Name

    ARB_sync

Name Strings

    GL_ARB_sync

Contributors

    Barthold Lichtenbelt, NVIDIA
    Bill Licea-Kane, ATI
    Greg Roth, NVIDIA
    Jeff Bolz, NVIDIA
    Jeff Juliano, NVIDIA
    Jeremy Sandmel, Apple
    John Kessenich, Intel
    Jon Leech, Khronos
    Piers Daniell, NVIDIA

Contact

    Jon Leech (jon 'at' alumni.caltech.edu)

Notice

    Copyright (c) 2009-2013 The Khronos Group Inc. Copyright terms at
        http://www.khronos.org/registry/speccopyright.html

IP Status

    US patent #6025855 may bear on this extension (based on ARB
    discussion in March, 2003).

    The related NV_fence extension is marked "NVIDIA Proprietary".

Status

    Complete. Approved by the ARB on July 3, 2009.

Version

    September 18, 2009 (version 25)

Number

    ARB Extension #66

Dependencies

    OpenGL 3.1 is required.

    The functionality of ARB_sync was added to the OpenGL 3.2 core.

Overview

    This extension introduces the concept of "sync objects". Sync
    objects are a synchronization primitive - a representation of events
    whose completion status can be tested or waited upon. One specific
    type of sync object, the "fence sync object", is supported in this
    extension, and additional types can easily be added in the future.

    Fence sync objects have corresponding fences, which are inserted
    into the OpenGL command stream at the time the sync object is
    created. A sync object can be queried for a given condition. The
    only condition supported for fence sync objects is completion of the
    corresponding fence command. Fence completion allows applications to
    request a partial Finish, wherein all commands prior to the fence
    will be forced to complete before control is returned to the calling
    process.

    These new mechanisms allow for synchronization between the host CPU
    and the GPU, which may be accessing the same resources (typically
    memory), as well as between multiple GL contexts bound to multiple
    threads in the host CPU.

New Types

    (Implementer's Note: GLint64 and GLuint64 are defined as appropriate
    for an ISO C 99 compiler. Other language bindings, or non-ISO
    compilers, may need to use a different approach).

    #include <inttypes.h>
    typedef int64_t GLint64;
    typedef uint64_t GLuint64;
    typedef struct __GLsync *GLsync;

New Procedures and Functions

    sync FenceSync(enum condition,bitfield flags)
    boolean IsSync(sync sync)
    void DeleteSync(sync sync)

    enum ClientWaitSync(sync sync,bitfield flags,uint64 timeout)
    void WaitSync(sync sync,bitfield flags,uint64 timeout)

    void GetInteger64v(enum pname, int64 *params);
    void GetSynciv(sync sync,enum pname,sizei bufSize,sizei *length,
                   int *values)

New Tokens

    Accepted as the <pname> parameter of GetInteger64v:

        MAX_SERVER_WAIT_TIMEOUT         0x9111

    Accepted as the <pname> parameter of GetSynciv:

        OBJECT_TYPE                     0x9112
        SYNC_CONDITION                  0x9113
        SYNC_STATUS                     0x9114
        SYNC_FLAGS                      0x9115

    Returned in <values> for GetSynciv <pname> OBJECT_TYPE:

        SYNC_FENCE                      0x9116

    Returned in <values> for GetSynciv <pname> SYNC_CONDITION:

        SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE      0x9117

    Returned in <values> for GetSynciv <pname> SYNC_STATUS:

        UNSIGNALED                      0x9118
        SIGNALED                        0x9119

    Accepted in the <flags> parameter of ClientWaitSync:

        SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT         0x00000001

    Accepted in the <timeout> parameter of WaitSync:

        TIMEOUT_IGNORED                 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFull

    Returned by ClientWaitSync:

        ALREADY_SIGNALED                0x911A
        TIMEOUT_EXPIRED                 0x911B
        CONDITION_SATISFIED             0x911C
        WAIT_FAILED                     0x911D


Additions to Chapter 2 of the OpenGL 3.1 Specification (OpenGL Operation)

    Add to Table 2.2, GL data types:

   "GL Type Minimum     Description
            Bit Width
    ------- ---------   ----------------------------------------------
    int64   64          Signed 2's complement binary long integer
    uint64  64          Unsigned 2's complement binary long integer.
    sync    <ptrbits>   Sync object handle (see section 5.2)


Additions to Chapter 5 of the OpenGL 3.1 Specification (Special Functions)

    Insert a new section following "Flush and Finish" (Section 5.1)
    describing sync objects and fence operation. Renumber existing
    section 5.2 "Hints" and all following 5.* sections.

   "5.2 Sync Objects and Fences
    ---------------------------

    Sync objects act as a <synchronization primitive> - a representation
    of events whose completion status can be tested or waited upon. Sync
    objects may be used for synchronization with operations occurring in
    the GL state machine or in the graphics pipeline, and for
    synchronizing between multiple graphics contexts, among other
    purposes.

    Sync objects have a status value with two possible states:
    <signaled> and <unsignaled>. Events are associated with a sync
    object. When an sync object is created, its status is set to
    unsignaled. When the associated event occurs, the sync object is
    signaled (its status is set to signaled). Once a sync object has
    been created, the GL may be asked to wait for a sync object to
    become signaled.

    Initially, only one specific type of sync object is defined: the
    fence sync object, whose associated event is triggered by a fence
    command placed in the GL command stream. Fence sync objects are used
    to wait for partial completion of the GL command stream, as a more
    flexible form of Finish.

    The command

        sync FenceSync(enum condition,bitfield flags)

    creates a new fence sync object, inserts a fence command in the GL
    command stream and associates it with that sync object, and returns
    a non-zero name corresponding to the sync object.

    When the specified <condition> of the sync object is satisfied by
    the fence command, the sync object is signaled by the GL, causing
    any ClientWaitSync or WaitSync commands (see below) blocking on
    <sync> to <unblock>. No other state is affected by FenceSync or by
    execution of the associated fence command.

    <condition> must be SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE. This condition is
    satisfied by completion of the fence command corresponding to the
    sync object and all preceding commands in the same command stream.
    The sync object will not be signaled until all effects from these
    commands on GL client and server state and the framebuffer are fully
    realized. Note that completion of the fence command occurs once the
    state of the corresponding sync object has been changed, but
    commands waiting on that sync object may not be unblocked until
    after the fence command completes.

    <flags> must be 0[fn1].
       [fn1: <flags> is a placeholder for anticipated future extensions
        of fence sync object capabilities.]

