Name

    ARB_compute_shader

Name Strings

    GL_ARB_compute_shader

Contact

    Graham Sellers, AMD (graham.sellers 'at' amd.com)

Contributors

    Pat Brown, NVIDIA
    Daniel Koch, TransGaming
    John Kessenich
    Members of the ARB working group

Notice

    Copyright (c) 2012-2014 The Khronos Group Inc. Copyright terms at
        http://www.khronos.org/registry/speccopyright.html

Specification Update Policy

    Khronos-approved extension specifications are updated in response to
    issues and bugs prioritized by the Khronos OpenGL Working Group. For
    extensions which have been promoted to a core Specification, fixes will
    first appear in the latest version of that core Specification, and will
    eventually be backported to the extension document. This policy is
    described in more detail at
        https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/docs/update_policy.php

Status

    Complete.
    Approved by the ARB on 2012/06/12.

Version

    Last Modified Date: December 10, 2018
    Revision: 28

Number

    ARB Extension #122

Dependencies

    OpenGL 4.2 is required.

    This extension is written based on the wording of the OpenGL 4.2 (Core
    Profile) specification, and on the wording of the OpenGL Shading Language
    (GLSL) Specification, version 4.20.

    This extension interacts with OpenGL 4.3 and
    ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object.

    This extension interacts with NV_vertex_buffer_unified_memory.

Overview

    Recent graphics hardware has become extremely powerful and a strong desire
    to harness this power for work (both graphics and non-graphics) that does
    not fit the traditional graphics pipeline well has emerged. To address
    this, this extension adds a new single-stage program type known as a
    compute program. This program may contain one or more compute shaders
    which may be launched in a manner that is essentially stateless. This allows
    arbitrary workloads to be sent to the graphics hardware with minimal
    disturbance to the GL state machine.

    In most respects, a compute program is identical to a traditional OpenGL
    program object, with similar status, uniforms, and other such properties.
    It has access to many of the same resources as fragment and other shader
    types, such as textures, image variables, atomic counters, and so on.
    However, it has no predefined inputs nor any fixed-function outputs. It
    cannot be part of a pipeline and its visible side effects are through its
    actions on images and atomic counters.

    OpenCL is another solution for using graphics processors as generalized
    compute devices. This extension addresses a different need. For example,
    OpenCL is designed to be usable on a wide range of devices ranging from
    CPUs, GPUs, and DSPs through to FPGAs. While one could implement GL on these
    types of devices, the target here is clearly GPUs. Another difference is
    that OpenCL is more full featured and includes features such as multiple
    devices, asynchronous queues and strict IEEE semantics for floating point
    operations. This extension follows the semantics of OpenGL - implicitly
    synchronous, in-order operation with single-device, single queue
    logical architecture and somewhat more relaxed numerical precision
    requirements. Although not as feature rich, this extension offers several
    advantages for applications that can tolerate the omission of these
    features. Compute shaders are written in GLSL, for example and so code may
    be shared between compute and other shader types. Objects are created and
    owned by the same context as the rest of the GL, and therefore no
    interoperability API is required and objects may be freely used by both
    compute and graphics simultaneously without acquire-release semantics or
    object type translation.

New Procedures and Functions

        void DispatchCompute(uint num_groups_x,
                             uint num_groups_y,
                             uint num_groups_z);

        void DispatchComputeIndirect(intptr indirect);

New Tokens

    Accepted by the <type> parameter of CreateShader and returned in the
    <params> parameter by GetShaderiv:

        COMPUTE_SHADER                                  0x91B9

    Accepted by the <pname> parameter of GetIntegerv, GetBooleanv, GetFloatv,
    GetDoublev and GetInteger64v:

        MAX_COMPUTE_UNIFORM_BLOCKS                      0x91BB
        MAX_COMPUTE_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS                 0x91BC
        MAX_COMPUTE_IMAGE_UNIFORMS                      0x91BD
        MAX_COMPUTE_SHARED_MEMORY_SIZE                  0x8262
        MAX_COMPUTE_UNIFORM_COMPONENTS                  0x8263
        MAX_COMPUTE_ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFERS              0x8264
        MAX_COMPUTE_ATOMIC_COUNTERS                     0x8265
        MAX_COMBINED_COMPUTE_UNIFORM_COMPONENTS         0x8266
        MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_INVOCATIONS              0x90EB

    Accepted by the <pname> parameter of GetIntegeri_v, GetBooleani_v,
    GetFloati_v, GetDoublei_v and GetInteger64i_v:

        MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_COUNT                    0x91BE
        MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE                     0x91BF

    Accepted by the <pname> parameter of GetProgramiv:

        COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE                         0x8267

    Accepted by the <pname> parameter of GetActiveUniformBlockiv:

        UNIFORM_BLOCK_REFERENCED_BY_COMPUTE_SHADER      0x90EC

    Accepted by the <pname> parameter of GetActiveAtomicCounterBufferiv:

        ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFER_REFERENCED_BY_COMPUTE_SHADER  0x90ED

    Accepted by the <target> parameters of BindBuffer, BufferData,
    BufferSubData, MapBuffer, UnmapBuffer, GetBufferSubData, and
    GetBufferPointerv:

        DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER                        0x90EE

    Accepted by the <value> parameter of GetIntegerv, GetBooleanv,
    GetInteger64v, GetFloatv, and GetDoublev:

        DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BINDING                0x90EF

    Accepted by the <stages> parameter of UseProgramStages:

        COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT                              0x00000020

Additions to Chapter 2 of the OpenGL 4.2 (Core Profile) Specification
(OpenGL Operation)

    In section 2.9.1, "Creating and Binding Buffer Objects", add to table 2.8
    (p.43):

                                                                Described
      Target name                 Purpose                     in sections(s)
      -----------------------     -------------------------  ---------------
      DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER    Indirect compute dispatch       5.5
                                  commands

    Add to the end of section 2.9.8, "Indirect Commands In Buffer Objects"
    (p. 53):

    Arguments to the DispatchComputeIndirect command are stored in buffer
    objects as a group of three unsigned integers.

    A buffer object is bound to DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER by calling BindBuffer
    with target set to DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER, and buffer set to the name of
    the buffer object. If no corresponding buffer object exists, one is
    initialized as defined in section 2.9.

    DispatchComputeIndirect sources its arguments from the buffer object whose
    name is bound to DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER, using the <indirect> parameter as
    an offset into the buffer object in the same fashion as described in
    section 2.9.6. An INVALID_OPERATION error is generated if this command
    sources data beyond the end of the buffer object, if zero is bound to
    DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER, or if <indirect> is less than zero or not a
    multiple of the size, in basic machine units, of uint.

    In section 2.11, "Vertex Shaders", modify the introductory text on shaders
    to include compute shaders (second paragraph, p. 56):

    In addition to vertex shaders, tessellation control..., geometry shaders,
    fragment shaders, and compute shders can be created, compiled, and linked
    into program objects.  ....  (section 3.10).  Compute shaders perform
    general computations for dispatched arrays of shader invocations (section
    5.5), but do not operate on primitives processed by the other shader
    types. ...

    In section 2.11.3, "Program Objects", add to the reasons that LinkProgram
    may fail, p. 61:

        * The program object contains objects to form a compute shader (see
          section 5.5) and objects to form any other type of shader.

