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Name
ARB_framebuffer_sRGB
Name Strings
GL_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB
GLX_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB
WGL_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB
Contributors
Herb (Charles) Kuta, Quantum3D
Alain Bouchard, Matrox
Brian Paul, Tungsten Graphics
Daniel Vogel, Epic Games
Eric Werness, NVIDIA
Kiril Vidimce, Pixar
Mark J. Kilgard, NVIDIA
Pat Brown, NVIDIA
Yanjun Zhang, S3 Graphics
Jeremy Sandmel, Apple
Jon Leech
Contact
Mark J. Kilgard, NVIDIA Corporation (mjk 'at' nvidia.com)
Notice
Copyright (c) 2008-2013 The Khronos Group Inc. Copyright terms at
http://www.khronos.org/registry/speccopyright.html
Specification Update Policy
Khronos-approved extension specifications are updated in response to
issues and bugs prioritized by the Khronos OpenGL Working Group. For
extensions which have been promoted to a core Specification, fixes will
first appear in the latest version of that core Specification, and will
eventually be backported to the extension document. This policy is
described in more detail at
https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/docs/update_policy.php
Status
Approved by the ARB on July 11, 2008
Version
Date: August 11, 2008
Revision: 1.2
Number
ARB Extension #46
Dependencies
OpenGL 1.1 is required
This extension is written against the OpenGL 2.0 (September 7,
2004) specification.
WGL_EXT_extensions_string is required for WGL support.
WGL_EXT_pixel_format is required for WGL support.
ARB_color_buffer_float interacts with this extension.
ARB_framebuffer_object is required.
EXT_texture_sRGB interacts with this extension.
ARB_draw_buffers interacts with this extension.
Overview
Conventionally, OpenGL assumes framebuffer color components are stored
in a linear color space. In particular, framebuffer blending is a
linear operation.
The sRGB color space is based on typical (non-linear) monitor
characteristics expected in a dimly lit office. It has been
standardized by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
as IEC 61966-2-1. The sRGB color space roughly corresponds to 2.2
gamma correction.
This extension adds a framebuffer capability for sRGB framebuffer
update and blending. When blending is disabled but the new sRGB
updated mode is enabled (assume the framebuffer supports the
capability), high-precision linear color component values for red,
green, and blue generated by fragment coloring are encoded for sRGB
prior to being written into the framebuffer. When blending is enabled
along with the new sRGB update mode, red, green, and blue framebuffer
color components are treated as sRGB values that are converted to
linear color values, blended with the high-precision color values
generated by fragment coloring, and then the blend result is encoded
for sRGB just prior to being written into the framebuffer.
The primary motivation for this extension is that it allows OpenGL
applications to render into a framebuffer that is scanned to a monitor
configured to assume framebuffer color values are sRGB encoded.
This assumption is roughly true of most PC monitors with default
gamma correction. This allows applications to achieve faithful
color reproduction for OpenGL rendering without adjusting the
monitor's gamma correction.
New Procedures and Functions
None
New Tokens
Accepted by the <attribList> parameter of glXChooseVisual, and by
the <attrib> parameter of glXGetConfig:
GLX_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB_CAPABLE_ARB 0x20B2
Accepted by the <piAttributes> parameter of
wglGetPixelFormatAttribivEXT, wglGetPixelFormatAttribfvEXT, and
the <piAttribIList> and <pfAttribIList> of wglChoosePixelFormatEXT:
WGL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB_CAPABLE_ARB 0x20A9
Accepted by the <cap> parameter of Enable, Disable, and IsEnabled,
and by the <pname> parameter of GetBooleanv, GetIntegerv, GetFloatv,
and GetDoublev:
FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB 0x8DB9
Additions to Chapter 2 of the 2.0 Specification (OpenGL Operation)
None
Additions to Chapter 3 of the 2.0 Specification (Rasterization)
None
Additions to Chapter 4 of the 2.0 Specification (Per-Fragment Operations
and the Frame Buffer)
DELETE the following sentence from section 4.1.8 (Blending) because
it is moved to the new "sRGB Conversion" section:
"Each of these floating-point values is clamped to [0,1] and
converted back to a fixed-point value in the manner described in
section 2.14.9."