    Each sync object contains a number of <properties> which determine
    the state of the object and the behavior of any commands associated
    with it. Each property has a <property name> and <property value>.
    The initial property values for a sync object created by FenceSync
    are shown in table 5.props:

        Property Name   Property Value
        -------------   --------------
        OBJECT_TYPE     SYNC_FENCE
        SYNC_CONDITION  <condition>
        SYNC_STATUS     UNSIGNALED
        SYNC_FLAGS      <flags>
        --------------------------------------
        Table 5.props: Initial properties of a
        sync object created with FenceSync().

    Properties of a sync object may be queried with GetSynciv (see
    section 6.1.16). The SYNC_STATUS property will be changed to
    SIGNALED when <condition> is satisfied.

    If FenceSync fails to create a sync object, zero will be returned
    and a GL error will be generated as described. An INVALID_ENUM error
    is generated if <condition> is not SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE. If
    <flags> is not zero, an INVALID_VALUE error is generated.

    A sync object can be deleted by passing its name to the command

        void DeleteSync(sync sync)

    If the fence command corresponding to the specified sync object has
    completed, or if no ClientWaitSync or WaitSync commands are blocking
    on <sync>, the object is deleted immediately. Otherwise, <sync> is
    flagged for deletion and will be deleted when it is no longer
    associated with any fence command and is no longer blocking any
    ClientWaitSync or WaitSync command. In either case, after returning
    from DeleteSync the <sync> name is invalid and can no longer be used
    to refer to the sync object.

    DeleteSync will silently ignore a <sync> value of zero. An
    INVALID_VALUE error is generated if <sync> is neither zero nor the
    name of a sync object.


    5.2.1 Waiting for Sync Objects
    ------------------------------

    The command

        enum ClientWaitSync(sync sync,bitfield flags,uint64 timeout)

    causes the GL to block, and will not return until the sync object
    <sync> is signaled, or until the specified <timeout> period expires.
    <timeout> is in units of nanoseconds. <timeout> is adjusted to the
    closest value allowed by the implementation-dependent timeout
    accuracy, which may be substantially longer than one nanosecond, and
    may be longer than the requested period.

    If <sync> is signaled at the time ClientWaitSync is called
    then ClientWaitSync returns immediately. If <sync> is unsignaled at
    the time ClientWaitSync is called then ClientWaitSync will block and
    will wait up to <timeout> nanoseconds for <sync> to become signaled.
    <flags> controls command flushing behavior, and may be
    SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT, as discussed in section 5.2.2.

    ClientWaitSync returns one of four status values. A return value of
    ALREADY_SIGNALED indicates that <sync> was signaled at the time
    ClientWaitSync was called. ALREADY_SIGNALED will always be returned
    if <sync> was signaled, even if the value of <timeout> is zero. A
    return value of TIMEOUT_EXPIRED indicates that the specified timeout
    period expired before <sync> was signaled. A return value of
    CONDITION_SATISFIED indicates that <sync> was signaled before the
    timeout expired. Finally, if an error occurs, in addition to
    generating a GL error as specified below, ClientWaitSync immediately
    returns WAIT_FAILED without blocking.

    If the value of <timeout> is zero, then ClientWaitSync does not
    block, but simply tests the current state of <sync>. TIMEOUT_EXPIRED
    will be returned in this case if <sync> is not signaled, even though
    no actual wait was performed.

    If <sync> is not the name of a sync object, an INVALID_VALUE error
    is generated. If <flags> contains any bits other than
    SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT, an INVALID_VALUE error is generated.

    The command

        void WaitSync(sync sync,bitfield flags,uint64 timeout)

    is similar to ClientWaitSync, but instead of blocking and not
    returning to the application until <sync> is signaled, WaitSync
    returns immediately, instead causing the GL server [fn1] to block
    until <sync> is signaled [fn2].
       [fn1 - the GL server may choose to wait either in the CPU
        executing server-side code, or in the GPU hardware if it
        supports this operation.]
       [fn2 - WaitSync allows applications to continue to queue commands
        from the client in anticipation of the sync being signaled,
        increasing client-server parallelism.

    <sync> has the same meaning as for ClientWaitSync.

    <timeout> must currently be the special value TIMEOUT_IGNORED, and
    is not used. Instead, WaitSync will always wait no longer than an
    implementation-dependent timeout. The duration of this timeout in
    nanoseconds may be queried by calling GetInteger64v with <value>
    MAX_SERVER_WAIT_TIMEOUT. There is currently no way to determine
    whether WaitSync unblocked because the timeout expired or because
    the sync object being waited on was signaled.

    <flags> must be 0.

    If an error occurs, WaitSync generates a GL error as specified
    below, and does not cause the GL server to block.

    If <sync> is not the name of a sync object, an INVALID_VALUE error
    is generated. If <timeout> is not TIMEOUT_IGNORED, or <flags> is not
    zero, an INVALID_VALUE error is generated.

    Multiple Waiters
    ----------------

    It is possible for both the GL client to be blocked on a sync object
    in a ClientWaitSync command, the GL server to be blocked as the
    result of a previous WaitSync command, and for additional WaitSync
    commands to be queued in the GL server, all for a single sync
    object. When such a sync object is signaled in this situation, the
    client will be unblocked, the server will be unblocked, and all such
    queued WaitSync commands will continue immediately when they are
    reached.

    See section D.2 for more information about blocking on a sync
    objects in multiple GL contexts.

    5.2.2 Signaling
    ---------------

    A sync object can be in the signaled state only once the
    corresponding fence command has completed and signaled the sync
    object.

    If the sync object being blocked upon will not be signaled in finite
    time (for example, by an associated fence command issued previously,
    but not yet flushed to the graphics pipeline), then ClientWaitSync
    may hang forever. To help prevent this behavior [fn4], if the
    SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT bit is set in <flags>, and <sync> is
    unsignaled when ClientWaitSync is called, then the equivalent of
    Flush will be performed before blocking on <sync>.
       [fn4 - The simple flushing behavior defined by
        SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT will not help when waiting for a fence
        command issued in another context's command stream to complete.
        Applications which block on a fence sync object must take
        additional steps to assure that the context from which the
        corresponding fence command was issued has flushed that command
        to the graphics pipeline.]

    If a sync object is marked for deletion while a client is blocking
    on that object in a ClientWaitSync command, or a GL server is
    blocking on that object as a result of a prior WaitSync command,
    deletion is deferred until the sync object is signaled and all
    blocked GL clients and servers are unblocked.

    Additional constraints on the use of sync objects are discussed in
    Appendix D.

    State must be maintained to indicate which sync object names are
    currently in use. The state require for each sync object in use is
    an integer for the specific type, an integer for the condition, an
    integer for the flags, and a bit indicating whether the object is
    signaled or unsignaled. The initial values of sync object state are
    defined as specified by FenceSync."

