Optimize CRC-32C extension by zeroes

Optimize multiply() (renamed to MultiplyWithExtraX33()) to eliminate
several instructions that were present only to avoid introducing an
extra factor of x^33 into the multiplication.  It's actually fine to
introduce the extra factor of x^33 as long as it's canceled out with an
extra factor of x^-33 in all the kCRC32CPowers[] entries.

To make this work, the number of bits dropped by ComputeZeroConstant()
had to be increased from 2 to at least 3, since 2^(i + 3 +
kNumDroppedBits) - 33 must be >= 0 for all i including i=0; otherwise
kCRC32CPowers[0] would need a negative power of x.  However, this is
fine since it's more efficient to utilize CRC32_u32() and CRC32_u64()
for bits 2 and 3 anyway.  So, increase kNumDroppedBits to 4.

Add a Python script that generates the updated kCRC32CPowers[].  It
isn't wired up to the build system, but rather is just added so that
kCRC32CPowers[] can be reproduced.

Also add a test which tests ExtendCrc32cByZeroes() with all the length
bits, thus testing all the entries of kCRC32CPowers[].

Note that the kCRC32CPowers[] generation script and new test case are
things we should have had anyway, regardless of the x^33 optimization.

This change slightly improves the performance of Extend() for lengths
greater than or equal to 2048 bytes, and also the performance of
ExtendByZeroes().  It also slightly reduces the binary code size.

Before:
    BM_Calculate/2048                   84.3 ns         84.3 ns      8307735
    BM_Calculate/10000                   376 ns          375 ns      1865976
    BM_Calculate/500000                18538 ns        18531 ns        37813
    BM_ExtendByZeroes/1                 3.55 ns         3.55 ns    197111095
    BM_ExtendByZeroes/10                3.90 ns         3.89 ns    179773877
    BM_ExtendByZeroes/100               6.06 ns         6.06 ns    115242160
    BM_ExtendByZeroes/1000              12.0 ns         12.0 ns     58078004
    BM_ExtendByZeroes/10000             9.97 ns         9.97 ns     70335772
    BM_ExtendByZeroes/100000            12.1 ns         12.1 ns     58157829
    BM_ExtendByZeroes/1000000           14.4 ns         14.4 ns     48527365

After:
    BM_Calculate/2048                   82.8 ns         82.7 ns      8478296
    BM_Calculate/10000                   375 ns          375 ns      1869663
    BM_Calculate/500000                18547 ns        18538 ns        37846
    BM_ExtendByZeroes/1                 2.96 ns         2.96 ns    236772500
    BM_ExtendByZeroes/10                3.85 ns         3.85 ns    182059238
    BM_ExtendByZeroes/100               5.42 ns         5.42 ns    129077546
    BM_ExtendByZeroes/1000              9.43 ns         9.42 ns     74232457
    BM_ExtendByZeroes/10000             8.14 ns         8.14 ns     86244218
    BM_ExtendByZeroes/100000            10.7 ns         10.7 ns     65467391
    BM_ExtendByZeroes/1000000           11.0 ns         11.0 ns     63575936
PiperOrigin-RevId: 786828855
Change-Id: I6208625fd1c35c2c137e756cf5fadc1adccfdd5d