    In section 2.11.3, modify the description of active programs (last
    paragraph, p. 61, first paragraph, p. 62):

    ... geometry shader stages, those stages are ignored.  If there is no
    active program for the compute shader stage, compute dispatches will
    generate an error.  The active program for the compute shader stage has no
    effect on the processing of vertices, geometric primitives, and fragments,
    and the active program for all other shader stages has no effect on
    compute dispatches.

    In section 2.11.4, "Program Pipeline Objects", modify the description of
    UseProgramStages, p. 65:

    The executables in a program object... becomes current.  These stages may
    include vertex, tessellation control, tessellation evaluation, geometry,
    fragment, or compute, indicated by VERTEX_SHADER_BIT,
    TESS_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT, TESS_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT, GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT,
    FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, or COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT, respectively. ...

    In the unnumbered "Validation" section of section 2.11.12 "Shader
    Execution", modify the list of validation errors, pp. 112-113:

    This error is generated by any command that transfers vertices to the GL
    or launches compute work if:

      * (last bullet, p. 112) One program object is active... first program
        object was active.  The active compute shader is ignored for the
        purposes of this test.

      * (2nd bullet, p. 113) There is no current program specified by
        UseProgram, there is a current program pipeline object, and the
        current program for any shader stage has been relinked since...

      * (3rd bullet, p. 113) Any two active samplers in the set of active
        program objects are of different types but refer to the same texture
        image unit.

      * (4th bullet, p. 113) The sum of the number of active samplers for each
        active program exceeds the maximum number of texture image units
        allowed.

    Modify the paragraph describing ValidateProgram, p. 113:

    ... If validation succeeded, ... set to FALSE.  If validation succeeded,
    no INVALID_OPERATION validation error will be generated if <program> were
    made current via UseProgram, given the current state.  If validation
    failed, such errors will be generated under the current state.

    Modify the paragraph describing ValidateProgramPipeline, p. 114:

    ... can be queried with GetProgramPipelineiv (see section 6.1.12).  If
    validation succeeded, no INVALID_OPERATION validation error will be
    generated if <pipeline> were bound and no program were made current via
    UseProgram, given the current state.  If validation failed, such errors
    will be generated under the current state.

    In subsection 2.11.12, "Shader Execution":

        Add to the list of implementation dependent constants under the
    "Texture Access" sub-heading:

        MAX_COMPUTE_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS (for compute shaders),

        Add to the list of implementation dependent constants under the "Atomic
    Counter Access" sub-heading:

        MAX_COMPUTE_ATOMIC_COUNTERS (for compute shaders),

        Add to the list of implementation dependent constants under the "Image
    Access" sub-heading:

        MAX_COMPUTE_IMAGE_UNIFORMS (for compute shaders),

    In section 2.16, "Conditional Rendering", modify the sentence describing
    conditional rendering, starting with "In this case"...

    In this case, all drawing commands (see section 2.8.3), as well as
    Clear and ClearBuffer* (see section 4.2.3), and compute dispatch
    through DispacthCompute* (see section 5.5), have no effect.
    In the "Shared Memory Access Synchronization" subsection of section
    2.11.13, "Shader Memory Access", modify the description of
    COMMAND_BARRIER_BIT (p. 118):

      * COMMAND_BARRIER_BIT:  Command data sourced from buffer objects by
        Draw*Indirect and DispatchComputeIndirect commands ... The buffer
        objects affected by this bit are derived from the DRAW_INDIRECT_BUFFER
        and DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER bindings.

    In subection 2.17.7, "Uniform Variables", replace the paragraph beginning
    "If <pname> is UNIFORM_BLOCK_REFERENCED_BY_VERTEX_SHADER,"... with:

        If <pname> is UNIFORM_BLOCK_REFERENCED_BY_VERTEX_SHADER,
    UNIFORM_BLOCK_REFERENCED_BY_TESS_CONTROL_SHADER,
    UNIFORM_BLOCK_REFERENCED_BY_TESS_EVALUATION_SHADER,
    UNIFORM_BLOCK_REFERENCED_BY_GEOMETRY_SHADER,
    UNIFORM_BLOCK_REFERENCED_BY_FRAGMENT_SHADER or
    UNIFORM_BLOCK_REFERENCED_BY_COMPUTE_SHADER, then a boolean value indicating
    whether the uniform block identified by uniformBlockIndex is referenced
    by the vertex, tessellation control, tessellation evaluation, geometry,
    fragment or compute programming stages of <program>, respectively, is
    returned.

    Also in subsection 2.17.7, "Uniform Variables", replace the paragraph
    beginning, "If <pname> is ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFER_REFERENCED_BY_VERTEX_SHADER"
    on p.80 with:

        If <pname> is ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFER_REFERENCED_BY_VERTEX_SHADER,
    ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFER_REFERENCED_BY_TESS_CONTROL_SHADER,
    ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFER_REFERENCED_BY_TESS_EVALUATION_SHADER,
    ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFER_REFERENCED_BY_GEOMETRY_SHADER,
    ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFER_REFERENCED_BY_FRAGMENT_SHADER or
    ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFER_REFERENCED_BY_COMPUTE_SHADER, then a single boolean
    value indicating whether the atomic counter buffer identified by
    bufferIndex is referenced by the vertex, tessellation control, tessellation
    evaluation, geometry, fragment or compute programming stages of
    <program>, respectively, is returned.

    Under the sub-heading "Uniform Blocks" in subsection 2.11.17, replace the
    sentence beginning "The limits for vertex, tessellation ..." on p.92
    with:

        The limits for vertex, tessellation, geometry, fragment and compute
    shaders can be obtained by calling GetIntegerv with <pname> set to
    MAX_VERTEX_UNIFORM_BLOCKS, MAX_TESS_CONTROL_UNIFORM_BLOCKS,
    MAX_TESS_EVALUATION_UNIFORM_BLOCKS, MAX_GEOMETRY_UNIFORM_BLOCKS,
    MAX_FRAGMENT_UNIFORM_BLOCKS and MAX_COMPUTE_UNIFORM_BLOCKS, respectively.

    Under the sub-heading "Atomic Counter Buffers" in subsection 2.11.17,
    replace the sentence beginning "The limits for vertex, geometry, ..."
    on p.96 with:

        The limits for vertex, tessellation, geometry, fragment and compute
    shaders can be obtained by calling GetIntegerv with <pname> set to
    MAX_VERTEX_ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFERS, MAX_TESS_CONTROL_ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFERS,
    MAX_TESS_EVALUATION_ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFERS,
    MAX_GEOMETRY_ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFERS, MAX_FRAGMENT_ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFERS and
    MAX_COMPUTE_ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFERS, respectively.

Additions to Chapter 3 of the OpenGL 4.2 (Core Profile) Specification
(Rasterization)

    None.

Additions to Chapter 4 of the OpenGL 4.2 (Core Profile) Specification
(Per-Fragment Operations and the Framebuffer)

    None.