Additions to Chapter 6 of the OpenGL 3.1 Specification (State and State Requests)

    Add GetInteger64v to the first list of commands in section 6.1.1
    "Simple Queries", and change the next sentence to mention the query:

   "There are five commands for obtaining simple state variables:

       ...
       void GetInteger64v(enum value,int64 *data)
       ...

    The commands obtain boolean, integer, 64-bit integer,
    floating-point..."


    Modify the third sentence of section 6.1.2 "Data Conversions":

   "If any of the other simple queries are called, a boolean value of
    TRUE or FALSE is interpreted as 1 or 0, respectively. If GetIntegerv
    or GetInteger64v are called, a floating-point value is rounded to
    the nearest integer, unless the value is an RGBA color component..."


    Insert a new subsection following "Asynchronous Queries" (subsection
    6.1.6) describing sync object queries. Renumber existing subsection
    6.1.7 "Buffer Object Queries" and all following 6.1.* subsections.

   "6.1.7 Sync Object Queries

    Properties of sync objects may be queried using the command

        void GetSynciv(sync sync,enum pname,sizei bufSize,sizei *length,
                       int *values)

    The value or values being queried are returned in the parameters
    <length> and <values>.

    On success, GetSynciv replaces up to <bufSize> integers in <values>
    with the corresponding property values of the object being queried.
    The actual number of integers replaced is returned in *<length>. If
    <length> is NULL, no length is returned.

    If <pname> is OBJECT_TYPE, a single value representing the specific
    type of the sync object is placed in <values>. The only type
    supported is SYNC_FENCE.

    If <pname> is SYNC_STATUS, a single value representing the status of
    the sync object (SIGNALED or UNSIGNALED) is placed in <values>.

    If <pname> is SYNC_CONDITION, a single value representing the
    condition of the sync object is placed in <values>. The only
    condition supported is SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE.

    If <pname> is SYNC_FLAGS, a single value representing the flags with
    which the sync object was created is placed in <values>. No flags
    are currently supported.

    If <sync> is not the name of a sync object, an INVALID_VALUE error
    is generated. If <pname> is not one of the values described above,
    an INVALID_ENUM error is generated. If an error occurs,
    nothing will be written to <values> or <length>.

    The command

        boolean IsSync(sync sync)

    returns TRUE if <sync> is the name of a sync object. If <sync> is
    not the name of a sync object, or if an error condition occurs,
    IsSync returns FALSE (note that zero is not the name of a sync
    object).

    Sync object names immediately become invalid after calling
    DeleteSync, as discussed in sections 5.2 and D.2, but the underlying
    sync object will not be deleted until it is no longer associated
    with any fence command and no longer blocking any WaitSync command."


Additions to Appendix D (Shared Objects and Multiple Contexts)

    In the first paragraph of the appendix, add "sync objects" to the
    list of shared state.

    Replace the title and first sentence of section D.1 with:

   "D.1 Object Deletion Behavior (other than sync objects)
    ------------------------------------------------------

    After a shared object (other than sync objects, discussed in section
    D.2) is deleted..."


    Insert a new section following "Object Deletion Behavior" (section
    D.1) describing sync object multicontext behavior. Renumber existing
    section D.2 "Propagating State Changes..." and all following D.*
    sections.

   "D.2 Sync Objects and Multiple Contexts
    --------------------------------------

    D.2.1 Sync Object Deletion Behavior
    -----------------------------------

    Deleting sync objects is similar to other shared object types in
    that the name of the deleted object immediately becomes invalid but
    the underlying object will not be deleted until it is no longer in
    use. Unlike other shared object types, a sync object is determined
    to be in use if there is a corresponding fence command which has not
    yet completed (signaling the sync object), or if there are any GL
    clients and/or servers blocked on the sync object as a result of
    ClientWaitSync or WaitSync commands. Once any corresponding fence
    commands have completed, a sync object has been signaled, and all
    clients and/or servers blocked on that sync object have been
    unblocked, the object may then be deleted.

    D.2.2 Multiple Waiters in Multiple Contexts
    -------------------------------------------

    When multiple GL clients and/or servers are blocked on a single sync
    object and that sync object is signaled, all such blocks are
    released. The order in which blocks are released is
    implementation-dependent."


    Promote the fifth paragraph of section D.3 "Propagating State
    Changes" (following the itemized list of changes to an object) to a
    new subsection D.3.1. Renumber the existing subsection D.3.1
    "Definitions" and all following D.3.* subsections.

   "D.3.1 Determining Completion of Changes to an object
    ----------------------------------------------------

    The object T is considered to have been changed once a command such
    as described in section D.3 has completed. Completion of a
    command[fn5] may be determined either by calling Finish, or by
    calling FenceSync and executing a WaitSync command on the associated
    sync object. The second method does not require a round trip to the
    GL server and may be more efficient, particularly when changes to T
    in one context must be known to have completed before executing
    commands dependent on those changes in another context.
       [fn5: The GL already specifies that a single context processes
             commands in the order they are received. This means that a
             change to an object in a context at time <t> must be
             completed by the time a command issued in the same context
             at time <t+1> uses the result of that change.]"

    Change all references to "calling Finish" or "using Finish" in
    section D.3.3 "Rules" to refer to section D.3.1.

Additions to the GLX 1.4 Specification

    Insert a new section after section 2.5, "Texture Objects":

    "2.6 Sync Objects

    Sync objects are shared by rendering contexts in the same fashion as
    texture objects (see Appendix D, "Shared Objects and Multiple
    Contexts", of the OpenGL 3.1 Specification). If a sync object is
    blocked upon (glClientWaitSync or glWaitSync), signaled
    (glSignalSync), or has events associated with it (glFence) from more
    than one context, then it is up to the programmer to ensure that the
    correct order of operations results, and that race conditions and
    deadlocks are avoided.

    All modifications to shared context state as a changing the status
    of a sync object are atomic. Also, a sync object will not be deleted
    until there are no longer any outstanding fence commands or blocks
    associated with it."

    Replace the third paragraph of section 3.3.7, "Rendering Contexts":

    "If <share_list> is not NULL, then all shareable GL server state
    (excluding texture objects named 0) will be shared by <share_list>
    and the newly created rendering context. An arbitrary number of
    GLXContexts can share server state. The server context state for all
    sharing contexts must exist in a single address space or a BadMatch
    error is generated."

GLX Protocol

    <TBD>

Errors

    INVALID_VALUE is generated if the <sync> parameter of
    ClientWaitSync, SignalSync, WaitSync, or GetSynciv is not the name
    of a sync object.

    INVALID_VALUE is generated if the <sync> parameter of DeleteSync
    is neither zero nor the name of a sync object.

