Name

    ARB_viewport_array

Name Strings

    GL_ARB_viewport_array

Contributors

    Graham Sellers, AMD
    Mark Young, AMD
    Nick Haemel, AMD
    Bill Licea-Kane, AMD
    Jeff Bolz, NVIDIA
    Daniel Koch, TransGaming
    Pat Brown, NVIDIA
    Bruce Merry, ARM
    Ian Stewart, NVIDIA

Contact

    Graham Sellers, AMD (graham.sellers 'at' amd.com)

Notice

    Copyright (c) 2010-2013 The Khronos Group Inc. Copyright terms at
        http://www.khronos.org/registry/speccopyright.html

Specification Update Policy

    Khronos-approved extension specifications are updated in response to
    issues and bugs prioritized by the Khronos OpenGL Working Group. For
    extensions which have been promoted to a core Specification, fixes will
    first appear in the latest version of that core Specification, and will
    eventually be backported to the extension document. This policy is
    described in more detail at
        https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/docs/update_policy.php

Status

    Complete. Approved by the ARB on June 9, 2010.
    Approved by the Khronos Board of Promoters on July 23, 2010.

Version

    Last Modified Date:         06/25/2012
    Author Revision:            18

Number

    ARB Extension #100

Dependencies

    OpenGL 1.0 is required.

    OpenGL 3.2 or the EXT_geometry_shader4 or ARB_geometry_shader4 extensions
    are required.

    This extension is written against the OpenGL 3.2 (Compatibility)
    Specification.

    This extension is written against the OpenGL Shading Language Specification
    version 1.50.09.

Overview

    OpenGL is modeled on a pipeline of operations. The final stage in this
    pipeline before rasterization is the viewport transformation. This stage
    transforms vertices from view space into window coordinates and allows the
    application to specify a rectangular region of screen space into which
    OpenGL should draw primitives. Unextended OpenGL implementations provide a
    single viewport per context. In order to draw primitives into multiple
    viewports, the OpenGL viewport may be changed between several draw calls.
    With the advent of Geometry Shaders, it has become possible for an
    application to amplify geometry and produce multiple output primitives
    for each primitive input to the Geometry Shader. It is possible to direct
    these primitives to render into a selected render target. However, all
    render targets share the same, global OpenGL viewport.

    This extension enhances OpenGL by providing a mechanism to expose multiple
    viewports. Each viewport is specified as a rectangle. The destination
    viewport may be selected per-primitive by the geometry shader. This allows
    the Geometry Shader to produce different versions of primitives destined
    for separate viewport rectangles on the same surface. Additionally, when
    combined with multiple framebuffer attachments, it allows a different
    viewport rectangle to be selected for each. This extension also exposes a
    separate scissor rectangle for each viewport. Finally, the viewport bounds
    are now floating point quantities allowing fractional pixel offsets to be
    applied during the viewport transform.

IP Status

    No known IP claims.

New Procedures and Functions

    void ViewportArrayv(uint first, sizei count, const float * v);
    void ViewportIndexedf(uint index, float x, float y, float w, float h);
    void ViewportIndexedfv(uint index, const float * v);
    void ScissorArrayv(uint first, sizei count, const int * v);
    void ScissorIndexed(uint index, int left, int bottom, sizei width, sizei height);
    void ScissorIndexedv(uint index, const int * v);
    void DepthRangeArrayv(uint first, sizei count, const clampd * v);
    void DepthRangeIndexed(uint index, clampd n, clampd f);
    void GetFloati_v(enum target, uint index, float *data);
    void GetDoublei_v(enum target, uint index, double *data);

    void GetIntegerIndexedvEXT(enum target, uint index, int * v);
    void EnableIndexedEXT(enum target, uint index);
    void DisableIndexedEXT(enum target, uint index);
    boolean IsEnabledIndexedEXT(enum target, uint index);

    Note that GetIntegerIndexedvEXT, EnableIndexedEXT, DisableIndexedEXT and
    IsEnabledIndexedEXT are introduced by other OpenGL extensions such as
    EXT_draw_buffers2. If this extension is implemented against an earlier
    version of OpenGL that does not support GetIntegeri_v and so on, the
    'Indexed' versions of these functions may be used in their place.