If ARB_color_buffer_float is supported, the following paragraph
is modified to eliminate the fixed-point clamping and conversion
because this behavior is moved to the new "sRGB Conversion" section.
"If the color buffer is fixed-point, the components of the source
and destination values and blend factors are clamped to [0, 1]
prior to evaluating the blend equation, the components of the
blending result are clamped to [0,1] and converted to fixed-
point values in the manner described in section 2.14.9. If the
color buffer is floating-point, no clamping occurs. The
resulting four values are sent to the next operation."
The modified ARB_color_buffer_float paragraph should read:
"If the color buffer is fixed-point, the components of the source
and destination values and blend factors are clamped to [0, 1]
prior to evaluating the blend equation. If the color buffer is
floating-point, no clamping occurs. The resulting four values are
sent to the next operation."
Replace the following sentence:
"Destination (framebuffer) components are taken to be fixed-point
values represented according to the scheme in section 2.14.9 (Final
Color Processing), as are source (fragment) components."
with the following sentences:
"Destination (framebuffer) components are taken to be fixed-point
values represented according to the scheme in section 2.14.9 (Final
Color Processing). If FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB is enabled and the value
of FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COLOR_ENCODING for the framebuffer
attachment corresponding to the destination buffer is SRGB (see
section 6.1.3), the R
G, and B destination color values (after conversion from fixed-point
to floating-point) are considered to be encoded for the sRGB color
space and hence need to be linearized prior to their use in blending.
Each R, G, and B component is linearized by some approximation of
the following:
{ cs / 12.92, cs <= 0.04045
cl = {
{ ((cs + 0.055)/1.055)^2.4, cs > 0.04045
where cs is the component value prior to linearization and cl is
the result. Otherwise if FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB is disabled, or the
value of FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COLOR_ENCODING is not SRGB, no
linearization is performed.
The resulting linearized R, G, and B and unmodified A values are
recombined as the destination color used in blending computations.
ADD new section 4.1.X "sRGB Conversion" after section 4.1.8 (Blending)
and before section 4.1.9 (Dithering). With this new section added,
understand the "next operation" referred to in the section 4.1.8
(Blending) to now be "sRGB Conversion" (instead of "Dithering").
"If FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB is enabled and the value of
FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COLOR_ENCODING for the framebuffer attachment
corresponding to the destination buffer is SRGB (see section 6.1.3),
the R, G, and B values after blending are converted into the non-linear
sRGB color space by some approximation of the following:
{ 0.0, 0 <= cl
{ 12.92 * c, 0 < cl < 0.0031308
cs = { 1.055 * cl^0.41666 - 0.055, 0.0031308 <= cl < 1
{ 1.0, cl >= 1
where cl is the R, G, or B element and cs is the result
(effectively converted into an sRGB color space).
If FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB is disabled or the value of
FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COLOR_ENCODING is not SRGB, then
cs = cl
The resulting cs values for R, G, and B and the unmodified A form a
new RGBA color value. If the color
buffer is fixed-point, the components of this RGBA color value are
clamped to [0,1] and then converted to a fixed-point value in the
manner described in section 2.14.9. The resulting four values are
sent to the subsequent dithering operation."
Additions to Chapter 5 of the 2.0 Specification (Special Functions)
None
Additions to Chapter 6 of the 2.0 Specification (State and State Requests)
None
Additions to the OpenGL Shading Language specification
None
Additions to the GLX Specification
None
Dependencies on ARB_color_buffer_float
If ARB_color_buffer_float is not supported, ignore the edits to
ARB_color_buffer_float language.
Dependencies on EXT_texture_sRGB and ARB_framebuffer_object
If EXT_texture_sRGB and ARB_framebuffer_object are both supported, the
implementation should set the value of
FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COLOR_ENCODING to LINEAR when
rendering to a color texture that is not one of the EXT_texture_sRGB
introduced internal formats. An implementation can determine whether
or not it will set the value of
FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COLOR_ENCODING to SRGB for the
EXT_texture_sRGB introduced internal formats. Implementations are
encouraged to allow sRGB update and blending when rendering to sRGB
textures using ARB_framebuffer_object but this is not required.