    INVALID_ENUM is generated if the <condition> parameter of FenceSync
    is not SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE.

    INVALID_VALUE is generated if the <flags> parameter of
    ClientWaitSync contains bits other than SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT, or
    if the <flags> parameter of WaitSync is nonzero.

    INVALID_ENUM is generated if the <mode> parameter of SignalSync is
    not SIGNALED.

    INVALID_ENUM is generated if the <pname> parameter of GetSynciv is
    neither OBJECT_TYPE, SYNC_CONDITION, SYNC_FLAGS, nor SYNC_STATUS.

New State

Table 6.X.  Sync Objects.

Get value           Type  Get command Initial value                 Description           Section
------------------  ----  ----------- ----------------------------  ---------------       -------
OBJECT_TYPE         Z_1   GetSynciv  SYNC_FENCE             Type of sync object    5.2
SYNC_STATUS         Z_2   GetSynciv  UNSIGNALED             Sync object status     5.2
SYNC_CONDITION      Z_1   GetSynciv  SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE    Sync object condition  5.2
SYNC_FLAGS          Z     GetSynciv  SYNC_FLAGS             Sync object flags      5.2

New Implementation Dependent State

Table 40. Implementation Dependent Values (cont.)

Get value           Type  Get command   Minimum value                 Description           Section
------------------  ----  ------------- ----------------------------  ---------------       -------
MAX_SERVER_WAIT_    Z^+   GetInteger64v 0                             Maximum WaitSync      5.2
    TIMEOUT                                                           timeout interval

Sample Code

    ... kick off a length GL operation
    /* Place a fence and associate a fence sync object */
    GLsync sync = glFenceSync(GLSYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE, 0);

    /* Elsewhere, wait for the sync to be signaled */

    /* To wait a specified amount of time (possibly clamped), do
     * this to convert a time in seconds into nanoseconds:
     */
    GLuint64 timeout = num_seconds * ((GLuint64)1000 * 1000 * 1000);
    glWaitSync(sync, 0, timeout);

    /* Or to determine the maximum possible wait interval and wait
     * that long, do this instead:
     */
    GLuint64 max_timeout;
    glGetInteger64v(GL_MAX_SERVER_WAIT_TIMEOUT, &max_timeout);
    glWaitSync(sync, 0, max_timeout);

Issues

    1) Are sync objects shareable between multiple contexts?

        RESOLVED: YES. The sync object namespace is shared, and sync
        objects themselves may be shared or not. Shared sync objects can
        be blocked upon or deleted from any context they're shared with.

        Enabling multi-context aware sync objects is a major change from
        earlier versions of the specification. We believe this is now OK
        because the rules defining sync object signaling behavior are
        clear enough to make us comfortable with restoring full
        multi-context awareness.

    2) What specializations of sync objects are supported?

        RESOLVED: Only fence sync objects (corresponding to synchronous
        command stream fences). Additionally, fence sync objects are
        constrained so that fence "stacking" is not allowed - the
        initial status of a fence sync is unsignaled, and it may only be
        signaled.

        We expect to define a way to map sync objects into OpenCL events
        to help performance of CL/GL sharing.

        EGL sync objects (from the EGL_KHR_sync extension) should be
        compatible with GL sync objects, although the sync object
        namespace may require remapping between APIs. Also, EGL sync
        objects do support fence stacking and unsignaling, possibly
        imposing greater complexity and risk of hanging when used with
        GL.

        The sync object framework is intended to generalize to other
        types of sync objects, such as mappings of OS-specific events
        and semaphores, new specializations of sync objects such as
        "pulsed" sync objects associated with video retrace, or other
        command stream conditions, such as sync objects which would be
        associated with completion of single or multiple asynchronous GL
        commands.

    3) What fence sync object conditions are supported?

        RESOLVED: The conditions SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE (equivalent
        to ALL_COMPLETED_NV in NV_fence), meaning that a fence command
        has completed in the GPU pipe.

        In the future, we could define two additional conditions:

        SYNC_SERVER_COMMANDS_COMPLETE would correspond to a command
        completing "in the server"; the exact definition of "server"
        would have to be nailed down, but generally meaning that the
        command has been issued to the GPU by the driver. The primary
        purpose of this condition would be to delay use of an object in
        one context until after it has been created in another context,
        so if it proves too difficult to define "server", the condition
        could be restricted to simply meaning that all object creation
        commands prior to the fence have realized their effect on server
        state.

        SYNC_CLIENT_COMMANDS_COMPLETE, would correspond to a command
        being issued from the client to the server (although this can
        effectively be done already, by explicitly signaling a sync
        object in the client).

    4) What state is associated with a sync object? Should state be
       validated at creation time, or when events are associated with a
       sync? This would express itself (for example) by passing a
       <condition> parameter to Fence(), rather than to Sync().

        RESOLVED: sync object state includes specialization (type),
        condition, flags, and status. Status is mutable data; condition
        and flags are immutable properties defined defined at creation
        time.

        In the future, additional state and data may be introduced, such
        as a timestamp when the sync object was last signaled, or a
        swapbuffer / media stream count (SBC/MSC, in digital media
        terminology), for a sync object triggered by display retrace.

    5) What is the purpose of the flags argument to FenceSync?

        RESOLVED: The flags argument is expected to be used by a vendor
        extension to create sync objects in a broader sharing domain
        than GLX/WGL share groups. In the future we may reintroduce the
        generic property list mechanism if a generic sync object
        creation call is defined for multiple types of sync objects, but
        for fence sync objects alone, the flags parameter is sufficient
        flexibility.

    6) Can sync objects and NV_fence fences share enumerants and/or the
       namespace of fences / sync objects?

        RESOLVED: NO. The sync object namespace cannot be the same as
        NV_fence since NV_fence does not put fence names on the share
        list, while sync objects and their names are shared. We will
        also not reuse enumerant values. The sync object interface is
        quite a bit different from NV_fence even though the underlying
        fence functionality is not.

    7) Should we allow these commands to be compiled within display
       lists?

        RESOLVED: WaitSync and SignalSync are display listable. They
        execute on the GL server or in the GL pipeline.

        RESOLVED: ClientWaitSync and FenceSync are not display listable.
        ClientWaitSync is defined to block the application, not the
        server. FenceSync must return a value to the application.

        (Note: this is not relevant to this draft of the extension,
        which is written against core OpenGL 3.1. However, an
        implementation supporting the ARB_compatibility extension should
        behave as described. We may wish to add this qualified language
        to the extension if it's to be shipped against such an
        implementation).