Additions to Chapter 5 of the OpenGL 4.2 (Core Profile) Specification
(Special Functions)

    Add Section 5.5, "Compute Shaders"

        In addition to graphics-oriented shading operations such as vertex,
    tessellation, geometry and fragment shading, generic computation may be
    performed by the GL through the use of compute shaders. The compute pipeline
    is a form of single-stage machine that runs generic shaders. Compute shaders
    are created as described in section 2.11.1 using a <type> parameter of
    COMPUTE_SHADER. They are attached to and used in program objects as
    described in section 2.11.3.

        Compute workloads are formed from groups of work items called
    _workgroups_ and processed by the executable code for a compute program.
    A workgroup is a collection of shader invocations that execute the same code,
    potentially in parallel. An invocation within a workgroup may share data
    with other members of the same workgroup through shared variables and
    issue memory and control barriers to synchronize with other members of the
    same workgroup.  One or more workgroups is launched by calling:

        void DispatchCompute(uint num_groups_x,
                             uint num_groups_y,
                             uint num_groups_z);

        Each workgroup is processed by the active program object for the
    compute shader stage.  The error INVALID_OPERATION will be generated if
    there is no active program object for the compute shader stage.  The
    active program for the compute shader stage will be determined in the same
    manner as the active program for other pipeline stages, as described in
    section 2.11.3.  While the individual shader invocations within a
    workgroup are executed as a unit, workgroups are executed completely
    independently and in unspecified order.

        <num_groups_x>, <num_groups_y> and <num_groups_z> specify the number of
    workgroups that will be dispatched in the X, Y and Z dimensions,
    respectively. The builtin vector variable gl_NumWorkGroups will be
    initialized with the contents of the <num_groups_x>, <num_groups_y> and
    <num_groups_z> parameters. The maximum number of workgroups that may be
    dispatched at one time may be determined by calling GetIntegeri_v with
    <pname> set to MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_COUNT and <index> must be zero, one,
    or two, representing the X, Y, and Z dimensions, respectively. The
    values in the <num_groups_x>, <num_groups_y> and <num_groups_z> array must
    be less than or equal to the maximum workgroup count for the corresponding
    dimension, otherwise an INVALID_VALUE error is generated. If the workgroup
    count in any dimension is zero, no workgroups are dispatched.

        The workgroup size in each dimension are specified at compile time
    using an input layout qualifier in one or more of the compute shaders
    attached to the program (see Section 4 of the OpenGL Shading Language
    Specification). After the program has been linked, the workgroup size
    of the program may be retrieved by calling GetProgramiv with <pname> set to
    COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE. This will return an array of three integers
    containing the workgroup size of the compute program as specified by
    its input layout qualifier(s). If <program> is the name of a program that
    has not been successfully linked, or is the name of a linked program object
    that contains no compute shaders, then an INVALID_OPERATION error is
    generated.

        The maximum size of a workgroup may be determined by calling
    GetIntegeri_v with <pname> set to MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE
    and <index> set to 0, 1, or 2 to retrieve the maximum work size in the
    X, Y and Z dimension, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum number of
    invocations in a single workgroup (i.e., the product of the three
    dimensions) may be determined by calling GetIntegerv with <pname> set to
    MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_INVOCATIONS.

        The command

        void DispatchComputeIndirect(intptr indirect);

    is equivalent (assuming no errors are generated) to calling
    DispatchCompute with <num_groups_x>, <num_groups_y> and <num_groups_z>
    initialized with the three uint values contained in the buffer currently
    bound to the DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER binding at an offset, in basic
    machine units, specified by <indirect>.  The error INVALID_VALUE is
    generated if <indirect> is less than zero or is not a multiple of four.
    The error INVALID_OPERATION is generated if no buffer is bound to
    DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER, if the command would source data beyond the end
    of the buffer object, or if there is no active program for the compute
    shader stage.  If any of <num_groups_x>, <num_groups_y> or <num_groups_z>
    is greater than MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_COUNT for the corresponding
    dimension then the results are undefined.

    Add Subsection 5.5.1, "Compute Shader Variables"

        Compute shaders can access variables belonging to the current program
    object. The amount of storage in the default uniform block accessed by a
    compute shader is specified by the value of the implementation dependent
    constant MAX_COMPUTE_UNIFORM_COMPONENTS. The total amount of
    combined storage available for uniform variables in all uniform blocks
    accessed by a compute shader (including the default unifom block) is
    specified by the implementation dependent constant
    MAX_COMBINED_COMPUTE_UNIFORM_COMPONENTS.

        There is a limit to the total size of all variables declared as
    <shared> in a single program object. This limit, expressed in units of
    basic machine units, may be queried as the value of
    MAX_COMPUTE_SHARED_MEMORY_SIZE.

Additions to Chapter 6 of the OpenGL 4.2 (Core Profile) Specification
(State and State Requests)

    None.

Additions to Chapter 2 of the OpenGL Shading Language Specification, Version
4.20 (Overview of OpenGL Shading)

    Replace the last sentence of the first paragraph of the overview with
    the following:

    "Currently, these processors are the vertex, tessellation control,
     tessellation evaluation, geometry, fragment, and compute processors."

    Replace the last sentence of the second paragraph of the overview with
    the following:

    "The specific languages will be referred to by the name of the processor
     they target: vertex, tessellation control, tessellation evaluation,
     geometry, fragment, or compute."

    Add a new Section 2.6 titled "Compute Processor" with the following text:

    "The <compute processor> is a programmable unit that operates independently
    from the other shader processors. Compilation units written in the OpenGL
    Shading Language to run on this processor are called <compute shaders>.
    When a complete set of compute shaders are compiled and linked, they
    result in a <compute shader executable> that runs on the compute processor.

    A compute shader has access to many of the same resources as fragment and
    other shader processors, such as textures, buffers, image variables,
    atomic counters, and so on. It does not have any predefined inputs
    nor any fixed-function outputs.  It is not part of the graphics pipeline
    and its visible side effects are through actions on images, storage
    buffers, and atomic counters.

    A compute shader operates on a group of work items called a workgroup.
    A workgroup is a collection of shader invocations that execute the same
    code, potentially in parallel. An invocation within a workgroup may share data with
    other members of the same workgroup through shared variables and issue
    memory and control barriers to synchronize with other members of the same workgroup."

Additions to Chapter 4 of the OpenGL Shading Language Specification, Version
4.20 (Variables and Types)

    Modify section 4.4.1, second paragraph from

    "All shaders allow input layout qualifiers on input variable declarations."

    to

    "All shaders, except compute shaders, allow input layout location qualifiers on
     input variable declarations."

    Modify Section 4.3. Add to the table at the start of Section 4.3:

    +-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
    | Storage Qualifier | Meaning                                                   |
    +-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
    | <shared>          | variable storage is shared across all work items in a     |
    |                   | workgroup for compute shaders                             |
    +-------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

    Add the following paragraph to Section 4.3.4, "Input Variables"

        Compute shaders do not permit user-defined input variables and do not
    form a formal interface with any other shader stage. See section 7.1
    for a description of built-in compute shader input variables. All other
    input to a compute shader is retrieved explicitly through image loads,
    texture fetches, loads from uniforms or uniform buffers, or other user
    supplied code. Redeclaration of built-in input variables in compute
    shaders is not permitted.

    Add the following paragraph to Section 4.3.6, "Output Variables"

        Compute shaders have no built-in output variables, do not support
    user-defined output variables and do not form a formal interface with any
    other shader stage. All outputs from a compute shader take the form of the
    side effects such as image stores and operations on atomic counters.