In any case, FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COLOR_ENCODING should indicate
whether or not sRGB update and blending is supported.
Dependencies on ARB_draw_buffers, EXT_texture_sRGB, and ARB_framebuffer_object
If ARB_draw_buffers, EXT_texture_sRGB, and ARB_framebuffer_object
are supported and an application attempts to render to a set of
color buffers where some but not all of the color buffers are SRGB
capable, sRGB update and blending only apply to the color buffers
that are actually sRGB-capable.
GLX Protocol
None.
Errors
Relaxation of INVALID_ENUM errors
---------------------------------
Enable, Disable, IsEnabled, GetBooleanv, GetIntegerv, GetFloatv,
and GetDoublev now accept FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB as allowed in the "New
Tokens" section.
New State
Add to table 6.20 (Pixel Operations)
Get Value Type Get Command Initial Value Description Sec. Attribute
---------------- ---- ----------- ------------- --------------- ----- -------------------
FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB B IsEnabled False sRGB update and 4.1.X color-buffer/enable
blending enable
New Implementation Dependent State
None
Issues
1) What should this extension be called?
RESOLVED: ARB_framebuffer_sRGB.
The "ARB_framebuffer" part indicates the extension is in
the framebuffer domain and "sRGB" indicates the extension is
adding a set of sRGB formats. This mimics the naming of the
EXT_texture_sRGB extension that adds sRGB texture formats.
The mixed-case spelling of sRGB is the established usage so
"_sRGB" is preferred to "_srgb". The "s" stands for standard
(color space).
For token names, we use "SRGB" since token names are uniformly
capitalized.
2) Should alpha be sRGB encoded?
RESOLVED: No. Alpha remains linear.
A rationale for this resolution is found in Alvy Ray's "Should
Alpha Be Nonlinear If RGB Is?" Tech Memo 17 (December 14, 1998).
See: ftp://ftp.alvyray.com/Acrobat/17_Nonln.pdf
3) Should the ability to support sRGB framebuffer update and blending
be an attribute of the framebuffer?
RESOLVED: Yes. It should be a capability of some pixel formats
(mostly likely just RGB8 and RGBA8) that says sRGB blending can
be enabled.
This allows an implementation to simply mark the existing RGB8
and RGBA8 pixel formats as supporting sRGB blending and then
just provide the functionality for sRGB update and blending for
such formats.
sRGB support for floating-point formats makes little sense
(because floating-point already provide a non-linear distribution
of precision and typically have considerably more precision
than 8-bit fixed-point framebuffer components allow) and would
be expensive to support.
Requiring sRGB support for all fixed-point buffers means that
support for 16-bit components or very small 5-bit or 6-bit
components would require special sRGB conversion hardware.
Typically sRGB is well-suited for 8-bit fixed-point components
so we do not want this extension to require expensive tables
for other component sizes that are unlikely to ever be used.
Implementations could support sRGB conversion for any color
framebuffer format but implementations are not required to
(honestly nor are implementations like to support sRGB on anything
but 8-bit fixed-point color formats).
4) Should there be an enable for sRGB update and blending?
RESOLVED: Yes, and it is disabled by default. The enable only
applies if a destination buffer's pixel format is capable
of sRGB update and blending. Otherwise, the enable is silently
ignored (similar to how the multisample enables are ignored when
the pixel format lacks multisample supports).
5) How is sRGB blending done?
RESOLVED: Blending is a linear operation so should be performed
on values in linear spaces. sRGB-encoded values are in a
non-linear space so sRGB blending should convert sRGB-encoded
values from the framebuffer to linear values, blend, and then
sRGB-encode the result to store it in the framebuffer.
The destination color RGB components are each converted
from sRGB to a linear value. Blending is then performed.
The source color and constant color are simply assumed to be
treated as linear color components. Then the result of blending
is converted to an sRGB encoding and stored in the framebuffer.