New Tokens

    Accepted by the <pname> parameter of GetBooleanv, GetIntegerv, GetFloatv,
    GetDoublev and GetInteger64v:

        MAX_VIEWPORTS                                   0x825B
        VIEWPORT_SUBPIXEL_BITS                          0x825C
        VIEWPORT_BOUNDS_RANGE                           0x825D
        LAYER_PROVOKING_VERTEX                          0x825E
        VIEWPORT_INDEX_PROVOKING_VERTEX                 0x825F

    Accepted by the <pname> parameter of GetIntegeri_v:

        SCISSOR_BOX                                     0x0C10

    Accepted by the <pname> parameter of GetFloati_v:

        VIEWPORT                                        0x0BA2

    Accepted by the <pname> parameter of GetDoublei_v:

        DEPTH_RANGE                                     0x0B70

    Accepted by the <pname> parameter of Enablei, Disablei, and IsEnabledi:

        SCISSOR_TEST                                    0x0C11

    Returned in the <data> parameter from a Get query with a <pname> of
    LAYER_PROVOKING_VERTEX or VIEWPORT_INDEX_PROVOKING_VERTEX:

        FIRST_VERTEX_CONVENTION                         0x8E4D
        LAST_VERTEX_CONVENTION                          0x8E4E
        PROVOKING_VERTEX                                0x8E4F
        UNDEFINED_VERTEX                                0x8260

Additions to Chapter 2 of the OpenGL 3.2 (Compatibility) Specification (OpenGL
Operation)

    Modifications to Section 2.15.4, Geometry Shader Execution Environment

    Add a paragraph after the description of gl_Layer, page 124.

    The built-in special variable gl_ViewportIndex is used to direct
    rendering to one of several viewports and is discussed in the section
    entitled "Layer and Viewport Selection", below.

    Rename the the "Layered Rendering" subsection to "Layer and Viewport
    Selection" and append the following:

    Geometry shaders may also select the destination viewport for each
    output primitive. The destination viewport for a primitive may be
    selected in the geometry shader by writing to the built-in output
    variable gl_ViewportIndex. This functionality allows a geometry
    shader to direct its output to a different viewport for each
    primitive, or to draw multiple versions of a primitive into several
    different viewports.

    The specific vertex of a primitive that is used to select the
    rendering layer or viewport index is implementation-dependent and
    thus portable applications will assign the same layer and viewport
    index for all vertices in a primitive. The vertex conventions
    followed for gl_Layer and gl_ViewportIndex may be determined by
    calling GetIntegerv with the symbolic constants
    LAYER_PROVOKING_VERTEX and VIEWPORT_INDEX_PROVOKING_VERTEX,
    respectively. For either value, if the value returned is
    PROVOKING_VERTEX, then vertex selection follows the convention
    specified by ProvokingVertex (see section 2.21). If the value
    returned is FIRST_VERTEX_CONVENTION, selection is always taken from
    the first vertex of a primitive. If the value returned is
    LAST_VERTEX_CONVENTION, the selection is always taken from the last
    vertex of a primitive. If the value returned is UNDEFINED_VERTEX,
    the selection is not guaranteed to be taken from any specific vertex
    in the primitive. The vertex considered the provoking vertex for
    particular primitive types is given in Table 2.15.

    Modify section 2.16.1 "Controlling the Viewport", page 126.

    Change the first paragraph of section 2.16.1 to read

    The viewport transformation is determined by the selected viewport's
    width and height in pixels, p_x and p_y, respectively, and its
    center (o_x,o_y) (also in pixels) ...

        { leave equations intact }

    Multiple viewports are available and are numbered zero through the
    value of MAX_VIEWPORTS minus one. If a geometry shader is active and
    writes to gl_ViewportIndex, the viewport transformation uses the
    viewport corresponding to the value assigned to gl_ViewportIndex
    taken from an implementation-dependent primitive vertex. If the
    value of the viewport index is outside the range zero to the value
    of MAX_VIEWPORTS minus one, the results of the viewport
    transformation are undefined. If no geometry shader is active, or if
    the active geometry shader does not write to gl_ViewportIndex, the
    viewport numbered zero is used by the viewport transformation.

    A single vertex may be used in more than one individual primitive, in
    primitives such as TRIANGLE_STRIP.  In this case, the viewport
    transformation is applied separately for each primitive.

    The factor and offset applied to Z_d for each viewport encoded by n
    and f are set using

        void DepthRangeArrayv(uint first, sizei count, const clampd * v);
        void DepthRangeIndexed(uint index, clampd n, clampd f);
        void DepthRange(clampd n, clampd f);

    DepthRangeArrayv is used to specify the depth range for multiple
    viewports simultaneously. <first> specifies the index of the first
    viewport to modify and <count> specifies the number of viewports. If
    (<first> + <count>) is greater than the value of MAX_VIEWPORTS then
    an INVALID_VALUE error will be generated. Viewports whose indices
    lie outside the range [<first>, <first> + <count>) are not modified.
    The <v> parameter contains the address of an array of clampd types
    specifying near (n) and far (f) for each viewport in that order.

