diff --git a/source/val/validate_builtins.cpp b/source/val/validate_builtins.cpp
index 5b9eed6..1d85f88 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_builtins.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_builtins.cpp
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 
 // Validates correctness of built-in variables.
 
-#include "source/val/validate.h"
-
 #include <functional>
 #include <list>
 #include <map>
@@ -33,6 +31,7 @@
 #include "source/spirv_target_env.h"
 #include "source/util/bitutils.h"
 #include "source/val/instruction.h"
+#include "source/val/validate.h"
 #include "source/val/validation_state.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
@@ -2641,12 +2640,26 @@
         case SpvExecutionModelVertex:
         case SpvExecutionModelTessellationEvaluation: {
           if (!_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityShaderViewportIndexLayerEXT)) {
+            if (operand == SpvBuiltInViewportIndex &&
+                _.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityShaderViewportIndex))
+              break;  // Ok
+            if (operand == SpvBuiltInLayer &&
+                _.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityShaderLayer))
+              break;  // Ok
+
+            const char* capability = "ShaderViewportIndexLayerEXT";
+
+            if (operand == SpvBuiltInViewportIndex)
+              capability = "ShaderViewportIndexLayerEXT or ShaderViewportIndex";
+            if (operand == SpvBuiltInLayer)
+              capability = "ShaderViewportIndexLayerEXT or ShaderLayer";
+
             return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, &referenced_from_inst)
                    << "Using BuiltIn "
                    << _.grammar().lookupOperandName(SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_BUILT_IN,
                                                     operand)
-                   << " in Vertex or Tessellation execution model requires "
-                      "the ShaderViewportIndexLayerEXT capability.";
+                   << " in Vertex or Tessellation execution model requires the "
+                   << capability << " capability.";
           }
           break;
         }
diff --git a/test/val/val_builtins_test.cpp b/test/val/val_builtins_test.cpp
index 4248caa..6bfcca3 100644
--- a/test/val/val_builtins_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_builtins_test.cpp
@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@
         std::tuple<const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
                    const char*, const char*, const char*, TestResult>>;
 
+using ValidateGenericCombineBuiltInExecutionModelDataTypeCapabilityExtensionResult =
+    spvtest::ValidateBase<std::tuple<spv_target_env, const char*, const char*,
+                                     const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                                     const char*, const char*, TestResult>>;
+
 bool InitializerRequired(spv_target_env env, const char* const storage_class) {
   return spvIsWebGPUEnv(env) && (strncmp(storage_class, "Output", 6) == 0 ||
                                  strncmp(storage_class, "Private", 7) == 0 ||
@@ -258,6 +263,36 @@
   }
 }
 
+TEST_P(
+    ValidateGenericCombineBuiltInExecutionModelDataTypeCapabilityExtensionResult,
+    InMain) {
+  const spv_target_env env = std::get<0>(GetParam());
+  const char* const built_in = std::get<1>(GetParam());
+  const char* const execution_model = std::get<2>(GetParam());
+  const char* const storage_class = std::get<3>(GetParam());
+  const char* const data_type = std::get<4>(GetParam());
+  const char* const capabilities = std::get<5>(GetParam());
+  const char* const extensions = std::get<6>(GetParam());
+  const char* const vuid = std::get<7>(GetParam());
+  const TestResult& test_result = std::get<8>(GetParam());
+
+  CodeGenerator generator =
+      GetInMainCodeGenerator(env, built_in, execution_model, storage_class,
+                             capabilities, extensions, data_type);
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(generator.Build(), env);
+  ASSERT_EQ(test_result.validation_result, ValidateInstructions(env));
+  if (test_result.error_str) {
+    EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(), HasSubstr(test_result.error_str));
+  }
+  if (test_result.error_str2) {
+    EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(), HasSubstr(test_result.error_str2));
+  }
+  if (vuid) {
+    EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(), AnyVUID(vuid));
+  }
+}
+
 CodeGenerator GetInFunctionCodeGenerator(spv_target_env env,
                                          const char* const built_in,
                                          const char* const execution_model,
@@ -1207,14 +1242,21 @@
                        "Geometry, or Fragment execution models"))));
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
-    LayerAndViewportIndexExecutionModelEnabledByCapability,
+    ViewportIndexExecutionModelEnabledByCapability,
     ValidateVulkanCombineBuiltInExecutionModelDataTypeResult,
-    Combine(Values("Layer", "ViewportIndex"),
-            Values("Vertex", "TessellationEvaluation"), Values("Output"),
-            Values("%u32"), Values(nullptr),
+    Combine(Values("ViewportIndex"), Values("Vertex", "TessellationEvaluation"),
+            Values("Output"), Values("%u32"), Values(nullptr),
             Values(TestResult(
                 SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA,
-                "requires the ShaderViewportIndexLayerEXT capability"))));
+                "ShaderViewportIndexLayerEXT or ShaderViewportIndex"))));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    LayerExecutionModelEnabledByCapability,
+    ValidateVulkanCombineBuiltInExecutionModelDataTypeResult,
+    Combine(Values("Layer"), Values("Vertex", "TessellationEvaluation"),
+            Values("Output"), Values("%u32"), Values(nullptr),
+            Values(TestResult(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA,
+                              "ShaderViewportIndexLayerEXT or ShaderLayer"))));
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
     LayerAndViewportIndexFragmentNotInput,
@@ -1261,6 +1303,22 @@
                           "has bit width 64"))));
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    LayerCapability,
+    ValidateGenericCombineBuiltInExecutionModelDataTypeCapabilityExtensionResult,
+    Combine(Values(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2), Values("Layer"), Values("Vertex"),
+            Values("Output"), Values("%u32"),
+            Values("OpCapability ShaderLayer\n"), Values(nullptr),
+            Values(nullptr), Values(TestResult())));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    ViewportIndexCapability,
+    ValidateGenericCombineBuiltInExecutionModelDataTypeCapabilityExtensionResult,
+    Combine(Values(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2), Values("ViewportIndex"),
+            Values("Vertex"), Values("Output"), Values("%u32"),
+            Values("OpCapability ShaderViewportIndex\n"), Values(nullptr),
+            Values(nullptr), Values(TestResult())));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
     PatchVerticesSuccess,
     ValidateVulkanCombineBuiltInExecutionModelDataTypeResult,
     Combine(Values("PatchVertices"),