG\n");
  printf("     image, or to use %s subsampling otherwise.\n\n",
         subsampName[DEFAULT_SUBSAMP]);

  printf("-q <1-100> = Compress the output image with this JPEG quality level\n");
  printf("     (default = %d).\n\n", DEFAULT_QUALITY);

  printf("Decompression Options (used if the input image is a JPEG image)\n");
  printf("---------------------------------------------------------------\n\n");

  printf("-scale M/N = Scale the input image by a factor of M/N when decompressing it.\n");
  printf("(M/N = ");
  for (i = 0; i < numScalingFactors; i++) {
    printf("%d/%d", scalingFactors[i].num, scalingFactors[i].denom);
    if (numScalingFactors == 2 && i != numScalingFactors - 1)
      printf(" or ");
    else if (numScalingFactors > 2) {
      if (i != numScalingFactors - 1)
        printf(", ");
      if (i == numScalingFactors - 2)
        printf("or ");
    }
  }
  printf(")\n\n");

  printf("-hflip, -vflip, -transpose, -transverse, -rot90, -rot180, -rot270 =\n");
  printf("     Perform one of these lossless transform operations on the input image\n");
  printf("     prior to decompressing it (these options are mutually exclusive.)\n\n");

  printf("-grayscale = Perform lossless grayscale conversion on the input image prior\n");
  printf("     to decompressing it (can be combined with the other transform operations\n");
  printf("     above.)\n\n");

  printf("-crop WxH+X+Y = Perform lossless cropping on the input image prior to\n");
  printf("     decompressing it.  X and Y specify the upper left corner of the cropping\n");
  printf("     region, and W and H specify the width and height of the cropping region.\n");
  printf("     X and Y must be evenly divible by the MCU block size (8x8 if the input\n");
  printf("     image was compressed using no subsampling or grayscale, 16x8 if it was\n");
  printf("     compressed using 4:2:2 subsampling, or 16x16 if it was compressed using\n");
  printf("     4:2:0 subsampling.)\n\n");

  printf("General Options\n");
  printf("---------------\n\n");

  printf("-fastupsample = Use the fastest chrominance upsampling algorithm available\n\n");

  printf("-fastdct = Use the fastest DCT/IDCT algorithm available\n\n");

  printf("-accuratedct = Use the most accurate DCT/IDCT algorithm available\n\n");

  exit(1);
}


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  tjscalingfactor scalingFactor = { 1, 1 };
  int outSubsamp = -1, outQual = -1;
  tjtransform xform;
  int flags = 0;
  int width, height;
  char *inFormat, *outFormat;
  FILE *jpegFile = NULL;
  unsigned char *imgBuf = NULL, *jpegBuf = NULL;
  int retval = 0, i, pixelFormat = TJPF_UNKNOWN;
  tjhandle tjInstance = NULL;

  if ((scalingFactors = tjGetScalingFactors(&numScalingFactors)) == NULL)
    THROW_TJ("getting scaling factors");
  memset(&xform, 0, sizeof(tjtransform));

  if (argc < 3)
    usage(argv[0]);

  /* Parse arguments. */
  for (i = 3; i < argc; i++) {
    if (!strncasecmp(argv[i], "-sc", 3) && i < argc - 1) {
      int match = 0, temp1 = 0, temp2 = 0, j;