    Add Section 4.3.7, "Shared", renumber subsequent sections

        The <shared> qualifier is used to declare variables that have storage
    shared between all work items of a compute shader workgroup.
    Variables declared as <shared> may only be used in compute shaders
    (see Section 5.5, "Compute Shaders"). Shared variables are implicitly
    coherent. That is, writes to shared variables from one shader invocation
    will eventually be seen by other invocations within the same workgroup.

        Variables declared as <shared> may not have initializers and their
    contents are undefined at the beginning of shader execution. Any data
    written to <shared> variables will be visible to other shaders executing
    the same shader within the same workgroup. Order of execution
    with regards to reads and writes to the same <shared> variables by different
    invocations of a shader is not defined. In order to achieve ordering with
    respect to reads and writes to <shared> variables, memory barriers must be
    employed using the barrier() function (see Section 8.15).

        There is a limit to the total size of all variables declared as
    <shared> in a single program object. This limit, expressed in units of
    basic machine units may be determined by using the OpenGL API to query the
    value of MAX_COMPUTE_SHARED_MEMORY_SIZE.

    Add Section 4.4.1.4, "Compute-Shader Inputs"

    There are no layout location qualifiers for compute shader inputs.

    Layout qualifier identifiers for compute shader inputs are the workgroup
    size qualifiers:

        layout-qualifier-id
            local_size_x = integer-constant
            local_size_y = integer-constant
            local_size_z = integer-constant

    <local_size_x>, <local_size_y>, and <local_size_z> are used to define the
    local size of the kernel defined by the compute shader in the first,
    second, and third dimension, respectively. The default size in each
    dimension is 1. If a shader does not specify a size for one of the
    dimensions, that dimension will have a size of 1.

    For example, the following declaration in a compute shader

        layout (local_size_x = 32, local_size_y = 32) in;

    is used to declare a two-dimensional compute shader with a local size of
    32 x 32 elements as a three-dimensional compute shader where the third dimension is
    one element deep.

    As another example, the declaration

        layout (local_size_x = 8) in;

    effectively specifies that a one-dimensional compute shader is being
    compiled, and its size is 8 elements.

        If the local size of the shader in any dimension is greater than the
    maximum size supported by the implementation for that dimension, a
    compile-time error results. Also, if such a layout qualifier is declared more
    than once in the same shader, all those declarations must indicate the same
    workgroup size; otherwise a compile-time error results. If multiple compute
    shaders attached to a single program object declare the workgroup size,
    the declarations must be identical; otherwise a link-time error results.
    Furthermore, if a program object contains any compute shaders, at
    least one must contain an input layout qualifier specifying the
    workgroup sizes of the program, or a link-time error will occur.

Additions to Chapter 7 of the OpenGL Shading Language Specification, Version
4.20 (Built-in Variables)

    Add to the start of Section 7.1, "Built-In Language Variables", before the
    description of the vertex language built-in variables:

        In the compute language, the built-in variables are declared as follows:

        // workgroup dimensions
        in    uvec3 gl_NumWorkGroups;
        const uvec3 gl_WorkGroupSize;

        // workgroup and invocation IDs
        in    uvec3 gl_WorkGroupID;
        in    uvec3 gl_LocalInvocationID;

        // derived variables
        in    uvec3 gl_GlobalInvocationID;
        in    uint  gl_LocalInvocationIndex;

    Add the end of Section 7.1, before Section 7.1.1:

        The built-in variable <gl_NumWorkGroups> is a compute-shader input
    variable containing the total number of global work items in each
    dimension of the workgroup that will execute the compute shader.
    Its content is equal to the values specified in the <num_groups_x>,
    <num_groups_y>, and <num_groups_z> parameters passed to the
    DispatchCompute API entry point.

        The built-in constant <gl_WorkGroupSize> is a compute-shader constant
    containing the workgroup size of the shader. The size of the workgroup
    in the X, Y, and Z dimensions is stored in the x, y, and z components.
    The values stored in <gl_WorkGroupSize> match those specified in the
    required <local_size_x>, <local_size_y>, and <local_size_z> layout
    qualifiers for the current shader. This value is constant so that
    it can be used to size arrays of memory that can be shared within
    the workgroup.

        The built-in variable <gl_WorkGroupID> is a compute-shader input
    variable containing the 3-dimensional index of the global workgroup
    that the current invocation is executing in. The possible values range
    across the parameters passed into DispatchCompute, i.e., from (0, 0, 0) to
    (gl_NumWorkGroups.x - 1, gl_NumWorkGroups.y - 1, gl_NumWorkGroups.z - 1).

        The built-in variable <gl_LocalInvocationID> is a compute-shader input
    variable containing the 3-dimensional index of the workgroup
    within the global workgroup that the current invocation is executing in.
    The possible values for this variable range across the workgroup
    size, i.e. (0,0,0) to (gl_WorkGroupSize.x - 1, gl_WorkGroupSize.y - 1,
    gl_WorkGroupSize.z - 1).

        The built-in variable <gl_GlobalInvocationID> is a compute shader input
    variable containing the global index of the current work item.  This
    value uniquely identifies this invocation from all other invocations
    across all workgroups initiated by the current
    DispatchCompute call.  This is computed as:

        gl_GlobalInvocationID =
            gl_WorkGroupID * gl_WorkGroupSize + gl_LocalInvocationID.

        The built-in variable <gl_LocalInvocationIndex> is a compute shader
    input variable that contains the 1-dimensional representation of the
    gl_LocalInvocationID. This is useful for uniquely identifying a
    unique region of shared memory within the workgroup for this
    invocation to use. This is computed as:

        gl_LocalInvocationIndex =
            gl_LocalInvocationID.z * gl_WorkGroupSize.x * gl_WorkGroupSize.y +
            gl_LocalInvocationID.y * gl_WorkGroupSize.x +
            gl_LocalInvocationID.x;

    Add to the list of built-in constants in Section 7.3:

        const ivec3 gl_MaxComputeWorkGroupCount = { 65535, 65535, 65535 };
        const ivec3 gl_MaxComputeWorkGroupSize = { 1024, 1024, 64 };
        const int gl_MaxComputeUniformComponents = 512;
        const int gl_MaxComputeTextureImageUnits = 16;
        const int gl_MaxComputeImageUniforms = 8;
        const int gl_MaxComputeAtomicCounters = 8;
        const int gl_MaxComputeAtomicCounterBuffers = 1;

Additions to Chapter 8 of the OpenGL Shading Language Specification, Version
4.20 (Built-in Variables)

    Insert "Atomic Memory Functions" section after Section 8.10, Atomic
    Counter Functions (p. 149).  Atomic memory operations are supported on
    shared variables; the set of operations and their definitions are similar
    to those for the imageAtomic*() functions.  These functions are fully
    documented in the ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object extension (see
    dependencies).

    Modify the first paragraph of Section 8.15, "Shader Invocation Control
    Functions" to read:

        The shader invocation control function is only available in tessellation
    control shaders and compute shaders. It is used to control the relative
    execution order of multiple shader invocations used to process a patch
    (in the case of tessellation control shaders) or a workgroup (in the
    case of compute shaders), which are otherwise executed with an undefined
    order.