6) What happens if GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB is enabled (and
GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COLOR_ENCODING is GL_SRGB), but
GL_BLEND is not enabled?
RESOLVED: The color result from fragment coloring (the source
color) is converted to an sRGB encoding and stored in the
framebuffer.
7) How are multiple render targets handled?
RESOLVED: Render targets that are not sRGB-capable ignore the
state of the GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB enable for sRGB update and
blending. Note that unlike EXT_framebuffer_sRGB, the
sRGB-capable query may be performed on a per-color-attachment
basis.
8) Should sRGB framebuffer support affect the pixel path?
RESOLVED: No.
sRGB conversion only applies to color reads for blending and
color writes. Color reads for glReadPixels, glCopyPixels,
or glAccum have no sRGB conversion applied.
For pixel path operations, an application could use pixel maps
or color tables to perform an sRGB-to-linear conversion with
these lookup tables.
9) Can luminance (single color component) framebuffer formats
support sRGB blending?
RESOLVED: Yes, if an implementation chooses to advertise such
a format and set the sRGB attribute for the format too.
Implementations are not obliged to provide such formats.
10) Should all component sizes be supported for sRGB components or
just 8-bit?
RESOLVED: This is at the implementation's discretion since
the implementation decides what pixel formats such support sRGB
update and blending.
It likely implementations will only provide sRGB-capable
framebuffer configurations for configurations with 8-bit
components.
11) What must be specified as far as how do you convert to and from
sRGB and linear RGB color spaces?
RESOLVED: The specification language needs to only supply the
linear RGB to sRGB conversion (see section 4.9.X above).
The sRGB to linear RGB conversion is documented in the
EXT_texture_sRGB specification.
For completeness, the accepted linear RGB to sRGB conversion
(the inverse of the function specified in section 3.8.x) is as
follows:
Given a linear RGB component, cl, convert it to an sRGB component,
cs, in the range [0,1], with this pseudo-code:
if (isnan(cl)) {
/* Map IEEE-754 Not-a-number to zero. */
cs = 0.0;
} else if (cl > 1.0) {
cs = 1.0;
} else if (cl < 0.0) {
cs = 0.0;
} else if (cl < 0.0031308) {
cs = 12.92 * cl;
} else {
cs = 1.055 * pow(cl, 0.41666) - 0.055;
}
The NaN behavior in the pseudo-code is recommended but not
specified in the actual specification language.
sRGB components are typically stored as unsigned 8-bit
fixed-point values. If cs is computed with the above
pseudo-code, cs can be converted to a [0,255] integer with this
formula:
csi = floor(255.0 * cs + 0.5)
12) Does this extension guarantee images rendered with sRGB textures
will "look good" when output to a device supporting an sRGB
color space?
RESOLVED: No.
Whether the displayed framebuffer is displayed to a monitor that
faithfully reproduces the sRGB color space is beyond the scope
of this extension. This involves the gamma correction and color
calibration of the physical display device.
13) How does this extension interact with ARB_framebuffer_object?
RESOLVED: ARB_framebuffer_object is required to provide the
GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COLOR_ENCODING query used to determine
if the color texture image is capable of sRGB rendering.
This query should be LINEAR for all texture internal formats
other than sRGB internal formats such as those introduced by
EXT_texture_sRGB. Implementations of this extension must be able
to support sRGB update and blending of sRGB textures.
14) How is the constant blend color handled for sRGB framebuffers?
RESOLVED: The constant blend color is specified as four
floating-point values. Given that the texture border color can
be specified at such high precision, it is always treated as a
linear RGBA value.
15) How does glCopyTex[Sub]Image work with sRGB? Suppose we're
rendering to a floating point pbuffer or framebuffer object and
do CopyTexImage. Are the linear framebuffer values converted
to sRGB during the copy?
RESOLVED: No, linear framebuffer values will NOT be automatically
converted to the sRGB encoding during the copy. If such a
conversion is desired, as explained in issue 12, the red, green,
and blue pixel map functionality can be used to implement a
linear-to-sRGB encoding translation.