      if (sscanf(argv[++i], "%d/%d", &temp1, &temp2) < 2)
        usage(argv[0]);
      for (j = 0; j < numScalingFactors; j++) {
        if ((double)temp1 / (double)temp2 == (double)scalingFactors[j].num /
                                             (double)scalingFactors[j].denom) {
          scalingFactor = scalingFactors[j];
          match = 1;
          break;
        }
      }
      if (match != 1)
        usage(argv[0]);
    } else if (!strncasecmp(argv[i], "-su", 3) && i < argc - 1) {
      i++;
      if (!strncasecmp(argv[i], "g", 1))
        outSubsamp = TJSAMP_GRAY;
      else if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "444"))
        outSubsamp = TJSAMP_444;
      else if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "422"))
        outSubsamp = TJSAMP_422;
      else if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "420"))
        outSubsamp = TJSAMP_420;
      else
        usage(argv[0]);
    } else if (!strncasecmp(argv[i], "-q", 2) && i < argc - 1) {
      outQual = atoi(argv[++i]);
      if (outQual < 1 || outQual > 100)
        usage(argv[0]);
    } else if (!strncasecmp(argv[i], "-g", 2))
      xform.options |= TJXOPT_GRAY;
    else if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "-hflip"))
      xform.op = TJXOP_HFLIP;
    else if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "-vflip"))
      xform.op = TJXOP_VFLIP;
    else if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "-transpose"))
      xform.op = TJXOP_TRANSPOSE;
    else if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "-transverse"))
      xform.op = TJXOP_TRANSVERSE;
    else if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "-rot90"))
      xform.op = TJXOP_ROT90;
    else if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "-rot180"))
      xform.op = TJXOP_ROT180;
    else if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "-rot270"))
      xform.op = TJXOP_ROT270;
    else if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "-custom"))
      xform.customFilter = customFilter;
    else if (!strncasecmp(argv[i], "-c", 2) && i < argc - 1) {
      if (sscanf(argv[++i], "%dx%d+%d+%d", &xform.r.w, &xform.r.h, &xform.r.x,
                 &xform.r.y) < 4 ||
          xform.r.x < 0 || xform.r.y < 0 || xform.r.w < 1 || xform.r.h < 1)
        usage(argv[0]);
      xform.options |= TJXOPT_CROP;
    } else if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "-fastupsample")) {
      printf("Using fast upsampling code\n");
      flags |= TJFLAG_FASTUPSAMPLE;
    } else if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "-fastdct")) {
      printf("Using fastest DCT/IDCT algorithm\n");
      flags |= TJFLAG_FASTDCT;
    } else if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "-accuratedct")) {
      printf("Using most accurate DCT/IDCT algorithm\n");
      flags |= TJFLAG_ACCURATEDCT;
    } else usage(argv[0]);
  }

  /* Determine input and output image formats based on file extensions. */
  inFormat = strrchr(argv[1], '.');
  outFormat = strrchr(argv[2], '.');
  if (inFormat == NULL || outFormat == NULL || strlen(inFormat) < 2 ||
      strlen(outFormat) < 2)
    usage(argv[0]);
  inFormat = &inFormat[1];
  outFormat = &outFormat[1];

  if (!strcasecmp(inFormat, "jpg")) {
    /* Input image is a JPEG image.  Decompress and/or transform it. */
    long size;
    int inSubsamp, inColorspace;
    int doTransform = (xform.op != TJXOP_NONE || xform.options != 0 ||
                       xform.customFilter != NULL);
    unsigned long jpegSize;

    /* Read the JPEG file into memory. */
    if ((jpegFile = fopen(argv[1], "rb")) == NULL)
      THROW_UNIX("opening input file");
    if (fseek(jpegFile, 0, SEEK_END) < 0 || ((size = ftell(jpegFile)) < 0) ||
        fseek(jpegFile, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0)
      THROW_UNIX("determining input file size");
    if (size == 0)
      THROW("determining input file size", "Input file contains no data");
    jpegSize = (unsigned long)size;
    if (jpegSize > (unsigned long)INT_MAX)
      THROW("allocating JPEG buffer", "Input file is too large");
    if ((jpegBuf = (unsigned char *)tjAlloc(jpegSize)) == NULL)
      THROW_UNIX("allocating JPEG buffer");
    if (fread(jpegBuf, jpegSize, 1, jpegFile) < 1)
      THROW_UNIX("reading input file");
    fclose(jpegFile);  jpegFile = NULL;

    if (doTransform) {
      /* Transform it. */
      unsigned char *dstBuf = NULL;  /* Dynamically allocate the JPEG buffer */
      unsigned long dstSize = 0;

      if ((tjInstance = tjInitTransform()) == NULL)
        THROW_TJ("initializing transformer");
      xform.options |= TJXOPT_TRIM;
      if (tjTransform(tjInstance, jpegBuf, jpegSize, 1, &dstBuf, &dstSize,
                      &xform, flags) < 0) {
        tjFree(dstBuf);
        THROW_TJ("transforming input image");
      }
      tjFree(jpegBuf);
      jpegBuf = dstBuf;
      jpegSize = dstSize;
    } else {
      if ((tjInstance = tjInitDecompress()) == NULL)
        THROW_TJ("initializing decompressor");
    }

    if (tjDecompressHeader3(tjInstance, jpegBuf, jpegSize, &width, &height,
                            &inSubsamp, &inColorspace) < 0)
      THROW_TJ("reading JPEG header");