    +----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | Syntax         | Description                                                              |
    +----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | barrier        | For any given static instance of barrier() appearing in a tessellation   |
    |                | control shader or compute shader, all invocations for a single patch     |
    |                | or workgroup, respectively, must enter it before any will continue       |
    |                | beyond it.                                                               |
    +----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+

    Modify the second paragraph as follows:

    ... Because invocations may execute in an undefined order between these
    barrier calls, the values of a per-vertex or per-patch output variable in
    a tessellation control shader or shared variables for compute shaders
    will be undefined in a number of cases enumerated in Section 4.3.7 "Output
    Variables" (for tessellation control shaders) and Section 4.3.6 "Shared
    Variables" (for compute shaders).

    Replace the third paragraph with the following:

    For tessellation control shaders, the barrier() function may only be
    placed inside the function main() of the tessellation control shader and
    may not be called within any control flow. Barriers are also disallowed
    after a return statement in the function main(). Any such misplaced
    barriers result in a compile-time error.

    For compute shaders, the barrier() function may be placed within flow
    control, but that flow control must be uniform flow control. That is, all
    the controlling expressions that lead to execution of the barrier must be
    dynamically uniform expressions. This ensures that if any shader
    invocation enters a conditional statement, then all invocations will enter
    it. While compilers are encouraged to give warnings if they can detect
    this might not happen, compilers cannot completely determine this. Hence,
    it is the author's responsibility to ensure barrier() only exists inside
    uniform flow control. Otherwise, some shader invocations will stall
    indefinitely, waiting for a barrier that is never reached by other
    invocations.

    Modify the table of memory control functions on p.160,

    +-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | Syntax                            | Description                                                                            |
    +-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | void memoryBarrier()              | Control the ordering of all memory transactions issued by a single shader invocation.  |
    +-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | void memoryBarrierAtomicCounter() | Control the ordering of accesses to atomic counter variables issued by a single shader |
    |                                   | invocation.                                                                            |
    +-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | void memoryBarrierBuffer()        | Control the ordering of memory transactions to buffer variables issued within a        |
    |                                   | single shader invocation.                                                              |
    +-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | void memoryBarrierImage()         | Control the ordering of memory transactions to images issued within a single shader    |
    |                                   | invocation.                                                                            |
    +-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | void memoryBarrierShared()        | Control the ordering of memory transactions to shared variables issued within a single |
    |                                   | shader invocation.                                                                     |
    |                                   | Only available in compute shaders.                                                     |
    +-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | void groupMemoryBarrier()         | Control the ordering of all memory transactions issued within a single shader          |
    |                                   | invocation, as viewed by other invocations in the same workgroup.                      |
    |                                   | Only available in compute shaders.                                                     |
    +-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

    Modify the subsequent paragraph as follows:

    The memory barrier built-in functions can be used to order reads and
    writes to variables stored in memory accessible to other shader
    invocations.  When called, these functions will wait for the completion of
    all reads and writes previously performed by the caller that access
    selected variable types, and then return with no other effect.  The
    built-in functions memoryBarrierAtomicCounter(), memoryBarrierBuffer(),
    memoryBarrierImage(), and memoryBarrierShared() wait for the completion of
    accesses to atomic counter, buffer, image, and shared variables,
    respectively.  The built-in functions memoryBarrier() and
    groupMemoryBarrier() wait for the completion of accesses to all of the
    above variable types.  The functions memoryBarrierShared() and
    groupMemoryBarrier() are available only in compute shaders; the other
    functions are available in all shader types.

    When these functions return, any memory stores performed using coherent
    variables prior to the call will be visible to any future coherent access
    to the same memory performed by any other shader invocation.  In
    particular, the values written this way in one shader stage are guaranteed
    to be visible to coherent memory accesses performed by shader invocations
    in subsequent stages when those invocations were triggered by the
    execution of the original shader invocation (e.g., fragment shader
    invocations for a primitive resulting from a particular geometry shader
    invocation).

    Additionally, memory barrier functions order stores performed by the
    calling invocation, as observed by other shader invocations.  Without
    memory barriers, if one shader invocation performs two stores to coherent
    variables, a second shader invocation might see the values written by the
    second store prior to seeing those written by the first.  However, if the
    first shader invocation calls a memory barrier function between the two
    stores, selected other shader invocations will never see the results of
    the second store before seeing those of the first.  When using the
    function groupMemoryBarrier(), this ordering guarantee applies only to
    other shader invocations in the same compute shader workgroup; all other
    memory barrier functions provide the guarantee to all other shader
    invocations.  No memory barrier is required to guarantee the order of
    memory stores as observed by the invocation performing the stores; an
    invocation reading from a variable that it previously wrote will always
    see the most recently written value unless another shader invocation also
    wrote to the same memory.

Dependencies on OpenGL 4.3 and ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object

    If OpenGL 4.3 and ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object are not supported, the
    spec language adding the built-in functions atomicAdd(), atomicMin(),
    atomicMax(), atomicAnd(), atomicOr(), atomicXor(), atomicExchange(), and
    atomicCompSwap() should be considered to be incorporated into this
    extension as-is, except that buffer variables will not be supported and
    thus cannot be used with these functions.  No "#extension" directive is
    necessary to use these functions in compute shaders.

    If OpenGL 4.3 and ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object are not supported,
    references to the GLSL built-in function memoryBarrierBuffer() should be
    removed.

Dependencies on NV_vertex_buffer_unified_memory

    If NV_vertex_buffer_unified_memory is supported, a new buffer address
    range and enable is provided to permit the use with
    DispatchComputeIndirect with a resident buffer object without requiring
    that it be bound to the DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER target.  The following
    additional edits apply:

    Accepted by the <cap> parameter of GetBufferParameterui64vNV:

        DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER                        (defined above)

    Accepted by the <cap> parameter of Disable, Enable, and IsEnabled, and by
    the <pname> parameter of GetIntegerv, GetBooleanv, GetFloatv, GetDoublev
    and GetInteger64v:

        DISPATCH_INDIRECT_UNIFIED_NV                    0x90FD

    Accepted by the <pname> parameter of BufferAddressRangeNV
    and the <value> parameter of GetIntegerui64vNV:

        DISPATCH_INDIRECT_ADDRESS_NV                    0x90FE

    Accepted by the <value> parameter of GetIntegerv:

        DISPATCH_INDIRECT_LENGTH_NV                     0x90FF

    Add to the end of Section 5.5, after discussion of
    DispatchComputeIndirect:

    If DISPATCH_INDIRECT_UNIFIED_NV is enabled, DispatchComputeIndirect does
    not use the buffer bound to DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER.  Instead, it sources
    its arguments from the GPU address range specified by calling
    BufferAddressRangeNV with a <pname> of DISPATCH_INDIRECT_ADDRESS_NV and an
    <index> of zero.  The address is obtained by adding the <indirect>
    parameter to the base address of the range, specified by the <address>
    parameter of BufferAddressRangeNV.  If the command sources data outside
    the specified address range, the error INVALID_OPERATION will be
    generated.  The DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER binding will be ignored in this
    case, and no errors will be generated due to the use of this binding.  The
    error INVALID_VALUE will still be generated if <indirect> is negative.  No
    INVALID_VALUE error will be generated if <indirect> is not a multiple of
    four, but INVALID_OPERATION will be generated if the effective address is
    not a multiple of four.  If the indirect dispatch address range does not
    belong to a buffer object that is resident at the time of the
    DispatchComputeIndirect call, undefined results, possibly including
    program termination, may occur.