    8) What happens if you set a fence command for a sync object while a
       previous fence command is still in flight? Are fences
       "stackable"? (also see issue 21)

        RESOLVED: Fences are not stackable at present. A single fence
        command is associated with a fence sync object when it is
        created. In the future we might reintroduce the separate sync
        creation (Sync()) and fence-associated (Fence()) commands
        present in prior drafts, with all the complexity of stacking
        defined therein.

        As with OS synchronization primitives, applications are
        responsible for using sync objects and fences in ways that avoid
        race conditions and hangs. Removing stackable fences may help
        reduce the possibility of such errors.

        We are still considering potential performance issues and
        semantic difficulties of namespace sharing (e.g. when does a
        name returned by FenceSync become valid in other contexts of the
        share group) associated with this model.

    9) What happens to *WaitSyncs blocking on a sync object, and to an
       associated fence command still pending execution, when the sync
       object is deleted?

        RESOLVED: Following the OpenGL 3.0 shared object model, the sync
        object name is immediately deleted, but the underlying sync
        object is not deleted until all such outstanding references on
        it are removed.

        NOTE: This specifies behavior left intentionally unspecified by
        earlier versions of this extension.

    10) Is it possible to have multiple *WaitSyncs blocking on a single
        sync object?

        RESOLVED: YES, since we support multi-context aware sync
        objects. *WaitSync might be issued from multiple contexts on the
        same sync object. Additionally, multiple WaitSync commands may
        be queued on a single GL server (although only one of them can
        actually be blocking at any given time).

    11) Can we determine completion time of a sync object?

        RESOLVED: NO.

        In the future, we may support variants of sync objects that
        record their completion time in queriable object data.

    12) Can we block on multiple sync objects?

        RESOLVED: NO.

        In the future, *WaitSyncs calls taking a list of sync object
        names, a logical condition (any/all complete), and optionally
        returning an index/name of a sync object triggering the
        condition, like the GL2_async_object API, could be added.

    13) Why don't the entry points/enums have ARB appended?

        This functionality is going directly into the OpenGL 3.2 core
        and also being defined as an extension for older platforms at
        the same time, so it does not use ARB suffixes, like other such
        new features going directly into the GL core.

    14) Where can sync objects be waited on?

        RESOLVED: In the client on the CPU, or in the GL server, either
        in the CPU or GPU.

        Rather than specifying where to wait in the server, the
        implementation is allowed to choose.

    15) Can the specialization of sync objects be changed, once created?

        RESOLVED: NO.

        This seems likely to cause errors and has little obvious use -
        making sync objects persistent (being able to reset their status
        and associate them with a new fence) should suffice to avoid
        excessive creation/deletion of objects.

    16) How can sync objects be used to facilitate asynchronous
        operations, particularly large data transfer operations?

        DISCUSSION: There are several methods. A more readily
        supportable one uses multiple GL contexts and threads, with work
        performed in one thread associated with a sync. Another thread
        finishes, tests for completion, or waits on that sync, depending
        on the exact semantic needed.

        This method is implementable, but has the disadvantage of requiring
        multiple contexts, drawing surfaces, and CPU threads. It also
        requires some additional, possibly non-GL synchronization
        between the threads (so that the work thread knows when the sync
        created in the loader thread is valid - otherwise it can't be
        tested without raising an error!)

        It seems analogous to pbuffers in terms of overhead. That
        suggests lighter-weight mechanisms may be preferable, in the
        same fashion that framebuffer objects have become preferable to
        pbuffers.

        A more future-looking mechanism is to support multiple command
        streams within a single context. Then the expensive asynchronous
        operations can be kicked off without additional CPU threads,
        rendering surfaces, or contexts.

        This concept has not been implemented in GL yet, although the
        original 3Dlabs white paper outlines an approach to it. The
        desire for consistency / reproducibility means that retrofitting
        multiple command streams onto the current API, defining when and
        how resources changed in one stream affect another stream, may
        require a great deal of spec work. Furthermore, most hardware
        does not actually support multiple command streams, at least in
        full generality.

        If we do support multiple command streams, then at least at
        first, there will probably be severe restrictions on what
        commands could go in additional streams beyond the "main" or
        "default" stream.

        In either case, we will probably need to either define new
        commands that are allowed to operate asynchronously (e.g.
        TexImageAsync) with respect to surrounding commands, or to
        overload existing commands to operate asynchronously when
        some global state is set, like the old SGI_async extension.

        Note that buffer objects allow the GL to implement data transfer
        into, or out of, the buffer object to occur asynchronously.
        However, once the transfer is completed, that data is in a buffer
        object and not stored in memory that is under application control.

        In defining these commands, we will probably need some way to
        associate a sync object with them at the time they're issued,
        not just place a fence following the async command. One reason
        for this is wanting to know when the application data passed
        into an asynchronous command has been consumed and can safely be
        modified by the app.

    17) Can the query object framework be used to support sync objects?

        RESOLVED: NO.

        It is straightforward to map the sync object API onto queries,
        with the addition of a small number of entry points. However,
        the query object namespace is defined not to be shared. This
        makes it impossible to implement shared sync objects in the
        query namespace without the possibility of breaking existing
        code that uses the same query name in multiple contexts.

        It is also possible to map occlusion queries into the sync
        object API, again with the addition of a small number of entry
        points. We might choose to do this in the future.

    18) Do *WaitSync wait on an event, or on sync object status? What is
        the meaning of sync object status?

        RESOLVED: *WaitSync blocks until the status of the sync object
        transitions to the signaled state. Sync object status is either
        signaled or unsignaled. More detailed rules describing
        signaling follow (these may need to be imbedded into the actual
        spec language):

        (Note: much of the following discussion is not relevant for the
        constrained fence sync objects currently defined by this
        extension, as such objects start in the unsignaled state and may
        only transition to the signaled state, not the other way).

        R1) A sync object has two possible status values: signaled or
            unsignaled (corresponding to SYNC_STATUS values of SIGNALED
            or UNSIGNALED, respectively).

        R2) When created, the state of the sync object is signaled by
            default, but may be explicitly set to unsignaled.

        R3) A fence command is inserted into a command stream. A sync
            object is not.

        R4) When a fence command is inserted into a command stream using
            Fence(), the status of the sync object associated with that
            fence command is set to the unsignaled state.

        R5) Multiple fence commands can be associated with the same sync
            object.

        R6) A fence command, once its condition has been met, will set
            its associated sync object to the signaled state. The only
            condition currently supported is SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE.

        R7) A wait function, such as ClientWaitSync or WaitSync, waits
            on a sync object, not on a fence.

        R8) A wait function called on a sync object in the unsignaled
            state will block. It unblocks (note, not "returns to the
            application") when the sync object transitions to the
            signaled state.