    DepthRangeIndexed specifies the depth range for a single viewport
    and is equivalent (assuming no errors are generated) to:

        clampd v[] = { n, f };
        DepthRangeArrayv(index, 1, v);

    DepthRange sets the depth range for all viewports to the same values
    and is equivalent (assuming no errors are generated) to:

        for (uint i = 0; i < MAX_VIEWPORTS; i++)
            DepthRangeIndexed(i, n, f);

    Z_w is represented as either ...

    Replace the end of section 2.16.1, starting from "Viewport transformation
    parameters are specified using..."

    Viewport transformation parameters are specified using

        void ViewportArrayv(uint first, sizei count, const float * v);
        void Viewport(int x, int y, sizei w, sizei h);
        void ViewportIndexedf(uint index, float x, float y, float w, float h);
        void ViewportIndexedfv(uint index, const float * v);

    ViewportArrayv specifies parameters for multiple viewports
    simultaneously. <first> specifies the index of the first viewport to
    modify and <count> specifies the number of viewports. If (<first> +
    <count>) is greater than the value of MAX_VIEWPORTS then an
    INVALID_VALUE error will be generated. Viewports whose indices lie
    outside the range [<first>, <first> + <count>) are not modified.
    <v> contains the address of an array of floating point values
    specifying the left (x), bottom (y), width (w) and height (h) of
    each viewport, in that order. <x> and <y> give the location of the
    viewport's lower left corner and <w> and <h> give the viewport's
    width and height, respectively.

    ViewportIndexedf and ViewportIndexedfv specify parameters for a
    single viewport and are equivalent (assuming no errors are
    generated) to:

        float v[4] = { x, y, w, h };
        ViewportArrayv(index, 1, v);

    and

        ViewportArrayv(index, 1, v);

    respectively.

    Viewport sets the parameters for all viewports to the same values
    and is equivalent (assuming no errors are generated) to:

        for (uint i = 0; i < MAX_VIEWPORTS; i++)
            ViewportIndexedf(i, 1, (float)x, (float)y, (float)w, (float)h);

    The viewport parameters shown in the above equations are found from these
    values as

        o_x = x + w /2,
        o_y = y + h / 2,
        p_x = w,
        p  = h.

    The location of the viewport's bottom-left corner, given by (x,y), are
    clamped to be within the implementation-dependent viewport bounds range.
    The viewport bounds range [min, max] tuple may be determined by
    calling GetFloatv with the symbolic constant VIEWPORT_BOUNDS_RANGE
    (see section 6.1).

    Viewport width and height are clamped to implementation-dependent maximums
    when specified. The maximum width and height may be found by calling
    GetFloatv with the symbolic constant MAX_VIEWPORT_DIMS. The maximum
    viewport dimensions must be greater than or equal to the larger of
    the visible dimensions of the display being rendered to (if a
    display exists), and the largest renderbuffer image which can be
    successfully created and attached to a framebuffer object (see
    chapter 4). INVALID_VALUE is generated if either w or h is negative.

    The state required to implement the viewport transformations is four
    floating-point values and two clamped floating-point values for each
    viewport. In the initial state, w and h for each viewport are set to
    the width and height, respectively, of the window into which the GL
    is to do its rendering. If the default framebuffer is bound but no
    default framebuffer is associated with the GL context (see chapter
    4), then w and h are initially set to zero. o_x and o_y are set to
    w/2 and h/2, respectively. n and f are set to 0.0 and 1.0,
    respectively.

    The precision with which the GL interprets the floating point viewport
    bounds is implementation-dependent and may be determined by querying the
    implementation-defined constant VIEWPORT_SUBPIXEL_BITS.

Additions to Chapter 3 of the OpenGL 3.2 (Compatibility) Specification
(Rasterization)

    None.

Additions to Chapter 4 of the OpenGL 3.2 (Compatibility) Specification (Per-
Fragment Operations and the Framebuffer)

    Replace section 4.1.2 "Scissor Test", page 284.