    Add the following to the "Compute Dispatch State" table defined in this
    extension:

    Get Value                           Type    Get Command         Initial Value   Sec     Attribute
    ---------                           ----    -----------         -------------   ---     ---------
    DISPATCH_INDIRECT_UNIFIED_NV         B      IsEnabled               FALSE       5.5     none
    DISPATCH_INDIRECT_ADDRESS_NV        Z64+    GetIntegerui64vNV         0         5.5     none
    DISPATCH_INDIRECT_LENGTH_NV          Z+     GetIntegerv               0         5.5     none

Errors

    INVALID_OPERATION is generated by DispatchCompute or
    DispatchComputeIndirect if there is no active program for the compute
    shader stage.

    INVALID_VALUE is generated by DispatchCompute if any of <num_groups_x>,
    <num_groups_y> or <num_groups_z> is greater than the value of
    MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_COUNT for the corresponding dimension.

    INVALID_VALUE is generated by DispatchComputeIndirect if <indirect> is
    less than zero or not a multiple of four.

    INVALID_OPERATION is generated by DispatchComputeIndirect if no buffer is
    bound to DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER or if the command would source data
    beyond the end of the bound buffer object.

    INVALID_OPERATION is generated by GetProgramiv is <pname> is
    COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE and either the program has not been linked
    successfully, or has been linked but contains no compute shaders.

    LinkProgram will fail if <program> contains a combination of compute and
    non-compute shaders.

New State

    None.

New Implementation Dependent State

    Add to Table 6.31, "Program Pipeline Object State"

    +----------------------------------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
    | Get Value                                          | Type      | Get Command             | Initial Value | Description                                                           | Sec.    |
    +----------------------------------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
    | COMPUTE_SHADER                                     | Z+        | GetProgramPipelineiv    | 0             | Name of current compute shader project object                         | 2.11.4  |
    +----------------------------------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+

    Add to Table 6.32, "Program Object State"

    +----------------------------------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
    | Get Value                                          | Type      | Get Command             | Initial Value | Description                                                           | Sec.    |
    +----------------------------------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
    | COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE                            | 3 x Z+    | GetProgramiv            | { 0, ... }    | Workgroup size of a linked compute program                            | 5.5     |
    | UNIFORM_BLOCK_REFERENCED_BY_COMPUTE_SHADER         | B         | GetActiveUniformBlockiv | FALSE         | True if uniform block is referenced by the compute stage              | 2.17.7  |
    | ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFER_REFERENCED_BY_COMPUTE_SHADER | B         | GetActiveAtomicCounter- | FALSE         | AACB has a counter used by compute shaders                            | 2.17.7  |
    |                                                    |           |   Bufferiv              | FALSE         |                                                                       |         |
    +----------------------------------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+

    Insert new table named "Compute Dispatch State", after Table 6.46 "Hints":

    +----------------------------------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
    | Get Value                                          | Type      | Get Command             | Initial Value | Description                                                           | Sec.    |
    +----------------------------------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
    | DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BINDING                   | Z+        | GetIntegerv             | 0             | Indirect dispatch buffer binding                                      | 5.5     |
    +----------------------------------------------------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+

    Insert Table 6.50, "Implementation Dependent Compute Shader Limits",
    renumber subsequent tables.

    +-----------------------------------------+-----------+---------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
    | Get Value                               | Type      | Get Command   | Minimum Value       | Description                                                           | Sec.    |
    +-----------------------------------------+-----------+---------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+
    | MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_COUNT            | 3 x Z+    | GetIntegeri_v | 65535               | Maximum number of workgroups that may be dispatched by a single       | 5.5     |
    |                                         |           |               |                     | dispatch command (per dimension)                                      |         |
    | MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE             | 3 x Z+    | GetIntegeri_v | 1024 (x, y), 64 (z) | Maximum local size of a compute workgroup (per dimension)             | 5.5     |
    | MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_INVOCATIONS      | Z+        | GetIntegerv   | 1024                | Maximum total compute shader invocations in a single workgroup        | 5.5     |
    | MAX_COMPUTE_UNIFORM_BLOCKS              | Z+        | GetIntegerv   | 12                  | Maximum number of uniform blocks per compute program                  | 2.11.7  |
    | MAX_COMPUTE_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS         | Z+        | GetIntegerv   | 16                  | Maximum number of texture image units accessible by a compute shader  | 2.11.12 |
    | MAX_COMPUTE_ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFERS      | Z+        | GetIntegerv   | 8                   | Number of atomic counter buffers accessed by a compute shader         | 2.11.17 |
    | MAX_COMPUTE_ATOMIC_COUNTERS             | Z+        | GetIntegerv   | 8                   | Number of atomic counters accessed by a compute shader                | 2.11.12 |
    | MAX_COMPUTE_SHARED_MEMORY_SIZE          | Z+        | GetIntegerv   | 32768               | Maximum total storage size of all variables declared as <shared> in   |         |
    |                                         |           |               |                     | all compute shaders linked into a single program object               |         |
    | MAX_COMPUTE_UNIFORM_COMPONENTS          | Z+        | GetIntegerv   | 512                 | Number of components for compute shader uniform variables             | 5.5.1   |
    | MAX_COMPUTE_IMAGE_UNIFORMS              | Z+        | GetIntegerv   | 8                   | Number of image variables in compute shaders                          | 2.11.12 |
    | MAX_COMBINED_COMPUTE_UNIFORM_COMPONENTS | Z+        | GetIntegerv   | *                   | Number of words for compute shader uniform variables in all uniform   | 5.5.1   |
    |                                         |           |               |                     | blocks, including the default                                         |         |
    +-----------------------------------------+-----------+---------------+---------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+

    Modify Table 6.55, increasing the following minimum values:

           MAX_COMBINED_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS     96 (6*16), was 80
           MAX_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BINDINGS          72 (6*12), was 60

Issues

    1) Should <shared> variables be usable only in compute shaders, or in other
       stages too?

       RESOLVED:  Support only in compute shaders.  While some hardware may be
       able to support shared variables in shader stages other than compute,
       it is difficult to clearly define what the semantics are as far as
       sharing. For example, what is the equivalent for a workgroup for
       vertex shaders?

    2) Can we expose atomics on <shared> variables?

       RESOLVED:  Yes.  The existing atomics in OpenGL 4.2 (via image
       variables) don't map well to the <shared> declaration.  Instead, we've
       defined new atomic functions that take a variable as a first input.
       These functions are specified in the ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object
       extension and are incorporated into this extension via the interaction
       described above.  We could have also chosen to define operators +=, &=,
       etc. to be atomic when applied to <shared> variables, but shaders may
       want to use such variables in cases where atomic access (and the
       related overhead) is not required.

    3) Should the local size and dimensions of the workgroup be specified at
       compile time? What are the default local dimensions?