        Some of the behaviors resulting from these rules are:

        B1) Calling ClientWaitSync with a timeout of 0 will return TRUE
            if the sync object is in the signaled state. Note that
            calling ClientWaitSync with a timeout of 0 in a loop can
            miss state transitions.
        B2) Stacking fences is allowed. Each fence, once its condition
            has been met, will set its associated sync object to the
            signaled state. If the sync object is already in the
            signaled state, it stays in that state.
        B3) ClientWaitSync could take a timeout parameter and return a
            boolean. If the timeout period has expired, ClientWaitSync
            will unblock and return FALSE to the caller. If
            ClientWaitSync unblocks because the sync object it was
            waiting on is in the signaled state, it will return TRUE.
        B4) We could define a FinishMultipleSync() command that will
            unblock once all (or any) of the sync objects passed to it
            are in the signaled state (also see issue 12).
        B5) We could define a set/resetSyncObject function to manually
            set the sync object in the signaled or unsignaled state.
            This makes it easy for apps to reuse a sync object in the
            multi-context case, so the sync object can be blocked upon
            before a fence command is associated with it in the command
            stream.
        B6) We could define an API to convert a sync object into an OS
            specific synchronization primitive (Events on Windows, file
            descriptors or X-events or semaphores on Unix?)

    19) Which of the behaviors defined in issue 18 should be added?

        RESOLVED: Add B1, B2, and B3 (timeout functionality).

        We considered several possibilities including passing a <unit
        duration,count> tuple, and adding a TIMEOUT_BIT to the flags to
        representing "forever". The end result of discussion was to
        introduce a new GL datatype, GLuint64. GLuint64 is a 64-bit
        unsigned integer representing intervals in nanoseconds - the
        same encoding as the Unadjusted System Time (UST) counter used
        in OpenML and OpenKODE. All future uses of time in the GL should
        use the GLuint64 datatype.

        At present, the timeout duration passed to *WaitSync represents
        a time relative to when the driver actually begins waiting. A
        future extension could easily allow waiting until a specific UST
        by adding a bit to the flags specifying that timeout is
        absolute, not relative.

        RESOLVED: Do not add B4 yet (easy to put in a future extension).

        RESOLVED: Add B5 with a new glSignalSync call taking modes of
        SIGNALED or UNSIGNALED. Might add a PULSED mode in the future,
        but that's a bit weird - what if the sync object is already
        signaled?

        RESOLVED: Add B6 via a WGL extension supporting only
        wglConvertSyncToEvent (no wglConvertEventToSync). Figure out the
        corresponding Unix/X functionality and define that as well -
        should it use pthreads? xsync objects? System V IPC semaphores?
        etc.

    20) How can multi-context aware sync objects be used to synchronize
        two contexts?

        NOTE: This example needs to be rewritten to accomodate changes
        to the API and asynchronous object creation. In particular,
        context B must wait for the shared sync object to be
        successfully created before waiting on it, which requires either
        platform-specific (non-OpenGL) code, or client-side cleverness
        suggested by Bill Licea-Kane. There should also be an example
        showing specifically how to use sync objects and server waiting
        to coordinate waiting on creation of another object.

        Example of context B waiting on context A:

        A:  // Create a sync object in the unsignaled state
            int props[] = {
                OBJECT_SHARED, TRUE,
                SYNC_STATUS, UNSIGNALED };

            syncObjectA = Sync(SYNC_FENCE, 2, props);
        B:  // Block, since syncObjectA is in the unsignaled state
            ClientWaitSync(syncObjectA);
        A:  // Perform rendering that B should wait on
            render();
            // Insert a fence into the command stream. syncObjectA
            // remains in the unsignaled state until completion
            Fence(syncObjectA);
            // To prevent deadlock, A must make forward progress
            Flush();
        B:  // Once the fence command issued above completes, the
            // ClientWaitSync issued above will unblock and allow B
            // to continue.

    21) What is the stacking behavior of fence commands?

        RESOLVED: Stacking is not allowed.

    22) What should the blocking API be called?

        RESOLVED: ClientWaitSync for blocking on the client side.
        WaitSync for blocking on the GL server (CPU or GPU).

        Previously we used FinishSync by analogy with NV_fence's
        'glFinishFence'. However, the call may return before an event
        has actually signaled a sync, due to timeout. Also, other sync
        object specializations do not necessarily have anything to do
        with command streams (timers, retrace events, OS events, etc.)
        So 'Finish' is the wrong name.

    23) How are sync objects implemented in terms of generic object
        interfaces?

        RESOLVED: An object property name which could be generic is
        introduced here (OBJECT_TYPE), but no generic object
        manipulation commands are defined.

    24) Do we need a default sync object that is always present?
        (Notionally the "sync object named zero")?

        RESOLVED: NO. Fence sync objects cannot provide this
        functionality. Multiple contexts just have to be clever about
        use of (potentially client-created) sync object names.

        DISCUSSION: The use case for a default sync object is in
        coordinating object creation across contexts (see the
        out-of-date example in issue 20 as well). Suppose we want to
        know in context B when context A has successfully created an
        object, so we can start using it. It's possible to do this by
        inserting a fence command after object creation in A and waiting
        on sync completion in B. But to do this, first we must have a
        sync object that is known to exist in both A and B, creating a
        circular dependency!

        There are several possible approaches.

        1) Create a sync object in context A before forking another
        thread that would create context B and use it. This wouldn't
        help in the indirect rendering / separate process model case.

        2) Punt to platform-specific code: create a sync object in A,
        verify it was successfully created in A, then use
        platform-specific IPC to let other threads / processes know the
        sync is ready for use to coordinate object creation. This is
        highly inelegant.

        3) Mandate that all contexts in a share group have a single,
        shared sync object defined, which is present from context
        creation time. When requesting this default object, the driver
        will either create it, if it doesn't already exist, or return a
        handle to the existing default object, if it does. The key point
        is that the handle can be obtained in two different contexts
        without either one needing to do non-portable or non-GL
        operations before knowing the handle is valid.

        4) Clever client in context B. Bill has commented on this and
        people seem to agree this is doable and won't cause any coding
        issues, so we're assuming it's correct.

    25) Do we need the ability to WaitSync in the GPU, as well
        as in the server?

        RESOLVED: The implementation is allowed to choose.

    26) How will sync objects be linked to OpenCL events?

        NOTE: This is an issue for a future extension defining a new
        type of sync object. A suggestion for that extension is
        circulating on the OpenCL mailing list. This will likely be done
        as a new command taking a CL event handle and returning a GL
        sync object behaving like a fence sync, but with a different
        object type, and triggered by the CL event rather than a fence.