    The scissor test determines if (xw, yw) lies within the scissor rectangle
    defined by four values for each viewport. These values are set with

        void ScissorArrayv(uint first, sizei count, const int * v);
        void ScissorIndexed(uint index, int left, int bottom, sizei width, sizei height);
        void ScissorIndexedv(uint index, int * v);
        void Scissor(int left, int bottom, sizei width, sizei height);

    ScissorArrayv defines a set of scissor rectangles that are each
    applied to the corresponding viewport (see section 2.16.1
    "Controlling the Viewport"). <first> specifies the index of the
    first scissor rectangle to modify, and <count> specifies the number
    of scissor rectangles. If (<first> + <count>) is greater than the
    value of MAX_VIEWPORTS, then an INVALID_VALUE error is generated.
    <v> contains the address of an array of integers containing the
    left, bottom, width and height of the scissor rectangles, in that
    order.

    If left <= x_w < left + width and bottom <= y_w < bottom + height
    for the selected scissor rectangle, then the scissor test passes.
    Otherwise, the test fails and the fragment is discarded. For points,
    lines, and polygons, the scissor rectangle for a primitive is
    selected in the same manner as the viewport (see section 2.16.1).
    For pixel rectangles and bitmaps, the scissor rectangle numbered
    zero is used for the scissor test.

    The scissor test is enabled or disabled for all viewports using
    Enable or Disable with the symbolic constant SCISSOR_TEST. The test
    is enabled or disabled for a specific viewport using Enablei or
    Disablei with the constant SCISSOR_TEST and the index of the
    selected viewport. When disabled, it is as if the scissor test
    always passes. The value of the scissor test enable for viewport <i>
    can be queried by calling IsEnabledi with <target> SCISSOR_TEST and
    <index> <i>. The value of the scissor test enable for viewport zero
    may also be queried by calling IsEnabled with the same symbolic
    constant, but no <index> parameter. If either width or height is
    less than zero for any scissor rectangle, then an INVALID_VALUE
    error is generated. If the viewport index specified to Enablei,
    Disablei or IsEnabledi is greater or equal to the value of
    MAX_VIEWPORTS, then an INVALID_VALUE error is generated.

    The state required consists of four integer values per viewport, and
    a bit indicating whether the test is enabled or disabled for each
    viewport. In the initial state, left = bottom = 0, and width and
    height are determined by the size of the window into which the GL is
    to do its rendering for all viewports. If the default framebuffer is
    bound but no default framebuffer is associated with the GL context
    (see chapter 4), then with and height are initially set to zero.
    Initially, the scissor test is disabled for all viewports.

    ScissorIndexed and ScissorIndexedv specify the scissor rectangle for
    a single viewport and are equivalent (assuming no errors are
    generated) to:

        int v[] = { left, bottom, width, height };
        ScissorArrayv(index, 1, v);

    and

        ScissorArrayv(index, 1, v);

    respectively.

    Scissor sets the scissor rectangle for all viewports to the same
    values and is equivalent (assuming no errors are generated) to:

        for (uint i = 0; i < MAX_VIEWPORTS; i++) {
            ScissorIndexed(i, left, bottom, width, height);
        }

    Calling Enable or Disable with the symbolic constant SCISSOR_TEST is
    equivalent, assuming no errors, to:

    for (uint i = 0; i < MAX_VIEWPORTS; i++) {
        Enablei(SCISSOR_TEST, i);
        /* or */
        Disablei(SCISSOR_TEST, i);
    }

Additions to Chapter 5 of the OpenGL 3.2 (Compatibility) Specification (Special
Functions)

    None.

Additions to Chapter 6 of the OpenGL 3.2 (Compatibility) Specification (State
and State Requests)

    Modifications to Section 6.1.1 Simple Queries

        Add to the list of indexed query functions:

        void GetFloati_v(enum target, uint index, float *data);
        void GetDoublei_v(enum target, uint index, float *data);

Additions to the OpenGL Shading Language Version 1.50.09 Specification

    Add a new Section 3.3.x, GL_ARB_viewport_array Extension (p. 13)

    3.3.x GL_ARB_viewport_array Extension

    To use the GL_ARB_viewport_array extension in a shader it must be
    enabled using the #extension directive.

    The shading language preprocessor #define GL_ARB_viewport_array will
    be defined to 1 if the GL_ARB_viewport_array extension is supported.