       RESOLVED: Dimension is always 3 and a workgroup size declaration is
       compulsory at compile time. There is no default. The value used is
       queriable.  To use a 1- or 2-dimensional workgroup, the extra
       dimension(s) can be set to 1.

    4) Do we need the local_work_size parameter in dispatch if the local size
       may be specified at compile time in the shader?

       RESOLVED: The specification of the workgroup size is now mandatory in
       the shader source at compile time and the local_work_size may no longer
       be specified at dispatch time.

    5) How do multiple shaders attached to a single program object work?

       RESOLVED:  Just as with any other shader stage. Exactly one of the
       shaders must provide the 'main' entry point. All shaders attached to a
       program object effectively get compiled into a single, large program at
       link time.  The program is dispatched as one big entity. Über shader
       type functionality can be achieved through the use of subroutine
       uniforms, which also work exactly as for other shader stages.

    6) Should compute dispatch honor conditional rendering?

       RESOLVED: Yes, it does honor conditional rendering.

    7) Is it possible to pass compute programs to UseProgram, etc.?

       RESOLVED: Yes, compute programs can be made current via UseProgram and
       can be made current in a program pipeline object via UseProgramStages.
       Note that a compute program must be linked with PROGRAM_SEPARABLE set
       to TRUE to be passed to UseProgramStages, even though the compute
       pipeline has only a single shader stage.

       The active compute program that will be used by DispatchCompute will be
       determined in the same manner as the active program for any other
       program stage:

         * If there is a current program specified via UseProgram, that
           program is considered current for all stages, including compute.

         * Otherwise, if there is a current program pipeline object, the
           program current for the compute stage of the pipeline object is
           considered current for the compute stage.

         * If neither of the former apply, no program is current for the
           compute stage.

       The program that is current for the compute stage is considered to be
       active if and only if it has a compute shader executable.  For example,
       if a non-compute program is made current via UseProgram, it will also
       be considered "current" for the compute stage, but won't be considered
       active.

       When using program pipeline objects, it's possible to switch between
       graphics and compute work without switching programs.  For example, in:

         glBindProgramPipeline(pipeline);
         glUseProgramStages(pipeline, GL_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT, programA);
         glUseProgramStages(pipeline, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, programB);
         glUseProgramStages(pipeline, GL_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT, programC);
         glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 900);
         glDispatchCompute(5, 5, 5);

       the triangles will be processed by programA and programB, while the
       compute dispatch will be processed by programC.  Similarly,

         glUseProgramStages(pipeline, ~GL_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT, programAB);
         glUseProgramStages(pipeline, GL_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT, programC);
         glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 900);
         glDispatchCompute(5, 5, 5);

       will have the triangles processed by the multi-stage programAB.

    8) What happens if you try to draw with no active compute program?

       RESOLVED:  An INVALID_OPERATION error is generated if there is no
       active program for the compute shader stage.

    9) Should we increase minimums on certain replicated state bindings
       (texture image units, uniform buffer bindings) to reflect the addition
       of a sixth shader stage?

       RESOLVED:  Yes, for MAX_COMBINED_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS and
       MAX_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BINDINGS.  These limits permit applications to
       statically partition the shared set of texture bindings into six
       separate sets, one per shader stage.

       The limit MAX_COMBINED_UNIFORM_BLOCKS is not increased, because it
       reflects the sum of the number of uniform blocks used in each stage of
       a single program.  Since no single program can have more than five
       stages, these limits don't need to be increased.

    10) How do the shader built-in variables relate to DirectCompute's
       built-in system values (SV_*)?

        OpenGL Compute             DirectCompute
        --------------------------------------------------
        gl_NumWorkGroups           --
        gl_WorkGroupSize           --
        gl_WorkGroupID             SV_GroupID
        gl_LocalInvocationID       SV_GroupThreadID
        gl_GlobalInvocationID      SV_DispatchThreadID
        gl_LocalInvocationIndex    SV_GroupIndex

    11) How does "program validation" (checking the active programs against
        the current state) apply to DispatchCompute?

      RESOLVED:  The same program validation logic will be applied to both
      graphics primitives (e.g., DrawArrays) and compute dispatches.
      Conditions that will cause validation errors for graphics primitives
      will also cause validation errors for compute dispatch, even if the
      conditions wouldn't otherwise affect compute, for example:

        * Mis-configured program pipeline objects (e.g., inserting a geometry
          program A between the linked vertex and fragment shaders of of
          program B).

        * A graphics program has a vertex shader that uses a 2D texture from
          texture image unit 0 and a fragment shader that uses a 3D texture
          from texture image unit 0.

      Similarly, validation errors specific to the compute shader executable
      (e.g., using different targets on a single texture image unit in a
      compute program) will generate validation errors for graphics Draw*
      calls.

      We chose to specify this behavior for several reasons.  First, using the
      same logic in both places ensures a single result for ValidateProgram
      and ValidateProgramPipeline (a single VALIDATE_STATUS value wouldn't be
      good enough if the result could be different for compute and graphics).
      Additionally, a single test allows implementations to set up state and
      perform validation tests for compute and graphics operations at the same
      time, without requiring additional irregular graphics- or
      compute-specific logic.

    12) We specify an INVALID_OPERATION error for DispatchCompute when there
        is no active program on the compute stage.  Should we specify similar
        errors for Draw* calls if the current program specified by UseProgram
        is a compute program?

      RESOLVED:  Not in the current spec.  If a compute shader is made
      current with UseProgram, there will be no active program for either the
      vertex and fragment stages.  In this case, the results of vertex and
      fragment processing are undefined, but no error is generated.  This
      behavior is already specified in unextended OpenGL 4.2.

      We don't generate errors in this case for several reasons:

        * For the compatibility profile, fixed-function vertex and fragment
          processing is available, and INVALID_OPERATION wouldn't make sense
          there.

        * Even in the core profile, there are cases where no active fragment
          shader is needed (e.g., primitives with RASTERIZER_DISCARD enabled).

      While there is no case where having only a compute program makes sense,
      at least in the core profile, we chose to keep the same undefined
      behavior that's already in place.

    13) Should we provide any additional support extending the memoryBarrier()
        GLSL built-in function provided by ARB_shader_image_load_store and
        GLSL 4.20?

      RESOLVED:  Yes.  The memoryBarrier() function provided by GLSL 4.20
      requires (a) synchronizing all memory transactions that might be visible
      to other shader invocations and (b) ordering memory transactions so that
      all other shader invocations never see stores issued after the barrier
      before seeing stores issued before the barrier.  Hardware
      implementations of GLSL 4.20 may have a high degree of parallelism,
      where the memory subsystem servicing shader loads and stores may have
      multiple independent sub-units, and where the shader invocations
      themselves may be executed in parallel on many shader cores.  The
      memoryBarrier() command may be fairly heavyweight, requiring
      synchronization with all memory sub-units and shader cores.

      We provide new functions in two different directions that might serve as
      lighter weight alternatives to memoryBarrier().  In particular, we
      provide four new functions

        void memoryBarrierAtomicCounter();
        void memoryBarrierBuffer();
        void memoryBarrierImage();
        void memoryBarrierShared();

      that order transactions of only a specific memory type and might require
      synchronization with fewer sub-units of the memory subsystem and a new
      function:

        void groupMemoryBarrier();

      that only order transactions as viewed by other threads in the same
      workgroup, which might not require synchronization with other shader cores.
      Since shared memory is only accessible to threads within a single
      workgroup, memoryBarrierShared() also only requires synchronization with
      other threads in the same workgroup.