    27) What is the relationship between EGL and OpenGL sync objects?

        The goal is that an EGL-based implementation could support both
        APIs to a single underlying sync object implementation. It is
        unlikely that the namespaces of EGL and GL sync objects could be
        shared, however.

    28) What is the deletion behavior of sync objects?

        RESOLVED: DeleteSync immediately releases the name, but
        "bindings" of the underlying object, e.g. outstanding fences or
        blocking commands, will keep its underlying storage around until
        all such commands complete and unblock all such waiters. This is
        consistent with the OpenGL 3.0 shared object appendix, except
        references are formed by commands and blocks, rather than by the
        attachment hierarchy.

    29) Should there be an implementation-dependent maximum timeout
        interval?

        RESOLVED: Not for client waits, which may block "forever", but a
        MAX_SERVER_WAIT_TIMEOUT implementation-dependent value exists,
        together with a new GetInteger64v query (see issue 30).

        In the Windsor F2F, we agreed to remove the value FOREVER.
        Because any timeout can be clamped, FOREVER didn't really mean
        "forever", so it was misleading (and inconsistent with the
        special treatment of FOREVER in the EGL_KHR_sync spec) to have
        it. Instead we have a sample code section which shows how to
        wait a long time.

    30) What is the type of the timeout interval?

        RESOLVED: GLuint64. We previously typedefed uint64_t (or
        equivalent) as 'GLtime', but now that max timeout intervals are
        queriable, a query function is required. A generic query for
        64-bit integer data is more useful than a GLtime-specific query.
        Consequently the type of <timeout> has been changed to
        'GLuint64' and a corresponding 'GetInteger64v' query taking
        'GLint64' added (by symmetry with GetInteger, where unsigned
        quantities are queries with a function taking a pointer to a
        signed integer - the pointer conversion is harmless).

        The existing GLintptr argument is not guaranteed to be at least
        64 bits long, so is not appropriate here.

        NOTE: We might choose a type tag for GLuint64 state other than
        the existing 'Z^+'. It is indeed a non-negative integer but the
        difference in size might be worth noting in the state tables.

    31) Potential naming issues

        Are SYNC_CONDITION and SYNC_STATUS too confusingly similar? We
        could refine these to SYNC_FENCE_CONDITION and
        SYNC_SIGNAL_STATUS at some wordiness cost, although the existing
        names match the EGL sync object extension and consistency may be
        a virtue. There's also a question of whether future types of
        sync objects would have a use for conditions having nothing to
        do with fences, e.g. a display sync might have conditions
        corresponding to different points in the draw / retrace interval
        cycle, which argues in favor of the existing name.

        There's still time to change names prior to approval of EGL and
        GL sync objects, if anyone wants to make suggestions.

    32) Do we need an explicit signaling API (SignalSync)?

        RESOLVED: NO, not for fence sync objects. In the future other
        types of sync objects may choose to reintroduce this API.

    33) What is the datatype of a sync object handle?

        RESOLVED: GLsync, which is defined as an anonymous struct
        pointer in the C binding. This eases implementability on 64 bit
        environments by allowing server pointer representations to be
        used.

Revision History

    Version 1, 2006/02/08 - First writeup as spec language, based on
    NV_fence.

    Version 2, 2006/02/10 - WaitSync can only wait on fence syncs. Sync
    types are immutable once created - FenceSync can be called on an
    existing sync of type fence to rebind it to a new fence command, but
    it cannot be called on a non-fence sync. Expanded list of errors.
    Numbered issues list and added issues 13-16. Noted future "multiple
    command stream" concept in issue 16.

    Version 3, 2006/02/14 - Change FenceSync behavior to leave the sync
    state undefined if a previously issued fence command is still
    in-flight when a fence sync is reset. Add a flags parameter to
    FinishSync which can be used to produce flushing behavior like
    NV_fence in the single-context use case, and note that in the
    multiple-context case, applications must do more synchronization
    work between threads themselves to ensure that a fence command
    issues in one context will reach the hardware before blocking
    another context.

    Version 4, 2006/02/22 - change sharing behavior so the sync
    namespace is shared, but sync objects can only be used from the
    context they were created in. Add subsection 2.2.1 and new Appendix
    C describing types of shared objects and how sharing affects sync
    commands (also as a placeholder for a future, more general
    discussion of shared object semantics). Remove WaitSync, since
    that's useful when syncs are shared. Add issue 18 discussing the
    distinction between waiting on events vs. waiting on changes in sync
    status, and issue 19 discussing stacking of fence commands. Split
    FenceSync into two parts to create the sync vs. issue the fence
    command.

    Version 5, 2006/02/24 - Add a bit to FenceSync to control the
    initial status value of the sync. Note that TestSync is polling the
    status value, not the condition which causes that status value to
    change. Make FinishSync return immediately if the status of the sync
    being waited on is true at the time it's called, and otherwise wait
    for the event underlying the status to occur; change issue 18
    accordingly.

    Version 6, 2006/02/24 - Added Contributors list. Marked explicitly
    RESOLVED all issues that have been closed, including issues 2, 3, 6
    (partly unresolved), 7, 8 (merged with 19), 9, 10, 15, 17, and 18.
    Allow stacking behavior for Fence and define FinishSync to wait on
    the most recently issued fence command at the time FinishSync was
    called. Note that DeleteSyncs() may be called while fence commands
    are outstanding for a sync (issue 9).

    Version 7, 2006/03/07 - Modify DeleteSyncs behavior to allow
    deleting syncs from contexts other than the creator, to avoid
    orphaned & undeleteable syncs.

    Version 8, 2006/03/09 - A terminology change from "sync types" to
    "sync specializations" affects wording of several issues. Full
    multi-context awareness has been restored, with the aid of a compact
    set of rules defining sync signaling behavior (see issue 18). This
    significantly changes the resolution and discussion of issues 1, 8
    (FinishSync blocks on the first outstanding fence command to
    complete, not the most recently issued one), 9 (sync destruction is
    delayed until all outstanding fence commands complete), 10, and 18
    (describe the rules), and in the corresponding spec language. Added
    issues 19-21 discussing additional ways to control sync signaling,
    and providing several examples of multi-context sync usage. Enum
    values will not be shared with NV_fence.

    Version 9, 2006/03/13 - Inserting multiple outstanding fence
    commands on a sync from different contexts may not be supported.
    Delaying sync destruction until there are no outstanding commands
    may be too expensive to support. Note resolution of new features
    (support timeouts, form TBD; support SignalSync; support conversion
    of syncs to OS events, at least for WGL). Add SignalSync spec
    language.