16) Should this extension explicitly specify the particular
sRGB-to-linear and linear-to-sRGB conversions it uses?
RESOLVED: The conversions are explicitly specified but
allowance for approximations is provided. The expectation is
that the implementation is likely to use a table to implement the
conversions the conversion is necessarily then an approximation.
17) How does this extension interact with multisampling?
RESOLVED: There are no explicit interactions. However, arguably
if the color samples for multisampling are sRGB encoded, the
samples should be linearized before being "resolved" for display
and then recoverted to sRGB if the output device expects sRGB
encoded color components.
This is really a video scan-out issue and beyond the scope
of this extension which is focused on the rendering issues.
However some implementation advice is provided:
The implementation sufficiently aware of the gamma correction
configured for the display device could decide to perform an
sRGB-correct multisample resolve. Whether this occurs or not
could be determined by a control panel setting or inferred by
the application's use of this extension.
18) Why is the sRGB framebuffer GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB enable
disabled by default?
RESOLVED: This extension could have a boolean
sRGB-versus-non-sRGB pixel format configuration mode that
determined whether or not sRGB framebuffer update and blending
occurs. The problem with this approach is 1) it creates may more
pixel formation configurations because sRGB and non-sRGB versions
of lots of existing configurations must be advertised, and 2)
applicaitons unaware of sRGB might unknowingly select an sRGB
configuration and then generate over-bright rendering.
It seems more appropriate to have a capability for sRGB
framebuffer update and blending that is disabled by default.
This allows existing RGB8 and RGBA8 framebuffer configurations
to be marked as sRGB capable (so no additional configurations
need be enumerated). Applications that desire sRGB rendering
should identify an sRGB-capable framebuffer configuration and
then enable sRGB rendering.
This is different from how EXT_texture_sRGB handles sRGB support
for texture formats. In the EXT_texture_sRGB extension, textures
are either sRGB or non-sRGB and there is no texture parameter
to switch textures between the two modes. This makes sense for
EXT_texture_sRGB because it allows implementations to fake sRGB
textures with higher-precision linear textures that simply convert
sRGB-encoded texels to sufficiently precise linear RGB values.
Texture formats also don't have the problem enumerated pixel
format descriptions have where a naive application could stumble
upon an sRGB-capable pixel format. sRGB textures require
explicit use of one of the new EXT_texture_sRGB-introduced
internal formats.
19) How does sRGB and this extension interact with digital video
output standards, in particular DVI?
RESOLVED: The DVI 1.0 specification recommends "as a default
position that digital moniotrs of all types support a color
transfer function similar to analog CRT monitors (gamma=2.2)
which makes up the majority of the compute display market." This
means DVI output devices should benefit from blending in the
sRGB color space just like analog monitors.
20) Why don't the new tokens and entry points in this extension have
"ARB" suffixes like other ARB extensions?
RESOLVED: Unlike most ARB extensions, this is a strict subset of
functionality already approved in OpenGL 3.0. This extension
exists only to support that functionality on older hardware that
cannot implement a full OpenGL 3.0 driver. Since there are no
possible behavior changes between the ARB extension and core
features, source code compatibility is improved by not using
suffixes on the extension.
This does not apply to the GLX and WGL elements of this
extension, since those elements are not part of a new core GLX
or WGL release yet.
21) Where's the specification language for the GLX and WGL pixel
format selection interface?
TO BE DONE. The {GLX,WGL}_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB_CAPABLE_ARB pixel
format attributes are used to select default framebuffers which
are sRGB-capable in the fairly obvious way, but this language
was missing in the original EXT_framebuffer_sRGB and needs to be
added here.
Revision History
Rev. Date Author Changes
---- -------- -------- -------------------------------------
1.2 08/11/08 jleech Use per-FBO-attachment state for
sRGB-capable queries, rather then the
EXT's single boolean query for the
entire framebuffer.
1.1 08/08/08 jleech Remove ARB suffixes.
1 10/21/06 barthold Added revision history
0.4 10/20/06 mjk Added issue 19
0.3 mjk Internal spec development.