    Additions to Section 7.1 "Vertex and Geometry Shader Special Variables"

    Add a paragraph after the paragraph describing gl_Layer, starting "The
    built-in output variable gl_Layer is available only in the geometry
    language, and provides the number of the layer of textures attached to a
    FBO to direct rendering to.":

    The built-in output variable gl_ViewportIndex is available only in the
    geometry language, and provides the index of the viewport to which the
    next primitive emitted from the geometry shader should be drawn. Primitives
    generated by the geometry shader will undergo viewport transformation and
    scissor testing using the viewport transformation and scissor rectangle
    selected by the value of gl_ViewportIndex. The viewport index used will
    come from one of the vertices in the primitive being shaded. Which vertex
    the viewport index comes from is implementation-dependent, so it is best to
    use the same viewport index for all vertices of the primitive. If a geometry
    shader does not assign a value to gl_ViewportIndex, viewport transform
    and scissor rectangle zero will be used. If a geometry shader assigns a
    value to gl_ViewportIndex and there is a path through the shader that
    does not set gl_ViewportIndex, then the value of gl_ViewportIndex is
    undefined for executions of the shader that take that path. See section
    2.15.4, under "Geometry Shader Outputs" for more information.

    Add to the list of geometry shader built-in variables on p. 69:

        out int gl_ViewportIndex;    // may be written to

    Modify the description of EmitVertex() in Section 8.10, "Geometry Shader
    Functions", page 104:

    The function EmitVertex() specifies that a vertex is completed. A vertex
    is added to the current output primitive using the current values of the
    geometry shader's output variables, including gl_PointSize, gl_ClipDistance,
    gl_Layer, gl_Position, gl_PrimitiveID and gl_ViewportIndex. The values
    of all these...

    Add to the list of built in constants available to geometry shaders in
    Section 7.4:

        const int gl_MaxViewports = 16;

Additions to the AGL/GLX/WGL Specifications

    None.

GLX Protocol

    TBD.

Errors

    INVALID_VALUE is generated by ViewportArrayv if <first> + <count> is
    greater than or equal to the value of MAX_VIEWPORTS, or if any
    viewport's width or height is less than 0.

    INVALID_VALUE is generated by ScissorArrayv if <first> + <count> is
    greater than or equal to the value of MAX_VIEWPORTS, or if any
    scissor rectangle's width or height is less than zero.

    INVALID_VALUE is generated by DepthRangeArrayv if <first> + <count> is
    greater than or equal to the vaue of MAX_VIEWPORTS.

    INVALID_VALUE is generated by Enablei, Disablei and IsEnabledi if
    <index> is greater than or equal to the value of MAX_VIEWPORTS.

New State

    Table 6.13 (p. 405)

    Get Value                 Type             Get Command       Initial Value   Description               Sec    Attribute
    ------------------------  ---------------- ------------      -------------   ------------------------  -----  ---------
    VIEWPORT                  16* x 4 x R      GetFloati_v       See 2.11.1      Viewport origin & extent  2.11.1 viewport
    DEPTH_RANGE               16* x 2 x R[0,1] GetDoublei_v      See 2.16.1      Depth range near & far    2.16.1 viewport

NOTE: The changes are that VIEWPORT and DEPTH_RANGE are extended to
accommodate 16* copies and now consist of floating-point and
double-precision values, respectively.

    Table 6.26 (p. 418)

    Get Value                 Type        Get Command           Initial Value   Description               Sec    Attribute
    ------------------------  ----------  -------------         -------------   -------------------       -----  ---------
    SCISSOR_TEST              16* x B     IsEnabledi            FALSE           Scissoring enabled        4.1.2  scissor/enable
    SCISSOR_BOX               16* x 4 x Z GetIntegeri_v         See 4.1.2       Scissor box               4.1.2  scissor

NOTE: The only change is that SCISSOR_TEST and SCISSOR_BOX are extended
to accommodate 16* copies.

New Implementation Dependent State

    Get Value                        Type   Get Command     Minimum Value   Description                     Sec.
    ---------                        ----   -----------     -------------   -------------------             -----
    MAX_VIEWPORT_DIMS (NOTE 1)       2 x Z+ GetFloatv       See 2.16.1      Maximum viewport dimensions     2.16.1
    MAX_VIEWPORTS                    Z+     GetIntegerv     16              Maximum number of               2.16.1
                                                                            active viewports
    VIEWPORT_SUBPIXEL_BITS           Z+     GetIntegerv     0               Number of bits of sub-pixel     2.16.1
                                                                            precision for viewport bounds
    VIEWPORT_BOUNDS_RANGE            2 x R  GetFloatv       (NOTE 2)        Viewport bounds range [min,max] 2.16.1
    LAYER_PROVOKING_VERTEX           Z_4    GetIntegerv     -- (NOTE 3)     vertex convention followed by   2.15.4
                                                                            the gl_Layer GLSL variable
    VIEWPORT_INDEX_PROVOKING_VERTEX  Z_4    GetIntegerv     -- (NOTE 3)     vertex convention followed by   2.15.4
                                                                            the gl_ViewportIndex GLSL
                                                                            variable