    printf("%s Image:  %d x %d pixels, %s subsampling, %s colorspace\n",
           (doTransform ? "Transformed" : "Input"), width, height,
           subsampName[inSubsamp], colorspaceName[inColorspace]);

    if (!strcasecmp(outFormat, "jpg") && doTransform &&
        scalingFactor.num == 1 && scalingFactor.denom == 1 && outSubsamp < 0 &&
        outQual < 0) {
      /* Input image has been transformed, and no re-compression options
         have been selected.  Write the transformed image to disk and exit. */
      if ((jpegFile = fopen(argv[2], "wb")) == NULL)
        THROW_UNIX("opening output file");
      if (fwrite(jpegBuf, jpegSize, 1, jpegFile) < 1)
        THROW_UNIX("writing output file");
      fclose(jpegFile);  jpegFile = NULL;
      goto bailout;
    }

    /* Scaling and/or a non-JPEG output image format and/or compression options
       have been selected, so we need to decompress the input/transformed
       image. */
    width = TJSCALED(width, scalingFactor);
    height = TJSCALED(height, scalingFactor);
    if (outSubsamp < 0)
      outSubsamp = inSubsamp;

    pixelFormat = TJPF_BGRX;
    if ((unsigned long long)width * height * tjPixelSize[pixelFormat] >
        (unsigned long long)((size_t)-1))
      THROW("allocating uncompressed image buffer", "Image is too large");
    if ((imgBuf =
         (unsigned char *)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * width * height *
                                 tjPixelSize[pixelFormat])) == NULL)
      THROW_UNIX("allocating uncompressed image buffer");

    if (tjDecompress2(tjInstance, jpegBuf, jpegSize, imgBuf, width, 0, height,
                      pixelFormat, flags) < 0)
      THROW_TJ("decompressing JPEG image");
    tjFree(jpegBuf);  jpegBuf = NULL;
    tjDestroy(tjInstance);  tjInstance = NULL;
  } else {
    /* Input image is not a JPEG image.  Load it into memory. */
    if ((imgBuf = tjLoadImage(argv[1], &width, 1, &height, &pixelFormat,
                              0)) == NULL)
      THROW_TJ("loading input image");
    if (outSubsamp < 0) {
      if (pixelFormat == TJPF_GRAY)
        outSubsamp = TJSAMP_GRAY;
      else
        outSubsamp = TJSAMP_444;
    }
    printf("Input Image:  %d x %d pixels\n", width, height);
  }

  printf("Output Image (%s):  %d x %d pixels", outFormat, width, height);

  if (!strcasecmp(outFormat, "jpg")) {
    /* Output image format is JPEG.  Compress the uncompressed image. */
    unsigned long jpegSize = 0;

    jpegBuf = NULL;  /* Dynamically allocate the JPEG buffer */

    if (outQual < 0)
      outQual = DEFAULT_QUALITY;
    printf(", %s subsampling, quality = %d\n", subsampName[outSubsamp],
           outQual);

    if ((tjInstance = tjInitCompress()) == NULL)
      THROW_TJ("initializing compressor");
    if (tjCompress2(tjInstance, imgBuf, width, 0, height, pixelFormat,
                    &jpegBuf, &jpegSize, outSubsamp, outQual, flags) < 0)
      THROW_TJ("compressing image");
    tjDestroy(tjInstance);  tjInstance = NULL;

    /* Write the JPEG image to disk. */
    if ((jpegFile = fopen(argv[2], "wb")) == NULL)
      THROW_UNIX("opening output file");
    if (fwrite(jpegBuf, jpegSize, 1, jpegFile) < 1)
      THROW_UNIX("writing output file");
    tjDestroy(tjInstance);  tjInstance = NULL;
    fclose(jpegFile);  jpegFile = NULL;
    tjFree(jpegBuf);  jpegBuf = NULL;
  } else {
    /* Output image format is not JPEG.  Save the uncompressed image
       directly to disk. */
    printf("\n");
    if (tjSaveImage(argv[2], imgBuf, width, 0, height, pixelFormat, 0) < 0)
      THROW_TJ("saving output image");
  }

bailout:
  tjFree(imgBuf);
  if (tjInstance) tjDestroy(tjInstance);
  tjFree(jpegBuf);
  if (jpegFile) fclose(jpegFile);
  return retval;
}