    Version 10, 2006/03/20 - major rewrite to replace fence-specific
    discussion in FinishSync with Barthold's more powerful and generic
    "signaled"/"unsignaled" terminology (also changed name of
    SYNC_UNTRIGGERED_STATUS_BIT to SYNC_UNSIGNALED_BIT). Added a timeout
    parameter to FinishSync and removed the now-redundant TestSync.
    Introduced the notion of UST time and the GLtime datatype to
    represent it. FinishSync now returns a condition code explaining why
    it completed. Corrected "GetFenceuiv" to "GetSyncuiv" in several
    places. Changed value of SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT to be exclusive
    with SYNC_UNSIGNALED_BIT, even though they are passed to separate
    <flag> arguments, since we don't know their future uses.

    Version 11, 2006/03/23 - noted potential IP concern (first mentioned
    WRT GL2_async_core at the March 2003 ARB meeting). Updated
    description of sync deletion for consistency with the description of
    texture object deletion in the GLX 1.4 specification. Noted in issue
    8 and Appendix C that inserting fence commands on the same sync from
    multiple threads is allowed. New issue 22 for better naming of
    FinishSync. Noted that accuracy of GLtime is system-dependent. Fixed
    several typos and added a missing error condition for FinishSync.

    Version 12, 2006/03/31 - Changed FinishSync to ClientWaitSync. Note
    that ClientWaitSync behavior is explicitly undefined (and note
    several of the possible consequences) when a sync object being
    blocked upon is deleted. Used shorthand "signaled" and "unsignaled"
    in many places rather than the wordier "placed into the signaled
    state". Changed sync status to SIGNALED/UNSIGNALED rather than
    TRUE/FALSE, and rewrote SignalSync language accordingly. Updated
    Appendix C description of multicontext behavior to explicitly
    describe full multi-context awareness. Use "sync object"
    consistently throughout and drop the "sync" shorthand. Use
    "unsignaled" everywhere, instead of "non-signaled". Clean up Errors
    section, but don't remove errors just because they're inferred from
    the core spec - many other extensions also try to be comprehensive
    in listing errors.

    Version 13, 2006/04/03 - Add overview paragraph to start of section
    5.6. Replace "poll" terminology with "test". Disambiguate status
    value returned from ClientWaitSync when the sync was signaled at
    call time, but timeout was zero. Clarify that fence commands are not
    events, but their execution triggers events.

    Version 14, 2008/06/08 - Merge changes from the Longs Peak object
    model version of sync objects back into the GL2 API version for use
    in OpenGL 3.0. Introduce generic object interfaces using GL2 names
    and explicit attribute lists instead of attribute objects and use
    those as the base of sync object manipulation. Move the object
    shared flag, condition, and status into the attribute list. Replace
    FenceSync creation flags with Sync using an explicit object
    type parameter together with an attribute list mechanism. Add
    WaitSync and rename SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE to allow for possible
    future definition of server and client completion conditions as
    discussed in issue 3. Add issues 23 and 24 discussing generic object
    interfaces and the potential utility of a default sync object.

    Version 15, 2009/04/23 - Merge changes from (abandoned) draft GL 3.0
    language back into this extension for consideration as a GL 3.2 /
    ARB extension feature. Minor API and terminology changes, including
    generating sync names at creation time instead of using Gen*
    functions changing DeleteSyncs to DeleteSync, and using
    sync-specific GetSynciv instead of GetObjectiv. Specify that
    multiple waiters on a sync object are all released when it's
    signaled. Added new issues 25-28 and moved the Issues list to the
    bottom of the document.

    Version 16, 2009/05/03 - Change Fence -> FenceSync and merge sync
    creation into the command, removing Sync (until other sync types are
    supported), and also removing the ability to stack fences on a
    single fence sync object. Remove <where> parameter from WaitSync and
    allow it to wait in either the server or GPU. Make syncs always
    shared and remove OBJECT_SHARED property. Add issue 29 on whether
    implementation-dependent max timeout intervals should be defined.

    Version 17, 2009/05/06 - Replace GLtime with GLuint64. Add
    implementation-dependent maximum timeout interval state in table 40.
    Modify *WaitSync to clamp requested timeout to the appropriate
    maximum interval. Add GetInteger64v query for these values and issue
    30 about the type signature of the query. Add clarification in
    FenceSync of what it means for a fence command to complete. Add
    issue 31 about possibly confusing token naming. Additional minor
    typos and wording changes from Greg.

    Version 18, 2009/05/08 - Generate INVALID_VALUE instead of
    INVALID_OPERATION when passing <sync> parameters that are not the
    names of sync objects. Remove leftover language saying that a bit of
    state is needed to specify if the sync is shared or not. Add
    clarification that requested <timeout> intervals are adjusted to the
    closest value supported by the implementation, and a footnote that
    FOREVER is just shorthand for the longest representable timeout.
    Change parameter names and error handling for GetSynciv to be
    consistent with other variable-length queries such as
    GetActiveAttrib.

    Version 19, 2009/05/14 - Remove FOREVER and add sample code showing
    how to wait in the server for a specified time, or for the
    implementation-dependent maximum possible time. Resolve issue 24 by
    saying we don't need a "default sync object".

    Version 20, 2009/05/15 - Re-tag all issues still marked as
    unresolved - none of them affect sync functionality, they are more
    speculative for future uses of syncs, or details of spec writing.

    Version 21, 2009/07/01 - "Sync" up with 3.2 core spec draft:
      * Use GLsync instead of GLuint for sync object handle type in all
        relevant commands,
      * Change type of FenceSync <condition> to GLenum.
      * Add <flags> argument to FenceSync and corresponding SYNC_FLAGS
        property.
      * Remove MAX_CLIENT_WAIT_TIMEOUT.
      * Clarify that the actual client wait time may be longer than the
        requested <timeout> and that TIMEOUT_EXPIRED may be
        returned even when ClientWaitSync is called with a
        <timeout> of zero.
      * Require the <timeout> parameter to WaitSync to be a no-op value.
      * Remove SignalSync, until a sync object type other than a fence
        sync is defined.
      * Change type of <flags> parameter to
        ClientWaitSync and WaitSync to GLbitfield.
      * Fix spelling of SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT
      * Add issues 31-33 describing some of the changes.

    Version 22, 2009/07/01 - Add TIMEOUT_IGNORED and WAIT_FAILED to New
    Tokens list.

    Version 23, 2009/07/20 (Apollo 11 commemorative edition) - Assign
    enum values.

    Version 24, 2009/07/24 - Rename stray GetSyncuiv functions to
    GetSynciv.

    Version 25, 2009/09/18 - Correct spelling of SYNC_FLUSH_COMMAND_BIT
    to SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT in several places.