NOTE 1: The recommended get command is changed from GetIntegerv to GetFloatv.
NOTE 2: range for viewport bounds:
  * On GL3-capable hardware the VIEWPORT_BOUNDS_RANGE should be at least
    [-16384, 16383].
  * On GL4-capable hardware the VIEWPORT_BOUNDS_RANGE should be at least
    [-32768, 32767].
NOTE 3: Valid values are: FIRST_VERTEX_CONVENTION,
LAST_VERTEX_CONVENTION, PROVOKING_VERTEX, UNDEFINED_VERTEX.

Interactions with NV_depth_buffer_float

    If NV_depth_buffer_float is supported, add the following commands:

        void DepthRangeArraydvNV(uint first, sizei count, const double * v);
        void DepthRangeIndexeddNV(uint index, double n, double f);

    These functions are equivalent to the corresponding DepthRange*
    functions, except the the parameters are clamped to [0, 1] when using
    DepthRange*, but not when using DepthRange*dNV.  When <n> and <f> are
    applied to <z_d>, they are clamped to the range appropriate given the
    depth buffer's representation.

Interactions with ARB_provoking_vertex, EXT_provoking_vertex, and OpenGL 3.2 or later

    If none of ARB_provoking_vertex, EXT_provoking_vertex or OpenGL 3.2
    or later are supported, ignore all references to ProvokingVertex and
    PROVOKING_VERTEX. This extension will continue to require support
    for the LAYER_PROVOKING_VERTEX and VIEWPORT_INDEX_PROVOKING_VERTEX
    queries, but only FIRST_VERTEX_CONVENTION, LAST_VERTEX_CONVENTION,
    or UNDEFINED_VERTEX will be enumerated.

Dependencies on compatibitliy profile contexts

    Pixel rectangle primitives and bitmaps are available only in
    compatibility profile contexts. In the core profile, references to
    pixel rectangles and bitmaps are removed from the description of
    scissor rectangles in section 4.1.2.

Interactions with NV_geometry_program4

    If NV_geometry_program4 is supported and the "ARB_viewport_array" program
    option is specified, geometry result variable "result.viewport" can be
    used to specify the viewport array index to use for primitive viewport
    transformations and scissoring.

    (add the following rule to the NV_geometry_program4 grammar)

    <resultBasic>      ::= ...
                         | <resPrefix> "viewport"

    (add the following to Table X.3, Geometry Program Result Variable Bindings)

      Binding                        Components  Description
      -----------------------------  ----------  ----------------------------
      result.viewport                (v,*,*,*)   viewport array index

    (add the following to Section 2.X.2, Program Grammar)

    If a result variable binding matches "result.viewport", updates to the "x"
    component of the result variable provide a single integer that serves as a
    viewport index specifier for viewport arrays. The index must be written as
    an integer value; writing a floating-point value will produce undefined
    results. If a value outside the range [0, MAX_VIEWPORTS-1] is given, the
    behavior is to proceed as if viewport index 0 was selected. If the
    "ARB_viewport_array" program option is not specified, the "result.viewport"
    binding is unavailable.

    (add the following to Section 2.X.6.Y, Geometry Program Options)

    + Viewport Array (ARB_viewport_array)

    If a geometry program specifies the "ARB_viewport_array" option, the
    result binding "result.viewport" will be available to specify the viewport
    index to use for primitive viewport transformations and scissoring as
    described in section 2.X.2.

Issues

    1) The name glViewportArray infers dynamic behavior and that the GL
       may use values that present in the array at draw time. Would it be
       more consistent to call this glViewportiv or glViewportv?

       UNRESOLVED: For now, we'll leave it as glViewportArray.

    2) Should we provide a mechanism to write gl_ViewportIndex in the vertex
       shader? This would allow an application to assign gl_ViewportIndex
       based on the value of a uniform, or from data read through an attribute,
       for example.

       RESOLVED: No. While it may be possible, there is no compelling use case,
       and gl_Layer whose precedent we follow here, is not writable in the
       vertex shader.

    3) Does legacy glViewport update just the first viewport, or all of them?