Revision History

    Rev.    Date    Author    Changes
    ----  --------  --------- -----------------------------------------
    28    12/10/18  Jon Leech Use 'workgroup' consistently throughout (Bug
                              11723, internal API issue 87).
    27    07/24/14  Jon Leech Change value of GLSL limit
                              gl_MaxComputeUniformComponents to 512 for
                              consistency with the API (Bug 12370).
    26    01/30/14  Jon Leech Add table 6.31 COMPUTE_SHADER entry for
                              program pipeline objects (Bug 11539).
    25    10/23/12  pbrown    Remove the restriction forbidding the use of
                              barrier() inside potentially divergent flow
                              control.  Instead, we will allow barrier() to
                              be executed anywhere, but specify undefined
                              results (including hangs or program termination)
                              if the flow control is divergent (bug 9367).
    24    07/01/12  Jon Leech Fix typo (bug 8984).
    23    06/28/12  johnk     Remove two other references to "thread", add
                              "Only available in compute shaders" to the table
                              for memoryBarrierShared() and groupMemoryBarrier(),
                              fixed a typo.
    22    06/22/12  pbrown    Add a new built-in memoryBarrierBuffer() as an
                              interaction with ARB_shader_storage_buffer.  Add
                              a new built-in groupMemoryBarrier() that orders
                              memory transactions only as observed by other
                              shader invocations in the same work group.
                              Enhance the description of the GLSL memory
                              barrier functions.  Add issue 13 about the new
                              memory barrier functions added in this extension
                              (bug 9199).  Mark issues 11 and 12 as resolved.
                              Add NV_vertex_buffer_unified_memory interaction
                              allowing DispatchComputeIndirect to read its
                              arguments from any resident buffer object
                              instead of the single bound indirect dispatch
                              buffer.
    21    06/21/12  gsellers  Clarify that there are no built-in inputs or
                              outputs in compute shaders (bug 9200).
    20    06/21/12  gsellers  Throw INVALID_OPERATION if querying
                              COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE from unlinked program or
                              program with no compute shader (bug 9117).
    19    06/18/12  pbrown    DispatchComputeIndirect throws INVALID_VALUE
                              if <indirect> is negative or misaligned (bug
                              9181).
    18    06/17/12  pbrown    Clarify that compute-only programs can be used
                              by both UseProgram and UseProgramStages, and add
                              a COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT for UseProgramStages (bug
                              9155).  Specify that validation errors checking
                              programs against each other and the GL state
                              apply equally to graphics primitives (Draw*) and
                              compute dispatches.  Update issue 7; add new
                              issues 11 and 12.  Clarify that compute shader
                              invocations in a workgroup are run "potentially
                              in parallel", but not "in lockstep" (bug 9151).
                              Other minor wording improvements.
    17    06/15/12  johnk     Don't allow location layout qualifiers for
                              compute shader inputs.
    16    06/15/12  johnk     In the intro material, allow work groups to
                              only potentially execute in parallel, and use
                              control barriers to synchronize.  Other minor
                              fixes.
    15    06/15/12  dgkoch    Added Additions to Ch.2 of Shading Language.
                              Renamed shader built-in variables, explained
                              them better, made them uvec3 instead of int[3].
                              Added derived shading language variables.
                              Renamed and changed built-in constants for
                              consistency with the variables. Removed
                              gl_MaxComputeWorkDimensions since it is no
                              longer necessary. Renamed API constants to
                              be consistent with shading language terminology.
                              Remove a few rogue references to variable
                              number of dispatch arguments. Added Issue 10.
                              (bugs 9151, 9167)
    14    06/14/12  pbrown    Modify DispatchComputeIndirect to accept an
                              "intptr"-typed offset instead of a "void *",
                              since doesn't accept pointers to client memory.
                              Modify DispatchComputeIndirect to use a new
                              buffer binding (DISPATCH_INDIRECT_BUFFER)
                              instead of sharing the binding used by
                              Draw*Indirect.  Add missing entries in the "New
                              Tokens" section and assign values.  Update
                              documentation of COMMAND_BARRIER_BIT to reflect
                              the new dispatch indirect binding.  Document
                              DispatchComputeIndirect errors for offsets that
                              are negative, misaligned, or run off the end of
                              the bound buffer.  Increase minimums for
                              combined texture image units and uniform buffer
                              bindings to reflect the new stage.  Update
                              various issues, add new issue 9 (bug 9130).
    13    06/14/12  Jon Leech Copy description of MAX_COMPUTE_SHARED_MEMORY_SIZE
                              into API spec from GLSL spec (bug 9069).
    12    05/14/12  pbrown    Add interaction with ARB_shader_storage_buffer_
                              object. The built-in functions provided there
                              for atomic memory operations on buffer variables
                              are also supported for the shared variables
                              provided here.  The functions themselves are
                              documented fully in the other specification.
    11    05/14/12  johnk     Keep the previous logical contents of the last
                              paragraph of the memory shader control functions.
    10    04/26/12  gsellers  Count max compute shared variable size in bytes.
                              Make shared variables implicitly coherent.
                              Add MAX_COMPUTE_UNIFORM_COMPONENTS.
                              Clean up MAX_COMPUTE_IMAGE_UNIFORMS.
     9    04/25/12  gsellers  Add UNIFORM_BLOCK_REFERENCED_BY_COMPUTE_SHADER
                              and ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFER_REFERENCED_BY_-
                              COMPUTE_SHADER.  Remove <program> from dispatch
                              APIs.  Add memoryBarrier{Image,Shared,
                              AtomicCounter}().
     8    04/05/12  gsellers  Remove ARB suffixes.
     7    02/02/12  gsellers  Require OpenGL 4.2.
                              Add issue 8.
                              Up various minimums.
                              Remove variable dimensionality.
     6    01/24/12  gsellers  Require OpenGL 3.0.
                              Incorporate feedback from bmerry.
                              Add compute shader constants to sec. 7.7.
                              Add modifications to sec. 8.15 of the GLSL spec.
                              Add issue 7.
     5    01/20/12  gsellers  Make compute dispatch honor conditional
                              rendering.  Add indirect dispatch.
                              Change 'global work size' to 'num work groups',
                              make global size in multiples of work group size.
     4    01/10/12  gsellers  Fix typos and other small corrections.
                              Make specification of work group size at compile
                              time compulsory.
                              Add COMPUTE_WORK_DIMENSION_ARB and
                              COMPUTE_LOCAL_WORK_SIZE_ARB queries.
                              Add issue (5), resolve issues (3) and (4).
     3    01/09/12  gsellers  Change from AMD to ARB.
                              Update to be relative to OpenGL 4.2 (+GLSL 4.20).
                              Add <shared> variables.
                              Add issues (1) - (4).
                              Add link failure for programs that contain
                              compute and non-compute shaders.
     2    06/10/11  gsellers  Add error behavior.
                              Shading language changes.
                              Add global_offset parameter.
                              Add implementation dependent limits.
     1    09/24/10  gsellers  Initial revision