       RESOLVED: glViewport is equivalent to calling glViewportArray with
       an array containing a single viewport once for each supported viewport.
       It therefore defines all viewports in a single call. This is also true
       for the legacy glScissor, glDepthRange, glEnable and glDisable functions.

    4) When EXT_provoking_vertex is supported, is the provoking vertex convention
       honored when selecting which vertex the gl_ViewportIndex property is to use?

       RESOLVED: It is desirable that the provoking vertex convention
       should be honored when selecting the vertex which gl_ViewportIndex is
       obtained from (and similarly for gl_Layer). Other APIs require that these
       properties should be taken from the "leading vertex", and this for
       maximum content portability, it is desireable to be able to configure the
       pipeline in the same way. However, there exists hardware which would
       otherwise be able to support these features which does not have the
       capability to configure which vertex this is selected from (even though
       it may be doing so in a content-portable way). The
       LAYER_PROVOKING_VERTEX and VIEWPORT_INDEX_PROVOKING_VERTEX
       queries have been added to allow applications to determine if the
       provoking vertex convention is being followed, and if not, which
       convention is being used (if any). Note that applications which are
       creating new content are advised that writing the same
       gl_ViewportIndex and gl_Layer to all the vertices of a primitive is
       the only portable solution.

    5) Why glViewportIndex rather than glEnablei, and so on?

       DISCUSSION: This extension follows the precedent of extensions such as
       EXT_draw_buffers2, which introduced glEnableIndexed. These 'indexed'
       functions since have been promoted to core OpenGL as glEnablei. If
       this extension is used on an implementation supporting the glEnablei style
       indexed functions, those may be used instead of, or in conjunction with
       the glXXXXIndexed style indexed functions.

    6) What happens if the viewport bounds lie on exact half-pixel coordinates?
       For example, on a multi-sample surface, which samples should be considered
       'inside' the viewport?

       DISCUSSION: The viewport transformation includes clipping. Assuming this
       clipping has similar precision to the viewport transform itself, then
       the resulting clipped primitives should cut through partial pixels,
       lighting only some of the samples within the pixel.

       FEEDBACK FROM PAT:

This discussion is technically incorrect -- the viewport
transformation technically does *NOT* include any clipping.  However, for
geometric primitives, the viewport transformation is applied to vertices
post-clipping (despite the fact that it precedes clipping in the spec), so
there is some clipping in the vicinity of the viewport transformation.

"Guardband clipping" is an alternate implementation, producing nearly
equivalent results to those specified by OpenGL.  When using guardband
clipping, primitives are not clipped tightly to the view volume in X/Y:

  -w <= x <= w
  -w <= y <= w

Instead, looser (or no) clipping is applied, for example:

  -8w <= x <= 8w
  -8w <= y <= 8w

Since primitives are clipped far less aggressively, something has to be done
to produce results similar to those with aggressive clipping.  To do this,
such implementations will enable per-pixel scissoring to the viewport
rectangle.

There are several areas of difference that implementations using guardband
clipping need to deal with (or ignore):

* line- and point-mode polygons:  The OpenGL spec says that lines should be
  drawn along the edges of polygons clipped to the frustum.  If you don't clip
  tightly, you can't draw those edges.  (NOTE:  The behavior specified by
  OpenGL ends up being somewhat shitty.  Let's say you have a line-mode
  primitive clipped by both the left and right side of the frustum, which
  implies that you should have vertical edges on the left and right side of
  the viewport.  With integer viewport coordinates, both edges will be exactly
  between pixel centers.  In practice, implementations' tiebreaking rules will
  have either the left or right edge light up pixels outside the viewport.  If
  the viewport is the full window, this means that one of those lines won't be
  visible.

* wide points and lines:  According to the OpenGL spec, line or point
  primitives on or near the edge of the viewport should technically extend
  outside the viewport.  For example, a four-pixel point on the left edge of
  the viewport should light up eight pixels (2x4) outside the left edge of the
  viewport.  The scissoring used for guardband clipping will discard those
  pixels.  In my opinion, the scissored results are preferable to those called
  for by the spec.  Of course, with the OpenGL spec behavior, there are no
  visible artifacts if:  (a) the viewport covers the entire window or (b) the
  application scissors manually itself.

Fractional viewports make things more complicated, particularly if the
implementation doesn't scissor at a per-sample granularity.  In this case,
tight view volume clipping will result in primitives that are fully contained
within the fractional viewport (to the limits of clipping math, at least).
Guardband clipping will have primitives that extend beyond the viewport and
probably cover full pixels at the boundary of the viewport.  (This discussion
assumes that a guardband implementation with fractional viewports extends its
viewport clip to pass on pixels containing any fraction of the floating-point
viewport.)

Direct3D 11 specifies that rasterization along the one-pixel edges of
fractional viewports to be undefined.  If implementations want defined
behavior with fractional viewports, they can program a slightly wider viewport
and scissor away the pixels along the edge of the expanded viewport.

My recommendation is as follows:

(1) Edit the clipping section of the spec to explicitly permit implementations
to clip to larger view volume extents in (x,y) and instead scissor to the
viewport rectangle.  Note that this scissor rectangle needs to either be
separate from the API-level scissor rectangle, or intersected with it.  This
scissoring would always have to be enabled, regardless of the SCISSOR enabled.

(2) Edit the viewport section of the spec to briefly discuss the implications
of fractional viewports on the newly permitted scissoring.

    7) What is the VIEWPORT_SUBPIXEL_BITS implementation defined value for?

       This allows an application to query the precision of the viewport
       transform. More specifically, if VIEWPORT_SUBPIXEL_BITS is zero, then
       this indicates that the viewport bounds are likely implemented using
       integers in hardware. If there are more bits (such as fixed point) then
       this value will be non-zero. If the implementation truely has floating
       point viewport bounds, it may report a sufficiently high value to
       indicate this.

    8) What happened to glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, v)?

       It still works. You can query floating point state with an integer query.
       You'll get a rounded version of the state. You can also query indexed
       state with a non-indexed query - you'll get the state for index 0. Thus
       glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, v) is the same as
       glGetIntegeri_v(GL_VIEWPORT, 0, v), which is legal.

Revision History

    Rev.    Date      Author    Changes
    ----  --------    --------  -----------------------------------------
    18    06/25/2012  Jon Leech Fixed GetIntegerIndexedivEXT ->
                                GetIntegerIndexedvEXT typo (Bug 6694).
    17    07/25/2010  Jon Leech Fix typo in ViewportArrayv pseudocode
                                (Bug 6682).
    16    07/19/2010  Jon Leech Add GetDoublei_v entry point and change
                                state for DEPTH_RANGE to be indexed and
                                queryable with this command (Bug 6495).
                                Reflow a few paragraphs and sync
                                language with 4.1 API spec.
    15    06/16/2010  istewart  Add interaction with NV_geometry_program4.
    14    05/26/2010  Jon Leech Fix minor typos, remove tabs, make language
                                more consistent with GL core spec in
                                some places, and reflow paragraphs
                                following changes.
    13    05/18/2010  gsellers  Rename to ARB_viewport_array.
                                ARBify. Remove suffixes for Core 4.1.
    12    05/17/2010  gsellers  Error is not generated for viewport bounds
                                outside VIEWPORT_BOUNDS_RANGE.
                                Incoporate feedback from pbrown.
    11    05/11/2010  gsellers  Incorporate feedback from bmerry.
    10    05/10/2010  dgkoch    allow UNDEFINED_VERTEX_EXT for compatibility
     9    05/10/2010  dgkoch    add VIEWPORT_BOUNDS_RANGE and clarify the
                                valid values for the viewport location.
                                added queries to determing layer and viewport
                                index provoking vertex convention.
                                updated issue 4.
     8    05/06/2010  gsellers  Remove error if viewport > MAX_VIEWPORT_DIMS.
                                Fix typo in definition of glScissorIndexedv.
                                Update description of ViewportArrayv to accept
                                an array of floats, rather than an array of
                                integers.
     7    04/29/2010  gsellers  Updates and clarifications.
     6    04/15/2010  gsellers  Add interaction with NV_depth_range.
                                Change viewport bounds to floating point values.
                                Add viewport subpixel precision query.
                                Chage function names to ...Indexed.
                                Add issues 6 and 7.
     5    01/07/2010  gsellers  Change from AMD to EXT
                                Change function prototypes
                                Add glViewporti{_v}.
                                Add glScissorArray, glScissori{_v}.
                                Add glDepthRangeArrayv, glDepthRangei.
     4    07/16/2009  gsellers  Document EXT_provoking_vertex interaction.
                                Change 'leading vertex' to 'provoking vertex'.
                                Clarify interaction with glViewport.
                                Add multiple scissor rectangles.
     3    07/14/2009  gsellers  Updates from nickh and wwlk
     2    07/08/2009  gsellers  Updates from myoung
     1    07/06/2009  gsellers  Initial draft